The Theory Of Mind Wandering

The Theory Of Mind Wandering
Abstract Although mind wandering is a central concept in psychology and is very relevant in our
everyday life, the neural underpinnings of it are still vastly unknown. The reasons for this are
generally because of mind wandering being a relatively new field in neuroimaging studies and
because of the many challenges that are brought with measuring it. Nevertheless in the last decade
increasingly more research has been conducted to study it and several different techniques have
developed in measurement of it. The purpose of the current review is to explore some of the studies
used to measure mind wandering and with the help of them explore the neural underpinnings of it.
In order to facilitate scientific examination of mind wandering the current review categorizes recent
literature into two different strategies. Furthermore particular attention is paid to the "default–mode"
network, since it is currently considered to hold the most prominent explanation for mind
wandering. I Introduction Mind wandering (MW) is a long standing concept that has been of interest
for scholars and psychologist for centuries. MW refers to ongoing mentation which occurs
spontaneously, and largely autonomously, whenever an individual is not engaged in a cognitively
demanding task. The scientific exploration of MW poses unique challenges; because MW is by
nature a spontaneous internal mental process that occurs in the absence of external cues. This makes
MW difficult to control,
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Understanding The Relationship Between Mind Wandering And...
On the other hand, this second study example does not provide the added validity of triangulation in
the methodology. Bunce et al. (2010) conducted a study whereby students used clicker technology to
indicate when their attention was distracted from their lecture content in three fifty minute chemistry
lectures. Lecturing, demonstrating and quizzing, although not experimentally manipulated, was
implemented, and it was found that following these interspersed sessions that bouts of distraction
during lectures was reduced. According to Bunce et al., Self–reports upon distraction measured
attentiveness to lecture content. Although results of this study are informative, as mentioned above,
self reports are limited without the combining with other techniques. To assess mind wandering and
the effects of active learning interventions, the frequency and timing of these would need to be
manipulated specifically. This type of study, however, is particularly relevant to improving
understanding the relationship between mind wandering and higher education. In contrast, this
extremely comprehensive study is broad ranging in its outcomes. In a controlled investigation, the
authors, Mrazek et al, (2013), used a mixed factorial pretest–posttest design. Forty–eight
randomised university students met for forty–five minutes, four times per week for four weeks, to
do either mindfulness training or nutrition training in a control group. Mrazek et al, (2013) found
that mindfulness

The Negative Side Of A Wandering Mind
The Negative Side Of A Wandering Mind
UBC Student #14268156
Word Count: 1040 As humans, we have the special cognitive ability to think critically about our
environment and our experiences. The human mind can side track individuals with thoughts or allow
them to decompress and wind down after a busy day. Critical thinking skills and an infinite
imagination can often lead to the brain's cognitive function of mind wandering . Mind wandering
occurs when individuals avert their attention from a current task to the thoughts in their minds. The
ability to think about something else and escape from the task at hand (e.g., studying, driving, or
eating) can be both a benefit and a detriment in daily life. This essay will explore the setbacks of
mind wandering (e.g., productivity level and distraction) and the effect it has on humans' overall
mood. It is almost always a good thing to plan ahead, but thinking about the future can often lead to
an increase of stress levels. Two researchers from Harvard University conducted an experiment to
find out if people 's thoughts affected their happiness level (Killingsworth, Matthew A. & Daniel T.
Gilbert, 2010). The researchers created a smartphone app to collect data in which the participants
answered a variety of questions throughout the day. These questions asked the subjects about what
they were thinking about at that particular moment and to rate their overall happiness level. The
results concluded that people who mind wandered during

The Pros And Cons Of Mind Wandering
Mind–wandering is the situation in which a person's attention and thoughts wander from a current
task to some other inappropriate line of thought (Radvansky, Ashcraft 2014). This is a very common
experience, and for most it is also an issue at times. Everyone wants to be able to concentrate and
not have other thoughts in their mind when needed such as in school, work etc... Daydreaming,
thinking about what you will eat, about your family, or when you read something and have no idea
what you just read, are all examples of mind wandering (Radvansky, Ashcraft 2014). There have
been claims stating that mind wandering is lower for low working memory capacity (WMC)
subjects (Radvansky, Ashcraft 2014). Researchers have examined this and many other factors
contributing to the mind wandering phenomenon. Many conclusions have been made upon different
components of mind–wandering, thus we will explore various research studies that provide recent
discoveries in mind wandering.
Introduction
Our minds do not wander randomly to what doesn't worry us, it wanders due to having numerous
concerns, which in turn forces our minds to think about them in any instant (Radvansky, Ashcraft
2014). When we mind wander, we take all the attention from the atmosphere we are in and emphasis
entirely in our own inner thoughts. Often, we are not aware that we are "day dreaming" until we
catch ourselves (Radvansky, Ashcraft 2014). Mind wandering is a very interesting and vast topic
that we have discussed in

Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation
Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation Mind wandering is one of the most used mental
activities a person uses throughout the day. You may be planning to make dinner for the evening,
driving to the mall, or even when you want to go sleep. As we think about these things, our mind
can wander to different ideas, or thought and we could arise at a new problem or situation. We have
these creative thoughts when we are engaged in something else. Some research suggests that mind
wandering can enhance creativity, but also has been shown to decrease reading comprehension and
memory tests of working memory. The scientific article, "Inspired by Distraction: Mind Wandering
Facilitates Creative Incubation", by Benjamin Baird, Jonathon Smallwood, Michael D. Mrazek,
Julia W. Y. Kam, Michael S. Franklin, and Jonathon W. Schooler (2012) focuses on creative
thoughts and mind wandering. The article uses the incubation paradigm, where performance is
measured by a UUT (Unusual Uses Task) and if it can be aided by a demanding task or an
undemanding task that boosts mind wandering. According to Baird and colleagues, mind wandering
can enhance creativity goals and problems that were encountered. Creativity finds solutions that are
novel, and high quality (Matlin, 2009). J.P. Guilford researched how we measure creativity.
Creativity should be measured by divergent production. This research demonstrates the number of
different responses that are made for each test item (Matlin, 2009).

Relationship Between Sundowning And Alzheimer's Disease
SUNDOWNING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Sundowning, or sundown syndrome are terms that have been used for over 20 years to describe the
reversal of day and night which often occurs in Alzheimer's and other dementing illnesses. (2) Those
who are impacted are often called Sundowners and they act as if their biological clocks have
reversed their day and night cycles. Some are able to function on little sleep throughout their 24–
hour day cycle. Some individuals stay up all night and will then continually doze off during the day.
This alteration in the sleep–wake cycle is not necessarily permanent and they may revert to earlier
patterns of sleep, or may sleep for increasing periods of time. (1) ... Show more content on
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5) The routine noises can be a source of security for the Alzheimer's person. Comforting noise, such
as talking and music may no longer be present and may cause panic.
6) Shift changes in facilities often occur at this time and the increase in activity may cause
confusion.
7) The person may be afraid of the dark and may be making noises to fill the emptiness.
8) Changes in barometric pressure.
9) The brain centers that trigger waking and sleeping schedules may be damaged by Alzheimer's.
This condition is often harder on the care giver than it is on the persons with Alzheimers. Care
givers often find themselves exhausted. The online articles "Sundowning and Sleeping"
and "Sundown Syndrome and the Elderly" provide some steps that can be taken to
lessen the effects using a coordinated approach by family members and health care providers.
1) It may be possible to make part of the house so safe that the person can be up and

Briefly Present The Aim Of The Article Or Book Chapter
Briefly present the aim of the article or book chapter and summarize the main findings/key points,
along with a limited number of examples. The article that I chose relates to sundownng and tips that
can be used to reduce it from the Mayo Clinic Website. Sundowning occurs with dementia patients
and can cause a variety of issues and behaviors such as confusion, wandering, and aggression to
name a few examples. In addition, there were many articles on this subject and from looking at
several of them it can be confusing because this is one topic that requires more research because
many things are unknown about sundowning syndrome. "The term sundowning refers to a state of
confusion occurring in the late afternoon and spanning into the ... Show more content on
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What new insights I have gained is that it is important to look at the factors that may cause
sundowning in each person because factors that may be a part of sundowning could be different for
each resident and it must not be looked at the same for everyone. For example, if a resident has a
urinary tract infection or some other medical condition that contributes to sundowning that would
need to be addressed. If another resident has different factors that aggravate late–day confusion
different methods might need to be used to help them that are not the same. Of course, sundowning
can affect people differently such as types of behaviors that might occur and it would be important
to know what those behaviors are especially if it is aggression. The social worker, nurses, CNA's
and others that work with the resident would need to be careful if someone gets aggressive and
know what to do for safety reasons. In addition, by knowing to look for the factors that could be
causing it measures can be taken to try to address it or prevent it beforehand that would be the best
practice.
Tips for reducing sundowning:
Try to maintain a predictable routine for bedtime, waking, meals and activities.
Plan for activities and exposure to light during the day to encourage nighttime sleepiness.
Limit daytime napping.
Limit caffeine and sugar to morning hours.
Keep a night light on to reduce agitation that occurs when surroundings are dark or unfamiliar.
In the evening,

Essay 'A Wandering Mind Is An Unhappy Mind'
During the time between waking up and going to bed about 50,000 to 70,000 thoughts go through
one person's head. Most of those thoughts happen during a process called "mind wandering". There
are a lot of techniques used to minimize "mind wandering". To Matthew Killingsworth and Daniel
Gilbert this meant that "mind wandering" was a bad thing. They studied to find the answer and as a
result wrote "A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind". Matthew Killingsworth and Daniel Gilbert
are psychologists who study happiness as well as all of the other emotions. Together they started a
study to find out if a "wandering mind" really make you unhappy. They introduced an app to record
this study. This app is only for apple users. It activates "at random moments during their waking
hours". When this app activates it asks you questions such as "how are you feeling right now?", and
"what are you doing right now?" if I had an apple anything I would go get the app right away. ...
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In this article they describe how "mind wandering appears to be the brains default mode of
operation". This means that during the times of the day where you are not actively thinking about
thinking, your mind still thinks. This is when the question of whether or not this makes us as
humans unhappy, comes into play. A lot of people suggest that in order to be happy you have to be
"living in the moment". The study is a study to see "about its emotional consequences".
Unfortunately it is not easily possible to get results for this study. Matthew Killingsworth and Daniel
Gilbert had to dig a little deeper to get results for this study.

Amsterdam Island Research Paper
Amsterdam albatross has shown a steady decline since a massive environmental threats such as the
introduction of other species that have continually damaged its habit. While that problem has
lessened considerably but recent issues of diseases carried by other marine birds have continued to
destroy the population. Scientific research has detail that the only population of this part of the
albatross family lives and breed on the island called Amsterdam Island. With all these factors taken
in along with the staggering small population of about a 100, the IUCN has classified them as
Critically Endangered since 1994. With the such a small population, residing on one island and
spreading of various diseases the chances of its survival are at best being very slim to its extinction
being inevitable.
Amsterdam albatross, or called by it's scientific name of Diomedea amsterdamensis (Figure 1) are
part of the Albatross family and are know classified as critically endangered by the International
Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Amsterdam Albatross is much like the Great
Albatross in terms of looks, but differ in the brown color of plumage than the typical white. This
subspecies of Wandering Albatross are weighed at 8 to 11 pounds, 42 to 48 inches long and 110 to
130 inch ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though recent satellite footage and picture form bird photographer has showed sightings Australia,
New Zealand, and the Western Cape of South Africa. Based on census in 2011 the populations in
Total are 170, with 100 of those being mature. While this is an increase from before 1998 where it
struggled to have more than 50 mature individuals, its overall status in terms of population is a
declining one. Many of the major threats of time such as from the introduction of cattle to current
day facing the spread of diseases like avian

Mind Wandering : A Negative Impact On Learning
A large proportion of the research on mind wandering has focused on the costs and benefits of mind
wandering and how its effects relate to an educational environment. Mind wandering may be
defined as the removal of attention from external stimuli or an immediate task towards unrelated
concerns such as internal thoughts or imagined scenarios (Burton, Westen, & Kowalski, 2015).
While mind wandering has been found to offer both positive and negative impacts, the common
interpretation of recent research suggests that the costs of mind wandering significantly outweighs
the benefits, particularly in higher education. Mind wandering has been found to have a negative
impact on mood and cognitive abilities, including sustained attention, working memory and general
intelligence (Mooneyham & Schooler, 2013). In an attempt to review the implications that mind
wandering has on learning in higher education, this essay will briefly examine the costs and benefits
of mind wandering.
Typically, mind wandering occurs within the regular flow of consciousness; that is the flow of
thoughts that run or 'flow' throughout the conscious mind. Much of the time however, the initiation
of mind wandering is an unconscious process and many individuals do not realise its initial
engagement. Many of the methods available that allow mind wandering episodes to be measured,
rely heavily on experience sampling techniques and depend on participants correctly reporting the
contents of their consciousness at

Multitask
What you view as harmless multitasking affects your efficiency because our brains have cognitive
limits. According to "How to Do One Thing at a Time" published by Women's Health Magazine,
Clifford Nass, Ph.D., a professor at Stanford University performed an experiment on a group of
students. A group of students was asked to spend 30 minutes to compile a playlist, chat, and write a
short essay. Another group of students spent 10 minutes focusing on each task individually. After
they completed their tasks, they were given a memory test. Professor Nass concluded that single–
taskers did significantly better on the memory test than multi–taskers.
The article "How to Do One Thing at a Time" acknowledges an article in the science journal
Neurolmage. The science journal revealed that "when we attempt demanding tasks simultaneously,
we end up doing neither as well as we should because our brains have cognitive limits." Difficult
tasks require your full attention. It's impossible to multitask on those tasks because we are distracted
by another task. Often times, people forget about what they're working on. As stated earlier, people
who focused on each task individually scored significantly higher on memory tests. When I'm
working on an assignment, I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many experts believe that "through solutions such as yoga and acupuncture, experts believe we can
break our multitask habit and sharpen our focus." Having a strong power of concentration enables
faster comprehension, enhances memory, and assists in concentrating on a task. Through the use of
yoga, your attention can sharpen. Focus your mind is a yoga exercise that calms your mind and
heightens your focus called drishti. Closing your eyes and focusing on the spot above and in
between your eyebrows helps keep your mind from wandering. This is a great way to strengthen
your power of concentration by preventing your mind from

Relationships In Josip Novakovich's 'Ballet, AndA Wanderer'
The formation of healthy relationships is crucial to the survival of the human race: parents to child,
spouse to spouse, neighbor to neighbor, all are equally important for society to function. In the short
stories "Ballet" and "A Wanderer", the authors create relationships that were on the brink of
destruction, which adds immense amounts of conflict to the plot. For example, in Pete Fromm's
"Ballet", the young narrator attempts to mend his parents strained relationship, due to his father's
infidelity, causing their family dynamics to be originally deemed doomed. Likewise, in Josip
Novakovich's "A Wanderer", fourteen–year–old Neda attempts to cross the racial barrier, bringing
kindness to a refugee, an action her parents were skeptical of. These bildungsroman stories
showcase children having more maturity compared to their older, more closed–minded parents. By
means of dialogue, color–light symbolism, and point–of–view Fromm and Novakovich develop
dynamic relationships which question the norms of society.
In "Ballet", the young narrator, only referred to as "Flash", is overwhelmed with emotions and
memories as the Christmas season is fast approaching. Usually, the holiday season is filled with
joyous carols and family traditions; however Flash's experiences resemble the bitter aspects of
winter, being cold, frigid, and isolated from his surroundings. This tone of isolation and sadness is
present through the authors motif of "dark" objects, "down the block our house was

Instagram
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most frequent causes of dementia (weak–mindedness) at elderly
and senile age. Dementia is characterized by the expressed decline of intellectual functions of the
person with ability disorders of surrounding conditions and independent actions. The disease is
called by the name of A. Alzheimer, who described this form of illness in 1906. In the absence of
treatment the disease steadily progresses and leads to the destruction of all mental functions. The
etiologies of Alzheimer's disease are not finally found out. There is a lot of data, testifying to the
hereditary nature of the disease. However, there are the cases not caused by the hereditary
predisposition, especially at later onset of the disease. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Patients do not know the date, month and year; can be easily lost in a familiar place, and not always
understand, where they are; do not learn acquaintances and close people. Orientation is gradually
broken. Patients cannot name their age, forget the key facts of life. "A shift" to the past is quite often
observed: they consider themselves either children or young people, assert that the dead parents are
still alive. Habitual skills are broken: patients lose ability to use household appliances, cannot dress
or wash independently. The realized actions are substituted by the stereotypic wandering and
senseless collecting of things. In progressive stages of Alzheimer's disease patients completely lose
ability to exist without assistance; speech and impellent activity is limited to the senseless shouts
and stereotypic movements within bed.
Members of a family and close friends are more sensitive to the early signs of Alzheimer's disease
than traditional screening tests. The researchers from the University of Washington have developed
the alternative approach to diagnostics of this disease which is based on questioning of the family or
relatives of the patient. Such a questionnaire takes only some minutes and allows estimating
cognitive changes which cause difficulties in accomplishment of daily activities. It is proved by the
researches on the presence of biomarkers, such as abnormal levels of certain factors in a spinal
liquid or Alzheimer's plaques

Ballet And A Wanderer Analysis
In literature, the relationships between characters are crucial to fully understanding the tone and
meaning as a whole. It is through the the contrast of healthy relationships and those which seem to
be toxic that a story can explore characterization. In the short stories "Ballet" by Pete Fromm and "A
Wanderer" by Josip Novakovich, the relationship between characters were on the brink of
destruction, which adds immense amounts of conflict to the plot and leads to their characterization
and development. For example, in "Ballet", the young narrator attempts to mend his parents strained
relationship, due to his father's infidelity, causing their family dynamics to be originally deemed
doomed. Likewise, in "A Wanderer", fourteen–year–old Neda ... Show more content on
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Eventually, he can no longer stand the darkness and his parents hiding their feelings within the
shadows, he longs to turn on the lights which represents forcing his parents to talk about their issues,
no longer pushing them aside. "Maybe all of them, a trail of brightness clear to the ladder, almost
finished porch eaves. Maybe even the Christmas tree" (Fromm 3). Just as Christ is called the light of
the world, the young narrator serves as the light to his family, encouraging them to take a chance
and seek mercy for their past sins. Not only is Flash forcing his parents to unearth the conflict
between them but also is forcing him to become vulnerable to his father, trusting another person
with his concerns and longing for their family to return to the way it was when he was a child. When
Flash, "turned on the headlights", shinning them directly on his father, it symbolized the father's
baptism and his longing to also be apart of this "light" his son believes in (Fromm 7). The father is
tired of standing in the darkness and all of the pain and suffering it brings along with it. Inspired by
his son's actions, he turned on the lights of the house, symbolizing the newfound hope for the
relationship between husband and wife, and the promise that "things always look better in the
morning" (Fromm 7).
Through the use

Mindfulness Training
fixating feelings of loneliness or a low sense of purpose (Shonin et al., 2014a). Mindfulness training
is effective because it provides coping skills to reduce impulses, emotions and stress associated with
gambling urges (Reid, DiTirro & Fong, 2014). Physiological. Over the decades, scientists have
found that physiological changes are evident in those who meditate over long periods of time. A
study by Lazar et al. (2005), showed that long time meditators have a thicker cortex than non–
meditators. The area of the brain evaluated in this study was the right hemisphere, which is the
center of sensory, cognitive and emotional processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) processes were used to measure the cortex of the brain. Researchers concluded that
meditation slows age–related declines in cortical structure, and the respiratory rate and blood
pressure levels were lower amongst long–time meditators (Lazar et al., 2005). Physiological studies
have shown researchers that mindfulness positively alters the structure of the brain (Lazar et al.,
2005). There are multiple benefits of practicing mindfulness techniques. Mindfulness affects areas
of the brain related to perception, body awareness, pain tolerance, emotional regulation, and
altruism, kindness to others, complex thinking and sense of self (Wayment, Wiist, Sullivan ... Show
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Additionally, measures are evaluated on a participant's perception of mindfulness practice, making it
difficult to interpret the data or criteria used to interpret the data (Malcoun, 2008). Furthermore, the
data may be influenced by emotions of the participants. However, it is a quick and easy way to
administer and is a relatively inexpensive method of collecting

Moving Zen, The Pursuit Of Mindfulness
Moving Zen, the Mindfulness for the pursuit of Budo
The purpose of Budo is to discipline yourself physically and spiritually. I would like to explain the
mental attitude to Budo trainings.
Budo trainings or Keiko is the process of self–observation and improvement.
Not trapped by the past that occasionally includes unpleasant memories, and not worried about the
future that can occur ambiguous anxiety, you train yourself. You turn your attention toward the
moment where you are certainly here now. That state of mind represents so called "Mindfulness."
Mindfulness, which has recently been studied in the field of psychiatry and neuroscience, can be
traced back to Yoga meditation originating in India. Meditations of Yoga, after the birth of
Buddhism, were passed out along with Buddhism doctrine to the world, mainly Asia as methods to
reach a spiritual awakening. Zen is one of them. In the East Asia, Zen, with other religions and
ideologies, poured ethics and spirituality into fighting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You would deeply observe and notice each one of your own moves that you take one by one, and
hone techniques. Turning your attention to even the breath, which you physiologically take with
unconsciousness, you would re–recognize and reconstruct every function of the body and mind. The
body you newly steer will be released from habitual actions which have subconsciously bound you
by a transformed frame of mind warped by your past experiences. You would, consequently, obtain
the body you should have owned originally and naturally. ZENDOKAI calls it the "natural" body.
For this reason, ZENDOKAI attaches importance to, what we call, the natural stance you assume
from the body in the natural state. Most importantly, you acquire the natural body which had surely
once been. In this way, you can restore your genuine self through trainings of martial arts with

Mind Wandering
To fully comprehend the extent of the effect mind wandering can have on an individual and their
education we must understand how learning in a classroom–based environment tends to work. Many
educational tools that are used involve discourse comprehension. Discourse comprehension is
explained as an ongoing process where the individual receives stimuli from an external
environment, which is then encoded and translated into terms that can be understood and consistent
with their internal depictions (Smallwood, Fisherman & Schooler, 2007). The most obvious
explanation for mind wanderings negative impact on learning is that it represents a block or
breakdown of the normal coupling or comprehension process between the external stimuli to the
internal representations (Smallwood & Schooler, 2006). Discourse comprehension, or processing, is
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The consequences linked with moderate engagement were that participants showed superficial
encoding, that their answers coincided with their own autobiographical memories. The deepest
levels of engagement with external stimuli involves individuals to read, retain information and then
give a narrative of events occurring beyond the time of the current external input. Mind wandering
during this setting, such as reading, occurs less than during signal detection, about 20–40% of the
time (Schooler et al., 2005). Mind wandering is believed to deny individuals the ability to encode
information correctly meaning that the consequences associated with mind wandering during the
deepest level of engagement are that we produce an impaired building of the initial model given, we
cannot reproduce an accurate narrative of the events. Mind wandering is prevalent across all levels
but more frequent when less attention is required. Similarly mind wandering negatively impacts
recall across all levels, having a slightly different effect depending of the level of engagement but
having the worst impact on tasks requiring a deeper level of

Restless Mind Spending Body Analysis
Section 1:
Name: Maha Naim
Email Address: Mnaim2013@fau.edu
Phone Number: 954–651–5737
Student ID: 23284219
Course Instructor: James Jakubow
Date: November 19, 2014
Section 2:
Title of Article: Restless Mind, Restless Body
Author(s): Paul Seli, Jonathan S. A. Carriere, David R. Thomson, James Allan Cheyne, Kaylena A.
Ehgoetz Martens, and Daniel Smilek
Title of Journal: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition
Volume: 40
Page: 660–668
Year: 2014
Section 3:
Introduction:
This experiment is primarily focused on how the mind focuses on content with other factors playing
during the encoding of it. The full maintenance of a task and measure of mind wandering was
recorded to take note of how the brain is able to multiple tasks at once. A correlation is attempting to
be made between mental restlessness and behavior. Things such as fidgeting and daydreaming are
trying to be linked together for a better understanding of motor and mental behavior.
Method: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would then be correlated to recordings of any motor behavior exhibited by the subject. The
probes would be based off of a scale which would show levels from one to five, the higher the
number, the less focused the subject was on the task presented. This would also be further supported
by the observance of any fidgeting in relation to the mind wandering further and further away from
the current

Two Poems About City Life by Liz Lochead
Two poems about city life by Liz Lochead
Liz Lochead has written two poems about city life, one being Laundrette which is set in an area of
Bristol which is full of bedsits, meant for students just renting. The other poem is George Square
which is set in the business district in Glasgow. As the first poem mentioned, Laundrette has a subtle
start as it says 'We sit nebulous in steam' (nebulous meaning hazy or vague). You could almost have
a debate on all the possible places that you 'sit nebulous in steam'. Through the whole of laundrette it
never uses the word laundrette except of course in the title. Quite on the opposite, George Square
starts off straight and plain by saying 'George Square'. This throws the location to a square in a ...
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When saying 'sitting separate' the poet puts 'sitting' and 'separate' on different lines to emphasise the
importance of the words being separate. Straight after that she puts 'close together' on the same line
to say that they're close together.
Both poems have metaphors in, George Square uses 'incurable as cancer' as quite a shocking
metaphor to describe how we can't get rid of flowers and weeds in the city no matter how hard we
try.
Laundrette has a few more metaphors. It has 'our eyes are riveted' to describe how we just stand or
sit and stare intently at the washing machine as if were expecting something to happen to our
clothes. Another metaphor is 'the dark shoves one man in' which uses personification to show how
someone, randomly wandering around comes into the laundrette to get away from the dark.
A good metaphor is 'tee shirts skinned from her wriggling son' meaning how a mother had too pull
the tee shirts off her son who was probably screaming, shouting and trying to get away. One
metaphor, talking about the same person is 'she sees a kaleidoscope' saying about how all the
multicoloured clothes go whirring around the washing machine very much like a kaleidoscope.
'Half lost, his small possessions swim' describes how there is a 'dour' man with hardly any clothes at
all to wash so the washing machine isn't full, creating the image of his clothes swimming around in
all the masses of water looking 'half lost'. The last metaphor is a rather long one, still

Negative Effects Of Smartphones
Smartphone technology has become increasingly affordable and attainable over recent years and has
overtaken other electronic devices as a means of connecting with others on the internet. Owning a
smartphone has become an expectation amongst younger generations, with up to 95% ownership
amongst adults below 40 years old. (Sensis, June 2016). The benefits of this small, versatile device
are clear. Smartphones have massively improved quality of life, especially through easing access to
social media and information online. Consequently, many people are reliant on this device for daily
living with 45% of Australians stating "I can't live without my mobile phone". (Roy Morgan Single
Source Australia, 2015–2016).
However, we may only now be observing the impact of these devices on our minds, particularly in
human cognitive capacity. Cognition can be defined through various constructs, in particular
attentional focus (as measured by Stothart, Mitchum and Yehnert, 2015) and memory (as measured
by Sparrow, Liu, and Wegner, 2011). Both papers show conclusive evidence that smartphones are
detrimental to the cognitive ability of users.
Attention is defined as an allocative resource which is drawn upon by stimulus. These stimuli are
termed exogenous if defined by their salience to the environment or termed endogenous through the
value assigned by the individual. Smartphones can detract from any on–hand task through their
exogenous alerts as it draws attention away from any task on

Surviving Boredom
Surviving Boredom: A Problem That Has To Be Dealt With
"Some it seems simply cannot stand the prosperity of the moment, because it is boring to survive the
moment".
The above is an excerpt from a previous article about boredom. This article however, will focus
more closely on boredom in a wilderness survival situation, because boredom can become your
enemy, and it has to be dealt with.
Your psychological state is incredibly important, and when your mind wanders you essentially
become bored and your own mind may very well become your worst enemy if you let it get the best
of you.
Boredom can cause you to eat more or drink more water. Even in a survival situation you will look
forward to meal times. You have to establish routines like certain times to eat to prevent boredom.
Eating all of your food at one time because you need entertainment is not developing a sense of
normalcy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You may want to revisit your survival pack to make sure you do have certain items that can help
with boredom during a survival situation. Cards, pencils, paper, and even certain games can be
easily packed, and they may end up playing a part in your survival.
If you are prepared with a shelter, tools, food, and water for a few days and/or the means to collect
filter and purify a source then there is not much to do once you are settled in after the first day. After
you have explored the area for hidden dangers, such as predator dens, snake dens and have located a
reliable water source you would settle in.
You would maintain a signal fire and put out other signaling devices, but you should not be
wandering all over the area, because you would be burning energy that cannot you cannot afford to
waste. Wandering without a purpose would also cause you to drink more water and would increase
your chances of an injury or an encounter with a wild animal or

Mind Absenteeism: Annotated Bibliography
References
Barron, E ; Riby, L. M ; Greer, J ; & Smallwood, J. (2011). Absorbed in thought: the effect of mind
wandering on the processing of relevant and irrelevant events. Psychological Science, 22 (5), 596–
601. doi: 10.1177/0956797611404083
This report conducted an analytical study on the possibilities of mind absenteeism and how these are
triggered while trying to analyse what is happening in our thoughts, and how aware is the human
consciousness of mind wandering. This study also explores the direct effect of the external
environment while human subjects conduct a task directed function (Barron, Riby, Greer, &
Smallwood, 2011).
A key finding through this study reflects that as we continue to gather data and evidence that shows
daydreaming restricts our ability to perform a task, currently there is not sufficient information that
completely understand the full ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
K ; Moulton, S. T ; & Schacter, D. L . (2013). Mind wandering and education: from the classroom to
online learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 4 (495), 1–7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00495
The following review article frames the implications and importance of a considerate study on
learning behaviour students in the higher educational system.
For some time, many educational psychologists have conducted investigations on the best ways to
understand and measure learning activity and inattentive responses from students through the on–
line learning experience and the classroom setting. previous research has concluded attentiveness
while learning is dependent on environmental factors and teaching technique (Szpunar, Moulton, &
Schacter, 2013).
It is important to highlight that as mention through the literature that effective learning, best
curriculum delivery and the effects of mind wandering it is an ongoing preoccupation for the higher
education sector so it is obvious that more experimental studies are necessary to adequately
understand learning reasoning and retention in higher

The Wandering Map Activity Really Helped Me Set Everything...
The wandering map activity really helped me set everything out and figure out what has led to what
in my life. I love planning and seeing things visually, as I am a visual learner, so this was honestly a
good fit and little project for me to do. It helped me know a little better that I am where I should be
and I should be majoring in English, based on my categories and themes. Some of the connections I
probably would have never made so I am glad I am able to piece all of it together now. When I say it
helped me know that I should be majoring in English, I don't want you to get me wrong and think
that I just randomly picked English out of all the options in front of me at the time. I wasn't too far
on the fence about not majoring in English and finding something else. Although, I did still have
that little voice in my head that kept saying, "Hey, are you sure about this? You can't even decide
what Chic–Fil–A sauce to use for your fries and chicken nuggets." Yes, thanks little voice, I am
aware I am incapable of making any decisions. I really did feel as though English is the best fit for
my interests though. I felt that then and I really feel that now after looking over the different
categories and themes of my life. I'm still not that interesting and interesting things don't happen to
me, but I was able to pick and dig into my mind to put some things down and connect them. Let's
begin with my thought process. There I was sitting in my Spanish class waiting on class to

The Effect Of Alzheimer's Disease On My Family
In the last year my great aunt was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease along with many other people
worldwide. The diagnoses took my family by surprise because my great aunt had been so healthy up
until she started showing signs of this horrible disease. Naturally my family had so many questions
on what was to come and how this disease was going to affect my great aunt. The doctors gave us
many options and stacks of paperwork that was filled with research over the disease. The statistics
on the disease shocked me to the core. After reading this research, I had so many questions that were
left unanswered, but my biggest questions being why is this horrible disease becoming more
common? Is the disease genetic or hereditary? I had so many questions ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This means that roughly five million Americans are directly affected, not to mention, the family
members of the person diagnosed who have to care for their loved one. I know from personal
experience, that this disease takes a toll not only on the person diagnosed but on the family. The
family has to sit and watch this disease take the life out of their loved one with no way to help. The
effect this has had on my family is why I took it upon myself to do more research and find more
information. Alzheimer's Association states that deaths due to Alzheimer's Disease increased sixty–
eight percent from the year 2000 to the year 2010. (Alz Association) That statistic baffles me
because I cannot help but wonder why this horrible disease is becoming drastically more common
with every passing second. The number of people diagnosed each year is not just increasing in
America but worldwide. The United States is actually not the leading country, but is close behind
Europe, where, Alzheimer Disease is most commonly found. This disease is less common in Africa
and India, but they still have a high percentage of people diagnosed each year. Alzheimer's disease is
known to primarily be found in people over the age of 65, so researchers believe that the cases of the
disease diagnosed are increasing due to population aging. "Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease"
states that worldwide population aging has become a "phenomenon" especially when dealing with
Alzheimer's disease. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that the "...the projected
number of older people (65+) in the world is expected to increase from 420 million in 2000 to nearly
one billion by 2030..." (citation) Researchers believe that since the number of people over the age of
sixty–five is increasing drastically, that the number of diagnoses a year will also increase

Mindfulness Based Meditation Essay
This paper is about my experience with mindfulness based meditation and scientific inquiry of these
experiences. Mindfulness based meditation is describes as technique used to cultivate nonreactive,
non–judgmental and stable awareness of the present moment (Garland and Gaylord, 2009). The end
goal is to sustain this meta–cognitive state for a long period of time. I practiced non–denominational
form of mindfulness based meditation for the first time in my psychology class, which was devoted
towards intellectual and experiential examination of meditation. The practice was conducted in a
group it was instructed by our own professor and it begun at the end of class. There was one
sessions per week and each session was structured meaning it was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These effects of mind wandering has been shown to be inefficient towards learning and this is due to
the fact that while we are engaged in mind wandering our attention is on our internal thoughts and
feelings therefore mind wandering impairs the ability to integrate any new information from the
external environment (Smallwood et al., 2007). Relating this principle to myself it was clearly
evident to me that meditation serves as an antidote for a wandering mind it is beneficial in gaining
wisdom about oneself, experiencing positive emotions and improving day to day learning
(Moneyham and Schooler, 2013).
For the amount of time that I was engaged in anchoring my mind to the current moment I noticed
that there was a constant battle between myself and my mind, meaning there was strong urge to
latch onto the thoughts and find meaning in them rather than just allowing myself to observe these
thoughts. According to Chodron (2013) there are five reasons to meditate and one of the reasons is
to cultivate attention towards every moment in our lives, which is important as she state "that we
have allot of resistance to just being there!" (Chodrom, 2013, p. 4).
During meditation I always felt uncomfortable and I just could not maintain the natural posture of
the body, it really would hurt to have a straight spine without any the back support. According to
Trungpa (2007) if mind and body are

Early Onset Alzheimer 's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease: Early–onset Alzheimer's Disease and Familial Alzheimer's Disease Still Alice
The movie Still Alice, portrays the life of Dr. Alice Howland and her family, as they deal with the
heartbreaking diagnosis and life tribulations of Alice as she deteriorates with early–onset
Alzheimer's disease at 50 years of age. This heartwarming story will touch the hearts and unravel
the emotions of its viewers from the beginning until the end. Alice is a very ambitious and
intelligent linguistics professor at Columbia University. In fact, she starts to notice the she cannot
recollect daily classroom activities, words and at times, she even becomes unable to remember
where she is on her daily runs. Therefore, she starts the process of determining her diagnosis by
seeing a neurologist for answers as to why these things are occurring. First a few short tests are
performed, then the neurologist request Alice to have a PET scan of her brain. Thus, once
performed, he confirms his suspicion of early–onset Alzheimer's disease. Subsequently, after further
family history inquiries, he confirms additionally, that she also has a very rare form of Familial
Alzheimer's Disease (FAD). FAD is inherited, for the fear of that, Alice encourages each of her three
children to be tested. Of the three children, only two get tested, her oldest daughter, Anna and her
son, Tom, her youngest daughter, Lydia preferred not to be tested. Anna tested positive and Tom
tested negative. Since, Anna and

Some Skills For Studying Psychology
Some Skills for Studying Psychology (SSSP)
(2) Mindfulness Video
1. The essence of Dan Harris's personal message regarding mindfulness meditation is that
meditation is good for the brain. It helps to tame the voices individuals hear in their mind. It is a
good form of exercise for the brain and consents the brain to relax from everyday stressing thoughts.
Blood pressure decreases and improves the immune system.
2. (a). In the book "The healing power of meditation: Leading experts on Buddhism, psychology,
and medicine explore the health benefits of contemplative practice.", in the "Chapter: Meditation
and Neuroscience", neuroscientist Sara Lazar shows results in her investigation in a MRI scan,
which shows that the grey matter in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It may change the effect the independent variable has on the dependent variable.
(d). Retrospective measure: A measure in which the data collected was formed through the use of
past events and the recollection of what had happened in the experiment.
2. The primary research question that the paper is attempting to investigate is whether or not going
under training to prevent mind wandering will help the mind to focus on the task on hand. The paper
is investigating whether external distractions may be reduced with the use of a mindfulness training
course. It is exploring whether decreasing external distractions to keep the mind concentrated on a
task may improve and enhance cognitive performance.
3. The primary hypothesis of this investigation is that through the decrease of mind wandering,
performance in tests, Working Memory Capacity (WMC) and Graduate Record Examinations
(GRE) will improve. When the mind is trained to focus on a task, it will lead to the improvement in
the results in the academic ability tests, which signifies an improvement in cognitive capacity and
performance.
The independent variables in this experiment is the level of mindfulness training that is received.
The dependent variables in this experiment are accuracy on verbal graduate record examinations
(GRE), Working memory capacity, Probe–caught task–unrelated thoughts (TUT's), Retrospective
self–reported TUT's during performance of the working memory capacity measure and self–caught

Alzheimer 's Disease And Dementia
We've all heard of it. We've read articles about it and seen it on movies such as "The Notebook."
Most of us have family members or friends who suffer from it. So why is it that most individuals
still don't know what it is? According to the Alzheimer's association, over five million Americans
are living with Alzheimer's disease. It is also noted that Alzheimer's disease is the sixth leading
cause of death in the US, causing more fatalities than breast and prostate cancer patients combined.
With that being said, how many commercials have you seen about Alzheimer's awareness? How
many 5k's and walk–a–thons have you seen advertised opposed to cancer awareness? My purpose
with this paper is to shed light on Alzheimer's and dementia disease and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The medical director will look at that person's medical and family history, ask the spouse or family
member for input about recent cognitive and personality changes, conduct cognitive and physical
testing and they generally get an MRI to examine the brain and rule out any other possible causes
such as a tumor. Alzheimer's disease goes through a variety of stages, progressively getting worse
and more dangerous as the disease progresses. The first stage is stage one and these people have no
impairment. This early in the disease they have no memory problems or at least any that are
apparent to their caregivers or loved ones. In stage two, the person has very mild cognitive decline,
which many would put along with "getting older", these are known the early signs of Alzheimer's
disease. Some forgetful things that someone in stage two might display would be frequently
forgetting where they put their personal belongings such as their purse or eyeglasses. In stage three
people suffering from this disease will have mild cognitive decline, which could include problems
remembering things or problems concentrating in situations such as a test or during a medical
interview. Some more obvious symptoms that a loved one might recognize in stage three would be a
personality change where the person seems to want to be alone or withdraw, being unable to recall
current events or major historical milestones and difficulty performing tasks such as paying bills or

The Dangers Of Alzheimer 's Disease
One of mankind's greatest threats to its wellbeing is Alzheimer's disease. This disease has plagued
mankind for centuries and mercilessly strips people of their independence and intelligence. What
makes this disease so dangerous is the fact that humankind has only recently begun to truly
understand how it functions, this means that humankind currently has no defense against said
disease. Why does mankind only now understand Alzheimer's disease if it has been around for
centuries? The reason is due to the lack of knowledge of the disease, especially by the public. If one
were to go back only fifty years ago they would see just how little attention Alzheimer's disease
received; few people knew about it and even fewer were; concerned enough to actually bother
learning about it. Logically this brings to mind the question: what caused this relatively sudden shift
in perception of the disease? It is no coincidence that the disease is now widely known and
identified as a threat by the public and doctors alike. Several factors caused this shift to happen.
Everything starts with properly informing the public about these types of issues, for this reason, this
paper will serve the purpose of properly informing the reader on Alzheimer's disease. To do this, it
will go back to the very beginning and trace the timeline of the disease. Once this basic foundation
of understanding is created, the paper will begin to delve into the complexities and causes of the
disease, and ultimately

Richer Living: A Brave New World
By the simple act of opening our minds as it stretches its dimensions, we can roam from clouds to
clouds, from epoch to epoch. Utopia is a phantasmal place, full of felicity that anyone desires. Just
like a paradise which can open the gates for us to feel enough as we touch the vast skies and to have
richer living. 'Richer living" is a life of simplicity and peace, a life that is sensitively aware of these
possessions and experiences that feed our minds and satisfy the soul–life of simple needs and fewer
wants, belonging to a man who's at peace with conscience and everything, except perhaps hunting
tigers and lions in the African jungle – even though I have never been to an African jungle and much
less hunting tigers and lions. I cannot conceive of anything more thrilling, and more fascinating than
an adventure in Utopia.

Cognitive Disorders And Its Effects On The Brain
Cognitive disorders involve problems in memory, orientation, level of consciousness, and other
cognitive functions (Huang et al., 2015) . These difficulties are due to abnormalities in neural
chemistry, structure or physiology originating in the brain or secondary to systemic illness (Huang et
al.). Patients with cognitive disorders may show psychiatric symptoms secondary to the cognitive
problems, such as depression, anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions and impaired motor
function(Huang et al.). One of the major cognitive disorders is dementia, which results from
impaired cognition, due to damage to the brain. Dementia is an umbrella that describes a wide range
of symptoms associated with a decline in memory and other cognitive ... Show more content on
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As the US population ages, Alzheimer's has increased significantly (71%) (AA, 2016). In 2013,
there was over 84,000 deaths from AD in the U.S, however in 2016 the mortality rate doubled to
700,000 (AA, 2016). Among people age 70, 61% of those with AD are expected to die before the
age of 80 compared with 30% of people without Alzheimer's (AA, 2016). Most common risk factor
for Alzheimer's disease is age, however additional risk factors include gender (women) and genetic
and biological contributions. An estimated 3.2 million women aged 65 and older are living with
Alzheimer's. Among those aged 71 and older, 16 percent of women have Alzheimer's compared with
11 percent of men (AA, 2016).
The abilities and interest of someone with dementia will change over time. There have been
increasing reports of non–cognitive symptoms, including loss of motor function in older persons
diagnosed with Alzheimer's. It is estimated that up to 50% of older persons may have some elements
of motor impairments by the age of 80 years, however this would suggest that it would be even a
greater percentage for people living with dementia (AA, 2016). Motor impairment can include
reduced gait speed, loss of muscle strength and bulk, and reduced balance, as well as dexterity (AA,
2016). Loss of muscle strength and bulk is common in Alzheimer's patients and is recognized as a
prominent feature in older individuals. Morphologic studies

Effect Of Mind Wandering On The Processing Of Relevant And...
References
Barron, E ; Riby, L. M ; Greer, J ; & Smallwood, J. (2011). Absorbed in thought: the effect of mind
wandering on the processing of relevant and irrelevant events. Psychological Science, 22 (5), 596–
601. doi: 10.1177/0956797611404083
As outline on this study mind wandering emerges in the human mind through direct effects from the
external environment (Barron, Riby, Greer, & Smallwood, 2011).
This report conducts an analytical study on the possibilities of mind wandering and how these
activities are triggered, analysing what is happening in our brain, and how aware the human
consciousness is while operating at this time (Barron et al; 2011).
This study also reflects that, as we continue to gather data, evidence shows daydreaming restricts
our ability to perform tasks (Barron et al; 2011).
Currently is unclear how mind wandering as a mental process occurs in the brain, and it would be
useful to know why mind function stops a task process, what other functions that do not know of,
are effected by distractor processing–stimuli and allows mind wandering to take over (Barron et al;
2011).
Swallwood, J ; & Schooler, J. W. (2006). The restless mind. Psychological Bulletin, 132 (6), 946–
958. doi: 10.1037/0033–2909.132.6.946
This article reviewed academic concepts and evidence based treatments that demonstrates that
daydreaming it mostly a natural human activity that is common within brain activity (Swallwood, &
Schooler, 2006).
Through experimental psychology we can

Psychological Bulletin And Review Will Summarize The Mind...
This Psychological Bulletin and Review will summarize the "mind wandering" during film
comprehension experiment. In the summary, I will be discussing what "mind wandering" is and the
methods used to test this this hypothesis. According to the article, Mind wandering is defined as
attentional shift away from a primary task or ongoing event in the external environment towards
internally task–unrelated thoughts or feelings; it is the equivalent of a daydream. Mind wandering
has been studied in a variety of ways including lab tests, reading books, and performing everyday
tasks. Based on the results of the experiments, tasks that require no thought process at all increase
the occurrence of mind wandering. For example, staring at a screen during an hour and fifteen
minute lecture class will increase mind wandering. But, it is less frequent in tasks that require a little
more brain power such as reading or studying. Researchers then began to ask questions like "would
mind wandering happen during motion pictures that were specifically designed to hold viewers'
attention?" Film makers of commercially produced films apply cinematic devices for the purpose
keeping viewers' attention. Film viewing also involves processing information from several
methods, which aid in keeping attention. Also, films are entertaining so it should keep our attention
for a while. According to the article, there has been some research on the effects of film with mind
wandering; but, the MW rates were not

Longboards: A Short Story
He sat at his desk, playing World of Warcraft, watching YouTube video's. Seven years of the same
thing every day went by. One day he was talking to his longtime friend, Nolan through instant
messenger, these two have know each other for 10+ years. Danny noticed Nolan posting a lot of
longboarding videos. One day he asks Nolan, "Hey man, how fun is longboarding?" Nolan replied,
"it's not very hard once you learn." from there Danny started looking online for longboards. He
asked, "which type of complete would be best to go with first?" "Ehlers Longboards" Nolan said as
he sent the website link to Danny. Danny started searching and learning everything he could about
longboards, watching videos, whatever he could do to learn about the sport, he

The Effects Of Mind Wandering On The Classroom
There has been debate as to whether or not the everyday occurrence of mind wandering affects the
learning of those in higher education. Research has found a connection between mind wandering
and poor meta–cognitive skills therefore leading to a loss of attention in the classroom. Throughout
the course of this essay it will be discussed whether or not mind wandering does in fact have an
impact on learning at a higher education level and if so how it affects it. Other components of the
topic that will be considered are whether there are people that are more susceptible to mind
wandering in an educational setting than others and also the measures used by researchers to find the
connection between student and the amount their minds wander. The costs and benefits of mind
wandering within higher education will be debated and critically evaluated illustrating both sides of
the argument. The essay will be in favour of the opinion that the cost of mind wandering in the
classroom outweighs the benefits and in turn has an overall negative effect on the learning of those
in higher education. Mind Wandering more commonly referred to in everyday life as day dreaming,
is effectively the drifting of the mind from an intended task such as listening to a lecturer at
university to an unrelated idea, memory or other thought. (Smallwood & Schooler, 2006). It has
been suggested throughout much research that mind wandering can be a significant impairment to
ones higher education. It is an

Credence Of Daydreaming In The 1960's
Singer pioneered research into this inner experience of daydreaming and the personal benefits in the
1960's and during the last decade neuroscience and brain imaging have added credence to those
early ideas and his early theories are now seen as being ahead of their time (Mooneyham &
Schooler, 2013). Functional measures of the resting brain provide insights into network properties of
the brain; the fMRI illustrates the 'default mode network', where several structures of the brain show
greater activation at rest than during externally directed cognitive tasks (McMillan et al., 2013).
Researchers Christoff, Gordon, Smallwood, Smith, and Schooler (2009), conducted a study using
experience–sampling probes during mind wandering in the fMRI. They

Research Paper On Oso Bucco
The dinning room was large as was the elegant antique table and the many chairs. There was space
for comfort and conversation and yet a sense of intimacy, probably due to the original genre
paintings on the walls that depicted seasonal and elegant meals and brought the room together. The
first course was anchovies with roasted red peppers, and Italian salad dressing on lettuce leaves.
Then a serving called Barbecue Shrimp that was baked in the oven and messy but delicious. The
main course was Oso Bucco, a very popular Italian dish, but flavored with a spicy sauce that was
concocted by the chef who was born and raised in Southern Louisiana. The vegetables were risotto
and creamed spinach. Three different Italian wines were served throughout the meal, they were
Verdichio white, Chianti Reserve and Santa Margherita Pinot Grigio Ignacio decided that dessert
would be served in the library. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To Barbara they were life that had been recorded, and for each individual who read them, the
purpose they served was personal and variant. Books to Ignacio were the nourishment that makes
living possible and he felt so strongly about it that he said, "Barbara, any book you see that you
couldn't live without, no matter how big or old it is, I want you to have it. We both believe that
books are meant to be desired, enjoyed and occasionally to be loved. The greatest love affair is a
man or woman with their favorite book for they can not only know life but also death. Take your
time and pick out what ever you

Buying Experiences, Not Things By James Hamblin
Have you ever wondered why it seems that we experience two different emotions when it comes to
waiting? Why anticipation and impatience can come from waiting? Why they affect you the way
they do? Writer, James Hamblin, in his business article, "Buy experiences, not things," analyzes the
differences between material possessions and experiences. The purpose of the article is to analyze
the human psychology to discover the difference between impatience and anticipation. Hamblin
gives many examples of different analysis from three psychologists including; Matthew
Killingsworth, Thomas Gilovich, and Amit Kumar to further provide evidence supporting his
argument. This sets a tone that both attracts and informs the readers.
Hamblin begins his article by imposing a fact on how the mind works. He states, "Forty–seven
percent of the time, the average mind is wandering."(Hamblin 2014) Given this fact, Hamblin is
suggesting that through–out most of our day our mind enters a state of wandering. This state of
wandering can lead to many different things, one of which being a state of sadness. Many people do
not know this but our thoughts will naturally wander off to deep dark places. Hamblin provides a
significant amount of evidence from many different psychologists who specialize in the neurological
stance of the brain. Hamblin then starts to talk about "Living in the moment". What he means by
"Living in the moment" is cherishing the moments you have now and not focusing on the

The Theory Of Mind Wandering

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