1. The document discusses embedded systems, which combine computer hardware and software to perform specific functions within larger systems or devices. 2. Embedded systems differ from general purpose computers in that they are designed for specific applications rather than being generic. Real-time embedded systems have strict timing constraints for completing tasks. 3. Common components of embedded systems include processors, memory, inputs and outputs. Design considerations include processing power, memory, cost, lifespan and reliability. C programming is commonly used for developing embedded system software.