This chapter discusses public speaking and how it compares and contrasts with conversation. While both involve organizing thoughts and adapting to an audience, public speaking requires a more formal structure and language as well as a different method of delivery. It also outlines the speech communication process involving a speaker, message, channel, listener, and feedback. It notes that a listener's frame of reference can impact how a message is received and that stage fright is a common anxiety for public speakers that can be reduced through preparation, positive thinking, and visualization. The chapter emphasizes avoiding ethnocentrism when speaking to different cultures through respecting others' values and perspectives.

1. chapter 1 Speaking in Public

2. Public Speaking & Conversation Similarities: Organizing thoughts logically Tailoring message to audience Telling story for maximum impact Adapting to feedback

3. Public Speaking & Conversation Differences: Public speaking more highly structured Public speaking requires more formal language Public speaking requires different method of delivery

4. Speech Communication Process Speaker Message Channel Listener Feedback Interference Situation

5. Speech Communication Process

6. Frame of Reference Sum of person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, attitudes

7. Frame of Reference Everything said is filtered through listener’s frame of reference No two people have same frame of reference

8. Stage Fright Anxiety over prospect of speaking in front of audience

9. Reducing Speech Anxiety Acquire experience Prepare, prepare, prepare Think positively

10. Reducing Speech Anxiety Use power of visualization Know that most nervousness is not visible Don’t expect perfection

11. Positive Nervousness Controlled nervousness that helps energize speaker for presentation

12. Visualization Picture yourself giving successful speech

13. Critical Thinking Focused, organized thinking Relationships among ideas Soundness of evidence Differences between fact, opinion

14. Ethnocentrism Believing one’s group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

15. Avoiding Ethnocentrism Respect listeners’ cultural values Adapt messages to audience expectations Imagine yourself in place of listeners

16. Avoiding Ethnocentrism Be alert to feedback Listeners also have to avoid ethnocentrism