This document summarizes the standardization and classification of endodontic files. It discusses how endodontic hand files were first standardized by Ingle and LeVine to have a constant taper and diameter increments of 5 or 10. Files are now numbered from 10-140 based on tip diameter in hundredths of a millimeter. The shaft extends 16mm from the tip and tapers 0.32mm. Common file types discussed include K-files, K-flex, Flex-R, Hedstroem, Safety H, Hyflex, Unifiles, and S-files. Each file type has a unique cross-section or design that provides specific advantages for root canal shaping and cleaning.

1. SUBMITTED BY:-
RUHANI DAULTANI
BDS THIRD YEAR
(2017-18 BATCH)
GUIDED BY:-
Dr. Bharat Bhusan
Dr. Khushboo Barjatya
Dr. Preene Juneja
Dr. Binti Chand
Dr. Abhilasha M. Tripathi
Dr. Hariom Meena

2.  Introduction
 Standardization of endodontic file
 Colour Coding of files
 Classification
 Hand operated files
 Conclusion

3.  Endodontic hand files are manually operated
instrument used for cleaning and shaping of
root canal therapy or any other endodontic
procedures.
 Ingle and LeVine, were the first to suggest a
definite increment in diameter as the size
progressed while maintaining a constant
taper of all blades regardless of size.

4.  Instrument must be numbered from 10-100.
 Number to advance by 5 from 10-60 and then by 10 from
60-100.
 In a revised number, 6,8,110,120,130 and 140 is added.
 Each number shall be representative of diameter of
instrument in hundredths of milimeter at the tip.
 Working Blade shall begin at tip, designated as D0 and
shall extend exactly 16 mm shaft terminating, designated
as D16.
 D16 diameter shall be 0.32 mm greater than D0.
 Tip angle shall be 60-100 degree.
 Instrument handle are colour codedfor easier recognition.

7.  K-type files
 K-flex files
 Flex-R files
 Hedstroem/H-files
 Safety H files
 Hyflex file
 Unifiles
 S-files

8.  In early 1990’s Kerr
Manufacturing company.
 Used for enlarging the canal.
 Used with rasping or pulling
motion.
 Traditional files are square in
cross-section.
 Have more no. of flutes than
reamers.

9.  Modification of K-file.
 Rhomboidal or diamond
shaped.
 Increases flexibility and
cutting efficiency.
 Rhomboidal blanks produce
alternating high and low
flutes.

10.  Modification of K-files.
 Cutting tip angle are
reduced.
 It makes the file stayed
more centered within
the canal.

11.  Round stainless steel wire.
 Have higher cutting
efficiency than K-files.
 Should employ only in one
direction, (retraction) and
never torqueing.
 Tear drop cross-section.
 Use for cutting and grinding.

12.  Cross section represent ‘s’
shaped
 modification of H files.
 With non cutting side.
 Protect form ledging.

13.  Double helix cross-section.
 Variation of Unifiles.
 Flutes in double-helix
design.
 Less subjected to fracture
but are less effective.

14.  Grossman’s Endodontic Practice
 Textbook of endodontics by Nisha
Garg