What Were The Pros Of The Vikings

What Were The Pros Of The Vikings
By the Xth century the Vikings (also called ' Northmen') used to raid one European monastery after another (Richards, 2005). The news about that
spread all around Europe and caused much chaos. It was the source of fear and panic among the European lords and Christians (Graham–Campbell,
1980).The Vikings appeared from nowhere, killed people, robbed the monasteries and vanished. They were so impetuous that were considered to be
irresistible tribes. Their actions were described as insulting, appalling and often immoral. They were called 'pagan marauder seamen' (Graham–
Campbell, 1980). The early writings about the Vikings (Richards, 2005) make us aware of the fact that their raids on Europe were mostly devastating
and ruinous. Due to that, a certain stereotype of their being wild, rude, aggressive and destructive prevails in human history. They became notorious for
being merciless barbarians, pirates, ravagers and beasts. But were they really like that? To what extent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They practiced quite a humanistic approach towards the criminals. The criminals were either banished or imposed with a financial compensation: no
death sentence was implemented. The Alping was an effective foundation of a further national government. Besides the political and law issues, the
Alping dealt with commercial and trade issues as well. (Short, 2010) Along with being good warriors and accomplished seamen, the Vikings were
skillful jewelers and sculptors (Graham–Campbell, 1980). The Norse culture influenced much on the European art and language. For instance, Irish
architecture and sculpture is full of Viking ornaments and carvings, English vocabulary is full of Norse words, etc. (Short, 2010). Such evidence
contribute much to the positive construction and interchange rather than violence and destruction attributed to the
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The Vikings Age : The Collapse Of The Viking Age
The notorious Vikings were an influential force in ancient history leaving death and destruction in their wake for hundreds of years until their reign of
terror ultimately collapsed. Who the Vikings were and how they were capable of traveling hundreds of miles during the Middle Ages by using water as
their mode of transportation is a question that archaeologists and explorers have long tried to answer. The Viking Age started in 800 A.D., inhabited by
people from Scandinavian and nearby countries, and collapsed a few hundred years later (Ogilvie, Barlow, and Jennings 35). Although a relatively short
period, the Vikings' impact was significant and archaeologists still strive to unravel the mysteries that shroud their lore, legend, and ultimate collapse.
Scientific research and artifacts prove that the Vikings colonized Greenland, Iceland, and Newfoundland around the 9th and 10th centuries (Godfrey 35;
McGovern 331). Evidence substantiates that the Vikings were the first Europeans to reach North America due to their exceptional shipbuilding
technology, seafaring skills, and merciless determination to achieve wealth and resources. However, their heinous principles and ruthless greed initiated
the demise of their social complexity and subsequent collapse of their terrorizing reign.
Anthropologist, archaeologist, and author Dr. Brigitta Wallace notes Vikings descendants documented their oral history in two written stories, Erik's
Saga and The Greenlanders' Saga, and although they

Medieval Masculinities : The Viking Age
The Scandinavian Late Iron Age, popularly known as the Viking Age, is often represented by pre 1960's archeology as deeply and inherently male, with
male aggressiveness as the ideal presented to the public, leaving little room for alternative gender roles in the popular imagination. However, Dr. Lisa
Bitel of the University of Southern California stated,
"Women participated more fully and freely in both the settling of Iceland and in its written history than in any other migration of peoples within
medieval Europe. ...Some Scandinavianists have argued that in Iceland Europeans had a chance to experiment with social and political organizations
unencumbered by the customs of the homeland; other scholars believe, however, that the Icelanders brought with them to the new land the customs of
the old, including gender relations."
In 1990, Fordham University hosted a conference on gender and medieval society, focusing on the issue of feminist studies as a frame from which
medieval ideas of "manhood" are approached. In 1994, Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages was published as a result of that
conference. A number of researchers contributed essays on the changes in definitions of masculinity during the medieval period, and looking at
masculinity as another lens through which gender is to be approached, rather than a normative state to compare against in relating the lives of women in
society. The focus was on demonstrating that the hegemonic

Viking Culture : The Vikings Of The Viking Period
In order to examine the Viking period, one need to know how the vikings became vikings and that they were ancient Scandinavian people who lived
from late 8th century to early 11th century. Vikings originated from what is now modern day Denmark, Norway and Sweden. They were
warriors,fighters, inventors, merchants, that had a huge impact on the European history. They settled in many parts of Europe, and even as far as Asia.
When people hear the word "viking" they usually think about massive, violent creatures who travelled around Europe to fight and destroy European
countries, but did they? Before discussing what happened to them, it is helpful to know who they were. Vikings age were defined as the years between
793 and 1066. It was during the time that Northern people had the largest impact on other Europeans. Such as trade, and through viking raids.
There are actually a lot of misinterpretations about the Vikings. The Vikings were originally not from one country, but three– Norway, Sweden and
Denmark. The three countries that were in union before they dissolved and turned into three dependent countries. The viking period goes way back in
time. From around 800 a Kr, crowds of Norwegians, Swedish, and Danish people went on something called depredations around in Scandinavia. The
Vikings robbed goods and gold, but at the same time learned a lot of new things wherever they travelled to. There was also a vast number of
Scandinavians who left their homelands to seek fortunes

The Vikings : The Invasion Of The Vikings
The Vikings, and is referred to as the Germans, the Romans threat is the last one barbarian tribes in Europe. From their home Scandinavia spread, they
will be in a dragon boat (because in this leading the carved on the bow and stern of the boat and get this title) across the ocean and suddenly attack.
They would have made a raid and then wash first, in any big fight before the arrival of the troops to attack will be to retreat, but their ways are
gradually become bolder. Later on, they even conquered and settled in important areas in Europe.
They will not hesitate to kill a pagan priest and plunder the property of the church. Generally, people will fear in their cruel and brutal, they are like the
devil from hell. At the time, they are excellent craftsmen, sailors, explorers and merchants.
The Viking's home is in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Their descendants and once controlled the most of the Baltic inland of Normandy, France,
Russia, Britain, Sicily and southern Italy and parts of the Palestinians. They found that Iceland in 825 (the Irish monks there already), and settled in
875.In 985, they colonized in Greenland. There is strong evidence that, before Columbus discovered the new world they had reached Newfoundland
and explore the part of North America.
"Viking" this noun from northern Europe ancient word "Vik", meaning, "harbor", "little bay". The 9th century Scandinavian used the word, meaning
"sea expedition". In some parts of Europe, the Viking period of the

How Did The Vikings Barbarians
The Vikings are commonly known as barbarians, evil, sometimes even marauders. However, the Vikings didn't just raid prospering villages or
monasteries. They also spent a lot of time exploring overseas. While the rest of Europe was squabbling over what land belongs to who, the Vikings
were isolated, all alone on their three little peninsulas. This left them plenty of time to expand their knowledge on ships and navigation. It also led them
to bring ships into their culture. Viking long–ships were lean, speedy, lightweight ships that could easily cut through the most vicious waves that the
ocean could throw at them. The Norse people were separated from mainland Europe by the North Sea. As their nation advanced they built longships
and started exploring the ocean. "The Viking longboat was the key to the Vikings success in traveling." (Legends and Chronicles, Paragraph 14). This
made the long–ship a very valuable and important asset to the Vikings. The longships were so fast and nimble, they were great for transportation of
soldiers and merchandise.At the time, no other civilization had been able to achieve such an amazing naval feat. this gave the Vikings a great advantage
over medieval combat, political affairs, and even the trading industry. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of using a saw to split the wood, they would use their axes. The Vikings would firmly attach the planks to the sides of the keel by employing
strong iron nails as a fastener. Unlike many of the ships in that age, the Vikings would use the "clinker" method, . The Viking's unconventional "clinker"
method included overlapping the planks one after another to create a smooth exterior for the ship. One clever way of preventing leaks was, to dip a
wool string in tar and force it "between the planks to prevent leaks." After securing a good exterior and leak–proof sides, the Vikings would then attach
floor boards and rowing benches to the

Vikings And Blacksmithing Essay
Have a minute? Good. Because that may be all it takes to learn about Vikings and blacksmithing. Vikings killed numerous bishops, monks, and priest
no matter what age they were. And for every fatality, they each had a weapon to strike fear in the christians. Yet such weapons were crafted by a hand of
a Viking, however, blacksmiths not only made weapons they also crafted jewelry, tools, decorations, andnails. Vikings attacked and looted monasteries
and the town, where they looted vast amounts of gold and other valuable objects. While the Vikings were often portrayed as violent cruel creatures for
messing with those who weren't able to defend themselves or protect their most valuable items within the chapel. The Vikings thought process on
raiding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first metals used from the vikings blacksmiths were bronze, from copper and tin ore, and iron, however, iron was a stronger metal and was simple
enough to get (Morette, Procter, Ryder, and Wight, P.g 34). As for a blacksmith the most common choice for fuel for smelting the ore or other metals
was coal; mostly, blacksmiths used various kinds of tools such as; hammers were used for bending or shaping of other metals, tongs were used for
lifting hot metals, shears were used for cutting, moulds an outline for weapons or other tools, wedges were used for splitting or holding, and an anvil
that is used for a flat surface for metals (Jones, P.g 48), and the vikings also made horseshoes. In the article, The Evolution of Materials in Arms and
Armors: The Viking Seax Knife, one of the major beginnings of blacksmithing was the founding of the bellow which was used for the coals to burn
even at a higher temperature by using air flow through the flame having enough oxygen for fuel.(Morette, Procter, Ryder, and Wight, P.g

Vikings Essay
VIKINGS EINHERJAR – THE CHOSEN ONES
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Kenneth Dunn
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History 115 Professor Gordon "Never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now suffered from a pagan race. ... Behold, the church of
St. Cuthbert, spattered with the blood of the priests of God, despoiled of all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The definitions range from "pirate", describing the actions of the raiders from Scandinavia; some say it is a reference to the people from Viken (Oslo
Fjord); still others use the word to describe the entire ethnic group originating in the Scandinavian countries of Norway and Sweden.
(http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0217_040217_vikings.html) The word "Viking" is actually derived from "the Old Norse word
vikingar" and "is exclusively applied to men, usually those who sailed from Scandinavia in groups to engage in the activities of raiding and trading in
Britain, Europe and the East." (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/women_01.shtml)      Even though the
definition suggests that women could not be Vikings, evidence suggests that women maintained an honored and important role in their society,
remaining behind while the men went trading, Viking, or hunting to keep the children and homesteads safe. The women had to ensure that their food
would last through the long, cold winters of their homelands. They were expected to have a thorough knowledge of herbs for medicinal purposes and
were responsible for the success of the farm while the men were away. (http://www.viking.no/e/life/ewomen.htm) Fortunately for the women, who
married between the ages of 12 and 15 years, "the Vikings lived in

The Period Of The Roman Empire
During the eighth century, Europeans were experiencing one of the most peaceful periods in history since the fall of the Roman Empire. Starting around
the ninth century Europe, however, this would begin to change. The vikings were feared marauders that preyed upon all manner of coastal settlements.
Paying no heed to the religious value placed upon certain sites, such as monasteries, by the local inhabitants, they at times ransacked and pillaged
indiscriminately, taking valuable goods with them as their plunder. Despite an apparent disregard for the sanctity of religious sites, their own religion
played an important and fundamental role in the lives of vikings and their society.
The period of rapid viking expansion, during which viking longboats would sail along the shores of Europe, raiding and conquering sea side towns,
began in the late eighth century. In the year 789, viking warriors began pillaging towns and monasteries, stealing valuable goods and kidnapping
villagers to sell as slaves. These raids began as a complete surprise to their victims. Under the rule of the Charlemagne, King of the Franks and future
emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Europe was experiencing the greatest period of peace since the pax romana and the fall of the Roman Empire. As
such, the inhabitants of the coastal hamlets that the Scandinavians victimised were unprepared for the sudden wave of attacks. Furthermore, the vikings
did not respect the Christian tradition of sparing monasteries and

Essay on There is More to Vikings than Violence
History typically describes the Vikings as the fiercest, most brutal of all the barbarian groups that invaded Europe. Historians agree that the Vikings
were fierce, but was there more to them than that.
The word 'Viking' has been used to identify people who lived in Sweden, Norway and Denmark in early medieval times. In the language Old Norse,
'Viking' means pirate. Sometimes they were known as 'Northmen' or Danes. The Vikings shared a similar heritage as the Saxons, a group of people who
had previously invaded Britain.
The Vikings sailed to other foreign countries because they weren't able to do many profitable things in their own homes. The soil was infertile, and the
land was rocky and covered in ice and snow for most of the year. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Odin was the ?All–father? of all the gods and was extremely wise. He exchanged one of his eyes for wisdom. Other gods and goddesses included Loki
(the trickster god), Freyja (goddess of love and beauty) and Frey (god of fertility and Freyja?s brother).
England, Scotland and Wales were Christian countries, and when the Vikings resettled there, many of them converted to Christianity. However, some
remained faithful to their old religion at the same time. This shows that the Vikings weren?t just killing machines that spent all their time murdering
people and raiding villages. They didn?t just think of war all the time and they actually spent time worshipping gods like we still do today.
In addition, we can see that their culture was important, even down to the clothes they wore. Like most people during that time, the Vikings mostly used
wool to make their clothes. They had to dress warmly because their home was very cold. They dyed the cloth with mineral and vegetable dyes of red,
green, yellow, brown and blue.
Viking men would wear a long woollen shirt and long cloth pants held up by a drawstring or sash. On top of this was worn a sleeved jerkin or a three–
quarter coat with a belt. On their feet they would wear socks and soft leather shoes or long leather boots. In battle, the Vikings would wear an iron
helmet and chain mail to protect themselves.
A Viking woman would wear a long linen dress. It could be either plain or pleated. Over the dress a long woolen

The Father Of Odin : The God Of God
Odin
Odin sat in a throne above the earth where he could see all. He was protected by two ravens called Huginn (thought) and Muninn (memory or mind).
Odin was the god of war, death, wisdom and poetry as well as the sky god. He rode an eight legged horse named Sleipnir. If you died in battle, you
would go to Odin's hall: Valhalla. Odin's wives are Frigg and Jord and his eldest son is Thor, the god of thunder.
Thor
Thor protected the homes of gods with his hammer that caused thunder and lightning. His symbol was an oak tree. Thor is red–haired and bearded. He
is the god of thunder. Thor is the son of Odin and Jörd, and was one of the most powerful gods. it was said that he protected Asgard which was the
home of the gods. Thor had sons Magni and Modi, and with Sif he also had a daughter called Thrud.
Pagans.
Vikings were pagans, which means they believed in many gods. Some of the gods most significant gods they believed in were Andvari–the guardian of
treasures, Balder–Aesir god, Freya–the goddess of sex, Njord–the god of wind and sea, Odin– the god of war, Thor– the god of thunder and lighting,
and many more.
Beliefs
Vikings believed that gods palaces were made of gold and silver. They also believed that there was a place, in the middle of the earth that was inhabited
by giants. Although gods were amaing to the Vikings, and they believed they had magical powers, they still believed that the gods ooked just like
normal people, they had flaws, and they had feelings like

The Viking Society and Culture
"We and our fathers have now lived in this fair land for nearly three hundred and fifty years and never before has such a terror been seen in Britain as
we have now suffered at the hands of a pagan people. Such a voyage was not thought possible. The church of St. Cuthbert is spattered with the blood of
the priests of God." These are the words of Alcuin of York, an Anglo–Saxon scholar, describing the first recorded presence of Norsemen warriors and
their attack on Lindisfarne, a holy monastic undefended island of the coast of England in 793 A.D. This attack by pagans from Scandinavia introduced a
new kind of warrior to the known world and established a new chapter in history known as the Viking Age. From this moment and for the next ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the moment a Norsemen is born, one's own death was already chosen by fate. Nothing could be done to alter this moment. But it was understood
that a man had complete control over his decisions while alive, and his actions were only of his own doing. Therefore, one ought to make the best of
every moment, fully charging at life's challenges. Either the worst that could happen was death which was out of one's control or the most desired
outcome could take place which was increased honorable reputation and fame. An example of this is presented in Sverris Saga about King Sverrir of
Norway and his words to his army. The king told a story about a farmer who accompanied his son to the warships and gave him counsel, telling him to
be, "valiant and hardy in perils," saying, "How would you act if you were engaged in battle and knew beforehand that you were destined to be killed?"
the son answered, "Why then should I refrain from striking right and left?" The farmer said, "Now suppose someone could tell you for certain that you
would not be killed?" The son answered, "Why then should I refrain from pushing forward to the utmost?" The farmer said, "In every battle you fight,
one of two things will happen: you will either fall or come away alive. Be bold, therefore, for everything is preordained. Nothing can bring a man to his
death if his time has not come and nothing can save one doomed to die. To die in flight is the

A Viking's Civilized World
Were the Vikings barbaric, or were they civilized? The Vikings were a civilized and organized culture. The Vikings' political system was essential to the
Vikings' everyday lives by giving them a stable lifestyle and a reliable colony.Traditions and religion were an important part of the Vikings' culture.
Their interaction with the environment was crucial to survival in the Vikings and their civilization. Interacting with the environment, the Vikings
managed to locate and design food and shelter. The civilized traits in the Vikings' world were demonstrated through its political, culture, and interaction
with environment. In the ancient days of the Vikings, the political aspect of their world consisted of improving the organization and civilization of the
Vikings' lives; the topics that prove this statement were law, structure, and war. As William R. Short stated, "A system of laws was set up whereby
people were governed by consensus and where disputes were resolved through negotiation and compromise"(hurstwic.org). Short is conveying the idea
that the Vikings had a civilized facet of the political system. Even though the Vikings had an advanced law system, they also had to have a system of
punishment so they would be taken seriously. Short also noted that "Not only was there the psychological terror of loneliness due to exclusion from all
social contacts, there was also the very real threat of violence and death from unrelated third parties"(hurstwic.org). The Vikings were

Vikings
Vikings Close your eyes for a moment. Now imagine that you're an English monk going about your eclectic duties, when a noise suddenly grabs your
attention. You look towards the beach and you see a boat, massive in size and awe–inspiring in appearance, sitting right there on the beach where there
was only sand a moment before. Then armed warriors pour off the boat, five at first, then ten, then fifteen, then twenty. To you, they're giants, a good 4
inches in height greater than you; heavily muscled and of fair hair and complexion, running up the beach towards you, howling, brandishing large
swords and axes and wooden shields more than half the size of your body. It's easy to imagine how those monks' blood ran cold at the sight ... Show
Women enjoyed the right to divorce, not the men. And if marriage ended in a divorce, the dowry was refundable. Also, women were allowed to own
land and were very often left alone to manage it while their husbands went off to barter at markets or went overseas to trade or raid. Social structure
among the Norse wasn't what one could call equal for all. Though class distinctions were not absolute and fixed, they did separate the masses from
those most likely to succeed. Slaves, or thralls, occupied the lowest rung of the social ladder, although prisoners of war, bankrupts, and sons and
daughters of slaves also inhabited this class, though they may not have started there. They performed the most manual tasks on their owners' farms and
could be bought and sold like any piece of property. Depending on the master, a slave's life was not always grim, and it was even possible for a slave to
work his or her way to freedom. Next in line were the Karls, or free peasants, who hired out their services to landowners. Also in this class were
artisans, peddlers, fishermen, shipwrights, small–time merchants, and mercenary soldiers who sold their services to whichever leaders seemed the most
likely to lead them to fame and fortune. The jarls, or chieftains, made up the third rung of Norse society. They owned large tracts of land that they
usually parceled out to karls. The more ambitious of propertied jarls

The Origins Of The Viking Age
One of the most interesting times in medieval history is the era known as the Viking Age. When these fierce sea–borne raiders rummaged and
plundered European sea ports of their valuables and treasures. These Scandinavian inhabitants were known to most of the world as a barbaric group,
when in reality, there style of attacking had more skill than the world had seen. They struck fear and intimidation into their victims and made the whole
European seaboard quake in angst for their arrival. Not only did they want to inflict fear into Europe as well as raid them from their treasures, the
Scandinavians were also looking to expand their kind to other parts of Europe due to the lack of land in Scandinavia. One of the first things most
citizens of the world think of when you say Scandinavian is Vikings. However, this is not 100% accurate. The term "Viking" was not a ethnicity or
group of people, it was a job description. It did not apply to women, children or slaves of the time, only the Scandinavian men. The Vikings were not
illiterate, however, they were also not able to write letters and letters of things they partook in. They did something similar to other Germanic cultures
and used a style of runic inscriptions. In the Viking society, their law was fairly straight forward. They took into account the crime committed, but also
the worth of the victim before dealing out the punishment. Interestingly enough, however, individual rank also played a factor in this decision. For

Individualism In The Vikings
While the Viking Era was rather brief, these infamous Scandinavian brutes left a mark in history larger than they themselves were tall.
The Vikings emerged from the present–day area in Northern Europe known as Scandinavia, which consists of the countries of Sweden, Denmark, and
Norway. Named for their legendary raids, the name "Viking" is said to mean "a pirate raid" and originates from a dead language called "Old Norse",
which was the native tongue of the Vikings.
Contrary to the widely Christian beliefs of the rest of medieval Europe, the Vikings held pagan religious belief, meaning that they were polytheistic and
believed in many gods. These beliefs were flexible and corresponded to each individual Viking.
The beings the Vikings worshiped ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clair–sur–Epte, Charles the Simple, the King of the West Franks, gave Rollo part of the area Normandy, also known as Northman's land, in a bid to
have him shelter it from other Viking raiders. Rollo later expanded his control of the region. He was then succeeded by his son William Longsword
around the time of his death in about 928. In 1066, William the duke of Normandy, another of Rollo's descendants, led a successful invasion of
England; he became known as "William the Conqueror" and went on to serve as king of England until

Trickster In Othello
The Trickster in Two Cultures Across many cultural stories and myths clear character archetypes emerge. One such archetype is the trickster. They are
often characterized by playing pranks and manipulating the people around him. Two specific examples of the trickster are Iago in Othello and Loki
from Norse mythology. In their respective stories these two characters are astonishingly similar. There are of course some differences between two, but
the similarities they have allow for clear correlations to be drawn. This could have implication of cultural sharing between England and Norse
countries. Both Iago and Loki are strikingly similar in their roles as the trickster. Iago as a character is both manipulative and malicious. In Othello Iago
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both in Norse culture and Elizabethan England, honesty and integrity were very important keystones for the role of a man. Men in Norse cultures were
fighters and protectors without their honor or integrity they wouldn't be respected. The same applied to the English though in a less violent way. Iago
and Loki, then, symbolize the antithesis of these ideals. Instead of honesty and integrity they lie to their friends and demean women. Their place as foils
to Othello and Thor leave them without any character beyond their negative traits. For a play written by Shakespeare this is odd, as most characters
have ample development possesing both vices and virtues. Iago is more like the Norse depiction of Loki, a being of evil and mischief, than one of
Shakespeare's characters. This could be an indication that either Shakespeare took inspiration from the Norse people or that the same values existed in
England at the time. The duo could have similar cultural origins in addition to the litany of their other

Viking At Coppergate
Introduction From the 8th century to the 11th century, the Vikings, used their stronghold in the Scandinavian Peninsula, to exploit westward to Iceland
and Greenland, even Canada, southward to mainland Western Europe and southwestward to Britain and Ireland. Tyranny and poor living conditions
might be the main reasons for their invasions (Owen 1999 10). There were two invader sources, one was from Norway called 'Norse', the other was
from Denmark called 'Danelaw'. At the beginning of the Vikings' expansion, piracy and trade were the dominant elements, however, after a period of
time, they began to settle down in their colonies, such as Britain, France, Ireland and Russia. This essay will be focused on contrasting evidence
regarding Viking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is supposed that, at the beginning, the Scandinavians established Jorvik as a military base, however, with the archaeological evidence, it was
originally planned as a permanent manufacturing and trade centre in which it had administrative, commercial and defensive functions (Hall 1990, 82).
York was an ideal settlement where the Vikings, based on the Roman core area, set up a large new street system, although the street plan appeared
originally irregular and was defined by a mixture of topographic and inherited historical features (Hall 1990,

What Are The Vikings Pirates
The Vikings were seen as heathen pirates by those that experienced their attacks. Many people had every reason to be frightened as their warships
sailed from their homelands in Scandinavia. The Vikings were actually several different peoples who lived in we now know as Norway, Sweden and
Denmark. Many people think of them today just as warlike raiders but some were farmers, merchants and architects. Their artists and craftspeople
produced beautiful objects. Many Vikings set off from their homelands in search of new lands to settle and farm, such as Iceland. Other voyages were
carried out for plunder first, then for settlement. Norwegian Vikings began to settle in the islands off the northern coast of Scotland at the beginning of
the

Vikings : The Key Causes Of The Culture Of Vikings
Key Causes of Viking Raids. When thinking of the culture of Vikings, the most significant characteristic that most people think of is the Vikings use of
raids. However, this was not always the case, prior to the prevalence of raids, many Scandinavian and other Viking cultures were primarily traders.
With that brings up the question of what exactly caused the rise of Viking raids? Through an in–depth analysis of religion, the want of wealth and
power, climate change, and even the effects from previous persecutions during this time period, we can see what were the key causes of the Viking's use
of raid warfare. One of the key motivations for the rise of raiding in Viking culture was the want of wealth and power. Most Viking raids were to gain
wealth by plundering, as noted by their, "hit and run" style of warfare tactic (Sawyer, 9). As stated before, prior to the rise of raids, the Scandinavian
economy was controlled by trade. However, due to the rise of silver coinage and an expansion of wealth in England, Scandinavia and other Baltic
regions became the premier exports of fur and skins (Sawyer, 4). This expansion of trade also led to the spread of knowledge. One key aspect, in
particular, was the increase of wealth in other parts of Europe (Sawyer, 7). This connection through trade also gave them knowledge of western
Europe's ship designs, which would greatly influence the design of Vikings ships (Sawyer, 6). It can also be shown that power was a key factor in the
rise of

Essay on the vikings
Viking age has long been associated with uncontrolled piracy, when bandits swarmed out of the northlands in their ships to burn and pillage their way
across civilized Europe. During this period much progress was achieved in terms of Scandinavian art and craftsmanship, marine technology,
exploration, and the development of commerce. It seems the Vikings did as much trading as they did raiding. The title "Viking" includes a
wide description of Nordic people; Danes, Swedes, and Norwegians, who lived during a period of brisk Scandinavian expansion in the middle ages,
from approximately
800 to 1100 AD. This name may be derived from the old Norse vik(bay or creek). These people came from what is now Denmark, Sweden, and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ottar visited King Alfred as a peaceful trader at the same time as Alfred was waging war with other Viking chieftains. The expansion of the Vikings
was probably triggered by a population growth out stepping the capacities of domestic resources. Archaeological evidence shows that new farms were
cleared in sparsely populated forests at the time of their expansion.
The abundance of iron in their region and their ability to forge it into weapons and arm everyone setting off on raids helped give the
Vikings the upper hand in most battles.
The first recorded Viking raid occurred in 793 AD, the holy island of the Lindisfarne monastery just off the Northeast shoulder of England was pillaged,
around the same time, there are recorded reports of raids elsewhere in Europe. There are narratives of raids in the Mediterranean, and as far as the
Caspian Sea. Norsemen from Kiev even attempted an attack on Constantinople, the capital of the
Byzantine Empire. Unfortunately, in the picture handed down to us in written accounts, the Vikings are portrayed as terrible robbers and bandits, this is
strictly a single sided view; and, while the above statement is probably true, they had other traits as well. Some of their leaders were very skillful
organizers, as evidenced by the fact that they were

Common Representations Of Nordic Culture
Common Representations of Nordic Culture and Surrounding Ideologies Through Linguistic Features in Recent Animated Films In many animated
films, accents are used to demonize villains, set characters apart from the group, highlight strangeness, or add to the setting of the film. Then why is that
a more standard American accent used for main characters as apposed to the Nordic or pseudo–Nordic accents of the supporting roles? In this paper, we
will look at the ways in which Scandinavians are portrayed in Disney's Frozen and DreamWorks' How to Train Your Dragon franchise by comparing
the traits of those with accents to those without. Across American animated media representations of Nordic culture, the protagonist and their friends
speak with a standard American accent. For example, in the How to Train Your Dragon films, Hiccup and his friends are portrayed with out a heavy
accent, which stands in strong relief to the voicing of other characters such as Stoick and Gobber. Hiccup, voiced by Jay Baruchel, is made to stand out
from the other Vikings as well as to be made more relatable to the films predominately American audience. The use of accented voicing for characters
such as Stoick and Gobber, voiced by Gerard Butler and Craig Freguson, respectively, is likely intended mainly to create the atmosphere for the film
but also indexes them as hyper masculine Vikings. The movie opens with an intro narrated by the main character, Hiccup. Here he sets the scene for
what life is

Women 's Rights Within The Viking Age
Traditional historiographies and archaeological research perceived the Viking world as being dominated by men with the majority of studies being
concerned with exploring the life and material culture of the male part of the society. There is no denying that archaeology is a discipline which has
traditionally been deeply colored by a predominantly male bias, and the historical dominance of men over women had been accepted to such a degree
that it appeared to be the natural order of things . Popular imagination was of male Viking warriors with their long beards, large axes, colorful shields,
and bloodied swords. The presence of women was limited within the scope of early works. The historiographical study of women's rights within the
Viking Age is in its early stages. The academic fields of gender and women's studies gained greater prominence beginning in the 1970's, coinciding
with the feminist movement. Early gender archaeology can be said to have been a search for women in the past, which was closely tied with the second
wave feminism of the 60s and 70s . It is not surprising that the earliest practitioners in gender archaeology wanted to show that there were in fact
women in the past, and that these women were not just important, they were just as important and integral to the development of cultures as their
contemporary men. From within the framework of these ideas grew some less than reputable pieces of theory, founded on Engels famous citation 'world
historic

The Origins Of The Viking Era
During the Viking Era, expansion to the west, as well as the east, introduced a new wave of technology, industrialization and development, and culture
to the European world. The Viking's expeditions to both were quite similar in that advancements stemmed from their adventures east and west.
However, expeditions from the eastern Vikings (Sweden) were heavily dependent on the usage and development of economic centers, specifically the
Byzantine Empire, powerful and rich in culture, as well as Russia which housed quality materials as well as slaves. The Russian Primary Chronical is
the most important source on the Russian world during that time. In it are descriptions of the Scandinavian relationship with the Russians from the 9th
century. Unlike in the west, where the western Vikings (Norway) plundered and settled, the Vikings were always a minority of the population near the
Baltic. The authors of the chronical assumed that they were the original inhabitants of the land, but in reality, they arrived relatively recently (SSN pg.
3). They came to trade, not necessarily to settle. The wealth and vast resources in the east are what drew the Vikings. Throughout this paper, I will
present both the opportunities as well as the challenges faced by the Vikings during their quests to the East.
According to Roesdahl, what were very important, crucial even, to the economic and social growth of Scandinavia were effective means of
transportation and conventional routes. This goes for both

Viking Raiders Essay
Beginning in about A.D. 800, many Scandinavians sailed south from their homelands to seek their fortunes. These seafaring warriors began by raiding
coastal sites of the British Isles but soon grew more ambitious. During the next three centuries, they left their mark as traders, pirates and settlers on
much of Britain and the European continent. These raiders became known collectively as Norsemen, or "Northmen," though they are better
remembered by another name: Vikings.
Most Vikings came from the regions of Scandinavia now known as Denmark, Norway and Sweden. However, they were not united by race or
nationality. To the people they raided, the Vikings shared several common features. They were great sailors, ferocious fighters, and hailed from ... Show
After 830, though, the Vikings took advantage of conflicts in Europe to extend their activity further inland. In some cases, rulers were willing to pay off
the Norsemen in exchange for being left alone. Viking leaders soon realized they could make deals with kingdoms seeking to be left alone or even
desperate for protection.
By the mid–800s, the lands of Ireland, Scotland and England were attracting Viking settlers as well as raiders. Viking settlers founded Ireland's first
trading towns, including Dublin and Limerick. They used ports on the Irish coast to launch attacks within Ireland and against English

Vikings Tactics
Vikings are famous for a lot of things. They are most famous for their ships. They treasured their ships because it was a part of their everyday life. They
used them for searching, traveling, and many other reasons. Vikings were also famous for sailing far distances. Vikings were also very fierce warriors.
They had strong weapons, and good armor. Vikings also took over lands and prophets. They dressed a certain way, had importance for ships and
developed new tactics that some people still use today. Viking also worshiped many gods and goddess. Amoung the many gods, they believed in Thor,
the god of thunder and Loki, a cheeky mischief–make who could shape shift to become all different kind of animals. The word Viking also means a
pirate raid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a Viking a death for them would into a afterlife and into of the Viking realms. It was this belief that led all of the Vikings to take their time on the
funerals and burials. Trying their hardest to send everyone such as friends, family or fallen comrades to a successful afterlife. There are two alms in
Norse or Viking mythology that was commonly associated with the religious practices of funerals and burial were Valhalla and Helheim. Valhalla was a
place for fallen warriors. Helheim was a place for people that have died from what is considered as a dishonorable death. There was typically two
common ways to bury the dead. The Vikings did practice them at one point. The first method, was called cremation. Cremation is to burn the body at
temperatures so hot that flesh and bone would turn into ash. The ash could then be scattered, buried or sailed out to sea. The second way is inhumation.
Inhumation is when they would bury the body in the ground, and put stones on top of the

Viking Settlements
Viking presence during the period between the 8th and 15th centuries is widely accepted among Scottish historians, but the exact impact on the region
has been strongly debated by scholars because of the lack of archeological evidence of Norse settlements. Within the last few decades new information
has emerged that reinforces the much larger view of a more prominent impact by the Vikings within Scottish history. This evidence points to a longer
period of Viking influence in the areas of linguistics, town names, festivals, advanced metallurgy, and communal settlements.
Though the history of Viking interaction with the people of Scotland did not begin in any specific year, the violent raids on Iona and Portmahomack
brought their presence into focus for the Picts inhabiting the area. The monks at Iona, which was founded by St. Columba in 563 ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
He notes that diet varies by length of stay in one area. For instance, Viking settlements that appear to last for generations tended to have a diet that
included cereal and whole grains because they were able to farm. Short term encampments show a diet rich in wild birds and fish. Jones believes the
evidence of an agricultural Viking society would mean non–aggressive interaction with the indigenous people of Scotland, at least for some groups, and
a steady assimilation into Scottish society.
Other groups began to form trade routes, with artifacts from Uzbekistan, Russia, and Ireland found in Viking settlements supporting this. Neil Price ,
who specializes in Viking–Age Scandinavia, believes there is enough evidence to conclude that Vikings were trading their state of the art swords and
knives for exquisite jewelry and precious stones throughout the

Norsemen Family Circle Analysis
During basketball season my senior year of high school, we did an activity called the "Norsemen Family Circle." In this exercise one person sat in the
middle of a circle, surrounded by the whole team. Each person went around in the circle and gave the person in the middle a compliment, or something
to make them feel better. My coach picked me to be the first person in the circle, and I was not used to getting the compliments that I got from the
underclassmen. Multiple times I got told that I was a great leader and someone that they looked up to, not only as a basketball player, but as a person. In
high school I didn't really receive comments from anyone. I was the athlete that worked my hardest all the time, but never got the recognition

Clothing Used by the Norse Essay
During the Viking era, men worn woolen tunics over trouser type leg coverings. There were at least two types of leg coverings: a wide, knee–length,
baggy type and a narrow, fitted full–length type of trouser. Several finds of trousers dating to the Migration Era at around 400 to 800 AD tell us that the
narrow full length types of trouser were worn by the Norse way back then. A site at Thorsbjerg Mose in Denmark, trousers found more or less intact,
had the sophisticated Migration Era that required three separate pieces cut for the crotch gusset alone. These trouser finds alone disprove any claim that
early period garments worn by the Norse are simple and untailored. The leggings of the Migration Era Thorsbjerg trousers even extended ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most were made from wool and some were even dyed. The sleeves on the smocks tapered at the lower arm, so at the wrists they fit fairly snugly and
they could also be cut in more than one piece to achieve a more complicated taper. Some of the smocks from the Birka, Sweden area had keyhole style
necklines rather than Danish rounded ones. The front and back panels were cut in one piece and weren't sewn together with shoulder seams. On top of
the tunics worn, the Norser wore an overtunic. An overtunic at Evebø, Norway belonging to a jarl's was dyed blue, made of wool, and was decorated at
the neck with tablet–woven wool bands patterned with animals in two colors. The overtunic also had silver clasps, however it is unknown whether they
were cuff clasps or clasps for front of the overtunic. It is most probable that the clasps fastened in the front on the chest like a coat. However, the
overtunics were not coats, as actual coats were worn on the outer layer as weather demanded. There were two basic coat layer types during the Viking
Era used by the Norse. In the most basic terms, there was the "jacket" and the "coat." The jacket was lighter and wrapped around without a fastening
device, while the coat was heavier and buttoned. Viking era jackets have been found in several spots in the Norse–dominated world and appear to have
been a very old tradition. A helmet found at the Sutton Hoo ship burial site had human figures

The Viking Research Paper
The Viking Age was from 800 to 1050 AD ("Where Did They Come From?"). During that time the Vikings attacked, plundered, and created their own
culture in Scandinavia and other islands. The very first Vikings were from Scandinavia and most of them left their homeland to seek freedoms and
fortunes elsewhere (History.com Staff.). There are many famous viking leaders, explorers, and gods. Many people think of Vikings as uncivilized and
bloodthirsty, but many of the things that people think about the Vikings are not true. The very first Vikings made their homeland in Scandinavia
("History Of The Vikings."). The most common occupation for Vikings during the viking age was farming and fishing ("Where Did They Come
From?"). Other Vikings would also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The First places that the Vikings raided were Islands and mainly the coastal cities and villages of the British Isles. Their favorite targets would be
undefended churches and monasteries along the coasts of those islands (History.com Staff.). The Vikings liked to raid those because they usually had
wealth and mainly because they were undefended. In the Vikings' religion, they felt that the religious places would be the most important places to
defend, so during an invasion or attack those religious places would be the most heavily defended and protected

The Vinland Sagas And The Saga Of Eirik The Red
The Vinland Sagas are two Icelandic texts that include the Saga of the Greenlanders and the Saga of Eirik the Red. Both sagas tell similar yet different
stories of Norse voyages to North America, a place they referred to as Vinland. The Vinland Sagas tell how the Norse travelled to North America and
created settlements there until a battle with the natives broke out. The first of the Vinland Sagas is the Saga of the Greenlanders which focuses more on
the voyages and settlements made by Bjarni Herjolfsson, Eirik the Red's children, and Thorfinn Karlsefni. The second part of the Vinland Sagas is the
Saga of Eirik the Red which focuses more on how an outlawed Eirik the Red discovered the modern–day country of Greenland, Leif Eirikson's ... Show
The Vikings were known for being marvelous explorers and the authors of the sagas may have wanted to demonstrate why the Vikings were these great
explorers by writing about the various new lands that they had discovered. Another reason why the authors wrote the Vinland Sags may have been to
honor their ancestors and heritage since the sagas is directed towards an audience of Norse people. These sagas can be viewed as historical texts by the
Norse people of Greenland and Iceland to explain the history of their culture. For example, the audience can understand why Leif Eirikson spread
Christianity in Greenland, which can also explain why the people of Greenland practice the faith that they do.
The Vinland Sagas take place between 970 to 1280 CE, but were not written down by scholars until the thirteenth century. When it comes down to
questioning the reliability of the Vinland Sagas, it ultimately depends on asking what the Vinland Sagas are reliable for. One can see this as a reliable
source to understand how the Norse people created their societies and settlements.
Problems will occur with all historical documents. When it comes to the Vinland Sagas, one problem that

What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain
What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain?
Shortly before the ninth century, North–west Europe was exposed to raids and attacks from the Scandinavians. They had discovered the wealth that
could be obtained from the richer communities of Britain and Frankia, both in currency and natural resources (the latter being found especially in
Ireland). As time went on, during the course of the ninth century, the leaders of the attacks on these countries grew more ambitious and soon there were
different motives for raiding these places. Many leaders had become content to stay and settle permanently in these abundantly richer countries. This
process of Viking settlement led to the integration of two cultures, between the peoples of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soon after, Orkney, Shetland and the majority of the western Isles had fallen to the new Scandinavian settlers. In 839, the Vikings had enjoyed a major
victory in which the King of Fortriu, Eogan mac Oengusa and the King of Dal Riata, Aed mac Boanta were both killed in battle. In 867 the Vikings had
seized control of Northubria forming the Kingdom of York . Which is also mentioned in the Annals of Ulster; "The dark foreigners won a battle over
the northern Saxons at York." Approximately three years after, Dunbarton was also taken over as well, leaving a newly combined Pictish and Gaelic
kingdom which had been brought together by Cinead mac Alpin ( or more commonly known as Kenneth Alpin), leaving the Kingdom almost entirely
encircled by the new Scandinavian settlers
The usual perception of Vikings plays reference to their role mainly as raiders, being disruptive and destructive. However conquerors and colonists
made a more positive contribution by encouraging commerce, the growth of towns and re–shaping political structures. We can see this by the fact that
much of North England had been

Beyond The Northlands : The Vikings And Their World
1171
Beyond the Northlands: the Vikings and their World
Eleanor Barraclough
Word Count: 1941
Compare and contrast the Frankish annals AND the Irish annals as sources for Viking history.
Considerable difference and similarity can be observed in the records of the Vikings and the different peoples that they interacted with. This largely has
to do with geography, as the landscape of Viking Age Norway, Denmark, and Sweden were divided and rugged; this lead to various groups of people
vying for power. When a person or group lost a power struggle, they would often use the waterways of the North Sea to gain access to potential raiding
lands. The seafaring technological advances of previous centuries enabled interaction between the raiders of Sweden, Norway and Denmark and the
peoples of Ireland and the Carolingian Empire. Because of the technological advances and geographical situation, the Viking raiders were able to
interact with many different peoples but also come from the same fundamental background. This caused a multitude of similarities between the Viking
activity in the Carolingian Empire and Ireland, but there were also many differences.
Due to the fact that the Carolingian Empire and Ireland were both Christianized by the time of the Viking Age, both countries utilized writing to
describe their interactions with the Vikings. While both countries annals have resemblances – such as raids and plundering leading to settlement – they
also have considerable differences.

The Battle Of The Sea
The sea roiled as waves lapped hungerly against the approaching Snekke class long ship. It 's sanguine stripped sail flowed eagerly in the strong breeze.
Lightning split the sky with bolts of terrifying power. The ionic cleansing of the air bringing about a sense of change and clarity before a storm of a
different nature began.
" Thor is pleased with us! Listen to how he works his anvil! The god 's are with us today! "
The giant warriors aboard the ship roared in agreement thrusting fist and axe into the sky. Not all of them were men, about a quarter were women who
stood nearly six feet tall. In the Norse Germanic pagan society, women were equal to men and were not denied the chance to find glory on the
battlefield. To the Danes, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All fifty raiders grabbed their great circular wooden shields off the sides of the boat, and leapt over the side with sword and axe in hand. Leif stood
before them, his glacier blue eyes alive with the might of the gods.
" Fight as if it were your last! The All Father is with us! Our families at home await our triumphant return just as much as our ancestors look forward to
sharing ale with us in Valhalla! Show no fear to these Westerners as they are but frightened deer before us! Protect the brother beside you and fight with
honor!"
With that Leif started slapping the head of his axe against the metal dome which rested in the center of his shield. When the other Norse men did the
same, it created an intimidating beat of war. They approached the village in a shield wall formation, in five columns. The men in front carried pilums to
skirmish with, while the hirdman made up the middle. A few huscarls who joined them took up the flank of the brigade, each of them holding a two
handed Dane axe, capable of crushing through both shield and armor alike.
The distant bell of alarm began to sound. No doubt they were spotted before reaching the shore. Sure enough, the first wave of defenders were ready to
meet them just beyond the beach head. The midgets of Britain had superior steel this much was known, but they lacked the strength and spirit of the
Northman. The Vikings like

The Origins Of The Viking
The term Viking commonly relinquishes thoughts of ship–born warriors and pillagers known as the Norsemen, or men from the north, who originated
in Scandinavia and raided the coasts of Britain, Ireland and mainland Europe as far east as the Volga River in Russia from the late 8th to 11th century.
The terminology of the Viking has also been denoted by historians as entire populations of Viking Age Scandinavia and their settlements. Although the
Norsemen are infamous for their pillaging and plundering they were also intensely focused on establishing sufficient trade routes throughout Europe
and implementing economically sustainable villages with functional currency. Although the barbarian invasions undoubtedly deepened the initial
economic crisis and the emergence of the barbarian kingdoms made traveling less safe which accelerated the collapse of long distance trade. At the
same time also declining the importance of the cities as cultural and trade centers. The claim that the barbarian invasions resulted in a long tenured
period of general economic and cultural decline can be argued against with sufficient evidence. Considering the economic crisis started much earlier
and could not be reversed neither by the reforms of Diocletian nor of Constantine. It was not until after this initial depression that the extensive trade
routes of the Norsemen were able to redefine Europe economically and culturally.
The established Norse trade network included trading relationships

Similarities Between The Vikings And The Viking
In Norse society, the word Viking meant a sea–borne raider. It was used similarly to the way we use the word "pirate". To go a–viking meant to
undertake sea–borne raiding. The word itself was a job description and did not pertain to everyone. The word Viking did not apply to women, children,
slaves or others who did not go raiding. It wasn't until the nineteenth century when the word passed into common English usage, where it has come to
be used to describe the people of Scandinavia in the period from the late eighth to eleventh centuries, not just for those who carried out the sea–borne
raiding. In some ways, the Vikings were not that different from their European contemporaries. Scandinavian social hierarchy involved kings and
chieftains who protected and controlled certain regions which is very similar to the Carolingian models. Like other European kings, their titles were
usually heritable. Another similarity between the Vikings and their European contemporaries is that they both had slaves. Most slaves in Scandinavia
and Iceland were house slaves and shared in the regular work of farming households, which is similar to serfdom in Medieval Europe. The Vikings also
had laws set in place and held legislative and judicial gatherings like many other European societies during this time. Despite these similarities, there
were some major differences between the Vikings and their European contemporaries. For starters, women in Norse society had more freedom. Unlike
most other

The VikingsAttacks And Invasion Of The Vikings
From approximately 793–1066 BC, large groups of Scandinavians left their homelands and set out on raiding sprees and voyages of exploration all
throughout the coastal sites of Britain, within continental Europe, and throughout other islands. While the exact reasons for the Vikings' raids and
explorations are unknown, many speculate that overpopulation in their homeland, their knowledge of shipbuilding and navigation techniques, the desire
for trade, the growing economy, and internal conflicts of Europe were all key motivators. Further, while the Vikings are no longer a live group of
peoples, there are an abundance of long–term effects still found within the lands they settled.
Known as Scandinavians, seafaring warriors, Vikings, and Norsemen ("Northmen"), this famous group of raiders was not made up of a single race.
Collectively, Vikings came from areas that are now known as Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In fact, the word "Viking" came from Scandinavians
themselves. The Old Norse word "vik" means "bay or creek," and the word "vikingr" denotes "pirate" (History.com Staff).
However variant the Vikings homelands were, they all shared a few common features that made the Europeans fear them. First, they all came from a
land that was foreign to those they raided. Worse, they were not civilized in the same customs, and they were most definitely not Christians. The harsh
way in which the Vikings attacked the coastal monasteries of the British Isles and other locations shocked the

Modern Norse Interaction
The early Norse people of modern Scandinavia were an amazing group of people that traded, raided, and farmed, we known as Vikings. Norse people
were well known travelers of most of the known world during the Viking age, approximately 800–1150 CE. Their customs and technology made
impacts on civilizations a great distance from their homeland. It seemed that once contact outside their native land had taken place, an explosion of
interaction occurred. They reached out and interacted with people from the east, south, and west. Some of these interactions were ferocious in nature
filled with slaughter and raiding. Other interactions were peaceful that led to settlements and open trading. From humble beginnings of farmers to
feared sea travelers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Frankish emperor Louis "the Pious" and his sons were at war. The Norse people continued to attack some and became allies for others. Louis's son
Lothar welcomed the Norse people and used them in future battles as mercenaries. After Louis's death in 843 CE the Treaty of Verdun ended the civil
war and the kingdom was separated into 3. Charles "the Bald" became king of the West Franks. During his time, near the Loire River, the Vikings
founded a settlement. This was a major disadvantage to the Franks and their trade routes. Norse men then began to travel up rivers to find more
monasteries and villages to attack within the Frankish kingdoms. Charles made several attempts to fortify the towns to protect them, but not enough to
overthrow his rule. None of these strategies were very efficient. Charles made an extreme mistake in 845 CE in an attempt to deal with these Vikings in
a new and less painful way. He tried to buy peace from the invaders. Paying in large amounts of gold and silver to the Viking's he simply asked not to
attack him. This had the opposite effect he intended and led to waves of Vikings attacking him, all of which sought to just be "paid off". After the death
of Charles "the Bald", his grandson Charles "the Simple" developed a much better plan to deal with this threat (I love their nicknames). He gave the
mouth the Loire River to a Viking leader under the

Burial Customs Of The Vikings
There are many burial sites which are associated with the Vikings all over Europe and that of their spheres of influence, the burial practices of the
Vikings were varied meaning that they didn't bury in one universal style but in many other ways, the most famous of those were digging graves in the
ground, to their famous tumuli, and sometimes it included ship burials. According to these written sources, most of their funerals usually occurred at
sea. Their funerals contained two ways it was either by burial or cremation, this matter depended strongly on the local customs. In the area that is now
Sweden, cremations were the universal way of burying their dead; whereas in Denmark burial was more common, by common I mean that they used to
bury

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