Garibaldi Unification Essay

Garibaldi Unification Essay
The background on Risorgimento and Giuseppi Garibaldi's role in the unification of Italy sparked
my curiosity about the impact unification had on national and regional identities in Italy, and the
effect these identities have on the way the world perceives the people of Italy as opposed to the way
they see each other. It seems to me that Garibaldi and the unification process must have had a
profound effect on the people of Italy and the way they see themselves fitting into the nation–state
as a whole. I would imagine that many of these questions do not have clear answers, but rather
complicated explanations that lead to even more questioning. With Garibaldi's movement spreading
across the regions of Italy, I can imagine that not all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another interesting way of looking at Italian identities from an international perspective is
examining the way other nations see Italy as having either distinct regional differences or a larger
collective identity. If there are so many different regional identities, where did the "Italian" identity
known in the United States come from? If each region has their own culture, how can we claim to
know "Italian" food, music, art, or any other cultural element? I would imagine that much of the
food in an area of Italy is dependent on what is produced in that region of the nation, and therefore
could not be encompassed by the umbrella of "Italian" food. I know that many Italian foods are
named after the region where they are produced, such as parmigiano and Marsala wine, thus
preserving some of the regional identity in the name. So where did this larger culture come from, is
what we know as Italian food really the food from a specific region or something else entirely?
It would be interesting to study how this national identity emerged over time, and does its presence
mean that some people no longer care about their regional loyalty? I would expect that as
generations become further and further removed from the time before unification, more and more
people would identify more with Italy on a national scale rather than their specific regions. Yet, in
many places regional pride and
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The Success Of The Unification Of Italy
To unify a state, many components such as strategy, population willingness and cooperation are
needed. All of those were crucial for the unification of Italy, but moreover it was the two men that
have contributed the most; Count Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi. They were completely
different. Cavour was the leading strategic power behind the unification and Garibaldi was the
national hero inspiring the masses. It cannot be denied that the success of the unification of Italy
depended on both of them. Although Cavour was the leading figure in the Italian Unification, its
completion would not have happened without Garibaldi's assertive actions.
Before the Italian Unification, Italy has not been politically unified since the Roman Empire. Italy
consisted of many autonomous city–states and there was also a great influence of foreign dynasties.
Most of the North part of Italy belonged to Austria–Hungary, the South part to the Bourbon dynasty
and the states of church, which were located in between to the Pope as the supranational sovereign.
The Pope himself also created another barrier against the unification together with France, Spain
and Austria–Hungary. During every invasion, at least one ruler always stood on the side of invaders
for his own profit. Both the city–states and the dynasties were resistant towards patriotic
movements, which were not of their own and fought neighboring states, representing a threat. After
the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte, forty years of

The Two Faces of Nationalism
Introduction
The nineteenth century saw the rise and fall of many conventional rulers, kings as well as
aristocratic political advisors and parliamentarians sustain a power for majority of the areas in
Europe. Having said that, the nineteenth century also recorded tremendous advancements social and
industrial and also marked some of the most consistently harmonious eras in history. Some of the
marked advancements in Europe that took place in the 19th century include the Industrial
Revolution that was initiated in the latter half of the previous century and took a full swing in the
19th century by expanding into regions of Germany, Italy and Netherlands in Europe as well as the
United States and Japan. Russia also experienced major changes due to the industrial revolution at
the beginning of the 19th century. Perhaps the biggest social change that was brought about in the
19th century, in my opinion, was the replacement of the manual and animal labor by the machines.
This was perhaps the biggest expanse of social change that had occurred since the Agriculture
Revolution over thousands of centuries ago. Needless to say that they Industrial Revolution is still in
full swing and continues to evolve, however, it still has recorded its highest penetration and impact
in the 19th century due to the stark contrast it brought to everyday life from what it had been
previously. In this paper, we will discuss two European nation states Italy and Germany we will
conduct a comparison of

The Unification Of Germany And Italy In The 60's
During the 1850's and 60's, both Germany and Italy unified, and disrupted the old Balance of Power.
Both unifications, came to be because of Chancellors, Count Cavour for Italy, and Otto Von
Bismarck for Germany. Both men knew the neede other countries help, to unite. Italy first went to
France, promising them land in central Italy, if they would help defeat the Austrians. France won
two major battles, but Napoleon III thought the war was becoming too expensive, so he made a
secret peace treaty with Austria. This meant Italy only won one of the territories they wanted. It
wasn't until Garibaldi, that Italy United. He lead a small band of soldiers known as the Red Shirts,
who were know for the red shirts, and their guerrilla warfare tactics. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Both involved war with Austria. The countries were truly run by their chancellor, with a figurehead
king. And the two nations allied themselves to others to gain unification. But they are different as
well, mostly because of how effective one is. Prussia/Germany, defeated both Austria, and France,
while Italy needed help from Prussia. THe unification of Germany was done by another country
Prussia, who came in and defeated everyone. The unification of Italy was done by Italians, but with
the help of foreigners. That is how the Unification of Italy and Germany are similar, but also

Essay On Italian Unification
The dynamics of the Italian unification movement:
Italian Unification (Italian: Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence") it is the political movement that
unified the states of the Italian peninsula into a single country. Italy was ruled by a number of
outside powers including Spain, France, and the Holy Roman Empire early on and later, Bourbon
and imperial France and the Hapsburgs.
Factors of the success of Italian unification:
1. Napoleon united Italy again after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire from (1796–1815) during
the period of French revolution and Napoleonic wars. Various Italian states consolidated for a while,
first as republics and afterward as satellite conditions of the French realm
2. Napoleon reforms in education, law and economy spread equality and liberty
3. the Italian middle class developed in numbers and was permitted to participate in government
After Napoleon's defeat in 1815 and the settlement of Vienna congress, the Italian states were
restored to their former rulers. Secret societies, for example, the Carbonari restricted this
improvement in the 1820s and '30s. The main avowedly republican and national group was Young
Italy, established by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831. This society, which represented the Risorgimento,
would have liked to teach the Italian individuals to a feeling of their nationhood and to urge the
majority to ascend against the current regimes
Revolutions of

Nationalism in Europe Essay
Nationalism is the idea that a people who have much in common, such as language, culture and
geographic proximity ought to organize in such a way that it creates a stable and enduring state.
Nationalism is tied to patriotism, and it is the driving force behind the identity of a culture.
Nationalism had many effects in Europe from 1815, The Congress of Vienna and beyond. In the
following essay I will describe many of the consequences of nationalism on European identity, as
well as some of the conflicts that it created. Nationalism was strongly endorsed by the middle class,
including intellectuals, professors, students and journalists. These groups of middle class
professionals were also the driving force behind the liberal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A people that are repressed and have a strong national identity are prone to violent and unpredictable
revolutions and uprisings. We see examples of that precept in the French Revolution and the
tumultuous republics that followed in the aftermath of Emperor Napoleon. We see other clear cut
examples of nationalism in Italy as well. The journey that Italy took to statehood in the 1800s
involved various figureheads performing different roles. The nationalism of Italy began with
Mazzini who laid the ideological base for a united Italy. He wrote many pamphlets, papers, and
dissertations on the manifest destiny, if you will, of the Italian people to unify. This rhetoric was
stirring to the young middle class individuals of Italy who accepted this ideology and supported
ideological efforts for a unified Italy. Cavour, of the province of Piedmont is where the basis of a
real Italian resurgence would begin. Cavour wanted Piedmont to be the basis of the Risorgimento, or
the Italian resurgence. Piedmont was developing well from an industrial perspective and by
siphoning trade agreements away from Austria was able to develop into an industrial base for further
operations. The actual, boots on the ground venture was led by Garibaldi who recruited many young
men to serve in "The Expedition of The Thousand." The rising nationalism of the time period, as
well as the efforts of Mazzini stirred these young middle and

Italian Unification Dbq Essay
The Italian Unification was a political and social movement where the different states of the Italian
peninsula were to combine into a single Italy. The Italian Unification occurred close in time to the
German Unification, which occurred only one year later. The Unification of Italy was a widely
controversial topic discussed by many italian citizens and leaders during the 19th century. Many
people destined for Italy to be unified as one country, a country that they considered to be stronger
overall when compared to the individual countries, and would also create a new national identity
and rid Italy of civil problems, like wars and revolutions that were occurring at the time. Others
despised the ideas of Italian Unification, jumping ahead ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gioberti suggests that the unification would remove civil disputes, such as wars and revolutions, that
occurred within Italy as well as create such a strong Italy that no foreign forces could penetrate it.
This was important at the time, while many foreign forces, such as Prussia and Austria, had invaded
Italy. It was also important that Italy unify in order to prevent revolutions, for Italy had had multiple
revolutions prior to this time period. Though some would disagree with these benefits, Marquis
Massimo d' Azeglio, a politician from Piedmont, had said "... ask any Italian, north or south, whether
or not it is useful for Italy to free itself from foreign domination and influence, and no one, thank
God, will reply other than in the affirmative." (Document 6) Azeglio says that, though not everyone
agrees with Unification, everyone would agree that it is better for Italy to free itself from foreign
domination. This could possibly be done through Italian unification and the impossibility of foreign
invaders, which was mentioned by Gioberti. Many people believed in the Italian unification for its
abilities to create strength, remove civil problems, and prevent foreign domination and

Unification of Italy Dbq Essay example
Unification of Italy: Pros and Cons
After the Congress of Vienna Italy consisted of six separate states. Controversy over whether or not
Italy should be unified stirred up during the mid to late 1800's. The unification of the Italian states
was an ongoing debate for quite some time. During the years of the debates people found the
unification to be positive change, a negative change, and some had different opinions for their own
certain reasons. Those who agreed that Italy should be unified argued that Italy would not survive in
the separated states, would be vulnerable to invasions, and would ultimately be weaker overall.
Giuseppe Mazzini, an attorney who was exiled from Piedmont and wanted Italy to be unified so that
he could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whoever ignores this love of the individual regions of Italy will always build on sand." (DOC 2)
People believed the diverse social classes and power would not make for a unified country. Count
Camillo Benso di Cavour, a politician from Piedmont–Sardinia, said, "Active power resides almost
exclusively in the middle class and part of the upper class, both of which have ultraconservative
interests to defend." (DOC 4) Daniele Manin, a politician from Venice, wrote, "Peoples who have
different origins and customs should not be forced together, because otherwise civil war will follow
the war of independence." (DOC 6) People against unification felt that bringing the diverse states
together would cause more problems and do more harm than good. There were obvious pros and
cons to the unification if Italy, but some civilians were on the fence. A number of people weren't
really for, but were not against the unification of Italy. Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio , a politician
from Piedmont, expressed that both northern and southern states would agree that unity is best in the
sense that it would control foreign domination, but other than that Italy could survive in its separated
state. (DOC 7) The people who had indifferent thoughts could agree that whatever happened, they
wanted foreigners gone. Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, prime minister of Piedmont–Sardinia,
credible in the sense that he has had neighboring states such as Tuscany, Venetia, and Lombardy

The Unification Of Italy After Unification
The Unification of Italy
Before Unification
Before unification, Italy was made up of several small countries. These separate countries seemed to
share a common culture and language. From these similarities many people wanted to unify in
nationalism. Napoleon had invaded Italy in 1796, so unification was not possible until he was
defeated in 1814.
A map of Italy before Unification.
After Napoleon's downfall Italy was made up of: Kingdom of two Sicilies, The Papal states, the
Austrian empire, Duchy of Parma, Duchy of Modena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the only real
independent state was Piedmont Savoy. In 1848, revolutions swept through Europe– Milan and
Venice fought against the Austrians, the sicilians fought against Naples for independence, and Rome
fought for social reforms.
French troops were sent into Rome to reinstate the pope, they remained there for a while.
The sicilians were crushed in their endeavors and in the north the Austrians beat the rebels and the
kingdom of Sardinia who tried to help them. From these results it can be concluded that the first
Italian war for independence was a failure. Victor Emmanuel the second, the king of Sardinia
realised that he would need powerful allies to achieve independence.
He and his prime minister Count Camillo Benso di Cavour sent troops to Crimea to help fight the
Russians with the French and British, in hope of gaining allies. The next step he took was to give
France Nice in return for their help in fighting

Imperialism In Europe : The Unification Of Germany And Italy
In the 1800's there was a growing sense of nationalism as Europe was under the control of emperors
and kings. Unity became a value countries across Europe sought to achieve. This included Germany
and Italy. Both countries had many issues to resolve though before they could achieve any type of
unification. Though very similar in overcoming them, Germany and Italy's end result contrasted in
many ways.
Europe in the 1800's was divided into several states and there was no balance of power among them.
In the case of Germany, France preferred them to remain in smaller states as they would be easier to
control rather than one giant unified nation. As was Italy, but they did not threaten the balance of
power in Europe. Both in Germany and Italy, state leaders disagreed on how the unified government
should run which prevented any type of unification. Both Germany and Italy also had to overcome
Regional differences as Germany was split between East and West and Italy split by North and
South. The regions had their own distinct culture which made unification difficult.
During these trying times in Europe, unification was only made possible because of great leaders.
For Italy, those leaders were Giuseppe Mazzini, Cavour, and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Thanks to Cavour,
Italy could unite with Napoleon III of France to drive Austria out of Italy's northern provinces.
Cavour sparked war in 1859 and then in 1860 Garibaldi lent his help by capturing Sicily in the
south. After a successful victory

Italian Unification Essay
During the 18th century, intellectual changes began to dismantle traditional values and institutions.
Liberal ideas from France and Britain spread rapidly, and from 1789 the French Revolution became
the genesis of "liberal Italians". A series of political and military events resulted in a unified
kingdom of Italy in 1861. The settlements reached in 1815 at the Vienna Congress had restored
Austrian domination over the Italian peninsula but had left Italy completely fragmented . The
Congress had divided the territory among a number of European nations and the victors of the
Napoleonic Wars. The Kingdom of Sardinia recovered Piedmont (Piemonte), Nice, and Savoy and
acquired Genoa.
There were three major obstacles to unity at the time the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The wars of unification were an important stage in the development of Europe. The modern world
was shaped back then by the revolutionaries of this time period. The strong leaders; Bismarck,
Guiseppe Garibaldi, and Camillo Cavour led their countries to a great thing, unification.
Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian patriot spearheaded a national revolutionary movement. Mazzini's
ideology of an independent integrated republic spread quickly among large segments of the Italian
people. Revolutionary cells formed throughout the Italian peninsula.
Massive reforms that took place during the 1840s in the Papal States, Lucca, Tuscany, and the
Kingdom of Sardinia were intended to slow the revolutionary movements, instead these reforms
(1846 and 1847) only intensified the resolve of the revolutionary cells culminating in the
Revolutions of 1848, that spread to Germany, the Austrian Empire, France, and parts of northern
Italy.
The first revolution on the Italian peninsula took place in the Kingdom of Sicily, which resulted in a
constitution for the whole kingdom. An insurrection in 1848 caused pope Pius IX to flee Rome and a
republic was proclaimed. King Charles Albert of Sardinia mobilized his army and marched to the
assistance of Lombardy and joined in the war to drive the Austrians from Italian soil.
While it initially looked as if the independence and unity of Italy was a realistic possibility, the
Austrians defeated the Piedmontese and Charles Albert had to abdicate.

How Did Bismarck Contribute To The Unification Of Italy
When World War I began, Italy was in the forty–third year of its unification. From 1860 until 1871,
the Kingdom of Italy wrangled individual kingdoms across the land into one entity, much to the
shock of its neighbors. The joining forced the rest of Europe to give grudging respect the land of the
Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Italy was just missing the Italian speaking lands of the Alps, held
by the Austrian–Hapsburg Empire, and they coveted the land greatly. During his reign, Bismarck
saw the rising tension between Austria–Hungary and its new neighboring enemy and brokered a
triple alliance that promised Italy support to take French–held territory in and around the
Mediterranean Sea. As nationalism rose in citizens across nations, Italy had more than its share of
Risorgimento, which was the term for the Italian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the Italian government had a vision to restore the glories of the Roman Empire. And while
the war did not have the full support from its citizens, joining the allied forces cultivated a young
group of supporters. Emilio Lussu, an Italian soldier who recalled his time on the warfront in A
Soldier on the Southern Front, was studying law in college when the war began and was strong in
the conviction that Italy needed to join the allied powers to fight for democracy and complete the
national unification. Italian artists, writers, and thinkers, known as futurists, joined Lussu's voice in
calling for entry into the war as a source of liberation. In April 1915, the Italian signed the secret
Treaty of London with the Allies. Britain promised the Italian–speaking regions of the Alps as well
as other territories belonging to the Austro–Hungarian Empire. Italy entered a war it was woefully
unprepared

The Effects Of The Unification Of Germany And Germany
United
I'm going to talk about the unification of Germany and Italy and how these two places went about
unification and how that affected Europe. Also, I'm going to compare and contrast the effects that
these two places unifying had on Europe. Before the French revolution both Italy and Germany were
divided into many states, Germany was divided way more than Italy with more than three hundred
states which had to have been harder to unite. Many people don't know about the unification of
Germany and Italy occurred or know that Germany had to do many things to achieve unification and
ultimately start a war and use other wars to work towards the goal of unification. Now looking at
Italy in 1866 Italy signed a pact with Prussia promising support if Prussia went to war with Austria.
Prussia promised to get Venetia for Italy. Eventually several months later, war between Prussia and
Austria did happen. Austria was defeated by Prussia in the Austro–Prussian War. In the peace
settlement, Prussia awarded Italy with Venice and the other surrounding territories. They made
Florence the capital of Italy. Wherefore Germany went to war three times to achieve unification. The
World Book encyclopedia says that for hundreds of years Germany lived in separate states, one of
the most powerful was the kingdom of Prussia. During the late 1800's, Otto Con Bismarck, the
prime minister of Prussia, united most of these states and cities under Prussian leadership. After
Bismarck, German leaders tried

Unification Of Germany And Germany : Unification In Europe
I'm going to talk about the unification of Germany and Italy and how these two places went about
unification and how that affected Europe. Also, I'm going to compare and contrast the effects that
these two places unifying had on Europe. Before the French revolution both Italy and Germany were
divided into many states, Germany was divided way more than Italy with more than three hundred
states which had to have been harder to unite. Many people don't know about the unification of
Germany and Italy occurred or know that Germany had to do many things to achieve unification and
ultimately start a war and use other wars to work towards the goal of unification. The World Book
Encyclopedia says that," Italy in 1866 Italy signed a pact with Prussia promising support if Prussia
went to war with Austria. Prussia promised to give Venetia to Italy. Eventually several months later,
war between Prussia and Austria did happen. Austria was defeated by Prussia in the Austro–Prussian
War. In the peace settlement, Prussia awarded Italy with Venice and the other surrounding territories.
They made Florence the capital of Italy. Wherefore Germany went to war three times to achieve
unification. ("Italian unification") For hundreds of years Germany lived in separate states, one of the
most powerful was the kingdom of Prussia. During the late 1800's, Otto Con Bismarck, the prime
minister of Prussia, united most of these states and cities under Prussian leadership. After Bismarck,
German leaders

How Did Mazzini Contribute To The Unification Of Italy
The identity of Italy was changing with different political powers and views clashing over the ideas
of unification. From 1830–1870, people began to voice their opinions of the divided nation, raising
much conflict. Italy, before its process of revolution began, was mostly ruled by foreign powers and
absolute monarchs. The country's citizens decided they wanted a change in their government and
freedom from their rulers. In the beginning, the revolt was not organized and resulted in failure until
they united and fought as one large group. With the help of historical revolutionaries such as
Mazzini and Cavour, Italy was finally seeing a revolution of its government and a unification of the
nation. Italy's fight for unification overwhelming number ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Born in Venice, he wrote a letter to a friend in 1848. In which Manin claims that, "It is vital that the
italian states should be based on tradition" (Document 5), in other words that people who have
different customs should not be forced to come together, as their differences would result in a civil
war. He applies that an independent Italy would simply not work due to traditions. He also adds that
no state should be refused the republican form of government if it feels suited to it than a
constitutional monarchy. Because inhabitants of Italy had different believes and great diversity, civil
wars would erupt between the people in Italy. The source of his words are legitimate and trustworthy
as it was not a public statement rather a safe way of communication to a

Unification of Italy and Germany Essay
Unification of Italy and Germany
By 1871 both the kingdom of Italy and the empire of Germany were united. Even though both
countries used popular trends to that time, both liberalism and nationalism, the process unifying
these two countries was very different. The end result was Germany emerging as a strong nation and
Italy appropriately, the weaker.
Italy's problems started with the fact that it didn't have one main ruler, but two people and a concept,
resulting in a different approach to the unification. Gulseppe Mazzini had a radical program
focusing on a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people.
Vincenzo Gioberti, who was a catholic priest called for a federation of existing states ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, they strategically persuaded European powers to fight against Austria...Italy provoked
Austria into war Cavour then used Garibaldi's popular appeal to his benefit. "When Garibaldi and
Emmanuel rode through Naples to cheering crowds, they symbolically sealed the union of north and
south, of monarch and people." (McKay, 837) Italy was now unified.
Despite the fact that Italy was unified, it wasn't as nearly as strong as Germany was becoming.
Bismarck joined both authoritarianism and nationalism to increase Prussia's power. He was a very
clever diplomat and used whatever means possible to work towards his goal. Bismarck's
Realpolitiks, the pursuing of realistic goals by any available method instead of the pursuit of an
ideology. Bismarck never wanted to have enemies for long and hoped to pacify the Liberals with
foreign policy achievement, notably the unification of Germany. He wanted to exclude Austria from
the unification process. This led to the Austria–Prussian and Franco–Prussian wars. His plan was
successful. Even with the fact south German states were reluctant to join in his unification because
of strong religious and political traditions. After the overpowering of France in 1871 the southern
states finally joined. This was the defeat the brought them together.
Prussia had become the most powerful state in Europe. "Most German's were enormously proud,
enormously relieved. And they

The Challenges Of The Italian Unification Of Italy
The Italian Unification is a time period during which Italy becomes unified as one country. While
trying to unify the country there were obstacles faced and conquered by Mazzini, Cavour, and
Garibaldi as they continued to unify Italy. They pushed Nationalism on the people. The problems
that were faced during the time of the unification were the Austrian occupation of Lombardy and
Venice. Also, the land still belonged to the Pope and not the government which meant that it did not
really belong to everyone and didn't symbolize unification. The last problem is there is an existence
of many independent states which means there were states ruling themselves. One of the major
people involved in the unification of Italy is Giuseppe Mazzini. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He helped unite Italy into one country and was considered a revolutionary hero. Throughout his time
as a revolutionary hero he faces some challenges, for instance, when he was supposed to take over a
war ship and instead he ended up being caught by the police. He was supposed to be sentenced to
death but he managed to escape and flee to South America for twelve years. Garibaldi decided to
move to North America and in the same year went back to Italy. In Italy, they started calling him
Risorgimento which meant revival. He was called this because he came back to help change Italy
and make it one country. In Italy, he partners with the king of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel II and
politically left Mazzani. In order to unite Italy, they forced the Austrians into the Alps. France took
the last territory, called the Papal states. With that Garibaldi was able to push the unification to
finally happen. The Italian Unification brought a rise to Nationalism. Nationalism is when a nation
is joined together in ways of government, leaders, or religion. Nationalism is Italy gives freedom of
press and power to the government or one ruler. This is exactly what had been done in the Italian
Unification. They united under one rule and became a singular country. They also received freedom
of the press and a new Parliament during the time of Camillo di Cavour. Mazzini, Cavour, and
Garibaldi all used their ideas to help with the unification witch

Italy : A Country For Long?
Italy has not existed as a country for long––for a while, Italy was a politically divided combination
of states. In 1799, Russia and Austria managed to expel France from Italy, but this only lasted until
the Italian provinces and city–states were once again conquered by France and fell under the rule of
Napoleon. Napoleon established the Kingdom of Italy, but with his downfall came the territorial
provisions of the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Throughout these decades, the Italian states were
greatly fragmented and Giuseppe Mazzini played a tremendous role in their unification. Mazzini
believed that a common uprising would unite the Italian people––a philosophy which, for the most
part, was successful. However, once many Italians ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mazzini refused to swear an oath of allegiance to one Italian house called the House of Savoy, since
that would contradict his goal of unifying Italy. Mazzini's religious upbringing influenced his strong
belief in Western Christianity. A deeply spiritual person, he opposed rationalism and atheism while
highly valuing patriotism. His dedication to religion helped him appeal to the Christian and Roman
Catholic populations of Italy; he was seen by some as an extraordinarily spiritual leader. His
patriotism was the driving force behind his efforts to unify Italy.
Italian nationalism, which led to a more prominent aspiration for unity among the Italian states,
developed largely in response to the occupation of the states by Austria. As a result of the Congress
of Vienna in 1815, Austria gained much of the territory of Northern Italy, including the kingdom of
Lombardy–Venetia with two huge central cities in both Venice and Milan. These gains established
Austria as the dominant power in Restoration Italy. The Congress of Vienna declared the kingdom of
Piedmont–Sardinia to be part of Italy, as it was in the past, and Austria also obtained control over the
Republic of Genoa. Many parts of Italy, specifically North–Central Italy, fell under the rule of the
Habsburg dynasties. Joachim Murat, who was Napoleon's brother–in–law, was permitted to keep his
Kingdom of Naples; however, his backing of Napoleon during the Hundred Days war ended with
the Bourbon dynasty becoming

Should The Government Industrialize Italy?
These issues were further aggravated during the process of industrialization. The unification wars
left the government buried in massive debts and immediately after unification, the liberal
government embarked on economic reforms in an attempt to industrialize Italy so that it could keep
up with the other European powers. It imposed high taxes that were met with bitter resistance from
the working class and the poor, who made up the majority. There was a significant difference in
lifestyles between the improvised workers and wealthy elites, so the population remained severely
divided. Italy was a traditional agrarian society, and immediately after unification, the government
embarked on industrialization. However, it did not take into consideration

The Background And Nature Of The Movement For National...
Garibaldi went to the USA, Austria backed out of the war therefore handing Lombardy to Sardinia.
Treaty of Zurich ends northern Italy tension. Tuscany, Modena, and Parma seek annexation by
Sardinia. Italy was scattered during the 1850s but came together in the 1860s and 70s to really
become a world power. Piedmont became the unlikely unifying power of Italy. Victor Emmanuel II
was the driving force. Sardinia fought against Russia in the Crimean war and won. Sardinia was
overall different because while being small they managed to get a lot done to further the unification
of Italy.
Explain the background and nature of the movement for national unification in Italy. What role had
Mazzini played? What had happened in 1848 to the unification movement?
After the fall of Napoleon, Italy was controlled mostly by Austria and the Habsburgs. The
movement for national unification in Italy started with revolts and demanding change to the kings.
Nationalists were influenced by other people in other countries that had successfully revolted, for
example like in Spain in 1820. The Kingdom of Two Sicilies was conquered and convinced the king
to establish a new constitution. Mazzini helped with Italian unification by creating a secret society
called Young Italy. The goal of Mazzini's new group was to promote nationalism and convince
people why there should be a unified Italy. In 1848, revolutions all over Italy occurred because
nationalists did not want Austria to have control over them.

Role Of Nationalism In Italian Unification
ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1848–1870)
Nationalism is sovereignty of people and emotional attachment to the nation. Nationalism stands for
loyalty to a nation through collective consciousness of shared history, language, race, values, culture
and traditions. Nationalism has five stages and the second stage is unification i.e. people united in a
nation.
Most significant unifications are Italian and German unification, in this essay I will focus on the
Italian unification. The research question that I will be answering throughout the essay is: "How did
nationalism play a role in Italian unification?"
The 1848 revolution that went through Europe for political representation and national unification
also went through the Italians causing many political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
List the objects or people you see in the cartoon.
There are two people, Victor Emanuel 2nd and Giuseppe Garibaldi, map of united Italy, Garibaldi
inside and Victor 2nd outside, Victor's bag, Garibaldi's hat and sword.
Words
1. Identify the cartoon caption and/or title
The title of this cartoon is "The man in possession" which means that Garibaldi has Italy in his
hands and Victor is waiting for Garibaldi to give it to him.
2. Locate three words or phrases used by the cartoonist to identify objects or people within the
cartoon.
There is only one phrase and one word in this cartoon. On the map it says Italy and the phrase is:
Victor Emanuel 2. "I wonder when he will open the door"
3. Record any important dates or numbers that appear in the cartoon.
There aren't any dates in this cartoon.
Level 2
Visuals
2. Which of the objects on your list are symbols?
The map of Italy and Victor's bag
3. What do you think each symbol means.
The map of Italy presents the unification of Italy and Victor's bag means that he is waiting for
Garibaldi to open the doors to give him his possession/ home (Italy).
Words
4. Which words or phrases in the cartoon appear to be the most significant? Why do you think

Napoleon 's Reign Over Italy
Italy, as it is known today, has been in existence for less than one hundred fifty years. For several
centuries, Italy had been made up of separate states often ruled by foreign powers. In 1796,
Napoleon Bonaparte invaded and conquered the Italian peninsula. After falling under French rule,
the peninsula was divided into three parts: several northern states, which were annexed to France,
the Kingdom of Italy, of which Napoleon declared himself king in 1805, and the Kingdom of Naples
in the south. Napoleon and the French brought new ideas about society and governing with them.
They also brought the concepts of freedom and nationalism with them, which might have sparked
Italy's later attempts to achieve unity. Napoleon's reign over Italy crumbled with his defeat in 1814.
Shortly after, parts of Italy were distributed amongst other European countries, particularly Austria,
and returned to former rulers by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Many people were unhappy with
the actions of the Congress and secret societies started to grow to oppose these rulers and promote
the idea of a united Italy. One of the secret societies set up in opposition to foreign rulers was called
the Carbonari. This nationalistic, revolutionary group started in Naples and spread northward. In
1820 they carried out a successful revolution in Naples which forced King Ferdinand I to set up a
new constitution and parliament, but it was soon squashed by the Austrians. All their future
uprisings failed, and in

The Process Of Unification Occurred Over A 100 Year Period
The process of unification occurred over a 100 year period, and was spurred on by a number of
individuals, both Italians such as Cavour and Crispi and foreigners such as napoleon the III. There
were, however, different stages of unification throughout the entire process.
The actions of each key individual must be assessed within each stage they influenced and how their
actions affected unification in a positive or negative way.
The first stage of unification was 1800 to 1815, where Napoleon I was the primary mover. He made
a huge number of changes such as changing ruling dynasties , simplifying trade boundaries, and
most importantly, establishing his 'Code Napoleon' as law. Mack Smith argues that these reforms
made Italy change ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can therefore be concluded that the advancements Napoleon made were only short term and he
intended to just create a satellite of France, and giving the Italians too much of a unification spirit
would have made them too strong. However, he did have a long–term political significance; he for
political unity and inadvertently encouraged the Italians' dislike of foreigners through his enforced
conscription policies, which encouraged a sense of nationalism for the first time.
The next stage was 1815 to 1849, involving primarily the Austrian Chancellor Prince Clemens von
Metternich and the Italian political idealist Giuseppe Mazzini.
They had an almost symbiotic relationship, ether justifying the others existence. This is argued by
Sarti who implies Mazzini and Metternich helped unification through their hatred of each other;
Mazzini served as the ideologist and Metternich the oppressor, each justified the other's involvement
in italy. Berkley says that there was "truth in Metternich's thousand–times reiterated assertion that he
was defending law and order" because if Mazzini's revolutions had been successful, "there would
have been bloodshed and utter anarchy " . It is certainly

The Italian Mafia And The Italian Mafia
America is known as the land of opportunity. For some, that meant the opportunity to grab what
they could with no fear of the law. In the early 1900s, the era of dizzying social change, anything
seemed possible. With the right street smarts and gumption to pull any job off, many immigrants
rushed to America to better their family's lives. Members of each family would do whatever possible
to make that household better, no matter the cost or consequence. This shifty attitude stemmed from
many years of family loyalty, well, that was the case of many Italians from Sicily. This exuberant
can–do spirit coursed through America's immigrant–filled cities, industrial heartland, and
freewheeling west, all fertile ground for empires to be built and money to be made. This was the
birth of the mafia. There were four prominent mafias in the beginning years of America, and they
were the Italian mafia, Russian mafia, Irish mafia, and the Jewish mafia. However, the focus of this
paper will be solely based on the Italian mafia, and how family honor, respect, drugs, money, and
running from the law created a fixation and aspiration on the American gangster image. When we
think of the Italian Mafia, we think of mobsters such as Joe Gallo, Tommy Lucchese, Charles
"Lucky" Luciano and Al Capone. These men left a legacy behind for the mafia to succeed, and
history remembers their names. Yet these sensational depictions of these men can take us only so far.
The true story of the Mafia reveals both

Italian Unification Essay
Italian Unification
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi can be seen as a contrast between two
inspirational and great leaders during the time of the Italian Unification. Cavour was a nobleman,
always calm and well educated while Garibaldi was a rough passionate soldier with little education.
Though these men both contributed greatly to the unifying of Italy, they are very different in their
accomplishments as well as their motives. Garibaldi had been a republican, under the influence of
Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831, but turned monarchist, showing his allegiance to Victor Emmanuel. He
was very passionate about uniting Italy and spent his entire life fighting for the expulsion of
Austrian control and to be independent. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In April 1859 Austria issued an ultimatum demanding unilateral demobilization by 4 Piedmont. The
Austrians had mobilized a large army in northern Italy, but could not afford the expense of
maintaining it for long" . This began the War of 1859. Cavour played it so if Austria lost, Lombardy
and Venetia would be released from Austrian control, in which they did. Garibaldi however, had
different ideas for Italy. He wanted Rome, Venetia, Naples and Sicily to become part of a united
Italy as soon as possible. Cavour believed in using diplomacy and limited war to unite Italy while
Garibaldi's plan was for a military expedition. Garibaldi was able to invade Sicily and appointed
himself the dictator. While there, he abolished many tax collections upon crops, but also helped
suppress peasant revolts, winning the support of landowners but not the peasants. This caused much
more violence and instability, which prevented his idea of using Sicily as a starting ground for an
attack upon the mainland, which he considered a stage in the unification. With Garibaldi's invasion
of Sicily a success, Cavour wanted to annex Sicily to Piedmont immediately. However, Sicily was
part of the Kingdom of Naples and though they wanted their independence from Naples, they did
not want to be controlled by Piedmont. Meanwhile,Garibaldi began his march to Rome to over the
Papal States.
. Cavour greatly feared that the growing popularity of Garibaldi in Sicily, Naples and now

How Far Do You Agree That Garibaldi Played a More Essay
How far do you agree that Garibaldi played a more important part than Cavour in the Unification of
Italy?
Garibaldi and Cavour were two very influential people in the unification for Italy and without them
the unification may not have occurred. Although they both ultimately wanted the same thing, the
unification of Italy, they went about it in different ways. Cavour was a highly intellectual man, who
orchestrated things from a political stand point ensuring good relations with countries like France, of
which without the unification may never have succeeded. Garibaldi on the other hand was more of
people's person, a leader of men who was very direct and his actions such as the taking of Naples
and Sicily allowed Italy to unite properly and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is one area where he differed from Garibaldi, as there was a point where Garibaldi's popularity
threatened the Risorgimento itself. However there is no doubting that Cavour was a brilliant
politician and improved Piedmont as a whole, making them modernised and by doing this it may
have created the possibility of Piedmont being a viable ally to France in Napoleons eyes. He also
stirred up anti–Austrian beliefs in Piedmont and this helped make the state rally as a whole. If there
is one downfall of Cavour it is the fact that most of what he done was for Piedmont, and seemed to
rather extend Piedmont than make a united Italy, he perhaps could not appeal to the impoverished
states of the south. So in terms of looking at things as a whole his impact was limited and although
he made Piedmont very powerful in terms of uniting the whole of Italy it is questionable just how
important he was. But without him there wouldn't have been a friendship with France that ultimately
allowed Austria to be driven out, and without this unification wouldn't have been possible.
Garibaldi on the other hand made his fame more through military exploits, showing himself to be a
great military leader and creating an image in the Italian people's mind of a true hero in which
everyone could get behind. He appealed to the people especially that of the south through his rough
upbringing

Comparing Napoleon's Approaches To The Unification Of...
Napoleon's authoritarian rule in the 1850s provided a new model in politics to the old ruling class in
Europe. To what degree might the growing urban middle classes and emerging working class rally
for a strong and crucial conservative national state was one of the great political question and the
answer to that question came with the national unification of Italy and Germany.
Primarily there were three approaches to the unification of Italy. First, Mazzini centralized the
democratic republic based on the universal right and the will of the people. Second, Gioberti's a
catholic priest headed the federation of existing states, and third, Italian nations were built around
the aristocratic kingdom of Sardinia–Piedmont as german looked towards

How far do you agree that the limited appeal of Mazzini's...
How far do you agree that the limited appeal of Mazzini's ideas was the main reason for the slow
progress of national unity in Italy in the years 1815–48?
In 1815, Italy had just emerged from Napoleonic rule and was completely divided into nine separate
states; with different rulers and different cultures. By 1848, these states had progressed towards,
albeit merely to a limited extent, some kind of national unity – national unity meaning the feeling of
being united and together as one country. It could be argued that the lack of success in the reception
of Giuseppe Mazzini's ideas was the most substantial reason explaining this slow progress; though
some would say that it was mostly down to factors such as the power and influence of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These revolutions were mainly with the intention of introducing new leaders (in Modena and Parma
removing the Austrian ones implemented) and reforming constitutions within the states. The
intervention of Metternich and the Austrian army squashed the first wave of revolutions in Naples
and Piedmont, and then a decade later in Modena, Parma and The Papal State also. This both
quelled the movements towards a reformed, internally led and therefore more nationalist Italy, and
established the power and control Austria held over it. Austria was as a result dominating and
dividing Italy; physically preventing it from uniting, meaning that there was a lack of a popular
'Italian' culture and sentiment. As a result, it is evident that the presence of Austria was a significant
reason for the slow progress of national unity in Italy. Austria's domination through use of its
powerful and violent army highlights another of the factors which contributed to slow unification:
Italy's weak military. This was a considerably significant reason for why progress was limited in this
time period. The revolutions of 1820–21 and 1831–32 were crushed failures largely because the
Italian revolutionaries had barely anything to put up against the ruthlessly strong Austrians. In the
Piedmont revolution of 1821, Charles Albert (the illegitimate monarch supporting the revolution)
fled Turin; the liberals of the revolution were

How Did The Unification Of Italy Lead To Italian Unification
Before 1815, the Italian Peninsula had not been unified since the fall of the Roman Empire and
cultural divisions made it difficult for the Italian people to gain unity again.
Groups in several Italian states began to push the idea of a unified country but Italy went through
many obstacles attempting to unify and become what we know as Italy today.
Italy was divided into competing states which made it difficult for the people because they
considered themselves a part of their city, not as part of a bigger Italy. Secondly, The Congress of
Vienna divided Italy up among Austria, Hapsburg, and the French. Finally, Nationalist revolts were
continually crushed by Austria. The weak national feeling that the people of Italy were feeling was
because they found it difficult to identify with Italy as a country and still felt one with their
individual cities. The Tuscans of Florence, the Venetians of Venice, and the Neapolitans of Naples.
Before the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This conference was called the Congress of Vienna. Italy was divided up among Austrian rulers,
Hapsburg monarchs, and a French Bourbon king. The foreign countries had control over the Italian
states which brought a huge obstacle to the unification. Since Austria controlled most of the eight
states, the first obstacle was the fact that Austria used their influence to suppress the unification to
protect their own interest and keep Austria stable. France sent troops to Rome to protect the Pope
which hindered the unification of the country in the final stage. The Franco–Prussian War broke out
and France called back the troops in Rome to fight and helped Italy to complete the unification.
Attempting to interfere with the unification of Italy, the clashes led to the rise of nationalism, which
is the belief that the Italian people should control their own united

Compare and Contrast the Unification of Germany, Italy,...
Compare and Contrast the Unification of Germany, Italy, and the United States
From the 1790s to 1814 French troops successively conquered and occupied the area that later
constituted the German Empire. French domination helped to modernize and consolidate Germany
and –– toward the end –– sparked the first upsurge of German nationalism. In different ways the
French emperor Napoleon I helped German unification. It was important that he encouraged many
of the middle–sized German states to absorb huge numbers of small independent territories, mostly
bishoprics, church lands, and local principalities.
This consolidation process, called mediation, led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and
brought the same French legal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After 1850 the industrial revolution in Germany entered its decisive phase. New factories were built
at a breath–taking rate, the production of textiles and iron soared, railroads grew and started to
connect many distant regions, and coal production and export reached record levels every year.
These advances profited from a high level of education, the result of an advanced school and
university system. For a long time Prussia had the highest literacy rate and exemplary schools.
Economic progress was most powerful in Prussia and less impressive in Austria. Through the
Vienna peace settlement Prussia had received areas that turned out to be enormously precious for
industrialization (the Ruhr district, the Rhineland, and parts of Saxony – all with rich coal deposits).
Prussia now started to dominate many of the smaller German states economically, and the smaller
states –– often hesitantly –– adapted their economies to Prussia. Decisive for this inconspicuous
economic unification of Germany was the foundation of a customs union (Zollverein) already in
1834, which excluded Austria and Bohemia. Railroad building followed the lines of trade after
1837. To put it in a nutshell, Germany –– roughly in the borders of the later Second Empire –– was
economically and, to a lesser degree, culturally united before

Italian Unification Italy 1930's
Italians have been an intragyral part of American history since the founding of the country and its
exploration of the New World. Italian immigration surged from the 1870's to the 1930's due to few
economic opportunities and political suppression in Italy. Italy officially became a country in 1861
but before unification Italy consisted of small city states that were governed by small clans.
Nationalization created a disproportion of wealth from the industrialized north to the rural
overcrowded agricultural areas in the south. Over taxation by the Italian government made it hard
for rural southern Italians to own land or get ahead. Since the Civil war in the United States left a
need for cheap labor, this was a perfect opportunity to many southern

How Significant Was The Role Of Modern Italy During The...
How significant was the role of individuals in the making of modern Italy in the period c1800–
1900?
The making of modern Italy undoubtedly did not come easily, since the Italian peninsula was so
diverse politically and culturally into many individual and independent states; which were
dominated by foreign powers. Unification did not happen due to a single factor, but it took over half
a century for several factors to finally unite Italy, even if it was for name sake only. It is fairly
accurate to say that foreign power is a dominating factor which had pushed for changes for the
making of modern Italy, and that some factors held a greater significance than others and therefore
leaving a bigger impact. However if it weren't the contributions of all these factors, then the struggle
of achieving unification would seem far off.
Ed Beavington believed that the importance of nationalism in the unification of Italy in his article
states that "in terms of effective role in the creation of the kingdom of Italy, it was overshadowed by
the role of foreign intervention." Furthermore, he comes to conclude that the succession of
unification in Italy was united from above (North Italy), not below. This supports the argument that
foreign power is a dominating factor and its importance can be seen throughout this entire process
up to post 1870. Alternatively, Ed Beavington had also argued that "Italian national consciousness
was almost non–existent before Napoleons Bonaparte invasion of the

The Emergence Of Italian Nationalism
The emergence of Italian nationalism began in the Renaissance Era and was then encouraged by key
Italian figures, leading to the unification of Italy which was overall beneficial for the country.
(mention benefits for Italy and how it is today)
Before unification, Italy was a collection of different independent states. The Italian Wars, which
went on from 1494 to 1559, were fought for the control of these Italian states by European powers.
The most consistently fought over city–states in Italy were Naples, Florence, Venice, Sicily, and the
Papal State of Rome. Many European powers were involved in the beginning, but soon the wars
became a struggle between mainly France and Spain. While the Italian Wars were harsh on Italy,
they helped to spread the Italian Renaissance throughout Western Europe. The Renaissance Era
began a new way of thinking, which has been traced to the beginnings of Italian nationalism, which
has contributed to the Unification of Italy.
The Italian Wars began in 1494, when Charles VIII of France invaded Italy, and in 1495 conquered
Naples. When challenged by Spain, the Roman Emperor, the pope, Venice, and Milan, France was
forced to retreat. Charles' VIII successor, Louis XII had control over Milan and Genoa in 1499. The
second Italian War occurred when Louis then gained control of Naples by getting permission from
Pope Alexander VI, and agreeing to share it with Ferdinand V of Spain. This resulted in
disagreements between France and Spain

Garibaldi And Italian Unification
Garibaldi was one of the major figures of the nineteenth century movement for the Italian
unification.Garibaldi became an international figure during the nineteenth century and he was
promoting a national independence and the republican ideals.Garibaldi led successful military wars
in Europe and in the latin america, he also played a significant role in the war for the Italian
Unification.
Garibaldi was born on the July 4,1807 in Nice France, his family wasn't composed from high
members of the society neither from politicians so he achieved all his knowledge about battles and
strategy from his travels around the world; "his family was composed from fishermans and costal
traders", this helped hi to improve his sailing skills that will be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
" After the conquest of the two Sicilies Garibaldi crossed the strait of Messina and went north way
helped by the British army" after Garibaldi arrived in the north of Italy he reorganized himself and
prepared to attack the army of Millazzo because after that he could manage to have the final battle
against the Naple's army.Garibaldi thanks to the help of the British army he washable to defeat the
Millazo's army and only in the endow July 1860 the citadel resisted.The battle of Millazzo and it's
victory was a significant point of turn for Garibaldi because he just had to defeat the Naple'sarmy
definitively to unify Italy.In the battle of Volturno , thanks to the british army and the piedmontese
he washable to defeat the Naple's army.The battle of Vulture was the last battle that Garibaldi had to
fight in order to unify Italy.After the battle of Volturno Garibaldi met Vittorio Emmanuele 2 in
public to give him l the power to rule Italy, Garibaldi still tried to convince Vittorio Emmanuele 2 to
make Italy a Republic but he still wanted all the power to rule Italy by his own.Garibaldi wanted to
unify Italy mainly for two reasons, he wanted to unify Italy and make it a greater nation and gain
territories, because Garibaldi didn't want any

The Unification Of Germany And Italy
The unification of Germany and Italy was centered around the belief of nationalism. Nationalism is
the belief that one's greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people
who share a common culture and history. The nation will then become a nation–state when it has its
independent government. Bonds that will create a nation state are nationality, language, culture, and
religion. Germany and Italy both went to drastic measures to unify their countries In 1815, Italy as
divides after the Congress of Vienna. Some provinces were still under Austrian rule such as Venetia
and Lombardy. The Spanish Bourbon family ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies while the Pope
controlled the Papal States. Seeing the separation of states, Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour made
advancements towards unifying the country. Mazzini formed a nationalist group called Young Italy.
He called for an end to foreign rule and the unification of Italy based on the common language and
culture of the people. This movement was called the risorgimento. This plan failed and the former
rules of Italian states drove Mazzini and other nationalist leaders into exile. Next came Garibaldi
who was the leader of the Red Shirts. They were volunteers who followed Garibaldi in Southern
Italy. This nationalist group was successful in gaining control of Sicily in 1860. He then crossed into
the mainland and marched north. After Garibaldi took complete control of Southern Italy, the people
voted to

Nationalism and War Essay
Nationalism and War
Does nationalism have a relationship with the causes of the wars between 1792 and 1914? This can
be disputed through the events of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the unification
struggles of Germany and Italy in the late 1800's, the Alliance systems of the late 1800's and the
assassination of the Austrian archduke before the outbreak of World War 1.
During the French Revolution in 1792, an effort was made to remove Austrian presence from French
lands. This came about in part because King Louis XVI wanted to seek help from the Austrians to
remove the reformers, persuading France to declare war on Austria. The Jacobins were afraid that
this war would have an irreversible effect on the Revolution. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the wars during this time led to nationalistic feelings in the countries that Napoleon had
conquered. This became visible in the resistance of the Spanish and Prussians after Napoleon
conquered them. Spain revolted because Napoleon took away the privileges of the nobles and made
his brother, who the Spanish considered a foreigner, king. Similarly, during the War of Liberation,
patriotic and nationalistic principles led Prussia to revolt against the French invasion. With great
patriotism and nationalism, Prussia defeated France in1813. The Napoleonic Wars were not wars of
nationalism, but were of one man's dream of being a conqueror.
At another time in history, Bismarck was instrumental in the unification of Germany. It was his
thirst for expansion and Prussian rule throughout Germany that drove him. It was during the
unification of the southern states that nationalism played an essential role. With the help of Austria,
Bismarck's first strike was at Denmark in 1864. Austria only joined in the hope that Schleswig and
Holstein would not become part of Prussia. This was a catalyst for the Austro–Prussian war in 1866
that resulted in the defeat of Austria. In agreement, Prussia assumed territorial control over
Schleswig and Holstein and other German states. Consequently, this led to the unification of the
northern states, leaving Austria out of Prussian affairs

Italian Unification Research Paper
Italy Post–1815
There were many different empires on the European continent before Napoleon's rule. As many as
20 Italian city–states existed, all of which were tiny. Before unification, Italy had not been unified
since the Roman Empire. The Congress of Vienna restored pre–Napoleonic independent
governments. The Austrian Empire opposed unification because it controlled Northeastern Italy at
the time. The papacy (the Pope and the church) also opposed unification because it feared
persecution. Whether the new Italy would be a confederation, a republic, or a monarchy was not yet
decided.
Young Italy
Young Italy was a secret nationalistic society inspired by the French revolution. It was made up of
the middle class and intellectuals. It was constantly

The Napoleonic Wars: The Unification Of Italy
The Unification of Italy (1815–1871), is one of the most debatable periods of Italy's modern history.
The Risorgimento (in Italian) was the governmental movement of the Italian Peninsula that
combined the different states of the Italian Peninsula into one governmental and cultural state
known as the Kingdom of Italy. What sparked the beginning of the Italian unification movement
was the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815), an assembly of ambassadors that's purpose was to reform
Europe, after the effects of the Napoleonic Wars. There were few attempts at making Italy fully
unified. Due to their efforts towards unifying Italy, the three most important and influential leaders
of the Italian Unification were Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Cavour was filling in as Prime Minister in Sardinia–Piedmont where he supported apparently
dynamic approaches. While white collar class people had a tendency to be enticed by Cavour's
Realpolitik regular workers people frequently floated towards Socialism and Marxism. This float
towards Socialism being encouraged by Mazzini's own tease with Socialism during circumstances
such as the

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