Fraud And Abuse In The U.S. Healthcare System

Fraud and Abuse in the U.S. Healthcare System
Running Head: Fraud and Abuse Fraud and Abuse in the U.S. Healthcare System Tenisha Howard
Keller Graduate Professor Cutspec June 12, 2011 Background People can be affected by healthcare
fraud and abuse directly and indirectly. Fraud is defined as an intentional deception, false statement
or misrepresentation made by a person with the knowledge that the deception could result in
unauthorized benefit to oneself or another person. It includes any act that constitutes fraud under
applicable federal or state law. Abuse is defined as practices that are inconsistent with professional
standards of care; medical necessity; or sound fiscal, business, or medical practices. Intent is the key
distinction between Fraud and Abuse. An ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it comes to patients, patients commit fraud and abuse insurers and subsidized federal
programs to obtain preventable services, payments, and medical procedures. Private insurers play
their role in fraud and abuse by subsidizing federal programs in order to dishonor medical claims
and keep away from financial responsibility for essential medical services. Increased costs of fraud
and abuse results in increased insurance premiums, taxes, and costs for medical treatment. Literature
Review Fraud and abuse in our healthcare system indicates a priority of wealth over health, puts
patients at risk, and hinders our national interest of quality care. Medicaid and Medicare are
especially vulnerable to fraud because eligible individuals may never see their bill for services; it
goes directly to a fiscal intermediary (for Medicare) or a designated payer (for Medicaid), (Barton,
2007). In a report made by Jessica Zigmond, Aghaegbuna "Ike" Odelugo speculated on how and
why the fraud occurs, "This is a nonviolent crime and is often committed by very educated people,
including businesspeople, hospitals, doctors and administrators. It reaches across all ethnic and
racial lines." He added that healthcare fraud often preys on what he called an unsuspecting victim
base of Medicare recipients: elderly citizens looking for care and attention. The Priority Health
Fraud & Abuse department is targeting specific practices in an effort to recover funds and end
fraudulent
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Tft2 Task 4
TFT2 Cyber Law Task 4
Jordan Dombrowski
Western Governors University
Situation Report
It has come to my attention from the security analysts of VL Bank and victims that commercial
customers of VL Bank have been involved in identity theft and fraud. Multiple user accounts were
created without authorization claiming the identity of our customers. These fake accounts were used
to make twenty–nine transfers of $10,000 each, equaling $290,000. The bank transfers were being
sent to several U.S. bank accounts of unknown individuals. The U.S. banks involved in the transfers
were Bank A in California, Bank B in New York, Bank C in Texas, and Bank D in Florida. After the
funds were transferred to one of these banks, the funds were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
1030, which "outlaws conduct that victimizes computer systems. It is a cyber security law. It
protects federal computers, bank computers, and computers connected to the internet. It shields them
from trespassing, threats, damage, espionage, and from being corruptly used as instruments of
fraud." (Doyle, 2014) The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act states the laws that will help protect VL
Bank and its customers by congress, in addition to prosecuting the individuals causing the crime.
Within the CFAA, paragraph 1030(a)(4) outlines the computer fraud protection that VL Bank can
use with federal authorities to protect their assets and prosecute. It states that a "protected
computers" can be one used by a financial institution. It further defines the fraud as anything
obtained of value more than $5,000 over a course of a year. Within the parameter of this legal
jurisdiction, VL Bank can provide federal authorities like the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
the digital proof of the money being fraudulently transferred from transaction logs, allowing for the
authorities to begin their investigations. VL Bank must show that the alleged violation
"caused...loss...aggregating at least $5,000 in value." 18 U.S.C. Section 1030(c)(4)(A)(i) (Akerman,
2010) Additionally in the same

Computer Fraud And Abuse Act Of 1986 (CFA)
Ethical issues or principles are expression of how we should behave as individuals and as a society.
They are moral judgments that can be applied to a particular situation to help us make decisions and
guide our behavior. Inevitably, they are linked to cultural values at a particular time in our history
and are subject to change as attitudes and values evolve. What was normative just a half century ago
may now be considered insensitive today. The consideration of computer ethics fundamentally
emerged with the birth of computers. There was concern right away that computers would be used
inappropriately to the detriment of society, or that they would replace humans in many jobs,
resulting in widespread job loss. To grasp fully the issues involved with computer ethics, it is
important to consider the history. Cyber fraud which I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 (CFAAct) is the cornerstone of many computer related
federal laws and enforcement effort. The Laws provide guidance for many things, including
computer use. Sometimes users confuse what is legal with regard to computer use with what is
reasonable behavior for using computers. Laws basically define the minimum standard about which
actions can be reasonably judged, but such laws also call for individual judgment. Computer users
often do not realize they also have a responsibility to consider the ramifications of their actions and
to behave accordingly. I believe that when we establish a computer ethics program with education,
training and awareness programs, it is important to consider the topics that have been addressed and
researched. Moreover, despite sometimes tense relationship researchers can have with their
institutional review boards (IRBs), these groups can often help researchers think about how to
address potential dilemmas before projects

The Common Types Of Health Care Fraud
1) What is the HIPPA definition of fraud? Give an example of fraud.
a. The HIPPA definition of fraud is:
i. "Knowingly, and willfully executes or attempts to execute a scheme...to defraud any healthcare
benefit program or to obtain by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises
any of the money or property owned by...any healthcare benefit program". ii. One of the most
common types of health care fraud occurs when there is a misrepresentation of provided services,
due to incorrect coding.
2) Define abuse as it applies to healthcare. Provide an example of abuse.
a. "Abuse is most often defined in terms of acts that are inconsistent with sound medical or business
practice."
i. Abuse occurs due to an unintentional practice that results in an overpayment to a provider of
health care services. An example of abuse could include providing medical services that are
unnecessary based on the patient's condition, as long as the overtreatment is a non–intentional act.
3) What is the primary difference between fraud and abuse?
a. The distinguishing factor between abuse and fraud is that abuse cannot be proven to have been
committed intentionally, whereas fraud can.
4) What are four possible solutions in identifying and reducing fraud and abuse?
a. Training and education
b. Implementation of computer–assisted coding
c. Increased federal enforcement of fraud and abuse monitoring
d. Use of data and modeling and data mining
5) Define both traditional and

The Common Types Of Fraud And Abuse
In today's society more and more individuals are being the affected by fraud and abuse by healthcare
in both direct and indirect manners. Fraud is known and defined as a deceptions that is knowingly
caused, erroneous statements, and misinterpretation made by an individual with the intent to deceive
another person in order to benefit oneself of another individual. Abuse is known as practices that are
inconsistent with the standards of care given by professionals, the truth behind the term medical
necessity or sound medical practices. Intent is the major distinction between the terms fraud and
abuse. Both fraud and abuse can be committed by a variety of individuals including insurance
companies, physicians, and even patients.
The most common types of fraud and abuse seen in healthcare occur in billing for services that have
not been performed, or overbilling for services that have been provided, and most disturbingly,
misdiagnosing medical conditions to prevent incurring the financial responsibility for the proper
treatment of illnesses or diseases. A variety of individuals within our population can be affected
when fraud and/or abuse occurs.
Decreasing the amount of fraud and abuse that we see in society will not be easy but it is possible.
In order to do this the healthcare industry needs to consider a few key ideas. What actions need to be
taken to decrease the seemingly high costs of health insurance premiums and copayments? Who
ultimately pays the bill when

Healthcare Fraud and Abuse
Healthcare Fraud and Abuse As we head into the next four years under the Obama administration,
many Americans are hearing more and more about healthcare reform and what needs to be done to
fix the ailing healthcare system. Part of the dramatic increase in healthcare costs is due to Medicare
fraud abuse. Healthcare fraud is defined as making false statements or representations of material
facts in order to obtain benefits or payment. Healthcare abuse is defined as practices involving the
overuse or misuse of services, either accidentally or intentionally, for various reasons that results in
overpayment. These acts may be committed by an individual person or an entity. Fraud and abuse
exposes a person, provider, or entity to criminal and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The CMS plays a role in this collaboration by suspending the payments of suspected fraud schemes
(Morris, 2011). There are also special laws in place that help fight against healthcare fraud and
abuse. The False Claims Act protects the government from being overcharged or sold less than
standard goods or services. The FCA imposes civil liability on a person or entity that submits a
fraudulent claim to the federal government. Civil penalties may include fines for up to 3 times the
amount of cost in damages to the government for submitting the fraudulent claims (CMS, 2012).
The Physician Self–Referral Law or Stark Law prohibits a physician from making a referral for
certain health services to an entity in which the physician has a compensation agreement. Civil
penalties include fines as well as exclusion from all Federal healthcare programs (CMS, 2012). The
Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program (HCFAC) was established under the Health
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. "During the time period from 1997 to 2007,
HCFAC collected over $11.2 billion in fraudulent claims, $1.8 billion in 2007 alone" (Rudman,
2009, para.9). The HIM profession plays a big role in controlling healthcare fraud and abuse through
monitoring of coding and billing practices in the workplace. There are many auditing programs used
to monitor appropriate coding and billing practices in the workplace. The HIM profession can
support

Report on Financial Statement Fraud Scheme Case Study: the...
Report on Financial Statement Fraud Scheme Case Study: The Importance of Timing
ACC/556
Professor
University of Phoenix
December 19, 2011
Memo
To: The Management
From: Forensic Auditor
Date: 12/19/2011
Subject: Case Study on the Importance of Timing and Financial Statement Fraud Scheme As our
company is in process of conducting investigation to detect any financial statement fraud or abuse, I
have come across the case where expenses were recorded in the financial statement under the period
it was disbursed to vendor and actual services occurred in next or other financial year period. It's
against the regulation of SEC and GAAP guidelines. In this particular case the repair were
completed in current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The sampling tools and techniques used in this investigation consists systematic random selection of
data from selected sources. The forensic accountant use computer forensics, data analytics and
interviews to allow them to assemble much of the required evidence for an investigation. This abuse
was detected when we see the invoice of heavy amount paid by end of the last year without any
inspection report or repair completion document in file. The further investigation showed it was
done later this year. No employee took any funds to commit financial fraud or larceny but the
financial statement were misleading to the users of those statements. A company may experience
such type of abuse or corruption schemes developed at any given time, more than one area or all
over the company. Corruption can be performed by fraudster employees who intentionally and
wrongfully use their influence to gain personal financial gain from company business transaction. It
can be limited to a particular department or it may exist in all structural levels. It is vital for a
company to review financial status routinely to ensure proper accounting and reporting procedures
are followed in entirety of company business transactions. It is extremely important to review before
an end of year transactions with heavy amounts to ensure validity of amount and services occurred
in that financial year.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Essay
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Everything is stored on the internet including highly classified
government information, and your bank information. How do we make sure no one steals, views, or
sells your passwords, and private information? Congress passed a law in 1986 called the Computer
Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) to protect the government's information. Many laws have been passed
that revises the CFAA. The CFAA has imprisoned many people, and many people want changes to
the CFAA today. The CFAA was made to cover the majority of computer crimes. The Computer
Fraud and Abuse Act was created because the United States Secret Service, and other government
agencies needed a law to allow them to investigate cyber–crimes. The United States ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Congress researched and listened to many cases of computer criminals involvement, and compiled
all of these problems to create the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Aaron's law is the biggest and
newest improvement to the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Aaron's Law was created and named
after Aaron Schwartz, a 26 year old student attending Massachusetts Intuition of Technology (MIT).
Aaron had downloaded many MIT Technology Documents. As his court date approached Aaron
hanged himself. Congress then passed Aaron's Law. Aaron's Law purpose is to create a way that
people do not face multiple or many charges against the CFAA. Aaron was not the only person that
has faced multiple charges from the CFAA. Andrew Auerheimer was found guilty for attacking
AT&T servers, and retrieving data on IPad users. He then transferred the information he found to an
internet gossip site. He received 41 months in prison. The same sentence a child pornographer
received that month. Another example of someone prosecuted using the CFAA is Keith Downey.
Keith was 28 when he attacked PayPal servers. The sentence Keith received was a 15 year prison
sentence. The same sentence that people who abuse children, and murder people because of gang
activity receive. The CFAA is currently an issue. Many people want the CFAA reformed to this day.
Technology improves, and internet crimes become a big problem as it improves. Since internet
crimes are nearly impossible to stop or find the

The Effects Of Cyberbullying On The Internet
This research benefits everyone who engages in the social networking on the internet with the
primary focus being the school aged adolescents and their parents. By exposing the issue in hand
and the negative impacts it carries will hopefully create positive response. Not only is cyberbullying
a huge threat in present time, but it can also lead to long term effects that could permanently ruin an
individual going through adulthood. Some of these devastating effects include: suicide, grades start
dropping, overall school participation begins to decline, depression, and vengeance (Mirsky, E. L.,
& Omar, H. A. 2015). The more society becomes involves in the situation, the better chance society
has in creating new laws to combat cyberbullying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
present laws that are in place become a problem. The country has become divided when it comes to
laws against cyberbullying. Several have implemented cyberbullying into their statutes and others
have not. The computer and fraud abuse act (CFAA) is the only current federal law that is even
remotely close and relevant to cyber laws and the prosecution of cyberbullying. The CFAA was set
in stone in 1984 by congress as an anti–hacking law when computer crime started to become
popular (King, A. V. 2010). This act was originally referred to as the counterfeit Access Device and
Computer Fraud Abuse Act, this statute only covered large financial institutions and government
computers (PBS, 2012). During 1996, certain amendments were pushed towards the CFAA under
the US Patriot act. Furthermore, during that year the National Information Infrastructure Protection
Act was introduced during this time. This act included language that was associated with any
computer linked to the internet (PBS, 2012). CFAA's main concern focuses on the language aspect
of it. This is because the language was too vague and this prevented crimes associated with
computer fraud from ever being prosecuted. According to King (2010), the argument that is brought
up is that the CFAA tends to focus their attention around a crucial phase which states, that by law it
is illegal to deliberately gain entrée to a computer without proper

Fraud And Abuse Act (CFAA)
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) The First Federal computer fraud law has an amendment
that was first passed in 1986 called the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act or for short the (CFAA).
Since then this amendment has been updated and things added to it to make sure it stands with the
growth of technology. This amendment and the ones that goes with it is vital to help up keep the
laws to help protect people and companies in the world of growing technology. One problem with
the CFAA is making sure it does keep up with the growing technology. The basic outcome for the
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act came to become what it is today when people were intentionally
accessing a computer without authorization. In 1984 the Comprehensive Crime Control Act ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advantages of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act are the mere fact that people don't just get
away with accessing computers without authorization. Have it put in place in 1986 and with all its
amendments that has been added and changes that are made have helped it over the years but its not
done nor will it ever be done. The last amendment was in 2008 that was ten years ago many things
have changed with computers and technology have the guide lines more direct and not as broad, the
fact that it needs to spell out everything in detail and allow for things that are not thought out or
possible now but may be a possibility written in the laws thinking outside the box of what could
happen even if it has not happened will not only help the innocent remain innocent but it will make
it easier for the guilty be charges and

Cybercrime : A Victim Of Cybercrime
Ever been locked out of an email account? How about locked out of facebook? Email sent to people
that you didn't send? If the answer is yes to any of the questions you were a victim of cybercrime.
Cybercrime Definition
Cybercrime (Computer Crime) is defined as the use of a computer to commit crimes such as fraud,
trafficking in child pornography, intellectual property, stealing Identities, or violating the privacy of
others (Britannica).
Cybercrime and Homeland Security Cybercrime is important to homeland security because it helps
to protect the United States against federal attacks. The Secret Service Electronic Crimes Task Force
focuses on identifying and locating international criminals. The United States and Immigration
Customs Enforcement (ICE) supports domestic and international investigations across the border
crime (Homeland Security). After the September 11 attacks, George Bush decided that twenty two
separate domestic agencies needed to be brought together to better protect the United States against
threats. The agencies help with analyzing threats and intelligence, guarding borders and airports,
protect critical infrastructures, and coordinate responses to emergencies (Cybercrime).
History of Cybercrime
In 1981, Ian Murphy was the first person to be tried and convicted as a felon of cybercrime. In 1984,
The Comprehensive Crime Control Act, which gave the Secret Service jurisdiction over computer
fraud was passed. In 1986, Congress passed the Computer

The Computer Fraud And Abuse Act
In 1986, Congress enacted the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). This act has been amended
numerous times, up until even recently in January of 2015 when President Obama brought forth a
proposal to expand the CFAA in his attempt to modernize law enforcement authorities to combat
cyber crime. This act has 7 different prohibitions. In the 2014 case, Facebook, Inc. v. Grunin, the
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was brought into question. The prohibition that was violated
includes that relating to the act of accessing to defraud and obtain value. The cyber and financial
crimes of young trading consultant, Martin Grunin pinned him against this act as well as bringing
upon many other legal questions. Facebook, Inc. v. Grunin demonstrates a breach of contract, a
violation of California Penal Code, fraud, and a demand for jury trial. The case of Facebook, Inc. v.
Grunin is extremely diverse. It took place in a North District Court of California in the San
Francisco division. It brings into question various facets of the law. This case is also very peculiar
because the guilty, yet wealthy defendant eventually chose to precede pro se with the case, meaning
that he consented to withdraw any and all of his attorneys. The plaintiff in this case, being
Facebook, Inc., commonly known as "Facebook" is considered a Delaware corporation with
business primarily taking place in Menlo Park, California. Therefore, its business operates under
California law. The defendant, identified earlier,

Computer Fraud And Abuse Act ( Cfaa ) And Cyberbullying Essay
Emily Jessep
Intellectual Property Crimes
Professors Dreyfuss and First
November 15, 2016
INCOMPATIBLE: The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and Cyberbullying
I. Introduction
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) does not cover cyberbullying done via social
networking websites and should not be used to prosecute it. Application of the CFAA to
cyberbullying prosecutions is inconsistent with the intended scope of the statute and the existing
interpretations of its provisions. Practically speaking, nothing in the history of the CFAA suggests
that Congress envisioned a cyberbullying prosecution under the statute. The CFAA itself was
developed in response to the emerging problems of cybercrime. Mail and wire fraud statutes could
not adequately deal with the issue. This shows that once technology develops, the legislature and
laws must develop with it.
Constitutionally, the CFAA fails as a tool to prosecute cyberbullying because, when applied to that
conduct, the statute is void for vagueness. First, the statute does not place an ordinary person on
notice that their conduct is illegal. Second, the statute does not give minimal objective criteria to
assist law enforcement agencies in its application.
Part II of this paper will discuss the cultural and legal definitions of cyberbullying and briefly touch
upon why it has become a pervasive problem. Part III of this paper will focus on the evolution of the
CFAA, its legislative history, and how courts are applying

Fraud, Abuse, and Waste
Fraud, Abuse, and Waste in the US Healthcare System
Tony Hackman
University of Phoenix
Financial Management in Health Care
HCS/577
Adam Craft
August 01, 2010
Fraud, Abuse, and Waste in the US Healthcare System Healthcare insurance costs have risen at the
average rate of three percent over the inflation rate for the past 10 years. As a result, the government
is spending a larger percentage of GDP on healthcare for Americans. One of the reasons for this
increase in the overall cost for healthcare is directly related to the increase in fraud, waste, and
abuse. It is estimated that the United States spends between 15 and 25 billion dollars annually
because of fraud, waste, and abuse (fwa). This paper will examine the types of ... Show more
Double billing both the patient and the insurance company for prescriptions is another example.
Improperly keeping an overpayment from a government or private payer also classifies as fwa. Now
that there have been many examples cited, a clear definition of fwa exists, and the government
agencies that oversee fwa have been reviewed, we will examine prosecutions and protections.
Heavy fines, exclusions from participation, and criminal prosecution can be the consequences for
those who violate the laws surrounding fwa for healthcare. Over 1500 entities were excluded from
participating in federal healthcare programs last year because of their involvement with fwa. The
government has also instituted to protect those who report fwa from repercussions from other
institutions or individuals. The False Claims Act protects company whistleblowers by protecting
their current job, forbidding the alleged company from acts of demotion, suspension, or harassment
to the employee. Potential remedies against retaliation include job reinstatement with double back
pay and other special damages. Law suits called "Qui tam" where a company employee or private
citizen sues the company on behalf of the Federal Government for fwa violations. The employee of
private citizen may be rewarded with as much at 30 percent of the amount discovered to be owed to
the government based on the circumstances

completely dead (Lee, 2013). The Morris worm exploits two major vulnerabilities: a flaw in the
debug mode of UNIX sendmail program and a flaw in the fingered network service. The worm was
designed to go to every computer to check if it's affected, and duplicate itself automatically. The
self–duplication expedited loads of systems and finally crashed them, and of course, this feature
would also alarm system administrators. Robert Morris got arrested 1989, and became the first
person to be indicted under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. However this punishment didn't
hurt his career too much, he is now tenure in MIT since 2006 (Lee, 2013). The Master of Deception
The Master of Deception (MOD) is the first hacking gang in hacking history, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It uses the flaws in Windows computers to break into a computer and links other affected or
unaffected computers together into a huge botnet ("Conficker", 2015). The botnet can be controlled
remotely by the author(s)' of the worm. Conficker worm infected 9 million to 15 million Windows
computers in over 200 countries in the world including government, military, business, and home
computers. So far the author of this worm is still unknown ("Conficker", 2015). The MafiaBoy
Mafiabioy is a nickname of a 15–year–old Canadian boy Michael Calce. Calce executed the first
major DDoS attack and hacked into the most popular websites at that time (Ries, 2010). Calce first
launched a worm called "Project Rivolta" and brought down the website of Yahoo, which was the
largest search engine back then. After he successfully hacked Yahoo, he continued starting DDoS
attacks to some of the largest commercial websites like CNN, Amazon, Dell, and eBay (Ries, 2010).
Calce also tried to hack several name servers but failed. Calce got arrested at home and stayed in jail
for three years. He is almost the youngest cracker who successfully broke into major websites and
systems ("MafiaBoy", 2015). WelChia We have been talking about malicious hackers all the

Importance Of Setting Legal Measures
Legal Measures: This deals with the laws related to cybersecurity that are already or will be set in
place by the nation's legal system which is comprised of many parts involving Federal and State
Governments, Laws, and Courts. Setting legal measures is extremely vital to the protection of
information within many government, public, or private organizations as it addresses various
initiatives, such as improving government security practices, increasing penalties for computer
crimes, and fighting threats to the systems infrastructure. They can also make employees,
contractors, representatives, etc., more aware of their actions within the workplace or at home and
just in general information technology environments. One example of a cyber law in place is "The
Computer Fraud & Abuse Act of 1984" (CFAA) which is a federal law that makes it illegal to
intentionally access a computer without authorization or in excess of authorization. ... Show more
One criminal case involving this act is "United States vs Aaron Swartz, 2011" when Aaron Swartz, a
computer programmer and entrepreneur, allegedly entered an MIT wiring closet and set up a laptop
to mass–download articles from "Journal Storage" (JSTOR). He was arrested by MIT campus police
and federal prosecutors later charged him with two counts of wire fraud and eleven violations of the
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, carrying a cumulative maximum penalty of $1 million in fines, 35
years in prison, asset forfeiture, restitution, and supervised release. He then later committed suicide
while under federal

Essay on The Prosecution and Tragic Death of Aaron Swartz
In light of the recent prosecution and tragic death of Aaron Swartz, it is my belief an formal
examination of the current legal processes is required. But first, the events leading to the current
moral turmoil must be reviewed.
After illegally downloading millions of articles from a digital library (JSTOR) with the intent to
distribute them online, computer programmer and political activist Aaron Swartz was caught and
arrested by MIT authorities. Under the "Computer Fraud and Abuse Act" Aaron Swartz was
federally charged with numerous counts of Wire Fraud, Computer Fraud, and Unlawfully Obtaining
Information from a Protected Computer, Recklessly Damaging a Protected Computer" ("United
states of,"2011).hese charges carried the potential of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However in Aarron Swartz case where the amount of files were retrieved he did not receive a similar
punishment because of his methods used. Now with the rise in computer crime it is difficult to
measure the impact inflicted. However in the case of Aaron Swartz his crime has been described as
"trying to put someone in jail for allegedly checking too many books out of the library" (Declan,
2013). However because of the current copyright laws in the "Computer Fraud and Abuse Act" he
was prosecuted differently. It is my opinion that in light of the significant threats posed by
anonymous we need to examine whether an abuse of justice was committed. I contacted a Professor
Jonathan Simon at University of California, Berkeley who specializes in Law and Social Policy to
provide a third party perspective on this matter. In his famed novel "Governing Through Crime"
Professor Simon examines the relationship between the fear of crime and the increase in
Prosecutorial Authority. Historically speaking, prosecutors possessed limited power but were
intended to represent the public. However, following social and political declaration of a war on
crime, prosecutors were shifted into the political spotlight with additional legal powers. During this
progression a form of accountability and oversight was not implemented proportionally. Simon
specifically describes this concern

Fraud And Abuse Act
As our technology changes so do we, and so does the world of criminal activities. There are people
out there who can steal from you using computers and the internet. What do we have that can protect
us from these types of criminal actions? There several different laws that protect U.S. citizens from
cybercrime, one that comes to mind is The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). There are seven
subsections, but we are going to focus on Subsection 1030. Subsection 1030 is theft of finical
information, this law protects citizens from cyber trespassing, threats, damage, and fraud (Cornell
Law School, 2017). This law protects citizens from hackers stealing their money, or causing a lot of
economic damage. On August 11, 2015 nine people

The Pros And Cons Of Internet Hacking
Internet hacking is considered a white–collar crime, which means it is a nonviolent crime; however,
it involves deceit, corruption, and a breach of trust. Internet hacking can be involved with identity
theft and fraud involving credit cards, e–commerce, and securities. All of those crimes can be
considered up to a felony depending upon how serious the offense was. One of the first laws dealing
with the computer crimes dates back to 1984 when the Federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was
passed. The act prohibits accessing a computer without the authorization, or in excess of
authorization. The act has been amended multiple times, the most recent being in 2008. Richard
Mann and Barry Roberts say, "The Act makes it a crime with respect to any computer that is used in
interstate commerce or communications (1) to access or damage it without authorization, (2) to
access it with the intent to commit fraud, (3) to traffic in passwords for it, and (4) to threaten to
cause damage to it with the intent to extort money or anything of value" (Mann and Roberts 111). A
case that correlates with this act is LVRC Holdings LLC. V. Brekka. In 2009 Brekka who had
previously worked for LVRC was allegedly hacked information about clients and using it to start his
own business to compete against LVRC. Even if an employee accesses a computer for an improper
purpose, the employee remains authorized to access the computer until the employer revokes the
employee's access. The ruling ended in favor of

Accounting Information System Security
Since the society has become progressively dependent on networks for business, the management of
company's information online has developed into an issue to be concerned. AIS, which is short for
Accounting Information System, is not merely related to accounting information management as the
business develops around the world. In the various explanations of AIS in the Lecture 1, p12130
Accounting Information System, presented at the University of Nottingham Ningbo by Trevor
Bayley, Vaassen (2002) defined AIS as provides information for decision–making and accountability
to internal and external stakeholders providing the right conditions for decision making and ensures
that no assets illegitimately exit the organisation. In terms of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Besides, the IT department should update its technology support timely and constantly. In views of
how the network can be attacked by hackers, the process of the constructing a network of a company
should be reviewed. First of all, when a website is being designed, the developer should ensure the
script of the website is perfectly planned and repeatedly tested, not leaving any type of loop–hole for
hackers to obtain confidential information of the company. In the second place, the users of network
should carefully handle their crucial information. Raines (2008) claimed that majority of
cybercrimes are caused by the reason of users giving their information to unverified websites. To
consolidate the precaution of users about cybercrime, an awareness may better be established that
computer virus can guide itself into a computer with great ability without being discovered (ibid).
Pay attention to all aspects of computer security, insider threats to information occupies a significant
place. Although outsiders, for example, hackers, are generally regarded as a big threat to a company,
the company staffs are actually putting a greater risk for security of company information. In the
perspective of Shaw et al (n.d.), increasing dependence on information technology enhance the
reliance on technology workers who are involved with design, maintenance and operation of
network

Essay about Accounting Information System Report
REPORT ON REDUCING
COMPUTER FRAUD
Name: ZHAOJUN HU
Student NO: 20137098
Class: TACC403 Accounting information system
Submission date: September 20, 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
INTRODUCTION 1
IS SOFTWARE LICENSING ANTISOCIAL?..................................................................2
COMPUTER SECURITY MEASURES 3
WOULD THE REMOVAL OF COMPUTER SECURITY MASURES REDUCE THE INCIDENCE
OF COMPUTER FRAUD? 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIO 6
REFERENCES 8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The aim of this report is to discuss the various methods of reducing computer fraud and to find out
whether the computer security measures is necessary. In the main body of this report discuss about
whether the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethical teaching which is to educate users about good moral behavior.
Some people believes that software licensing restrict the technology growth due to conditions of
license and giving the students unlimited authorities to entry the computer could cultivate
constructive and civilized conduct of them. Computer securities is a puzzle, it will attracted people
who is curious about puzzles, so without computer security it will reducing the hackers who is break
in by curiosity. Finally, it will make a conclusion and recommendation as to whether software

licensing is antisocial or not, ethical teaching is effectiveness or not and can eliminating the
computer security reduce the computer fraud. It should be noted that the report is limited to
evaluating situation from software licensing, ethical teaching and reducing computer measures, in
accordance with instructions.
IS SOFTWARE LICENSING ANTISOCIAL?
A software license is usually an agreement that grants a right to use software code to someone else.
A license usually grants less rights than a sale of a copy of the software. A computer activist Richard
Stallman who is believes software licensing is antisocial because it prohibits the growth of
technology by keeping information away from the neighbors. The prohibition on subsequent
transfers hinders economic efficiency by keeping second–generation buyers and sellers apart and the
restrictions on the use of products stifle entrepreneurialism and innovation.

The War On Controlling Fraud And Abuse Essay
The War on Controlling Fraud and Abuse in the Current U.S. Healthcare System
Introduction:
Healthcare fraud and abuse has become a major issue for the United States healthcare system and
affect many the citizens. The National Health Care Anti–Fraud Association (NHCAA) estimates that
the financial losses due to health care fraud are in the tens of billions of dollars each year. In 2011,
$2.27 trillion was spent on health care and more than four billion health insurance claims were
processed in the United States (Challenge of Health Care Fraud, n.d.). A small percentage of those
claims resulted in fraudulent claims and that is our new normal in our health care society today.
Those small fractions of fraudulent claims can add up quickly and totally destroy our health care
system as we know it today. Some citizens may fall to realize what impact fraud plays in our lives.
Fraudulent cases have an effect on how much we pay for health insurance premiums and increase
our out–of–pocket costs when we seek healthcare services. For employers–private and government
alike–health care fraud increases the cost of providing insurance benefits to employees and, in turn,
increases the overall cost of doing business (Challenge of Health Care Fraud. n.d.) . "In 2014, the
federal government recovered nearly $5.7 billion in health care cases, up $1.9 billion from the prior
fiscal year. Of that amount, $2.3 billion was tied to healthcare fraud against the federal government,
according to

Computer Fraud Act
As years pass and technology continues to advance, so should our laws. However, the Computer
Fraud and Abuse Act, passed in 1984, has only seen minor alterations occurring over the last three
decades. In 2013, a new draft of the CFAA was introduced, but if passed, would not make necessary
reforms. Proposed ideas included harsher punishments and "impermissible purpose," meaning you
were given the right to access the information from the start, but if deemed you are misusing your
access, it is a crime. Given these proposals and lack of constructive change, I believe it would be
imperative to amend the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, but using different propositions than
offered in the 2013 draft. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act can be broken ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The article even said that many experts and lawyers feel the sentences should be reduced or even
removed completely, yet the draft increased them significantly. Referring to Aaron Swartz, who if he
has not committed suicide, most likely would have been sentenced to twenty years, could have faced
much worse under the new propositions. For each charge, Swartz could have faced a maximum of
twenty years, a grand total of eighty years if convicted. Regrettably, we were never able to see the
Swartz case continue to trial, nor see a final conviction, yet this new plan offers nothing favorable
for any party involved. Additionally, anyone who conspires to commit will receive the same
violation as someone who committed the crime. This is puzzling because it is two separate entities:
either you perpetrated or you conspired, but never followed through. For the two to be treated as the
same is downright atrocious, and both should never be equated. Nevertheless, the suggestion of
accessing information for an "impermissible purpose" is quite eye–opening. These "offenders" have
authorized access, yet if someone determines they misused the access, they could be prosecuted.
One person's idea of misusing a computer can vastly differ from another, and it should be evaluated
with a fine–tooth comb to determine the possible severity of the offense. The Computer Fraud and
Abuse Act is,

The Differences in Laws and Privacy in the United States...
In Computer Security what are the differences in laws and privacy between United States vs.
European Union? Do the laws that a society have in place deter computer hacking or should we
require to have better systems and technology to prevent such an attacks. In reviewing the US's
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and the changes that have been made to improve computer security
in the private sector, to see if these enough to protect our systems from cybercrimes? Will the
addition of the Aaron law to this act going to improve computer security? Is the government just
playing with terms and phase, or can this amendment true help protect our systems and how will
hacking be handled in the future? I will outline that our government is merely addressing hacking on
a, as it happened bases compared to the European Union and does not clearly define the modern
issue that we are handling or what they will become.
The Computer Fraud & Abuse Act (18 USC 1030) is legislation that was first enacted in 1986 to
clarify the existing computer fraud law created in 1984 it helped to identify and speak to malicious
code and hacking attacks. The legislation identifies what is consider a crime and were the line are
between crime and code are. Even though the Act clearly details what is not acceptable, it falls short
in today's modern time. The act was constructed in a time well before the Internet was a force that
everyone uses 100 of times a day. The Act can be broadly interpreted and can be

What Is Cyber Crime?
WHAT IS CYBER CRIME?
Crime is a common word that we always heard in this globalization era. Crimes refer to any
violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been
associated with man since long time ago. There are different strategies practices by different
countries to contend with crime. It is depending on their extent and nature. It can be concluded that a
nation with high index of crime cases cannot grow or develop well. This is because crime is the
direct opposite of development. It can contribute to negative impact in term of social and economic
development.
Cyber crime is a new type of crime that occurs in this Science and Technology years. There are a lot
of definitions for cyber crime. According to Wikipidia.com cyber crime also known as computer
crime that refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. Cyber crime is defined as
crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. Besides
that cyber crime can be defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a
tool or a targeted victim (Joseph A E, 2006). Computer can be considers as a tool in cyber crime
when the individual is the main target of cyber crime. But computer can be considers as target when
the crime is directed to the computer. In addition, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes that
been conducted with the access of Internet. For example hate crimes, telemarketing Internet

Security Policy : Firms Need A Formal Security Program
Security policy: Firms need a formal security program which must be accompanied by formal
executive support. This lays the groundwork for a successful information security program. Firms
must also consider security policy as a living document that is subject to adjustments as the
organization evolves.
Security organization: Firms need a formal organizational structure in place to manage the overall
security program. This will allow the firm to assign the correct roles and reponsibilities. This
provides clarity for escalation processes and which resources will be involved in the event of a
security breech.
Asset classification and control: Firms need to have all their systems, networks, and devices
identified so the right security controls can be applied. In the case of large organizations, an asset
management system may be warranted to keep track of all the various assests of the company.
Personnel security: Firms need to incorporate security into their overall business processes. Firms
can expect their employees to adhere to reasonable security controls. Therefore, it may be necessary
to vet employees within the hiring process such as screening and performing background checks.
Monitoring employee system activity is necessary to ensure systems are secure.
Physical and environmental security: The security program will involve protecting the physical
hardware, buildings, and people. This may involve controlling access to doors or additional security

occupational fraud and abuse on the company
The effect of occupational fraud and abuse on the company
Occupational fraud and abuse is defined as "The use of one's occupation for personal enrichment
through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing organization's resources or assets"
(2012 Report To Nations On Occupation Fraud And Abuse, 2012). Occupational fraud entails
deceiving employing organization to obtain resources or assets for personal gain and abuse involves
misapplication of the resources provided by the employer. Occupational fraud is typically for three
types:
1. Corruption
2. Asset Misappropriation
3. Fraudulent Statement.
Amount these three categories, asset misappropriation, and corruption are the most common types
of fraud and abuse. In 2012 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is different from kickback schemes because benefits are provided as a reward for the decision
made not to influence the decision.
3. Economic Extortion– This scheme is different from bribery and illegal gratuities, as in this case
employee of the victim company demands something of value from outside party, and refusal to pay
by outside party may causes loss of business.
4. Conflicts of Interest – This occurs when employee has an undisclosed economic or personal
interest in a transaction that makes the employee not to think in the best interest of the victim
company that ultimately adversely affects the company.
Recommendation of types of accounting evidence and methods of gathering such evidence to
support the financial status review
It is of great importance that every fraud examiner or forensic accountant to have good knowledge
of the rules of the court, legal system, and evidence for successful competition of the investigation.
In order to be accepted as evidence, it must be relevant , material, and competent.
"Relevant evidence means evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of
consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be
without the evidence" ("Rule 401: Relevant Evidence– TN Court", 2013). Materiality requires that
evidence must prove a point and competency entails that

The Pros And Cons Of Internet Privacy
Now, the Internet is not only a way people access information, but also the net that connects them.
People use it to communicate with friends and family, keep current events and shop online. The
using of Internet sometimes involves personal data, triggers fraud and abuse. These are the reason
people have laws to protect themselves. People now much more cherish their privacy, so the
government takes the responsibility of establishing the Internet privacy law and develop them.
However, the legislative constitution in United States still faced criticism that need to father revise
and develop.
In the mid–1980s law enforcement agencies of US confronted the beginning of the PC(personal
computer) age with developing worry about the absence of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Computers were influenced by many locales, including colleges, military destinations, and
therapeutic research offices. The evaluated cost of managing the worm was from $200 to more than
$53,000. In the end, Morris was convicted of violating the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and
condemned three years in jail, 400 hours of community service, and a fine of 10,050.
Now some researchers like Tim Wu, a professor at Columbia Law School, still hold a critical view
of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. They claim that the definition of unauthorized access to the
Internet is not so clear. For the Morris worm, the second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the
conviction as an unauthorized access because he did not utilize the email website in its normal way."
in any way related to their intended function. He did not send or read mail nor discover information
about other users; instead, he found holes in both programs that permitted him a special and
unauthorized access route into other computers," Judge Jon Newman wrote in the decision. This
actually gave over a narrow definition of unauthorized access: Using programming for the function
expected by its designer is legitimate, as indicated by the Morris administering, however
discovering vulnerabilities in that product and misusing them to accomplish something different
isn't. It brings up an issue vital to the CFAA: Do we truly need to

The Pros And Cons Of Computer Privacy
Our public, both worldwide and national, depends intensely on computers in innumerable aspects of
its everyday operation. This improvement in technology makes it easy for the cooperations to collect
people's personal data through their online activities. People pay more and more attention to Internet
privacy, They do not want their data to be unauthorized accessed by anyone at anytime. The United
State government issued the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to solve this online privacy problem. In
United State, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act develop quickly, but still, require further revises.
In the 1980s, only minority of people have the computer, committing a computer crime needed
sophisticated programing skills. Because of the unpopular of the computer, people did not think
misuse of the Internet will lead to bad consequence or become a kind of crime. Cooperations or
government can easily steal or trespass anyone's account because people think crime always related
to the physical interaction of personal property. Quick forward for about thirty years, this is another
story. The Internet has been used for every day nearly every home. After the legislators realized the
threat of hackers and other intrusions of online data, the Congress of US created a category called
crimes of computer misuses. Wargames, a film produced in 1983, talked about a young programmer
finds a way to enter the website of military center and almost triggered the World War III. This
movie reflects the

Health Care Fraud and Abuse
| | |Health Care Fraud and Abuse | | | | | | |6/17/2012 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mission of the OIG is carried out by using a multidisciplinary, combined approach, with six
major departments of the OIG in which plays a very important role. The OIG uses a nationwide
network of audits, investigations, and evaluations results in timely information as well as cost–
saving or policy recommendations for deciding on important matters and the community. That
network also assists in the development of cases for criminal, civil and administrative enforcement.
(US Department of Health and Human Services) The Immediate Office of the Inspector General is
directly responsible for the overall implementation of OIG's operation and for promoting operational
administration and the attribute of OIG processes and products. The Immediate Office staff is
responsible for the following: serve as liaison to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of HHS review
all existing and proposed HHS regulations and legislation promote OIG activities and
accomplishments by reaching out to the public, media and other external entities compile and issue
publications that provide an overview of OIG's work, including the annual Work Plan and
Semiannual Report(s) to Congress coordinate congressional testimony process all Freedom of
Information Act requests Plan, conduct and participate in a variety of cooperative projects within
HHS and with other Government agencies. The Office of Audit Services (OAS)

Types Of Computer Fraud, The Association It Has With A...
This essay will focus on describing three types of Computer Fraud, the association it has with a
legalisation in UK and the effectiveness of each legalisations for prosecution. Each fraud mentioned
are associated with the categories of fraud mentioned below.
"They look upon fraud as a greater crime than theft" (Swift, 1838)
Fraud is defined by Oxford English Dictionary as "the use of false representations to obtain an
unjust advantage or to injure the rights or interests of another" (OED, 1956). Computers are an
advanced aid for fraudsters to commit the act from great distances with the use of online resources.
However, people can now use smartphones, ATM's, credit/debit cards and emails, to commit fraud,
thus, allowing easy access for individuals to perpetrate fraud or be exploited by it.
A 'Get Safe Online survey' from the government included statistics indicating (All from Gov.uk,
2014):
– 51% of 2000 occupants surveyed in Great Britain have dealt with online crime
– Internet fraud has caused £670 million lost during 2013–2014
– 47% of individuals do not know how to report computer fraud
Action Fraud reports have shown (All from McGuire and Dowling, 2013):
– 47,980 computer fraud cases were reported in 2012
– 39% of computer frauds reported were online shopping and auction frauds
– Under 8% were reported to be computer software fraud
Even though these statistics are from trusted sources, the figure may be higher for online fraud
because of unreported or unknown

Warren Gregson Case Summary
The United States of America indicted Warren Gregson, in the United States District Court for the
District of Prestonia for the violation of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act after obtaining evidence
from a border search of his person and laptop. Gregson, the vice principal at Northwest High
School, accessed a video through his work computer of a transgender student's locker being
vandalized by members of the football team. (R. 18.) Gregson accessed the video using Principal
Paul Fletcher's username and password. (R. 18.) Gregson believed the player transgression was
being covered up and he anonymously uploaded it on a social media website. (R. 18.) He then
deleted the video from his computer and wiped his hard drive clean. (R. 18.) Returning

Computer Science Department At George Washington University
Over the past few years, hackers have made numerous shadowy attacks to remain undetected
throughout companies crippled security in effort for them to build a stronger protection platform. In
2013, hackers breached and disabled multiple sections of the electric grid in the United States. This
mayhem unleashed was simulated but it warned the government to take action on the growing
threats of cyberattacks and they did so. Bryn Nelson (2014) confirms a problem as he uses experts
like president Obama who stated that cyberattacks were called one of the most serious economic and
national security challenges that the United States faces in today's world (p. 517). If different web
platforms don't take action, then it would be very catastrophic for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Externally, hackers gather information for their own personal gain and to pose a great threat from
outside of the business or person's home because they can find access into the system a lot easier
with new advanced technology. Over time, computer hacking has grown into something that is
essentially a worldwide problem in countries like North Korea, Russia, the United States, and China
that is. Overall, some of these countries are trying to eliminate and capture hackers and produce a
stronger, more secure–based program for all of the computer platforms. By taking these hackers off
the market it can control the large amount of hackers that are roaming around the internet looking
for an open system to invade and get information from. In other words, people throughout the world
can claim that hackers that hack people and businesses are doing the world justice by exploiting
what they are hiding from the public. That's false. The fact is, that people and businesses do it so
they can have a form of privacy outside of just printing and storing some documents that could end
up getting lost.
People and businesses aren't practicing safe habits by using unbreachable security systems. This is
one of many different reasons hackers have an upper hand when it comes to entering their systems.
No matter how safe they think they are, they really aren't with the lack of coding for different
platforms or just overall protection.

Essay about Internal Accountant's Report to Management
Running head: INTERNAL ACCOUNTANT'S REPORT TO MANAGEMENT
Internal Accountant's Report to Management ACCT 556
Introduction
As the internal accountant of the European Newspaper Company, I have to perform various
financial operations, and I am considered the expert in this field. As we all are faced with
preparation for the upcoming government contract bid, we need to have a better understanding of
how our company runs the business and issues that we can face if we enter into this contract. It is
vital to visualize the actual impact of occupational fraud and abuse in the company. We also need to
know how the US government oversees the accounting fraud and abuse and its affect on the
company. What ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every company is required to obey the rules, and can have criminal charges for any violations. If our
company becomes a government supplier, once the bid is accepted, it will come under scrutiny of
the Government Accountability Office. The Government Accountability Office is an agency;
however, they work for Congress and have watchdog duties. It has jurisdiction over bid protest
rulings; it can issue legal decisions relating to government contracts, and investigates allegations of
illegal and improper activities.
Section III Potential corruption schemes to be aware of within the company
It is very important to be aware of the potential corruption schemes within the company. The most
common form of corruption that can occur within the organization is bribery where the vendors are
bribed to get business. This scheme involves exchange of value to get a contract or secure a project.
The illegal payments can be made to maintain business relationships. One of the widely known
corruption schemes is a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest is usually occurs when a company
or an employee is involved in multiple interests that can corrupts the motivation for in act in others.
Extortion is another type of corruption which can occur in any company. In this scheme, a vendor is
ordering to make a payment for

The Billing Of Billing Medicare
The billing for services not rendered for are often done as a way of billing Medicare for things or
services, that basically never occurred. This can involve forging the signature of those enrolled in
Medicare or Medicaid, and the use of bribes or as Healthcare calls it, kickbacks to corrupt healthcare
professionals. Upcoding of services is the act of billing Medicare programs for services that are
more costly than the actual procedure that was done. Upcoding of items is also very similar to
upcoding of services, but it involves the use of medical equipment. For example, billing Medicare
for a highly sophisticated and expensive wheelchair, while only giving the patient a manual
wheelchair is upcoding of items. Duplicating claims occur when a provider does not submit exactly
the same bill, but alters small things such as the date in order to charge Medicare twice for the same
service rendered. Therefore rather than a single claim being filed twice, the same service is billed
two times in an attempt to receive payments from the government twice. Unbundling involves bills
for particular services are submitted as fragmentary, which appear to be staggered out over time.
Although, these services would normally cost less when bundled together, but by manipulating the
claim, a higher charge is billed to Medicare resulting in a higher pay out to the party committing the
healthcare fraud. Excessive services occur when Medicare is billed for something greater than what
the level of

Research Paper On Health Care Fraud And Abuse
According to Paul E. Kalb MD, JD, these trends will likely continue". Fraud and abuse will exist.
Therefore, the strictest of fines and sentencing of imprisonment are the many consequences for
anyone violating the law and it can include; civil monetary penalties, loss of licensing, loss of
staffing privileges, and expulsion from participating in all federal health care programs. Under
federal laws anyone that commits fraud at any degree especially fraud that results in any injury of
any kind to a patient, fines and imprisonment doubles to twenty years in jail and if the fraud results
in death of a patient they can and will be sentenced to life in a federal prison. The US Department of
Justice also enforce federal criminal and civil statutes. The Department of Health and also the
Human Services' Office of Inspector General can pursue administrative actions; and all state can
pursued there own actions through their individual state laws. In addition, under the False Claims
Act, acting in the name of the United States, private whistle–blowers may file suits against any
physician that has committed these crimes. Enforcement of health care fraud and abuse laws has
become increasingly self–satisfying and now affects many providers. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Call your State Insurance Fraud Bureau and make a claim on STOP Medicare Fraud. Finally file a
complaint with the State Medical Boards.
And here is a list of solutions that will help you identify and reduce fraud and abuse: Train and
educate employees and patients. Have a computer–assisted coding or (CAC) program in place to
help increase federal monitoring of fraud and abuse. And also use a data modeling and data mining

The Problem Of Fraud And Abuse Essay
The Problem of Fraud and Abuse in the Current U.S. Healthcare System
Introduction:
Healthcare fraud and abuse has become a major issue for the United States healthcare system and
affect many the citizens. The National Health Care Anti–Fraud Association (NHCAA) estimates that
the financial losses due to health care fraud are in the tens of billions of dollars each year. "In 2011,
$2.27 trillion was spent on health care and more than four billion health insurance claims were
processed in the United States. The harsh reality is that some of these health insurance claims are
fraudulent. Although they constitute only a small fraction, those fraudulent claims carry a very high
price tag." (Challenge of Health Care Fraud, n.d.) The impact of health insurance fraud has a direct
and indirect impact on all of our lives. Fraudulent cases have an effect on how much we pay for
health insurance premiums and increase our out–of–pocket costs when we seek healthcare services.
For employers–private and government alike–health care fraud increases the cost of providing
insurance benefits to employees and, in turn, increases the overall cost of doing business (Challenge
of Health Care Fraud. n.d.) . In 2014, the federal government recovered nearly $5.7 billion in health
care cases, up $1.9 billion from the prior fiscal year. Of that amount, $2.3 billion was tied to
healthcare fraud against the federal government, according to a recent review by the Nashville, TN
firm of Bass, Berry & Sims

The Internet's Own Boy: The Story Of Aaron Swartz
In the motion picture "The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz," the film portrays the
lifespan of Aaron Hillel Swartz a computer programmer, political organizer, writer, and Internet
activist. Swartz was involved in the development of many internet websites and file formats. Swartz
died by suicide while under federal prosecution for data–theft. Federal prosecutors later charged him
with 2 counts of wire fraud and 11 violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. This is his story
(dramatic music like Law & Order). Swartz was born in Chicago, Illinois, and was the firstborn son
of Jewish parents Susan and Robert Swartz. Being involved in a family that had internet all around,
Swartz engrossed himself in the study of computers, programming, and the internet. Swartz left high
school in the 10th grade, and enrolled in courses at a Chicago area college. At age 13, Swartz won
an "ArsDigita Prize," a prize that is given to young people who create "useful, educational, and
collaborative" noncommercial websites. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After the summer of 2005, Swartz was determined not to return to Stanford, choosing instead to
continue to develop and seek funding for a project he was co–founding called Infogami. In the
movie "The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz," it stated, "In the same year, he wrote a
widely circulated Guerilla Open Access Manifesto." In 2009, Swartz helped launch the "Progressive
Change Campaign"

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act does have is befits when protecting people though. The act
itself is completely necessary and has made the United states a safer place. The act protects user
information from companies and hackers. In September of 2000 America Online won its case
against the National Health Care Discount corporation for violation of the Computer Fraud and
Abuse Act. The National Health Care Discount corporation hired emailers to send bulk emails to the
internet service provider America Online's customers. The National Health Care Discount
corporation illegally took the emails form the ISP's database and tried to sell their product through
sending ads to those emails. The National Health Care Discount corporation was found guilty of two
charges. The corporation was "liable for trespass to chattels and violation of Virginia Computer
Crimes Act (VCCA) and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)" (Samson) based upon acts of
e–mailers. The case was a large win for people against companies who are gathering and sending
data with unauthorized access. The act ended up protecting people from future scams or spam and
protected their email addresses from other people or corporations. The Computer Fraud and Abuse
Act is in desperate need of improvement and reform. The act has been used to protect companies
and people alike but has recently been abused multiple times. The lines between a misdemeanor and
federal crime are nonexistent. In most cases murder is let off

Fraud And Abuse In The U.S. Healthcare System

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