Teenage Activists, Plastic, And The Pacific Garbage Patch

Teenage Activists, Plastic, And The Pacific Garbage Patch
Tessa Maud English June 9, 2016 Protecting the Environment By Tessa maud Introduction Did you
know that 32 million tons of plastic is made yearly? The National Oceanic Atmospheric
Administration reports that approximately 1.4 billion pounds of trash per year enters the ocean?
Plastic has a great impact on our environment. It gets into our oceans and kills over We live in our
environment and we should really try to start protecting it. Many teenage activists are already ahead
of the game. In other words they have been helping the environment for a while now. The earth is
important and we need to protect it. This essay will teach you about about teenage activists, plastic,
and the Pacific Garbage Patch. When you turn on the news ... Show more content on
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Some people call the Pacific Garbage patch The Floating Island Of Trash. Well, it is trash, but not
exactly an island like some people think–– It is more like trash soup located near Midway
Island/Atoll. Midway is one third of the distance from Honolulu, Hawaii to Tokyo, Japan. Scientists
estimate that it is now the size of America! This garbage patch is a collection of marine debris that is
mostly made out of plastic. The debris collects in the pacific garbage patch due to a series of
currents that create a circular effect like a toilet bowl and a spiral. These currents are called the
gyres;the trash and debris gets trapped. Most of the trash is under the water, and much of it is so
small you can not see it. NOAA, the National Oceanic Atmospheric Association reported that," In
2008 plastic outweighs surface zooplankton 6 to 1." The garbage in Pacific Gyre is mainly plastic.
There are plastic bottles, plastic caps, plastic computer parts just to name a few. There is not only
one gyre in the ocean, there are 5. We have so much plastic that we should not be using. This plastic
is effecting the ocean, animals, people, and our
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Analysis Of Plastic Paradise : The Great Pacific Garbage...
Angela Sun's trailer on the "Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch" is a preview of her
documentary that uses intentional and carefully constructed rhetoric. In this trailer, Angela Sun
expresses the issue of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the harmful effects of plastic. The
motivation and goal of this piece is to educate and persuade consumers to stop consuming so much
plastic. Angela Suns emphasizes the the effects of plastic on the environment, ecosystems, and the
health effects on humans. Through pathos, ethos, and logos, Angela Sun implements these rhetorical
devices and exploits the destructive use of plastic.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a plastic waste land located in Midway Atoll. An ocean current
called a gyre is what makes these plastics circulate to this specific area. This swirling soup of
garbage is about 10 meters deep just below the water surface and consists of mostly non–degradable
plastic.This area is twice the size of Texas and contains plastic that is made into a "goo". Most
plastics are not biodegradable so they remain in the ocean for hundreds of years and break into tiny
toxic particles.These toxic particles are then mistaken by marine birds and aquatic life as food. They
digest them and are unable to break them down. Some of these fish are eaten by humans and then
we also exposed to these toxic chemicals as well. Although consumers already are being exposed to
harsh chemicals by plastic. Humans are exposed to a harmful chemical called bisphenol A, BPA is a
synthetic estrogen (and know endocrine disruptor). Consumers are unknowingly taking in these
harmful chemicals and damaging their health. The use excessive use of plastic is a striking issue that
is overseen and concerns us all.
Angela Sun's credibility is visible on the cover of her movie where one can see there are thirteen
awards that have been awarded to the documentary. Angela Sun may not be an expert herself but she
has the science community supporting her claim and researching along side with her. The trailer
contains a few experts discussing and supporting Angela Sun's claim of how plastic is harmful. One
expert says "Everyday we add estrogen like chemicals to our bodies through plastic." The

Sources Of Ocean Pollution
Our oceans have been pristine for millions of years. Only recently have our oceans been affected by
human's presence on earth. Beach's that had once been filled with life are now covered in garbage
from many different countries. The garbage patch in the northern pacific ocean is a great example to
put the extent of this problem in perspective. This garbage patch, formed by circular wind patterns
called gyres, has been described by many as a floating island of trash. Some of the main sources of
ocean pollution are oil, plastic and agricultural waste and it is estimated that 80% of this pollution
originates from land. As technology progresses worldwide, we must work together to formulate a
plan to clean up our oceans as well as prevent contaminates from reaching our waterways in future
years. "It has been estimated that plastics and discarded fishing gear, such as monofilament line and
discarded nets, kill one million seabirds and 150,000 marine mammals each year" (Ambrose). Trade
winds and gyres in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans can carry trash thousands of miles. When the
currents caused by these winds intersect with land, the garbage is deposited on the shores of
continents and many islands off the coast. Another major source of marine pollution is pollution via
petroleum products and oil spills. An oil spill large enough can completely destroy an environment
for tens of thousands of marine animals. "In the period from 2000 to 2008, an average of 24 tons
(21.8 metric

Winds That Influence Ocean Currents
Winds, water density, and tides all drive ocean currents. Coastal and sea floor features influence
their location, direction, and speed. Earth's rotation results in the Coriolis Effect which also
influences ocean currents and any moving mass as long as it moves, so water in a gyre might be
expected to curve to the center of The North Atlantic and stop. Winds and ocean waters get
deflected from a straight line path as they travel across the rotating Earth. This phenomenon causes
ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere to veer to the right and in the Southern Hemisphere to
the left.The deep water currents or thermohaline circulation of water is also called the Global
Conveyor Belt. It takes almost 1000 years for it to complete one cycle around

Keats´ The Second Coming Essays
In a world full of hostility and loss of faith surrounded by war and technological developments, he
modernist era of literature developments, the modernists era of literature arose. The sinking of the
Titanic symbolized the falling of the Great Britain empire and newly invented standardized time
allowed war to become even deadlier than before due to the ability to organize attacks. Due to this
new world full of bloodshed and new mechanical inventions, the world was falling further and
further away from God. William Butler Years expresses his sudden collapse of society in his poem
"The Second Coming", first composed in January of 1919. The hopelessness of mankind is
addressed by Keats' statement that man cannot save us, God cannot save us, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Society has strayed so far away from God that we cannot be guided back home.
Yeats begins the poem with the first two lines painting an image of society falling apart and
breaking down, one that O'Brien refers to as a "cultural breakdown."He says, "The falcon represents
those forces that function productively only when disciplined." In order to maintain structure and to
prevent the gyre from widening further, our society needs discipline, otherwise our structure, our
faith, or very nature as human beings deteriorates. At this time in our society, our discipline in our
faith is gone. Our discipline in our morals and ethics is gone.
Lines 3–6 illustrate society's inability to hold together without discipline. Because the falcon can no
longer hear the falconer to find its way back home, "things fall apart" – the result of society straying
from God. With everything falling apart, the need for someone or something to save society
becomes prominent. Since society has strayed away from God, the next solution is man as a savior,
but with the new age of war and machinery, mankind has lost their ability to save the world. O'Brien
says, "Everything that makes life valuable is being drenched in blood. 'The ceremony of innocence'
refers no to one particular ceremony but is intended to suggest the grace and order of civilized
society. Moreover, there is nobody to fight 'the blood–dimmed tide." Soldiers are

How has the Great Pacific Garbage Patch affected marine...
Recently, it has been said that an eighth continent has formed, but this is no ordinary landmass,
instead it is made entirely out of manmade trash. In the Pacific Ocean, between the coast of
California and the Hawaiian Islands, lies a so–called "patch" of waste, mainly consisting of plastic
(Transoceanic Trash). It is called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, also known as the Pacific Trash
Vortex. The patch extends over a vast area in the North Pacific Ocean, its true size today is still
considered undetermined because it estimates vary greatly, no estimates are exact due to the
changing wind and ocean currents, as well as the growing volume of debris (Great Pacific Garbage
Patch). The trash that makes up this mass, comes from all over the ... Show more content on
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These plastic bits are so small it is almost impossible for fish and other marine life to distinguish
them between plankton, which many fish and other larger animals such as whales eat (Great Pacific
Garbage Patch). Many animals are consuming this trash ultimately leading to their death. For
example loggerhead sea turtles it is common for them to mistake plastic grocery bags as their
favorite food, which is jellyfish (Great Pacific Garbage Patch). Many other larger mammals and
water birds have been strangled in plastic rings that holds canned drinks together (Great Pacific
Garbage Patch). Many birds will commonly fly over the Pacific Garbage Patch, including the
albatross, and unfortunately many mistake the garbage as food (The Great Pacific Garbage). A
shocking number of 200,000 to 500,000 chicks that were born died, many of them having trash in
their stomachs, not only plastics but also bottle caps and various items were found (The Great
Pacific Garbage). It has been predicted that about 100,000 marine mammals will die from trash–
related deaths per year, many pieces of plastic and garbage has been found in deceased animals'
digestive systems (Great Pacific Garbage Patch). Rusty Brainard, working for the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric

Gyre 2009 By Chris Jordan
An artist by the name of Chris Jordan, leaves hidden messages to his viewers through his artwork.
In his piece entitled "Gyre 2009", his spinoff of the original image "The Great Wave Off Kanagawa"
by a Japanese artist, Hokusai, Jordan displays the ocean and pollution within it. The image delivers
a strong message of how us humans mistreat the environment, specifically our oceans which take up
70% of the world we live in. Jordan provides insight into how millions of pieces of plastic waste are
sitting in our oceans today. This information is saddening in the aspect of how negligent humans are
in the treatment of the planet and our ecosystem. Jordan has named his work "Gyre" to reference the
Pacific Gyre, which is the largest ecosystem on earth

Persuasive Essay On Plastic Pollution
We need to work on stopping plastic pollution in our oceans. It is killing the animals. Birds are
getting confused from plastic and krill and they get full of plastic which makes them full but they
aren't getting any nutrients and they die. There is plastic covering a huge area in the gyres or a
circulating ocean current. There is more than 7.25 million tons of plastic in the gyres. We are
making too much plastic that we just throw away. We produce enough plastic to circle the earth four
times. One could argue that the ocean is way too big for us to clean it up. The weakness is right now
it would take 179,000 years to clean up unless we find a better solution. We are killing our oceans,
and we need to help stop the pollution.
The ocean plastic pollution is a huge problem that most people don't notice. The plastic in the ocean
is hurting people. 93 percent of Americans six or older test positive for the plastic chemical BPA.
We have way to much plastic everywhere that ends up in our waterways. In the Los Angeles area
alone, ten metric tons of plastic fragments–like grocery bags, straws and soda bottles–are carried
into the Pacific Ocean every day. We are not doing so well on cleaning our oceans. We currently
recover only five percent of the plastics we produce. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The oceans have too much trash in parts of the world. Billions of pounds of plastic can be found
swirling in the gyres of the oceans making up about 40 percent of the world's ocean surfaces and 80
percent of pollution enters the ocean from the land. Plastic doesn't degrade well at all. Virtually
every piece of plastic that was ever made still exists in some shape or form (with the exception of
the small amount that has been incinerated). Also it takes 500–1,000 years for plastic to

Ap Bio Plastic Research Paper
Plastic is in every part of modern day life. Today's civilizations use it for everything from cleaning
products to storage to safety equipment. Plastic has effectively become part of everyday life. It's
able to be used and discarded quickly, and often after it is tossed into the trash can it is forgotten.
After it is thrown away, it may end up in one of two places, the local landfill or the oceans, where
approximately fifteen to forty percent of plastics end up. An estimated 14 billion tons of plastic is
discarded into our oceans every year. (Sustainable Communications, n.d.) At this moment in time
there are 5 major areas where plastic in the oceans and travel to. These areas are known as the 5
gyres, areas in the ocean where the currents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chris Clarke, an evironmental Journalist for KCET an educational television station, has given his
thoughts on the matter. "But here's what's got those scientists in a cranky mood: Slat's idea almost
certainly won't make enough of a dent in the ocean plastic pollution to be worth the effort, it will
almost certainly injure wildlife already struggling from an ocean with too much of our stuff in it,
and the rigs may end up becoming more shredded pieces of plastic in an ocean already literally
awash in plastic." ( Clarke, 2015) Clarke give six reasons why he believes that the booms won't
work, citing that the ocean doesn't behave the way Boyan Slat and his team of scientists say it
would. Clarke gets back up from two oceanographers who believe that the areas where Slat would
like to place the booms are to tumultuous to host a working

Boyan Slat : A Viable Solution
Boyan Slat believes he has a viable solution, that will cost and time effective. But who is he? Boyan
Slat, now 21, is a Dutch entrepreneur and inventor. He is the founder and CEO of the Ocean
Cleanup. He has been recognized as one of the 20 Most Promising Young Entrepreneurs worldwide,
and was crowned 2014 Champion of the Earth. Boyan dedicated much of his teenage years to
fulfilling his self–appointed mission of getting rid of the ocean's plastic. The idea came to him at the
age of 16, summer of 2011, when diving in Greece. He was shocked, at the mass amount of plastic
bags that outnumbered the fish. He was even more shocked to find that there was no apparent
solution. "Everyone said to me: 'Oh there's nothing you can do about plastic ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The high school project was awarded Best Technical Design at Delft University of Technology. For
most it would have ended there, but not Slat. From a young age engineering excited him, he went
from building tree houses, to zip wires, to gaining the Guinness World Record for the most water
rockets launched at the same time: 213, from a sports in Delft. "The experience taught me how to
get people crazy enough to do things you want, and how to approach sponsors.", (Slat). Skills, that
would become helpful in his endeavour to the clean–up the ocean. In February 2013 he dropped out
of his Aerospace Engineering study to start the Ocean Cleanup, so that he could focus full force on
the project. In June 2014, after leading an international team of 100 scientists and engineers for a
year, the concept was deemed possible both technologically and finically, and able to clean–up The
Great Garbage Patch in 10 years, to bring this dream to reality, he created a crowd funding
campaign, that brought in a near $2.2 million. With the funds they desperately craved the pilot phase
was initiated. The basic idea is to attach a V–shaped system, composed of barriers, to the sea floor.
"We let the plastic concentrate itself, creating a 65–mile artificial coastline, where plastic gets
diverted to the centre of these V–shaped barriers.", (Slat). As currents push plastic toward the
barriers, the V–shape directs them to the centres where a solar–powered system gobbles up

The Environment Of The Oceans
"46,000 pieces of plastic trash float in every square mile of ocean...the whole ocean is now infected
with plastic. It's impossible to get it out" (Ellingwood). The public and the government continues to
deny this statistic, as they claim it is too expensive to clean up the oceans. However such people
take the ocean for granted. It is essential for them to realize that the ocean is an important part of our
ecosystem, and therefore impacts all of humanity. Furthermore, not only do people harm
themselves, but due to their carelessness, ignore the life of the marine creatures as well. Personal
responsibility should not be the only reason for the world's caution, because the ocean is a "lifeline
of survival" for many, as it controls their jobs, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The decreased amount of fish would result in a decreased amount of food supply for a variety of
species, consequently leading to a decrease in biodiversity. This biodiversity is the source of food
for many, and if continuously polluted, could increase the risks of toxins, thereby damaging many
peoples' health. Many articles do explain how the sea life is dying,"consuming plastic bags that look
remarkably like one of their favorite foods" (Gold). While such events do not directly impact
humans, once these creatures are consumed by people, they do affect the people in negative ways.
Marine life is a necessary part of many lives as it contains many nutrient such as omega 3–fatty
acids, protein, as well as anti–cancer properties. These nutrients are not available in all vegetables so
it is vital to keep the marine creatures healthy in order for the world to be able to eat the sea life
without being poisoned too. Nevertheless for those who do not rely on the oceans for food, they do
for transportation. Ships transport a large number of products overseas and if the there is so much
trash in oceans, the ships could get sidetracked and go the wrong way. The massive amount of trash
becomes hazardous as they create, "huge garbage patches in ocean gyres, giant gyres, giant dead
spots formed by currents and winds...the Eastern Garbage Patch...is estimated to be

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Essay
Alex Ibarra
ENG 150–274 December 12, 2012
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Living on this earth is a privilege and unfortunately we sometimes take advantage of it. Stories of
deforestation, air and water pollution really make a person think of just how much our planet is
being harmed. A major concern is water pollution. Water covers at least 70 percent of the planet
which makes our rivers, lakes, and oceans essential. Many of these bodies of water are being
polluted and although they may be out of sight, they eventually help pollution increase. Actions
should be made to stop the pollution of our waters before things get worse. If we want to decrease
the amount of pollution it starts out by increasing the amount of recycling we do. It ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sunlight does eventually play a part as it breaks plastic down into smaller pieces but that can just
make it worse. The plastic still never goes away it just becomes microscopic. "Of the more than 200
billion pounds of plastic the world produces each year, about 10 percent ends up in the ocean."
(Earth Magazine). Most of that plastic eventually sinks, damaging life on the ocean floor. The
plastic that floats ends up in gyres, and settle in massive garbage patches that form there, much like
the Pacific Subtropical Gyre.
Plastic is a very useful material but when in the ocean, it endangers animal life. Small surface
debris, mostly plastic resin pellets are a common piece of marine debris. Because they are so small
they can easily get lost along the way, washing through the water with other plastics and into the
sea. Pollution like this is causing harm to sea animals such as the seabird; the albatross. The
albatross scoops its food from the ocean and without knowing picks up trash along the way. Plastic
debris along with other garbage is then fed to its young mistakenly for food. "Of the 500,000
albatross chicks born here each year, about 200,000 die, mostly from dehydration or starvation. A
two–year study funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that chicks that died
from those causes had twice as much plastic in their stomachs as those that died for other reasons."

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the effect of the human population's waste. The Great Pacific
Garbage Patch is a collection of trash floating in the ocean where there is a high density of garbage
because of the Pacific Gyre. "Though their name suggests rafts of bobbing refuse, the patches are
instead areas with high concentrations of trash – mostly wee bits of plastic particles that have
degraded from larger pieces of litter such as water bottles. The bits amass within ocean vortices,
driven by wind and ocean currents."( Mole) The types of waste found in the garbage patch are micro
plastics and macro plastics. Macro plastics can range from a few centimeters to a couple of meters,
however micro plastics are only a couple of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A group of scientists wanted to study the effects of the chemicals that leak out of plastics on brine
shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and green microalgae (Dunaliella tertiolecta). They tested it on these
two organisms because they are predator and prey. The chemicals that they were measuring for were
40 nm PS anionic carboxylate (PS–COOH) and 50 nm cationic amino–modified (PS–NH 2). They
were checking the toxicity and the growth inhibition on the brine shrimp and the microalgae.
"Moreover, the expression of target genes (i.e. clap and cstb), having a role in the brine shrimp
larval growth and molting, was measured in 48 h brine shrimp larvae. "(Bergami, Pugnalini,
Vannuccini, Manfra, Faleri, Savorelli, Dawson, Corsi) What was noticed was that the chemicals
were absorbed into the microalgae and in the brine shrimp. This caused an inhabitation of algal
growth (12.97 μg/ml) and a mortality in the brine shrimp (0.83 μg/ml). There was also a noticeable
change in the clap and cstb genes that caused physiological alterations in the brine shrimp. The
chemicals that leak from the plastics can affect the organisms that live in our ocean. What came out
of

Effects Of Microbeads
Small but Mighty You hear your alarm go off on a typical morning and jump in the shower. You
start your daily routine in the shower; normal things, like washing your hair, brushing your teeth,
destroying oceans, scrubbing your face–– Wait, what? How could you possibly be destroying oceans
with something as insignificant as a morning shower? Almost every personal care item contains
plastic in the form of microbeads, which are those little exfoliating pieces in your products. They're
so small and insignificant that everyone thinks they disintegrate or are filtered out after they go
down the drain. That's far from the truth. These, along with every other kind of plastic, are helping
to ruin our oceans and the marine wildlife that lives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water treatment plants weren't built to handle this unfathomable amount of microbeads going down
the drain every day. Every year, there is 8 million metric tons of plastic being filtered into oceans.
To try and help you imagine what this looks like, a full size elephant weighs about one metric ton.
That's 8 million This plastic never fully goes away. It will eventually break down into tiny pieces,
but almost every plastic ever made still exists. That plastic cup your grandma used back in 1962? It
still exists in some form, somewhere on this earth. When plastic breaks down, it typically joins with
other broken down plastic to form a gyre. According to the National Geographic Encyclopedia, a
gyre is "A large system of circular ocean currents formed by global wind patterns and forces created
by Earth's rotation." These ocean currents cause huge floating masses of plastic to form. There are
five main gyres around the world, the biggest being off the coast of California, known as The North
Pacific Gyre, which is twice the size of Texas. And yes, you heard that right. In and around that
gyre, the amount of plastic outnumbers marine wildlife six to

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an accumulation of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean.
Marine debris is trash that culminates up in oceans, seas, and other sizable voluminous bodies of
dihydrogen monoxide. Its also known as the Eastern Pacific Garbage Patch and the Pacific Trash
Vortex. It's located in a high–pressure area between the U.S. states of Hawaii and California. This
area is in the middle of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. For many people, the conception of a
"garbage patch" displays images of an island of trash floating on the ocean. In reality, these patches
are conventionally composed of tiny bits of plastic, called microplastics. Microplastics that make up
the majority of garbage patches can't always be visible. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the article, "The World's Largest Dump: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch", it mentioned that the
UNEP indicates that today 80% of all marine debris that washes ashore such as trash and toxic
matter originally comes from shore based activities such as fun parties at the beaches and picnics.
For example the cups that gets blown off the beach in San fransicso then it finds its way to the
patch. The inland, rivers and streams carry trash to the sea. Marah Hardt who is fellow from the
Blue Ocean Institute, mentions that a lot of people are not aware of the negtive impacts they have on
the ocean because they can't see it. They think its far out there while their waste, garbage disposals,
drainpipes, and sewers lead directly to the ocean. Factories dump and Air pollution seeps are just
examples of how the oceans become pulleted. There is another example of garbage patch that
actually exist for example Western Garbage Patch whish is located on the off coast of Japan. The
Eastern Garbage Patch located between California and Hawaii is the most intresting and attracts the
greatest attention because of its size and the fact that it lies closest to the biggest trash on the planet,
the United States. Plastic products have many negtive effects on the ocean. First, it can be very
harmful to

Effects Of The Great Pacific Garbage Patch On The Ocean 's...
The Effect of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch on the Ocean's Plankton and Algae
Introduction:
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the effect of the human population's waste. The Great Pacific
Garbage Patch is a collection of trash floating in the ocean where there is a high density of garbage
because of the Pacific Gyre. "Though their name suggests rafts of bobbing refuse, the patches are
instead areas with high concentrations of trash – mostly wee bits of plastic particles that have
degraded from larger pieces of litter such as water bottles. The bits amass within ocean vortices,
driven by wind and ocean currents."( Mole) The types of waste found in the garbage patch are micro
plastics and macro plastics. Macro plastics can range from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The chemicals that leak from the plastics can affect the organisms that live in our ocean. "Our study
aims at evaluating the effects of 40 nm PS anionic carboxylate (PS–COOH) and 50 nm cationic
amino–modified (PS–NH 2) NPs in two planktonic species, the green microalga Dunaliella
tertiolecta and the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana , respectively prey and predator. PS NP
behavior in exposure media was determined through DLS, while their toxicity to microalgae and
brine shrimps evaluated through 72 h growth inhibition test and 14 d long–term toxicity test
respectively. Moreover, the expression of target genes (i.e. clap and cstb), having a role in brine
shrimp larval growth and molting, was measured in 48 h brine shrimp larvae. A different behavior of
the two PS NPs in exposure media as well as diverse toxicity to the two planktonic species was
observed. PS–COOH formed micro–scale aggregates (Z–Average > 1 μm) and did not affect the
growth of microalgae up to 50 μg/ml or that of brine shrimps up to 10 μg/ml. However, these
negatively charged NPs were adsorbed

Ocean Protection and Conservation
The oceans need to be protected because it is where life began and if not taken care of, life as we
know it will end. When dangerous substances go into the ocean, ecosystems are suffer and become
endangered along with lives of people and of marine life. Surfrider Foundation recognizes the
importance of protecting and preserving the quality and biodiversity of the world's coasts because
they are truly irreplaceable. There is also historical evidence of ocean pollution being present in the
past, but the problem still lingers today. Heal the Bay discovered that,"Did you know there is a DDT
and PCB hot spot off the coast of Palos Verdes? This superfund site (which indicates it's one of the
most polluted places in the United States), is left ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Surfrider's Blue Water Task Force, has been testing the ocean water of 19 beaches around the South
Bay area for a bacteria called Enterococcus (MPN/100 ml) and concluded that for the year 2012,
more than 200 tests reported, 23% of them reporting high bacteria levels, high being >104
MPN/100ml. With more people trying to help the ocean, the amount of tests being made are
increasing and more people become aware of the problems that are occurring and are more willing
to help stop it. Leaving plastic on the beach or throwing trash on the floor can cause it to go into the
ocean, creating a dangerous environment for marine life especially since plastic never goes away, it
can only get smaller. People do not realize that the trash that they throw on the floor , even if
someone lives inland, can end up in the ocean. One of Algalita's sponsored programs called Plastic
Debris Rivers to Seas inform, "Nearly 80% of marine debris comes from land–based sources.(4)
Most of the land–based debris is conveyed to oceans via urban runoff through storm drains. The
main sources of plastic and other types of anthropogenic (human–made) debris in urban runoff
include: litter (mostly bags, packaging and single–use disposable products), industrial discharges,
garbage transportation, landfills, construction debris, and debris from commercial establishments
and public

Trash: Ocean
Trashed: Our Ocean
By: Meaghan Todd
December 10th 2010
CGW–4U1–02
Mr. Kyriacou
Have you ever been to the beach? I have and swimming in the ocean is one of my favourite things to
do when I go on vacation! You wouldn't want someone to come into your house and throw their
cigarette butts or their plastic drink container on your kitchen floor when they're done would you? I
know I wouldn't. Littering in the ocean does not magically get rid of your garbage; the marine
wildlife has to deal with it in their homes. Roughly 75% of our earth is covered with water (IDRC
2010). Many people think that when you dump trash into the ocean that nature will biodegrade. It
can take up to hundreds of years for this trash to fully ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Red–tides are caused primarily by the toxic phytoplankton "Karenia brevis", which is found on the
west Florida shelf. Scientists say that submarine groundwater provides the missing nutrients and
may trigger and maintain red tides off west–central Florida (Weatherwise 2006). This type of
phytoplankton has a toxin in it that can kill marine life and cause eye irritations and respiratory
complications for humans and animals. Red–tides occur annually in the same area generally
between August and March and were blamed for many deaths of species of fish, dolphins and other
marine wildlife (Weatherwise 2006). Certain species of phytoplankton contain photosynthetic
pigments that vary in color from green to brown to red, and when the algae are present in high
concentrations, the water appears to be discoloured or murky, varying in color from white to almost
black, normally being red or brown. (Figure 3)
Figure 3 shows a photograph of a red tide off the coast of La Jolla, California (P. Alejandro Díaz).
Figure 3:
In conclusion, as stated earlier, most of our planet is made up of water and us as humans are slowly
destroying it by dumping are wastes and unwanted items. Don't throw trash in someone else's house
because you wouldn't like it very much if someone did that in your house. Next time you are on a
beach and are done drinking your bottle of pop, don't leave it on the beach, bring it back with you
and dispose it properly. Ocean

The Ocean's Future is in Trouble
The oceans are in trouble. The animals and plants are in danger of being killed. People are also
being harmed by toxins in the water. Why is this happening? The ocean is full of trash and other
forms of pollution from humans like noise pollution. The ocean is not a garbage can, people! People
are creating too much trash and a lot of it is ending up in the oceans. What can be done about this?
People could create less garbage. The environment could be helped by taking simple steps like bring
your own bags to the grocery store or carry a reusable water bottle. These simple steps will help stop
so much garbage going into the ocean. Pollution is killing the life in the water, the animals and the
plants etc. Therefore people need stricter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A large piece of broken fishing net, a weathered shipping palette, an oil can, a melange of odd–
shaped plastic pieces. Each item is just another major threat to the world's oceans. Trash hurt
animals in many ways. They could eat it or get stuck in it etc. Beaches and oceans worldwide are
filled with trash.
A lot of people are worrying about the world's oceans these days. In 2000, Congress passed the
landmark Oceans Act, an act that establish a commission of experts to assess threats to marine life
and resources and develop recommendations for a new comprehensive ocean policy.
Activists are angry at the White House's rejection of its own commission's proposal to take $4
billion out of federal offshore oil and gas money to fund an oceans trust fund.
Every year the Ocean Conservancy organizes an international coastal cleanup where over 500,000
volunteers pick up millions of tons of trash. Every piece of trash hurts the ocean and the animals and
plants.
Coastlines are popular tourists attraction. The more people there are, the more trash there is. Avoid
single use water bottles, coffee mugs and grocery bags.
Cargo ships sometimes spill garbage, and some of it floats out to sea from the shore. 80% of the
trash that ends up in the ocean comes from the shore.
There are many items in the ocean, sneakers, rubber duckies, hockey equipment, plastic bottles and
tops,

Since the introduction of plastics in the early 20th century, waste production inland has accumulated
at an ever–increasing rate. Improperly disposing of waste washes through inland waterways, which
eventually carries the waste into the ocean. The north pacific garbage gyre spans the majority of the
area. The physical gyre stretches from the coast of Japan to California. Four different currents
maintain the circular motion of the gyre, which encapsulates large amounts of debris in the center of
the gyre, known as the convergence zone. All of these components lead to the term most call as the
"Great Pacific Garbage Patch". The unfortunate locations of the world's oceans, downhill and
downstream of humans, allow plastics, chemicals and any form of pollution to follow natural
transportation directly into our oceans.
In 1869, John Wesley invented the celluloid, the first plastic product to be given a name. In 1909,
Bakelite is introduced to the chemist club in New York as the "first thermoset plastic", meaning that
once the plastic mold was set it was set for life. Everywhere we look there are plastics, we have
become so accustomed to their presence that we can hardly remember a time when they did not
serve our needs. Remember, there used to be a time where our cars, plates, furniture, and airplanes
were not made almost entirely of plastic. Roughly 100 billion pounds of plastic pellets are used
every year by the United States, and current figures from India and China are

Urban Runoff Is The Primary Source Of Ocean Pollution
The oceans need to be protected because it is where life began and if not taken care of, life as we
know it will end. The well–being of the ocean is constantly being threatened and needs to stop.
When dangerous substances go into the ocean, ecosystems suffer and become endangered along
with the lives of people and marine life. The importance of protecting and preserving the quality and
biodiversity of the world 's coasts must be recognized because they are truly irreplaceable. If
humans are not educated , and become careless about what is thrown on the ground or sprayed on
lawns, disastrous effects follow when it comes to the condition of the ocean's ecosystems, which can
endanger life itself, leading to a problem only we can correct. There is historical evidence of ocean
pollution, although the problem still shadows us today. One of the most poorly understood causes
ocean pollution is urban runoff. Urban runoff is also one of the leading causes of ocean pollution,
Surfrider agrees, "Urban runoff is often the primary source of ocean pollution. The Ocean Friendly
Gardens (OFG) Program educates and assists people in creating landscapes that utilize native plants,
permeable ground covers and water retention features to prevent urban runoff, create wildlife
habitats and design beautiful spaces" (Surfrider). Surfrider has a program called The Ocean Friendly
Gardens where Surfrider goes to different areas that are more prone to urban runoff and creates a
garden using native

Ocean Of Pollution By Dahr Jamail
In the article "Ocean of pollution," the author, Dahr Jamail, makes a strong case for that fact that
human activities drive oceans pollution in a terrible situation. He begins by briefly outlining how
quickly plastic pollution in the oceans has increased in only few decades along with human
behaviour. Dahr then continues on to describe the doubling "dead zones" appears unnaturally have
impacts on sea life, even the food chain. The article concludes by stating the solution for the oceans
pollution. Clearly, the audiences he spoken to are the North American public since it was originally
published in the widely circulated Al Jazeera Magazine, but it also intended for the environmental
organizations and governments (lots data from American government departments and list solution
for EPA). In fact, for the most part with Dahr use of examples and pictures strengthens his logos.
Also, he integrates pathos excellently due to appropriate images and tone. He utilizes Ethos well, for
knowledgeable about the environment issues. The article describe the ocean pollution through two
phenomenon–– amount of plastics occur in the oceans and doubling increased "dead zones". In term
of plastic garbage, Dahr primarily states that human behavior caused "unknown ecological and
evolutionary consequences" more and more small size of plastic occurred in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre, tonnes of garbage float in the ocean and to the beaches. Increase in pollution
impacts on ocean's ecological

Rubber Ducky Research Paper
Rubber Duckies Lost at Sea
The famous "Rubber Ducky" has been a favorite bath toy for many babies. You may be surprised to
learn that some scientists are also interested in rubber ducks!
Each year many goods fall off of ships into the ocean. In 1992 there was a storm at sea with high
winds. As a result, a container of 29,000 rubber ducks fell into the ocean. The ducks were on their
way from Hong Kong to the United States. Since then, they have floated throughout the world.
People have reported finding them in Hawaii, Alaska, South America, Australia, and as far as
Scotland and Newfoundland. They even survived the freezing ice of the Arctic. These amazing
ducks have been named the Friendly Floaters.
Twelve years after the spill, ducks were still bobbing up on many beaches. There are still 2,000
Friendly Floaters in the North Pacific Gyre.( a swirl of ocean currents in the north Pacific Ocean) ...
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Curtis Ebbesmeyer, an oceanographer, and other scientists have followed the journey of the ducks.
Their studies have helped them understand more about ocean currents. They also learned about
wave and wind patterns. Perhaps, more importantly, they now have more information regarding
plastic pollution in oceans.
The author Donovan Hohn said, "Plastic Pollution is a real problem." He mentions in his book,
Moby Duck, finding a dead whale that had a stomach full of trash.
Finally, the rubber duck is not just a bath toy. Tracking the journeys of the rubber ducks has proved
valuable. It has provided useful information to scientist and oceanographers

Oceanology Memo
Hello, it's Steven, it been awhile since we last spoke or well in this case wrote. How have you been?
I am great currently I am taking an oceanology course at San Francisco State University. I am
writing this letter is to inform you what I have learned and to let you know on how to protect our
ocean from future harm because of pollution. I thought of you, because I remembered that you love
to swim and go to the beach, so I want to let you know on how to control pollution and, inform you
how contamination is spreading into our planet and home, the Earth. The Earth is an amazing place
it has oceans, forests, and lands; the Earth is primarily dominated by water. And as of such there is
pollution within the ocean. Pollution in the ocean is unsafe, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Based on the article by National Geographic, there is a giant island made of trash. The name of this
trash island is the great pacific garbage patch. This patch is about 20 million square kilometers.
Based on the amount of garbage collected there is about 70% of all the garbage there sinking to the
bottom of the ocean(National Geographic). The garbage in the ocean are not able to decompose so
they just sit there within the ocean. Trash in the ocean is also a safety hazard for marine life. The
garbage their kill animals like turtles or albatross, birds (National Geographic). The problem with
the gyre is that it is still growing, pollution is still entering our ocean and are not decomposing. The
trash also hold chemicals that is harmful to the environment. Examples can be that decomposing
bottles leak out bisphenol A or BPA for short; BPA can lead to many "environmental and health
problems" (National Geographic). Data from NOAA tells us that these gyres of garbage are formed
by the circulation of "wind and wave actions" (NOAA). The ocean holds many wonderful life and
creatures, but we humans are not always considerate of other lives, so as a result we end up hurting
our home and our

Save Ocean Research Paper
"If we stick to this trajectory, Earth's oceans will have more plastic in them than fish by 2050." Our
ocean is in danger and we have to start helping so that we can still enjoy the ocean in our future.
There are many ways we can help. We can help by picking up beaches and keeping them clean
when we visit them, using less plastic products, and we can support organizations that help out
water even if we do not live in places that have access to the water. If we help out our ocean it will
not only help out us but also help out oceanic animals.
According to sun–sentinel.com, Palm beach Florida had 112.8 million visitors last year. Just
imagine how many people visited the beaches all around the world and imagine how much pollution
was left behind by these people. To help the ocean as tourist we need to pick up our trash! Almost
all public beaches have trash cans to dispose of our trash and if not, we can bring something to carry
our trash until we can properly dispose of our trash when available. According to
onegreenplanet.org, sea turtles, seals and sea lions, sea birds, fish, and whales and dolphins are all
suffering greatly and dying from tourist trash. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plastic water bottles are a very common product and are seen everywhere in the ocean. They are
hurting the animals and hurting our future of swimming or visiting the ocean. Another very common
plastic item that is hurting animals is the little plastic holder around soda cans. All the time we see
picture of seagulls, turtles, seals, etc being harmed by the plastic and we have to start acting to stop
it. Fixing this problem would include bringing reusable water bottles and we can bring soda out of
the plastic holder. Anything we can do to help reduce the use of plastic when near the ocean or when
at home will help. To help out our ocean and what lives in it we have to start taking care of our trash
and properly disposing

There Is The Main Cause Of Ocean Pollution
Believe it or not, pollution may have been older than you have thought. Archeologists have
discovered settlements dated from between forty and ten thousand years old. Another discovery of
pollution that dates back to the old times is the lead pollution from the Roman Smelters. This type
of pollution was found all over Europe leading the Archeologists to believe that they have dumped a
vast amount of it into rivers. Although pollution had little effect at the time, the magnitude of
pollution started to increase when humans went from nomadic colonies to settled ones. One of the
biggest spikes in pollution occurred in the 1900's due to the World Wars. The toxic manufactured
materials, such as plastic, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Plastic debris and other forms of waste are commonly gathered into big groups known as gyres.
There are 5 known gyres that are currently in the ocean caused by ocean currents. The Great Pacific
Garbage Patch is one of the five gyres that is nearly twice the size of Texas. Waste from the North
Pacific Ocean, including the coastal waters of North America and Japan, are joined together.
Relation to Tolerance Most people do not realize how marine animals have to tolerate with the
ocean pollution. Their main focus is on how to get rid of pollution and do not put in account for the
organisms that have to deal with it. We get food from the ocean, to be more exact nearly 200 billion
pounds of fish and shellfish, we pull natural resources from it, such as salt, oil and metals, it
provides transportation, and provides a great amount of oxygen. The ocean provides so many
resources for us, being one of Earth's most valuable resources,we should take better care of it.
Current

Persuasive Essay On Water Pollution
Pollution has had a shocking impact in the atmosphere for including many irreparable damages to
ocean life, serious health issues to human beings, and negative changes to the environment.
Pollution is a man–made global dilemma which is increasing to a serious magnitude. Human beings,
the number one culprit, seem to be blind to this matter. Humans' inability to clearly see the problem
they are creating, will be one of the causes for the world to be no more.
One of the many kinds of pollution that exist is water pollution. Many threats and dangers to ocean
species from pollution are found in the ocean. Plastic may be the largest threat to water pollution
problems. Other problems may also result from oil spills, sewage spills, and trash. Plastic products
pose the biggest water pollution problem. Items such as bottles and plastic bags that find their way
into the ocean are often mistaken for food by hungry sea turtles, dolphins, whales and sea birds;
killing the ocean animals by suffocation. Those plastics also contain toxic chemicals which can be
dangerous posing a threat to all marine wildlife and also to humans.
According to Oceana, the agency in charge of protecting the world's oceans, the number one
pollutant in the North Pacific Gyre is still plastic. Oceana remains unsure of the quantity of plastic
in the water. Our "need" for plastic has harmed innocent little creatures and ourselves as well when
we should be searching for safer alternatives instead.
The health hazards for humans who come in contact with contaminants from exposure to polluted
water can have long term effects on the body causing possible organ failure and death.
Contaminants and chemicals such lead and mercury can bring about many minor illnesses ranging
from nausea, lung irritation, skin rash, vomiting, and dizziness, to the major diseases that include
cancer, liver and kidney damage, disorders of the nervous system, damage to the immune system,
birth defects and even death.
According Oraclethinkquest, "Water pollution has the potential to have a harmful effect on all living
things including plants and animal species. Chemicals, radioactive waste, industrial waste in the
water can affect species and their development. There is no

The Big Problem Of Plastic Pollution
Moore found a big problem about how plastic is turning our oceans into plastic. Not many people
pay attention to this kind of problem because it's not talk about it a lot. But Moore saw nine years
ago about the big problem about plastic and how it hurting out sea animals and us as well. By
bringing this problem into our eyes we can now see where all of the plastic we throw away goes too
the effects of it. In the reading our oceans are turning into plastic say that how humans are making
our oceans into plastic. Also how all over the globe there are signs that plastic pollution is becoming
a major concern. Imagine seeing all that trash in the water where people are mainly the cause of it
and sea creatures are being affected about it,they are being killed and there homes are also being
harmed because of of so much plastic in the water. Since Moore found out about the big problem of
plastic taking over the sea nine years ago, Moore has been on a mission to learn ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example " seabirds that have been washing ashore in startling number , their bodies packed with
plastic: things like bottle caps, cigarette lighters, and colored scrapts that, to a foraging bird,
resemble baitfish. Also he appeals kairotic moment by showing evidence on why we should stop
throwing trash in the sea " one animal directed by Dutch researchers contained 1,603 pieces of
plastic inside. This show his purpose on how plastic is harming by animals eating plastic like if it
was food for them so it's it making it into there food chain and killing them. "Each of us tosses about
185 pounds of plastic per year. We could certainly reduce that." What this quote appeals to his
purpose that we are harming ourselves and animals that live in the sea and how we should stop
destruction of the world's oceans and not to mention our own bodies and the health of future

Essay about An Analysis of Yeats' The Second Coming
An Analysis of Yeats' The Second Coming
Yeats' poem "The Second Coming," written in 1919 and published in 1921 in his collection of
poems Michael Robartes and the Dancer, taps into the concept of the gyre and depicts the approach
of a new world order. The gyre is one of Yeats' favorite motifs, the idea that history occurs in cycles,
specifically cycles "twenty centuries" in length (Yeats, "The Second Coming" ln. 19). In this poem,
Yeats predicts that the Christian era will soon give way apocalyptically to an era ruled by a godlike
desert beast with the body of a lion and the head of a man (ln. 14). Critics have argued about the
exact meaning of this image, but a close reading of the poem, combined with some simple genetic
work, shows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7–8), and his central images, the "rocking cradle" of Christ (ln. 20) to the "rough beast" (ln. 21).
Other kinds of echoes, literary rather than poetic, emerge as well; Yeats connects "The Second
Coming" with Shelley's Prometheus Unbound in lines 7 and 8, "The best lack all conviction, while
the worst/Are full of passionate intensity" (Drake 53), and even, Jeffares suggests, the Divine
Comedy, by altering the "hawk" of an earlier draft to more closely resemble the "ample circuit" of a
"falcon" described in Dante's masterpiece (A Commentary 241). Yeats surely made these allusions
to borrow the literary scale of these prophetic masterpieces. But far more important in this respect is
his borrowings from the Bible. Most central and obvious are the Second Coming of Christ described
in Matthew 24 and the beast of the apocalypse from Revelations, but Purdy also notes "the vision
chapters of Daniel (7–12)," "Isaiah's prophecy of the Day of the Lord (14.6–11, 19–22), 'old
Ezekiel's cherubim' (10.1ff), and Jeremiah's denunciation of Isreal (2)" (75), not to mention Yeats'
location of the beast's birth at Bethlehem, the birthplace of Christ two thousand years ago (Jeffares,
W. B. Yeats 38). The Bible is, of course, the western world's primary work of prophecy, and Yeats'
use of its language gives his own work a tone of prophecy.
The tool of Yeats' prophecy, crystallized in the "widening gyre" traced by the falcon, is a concept
Yeats detailed

How Do Ocean Currents Affect The Climate System
The Way of the Ocean
Ry Cox
11/17/15
Ocean currents are a very big part of the world's oceans. Ocean currents move water, circulating
around the globe pushing warm and cold water all around. These ocean currents are driven by the
rise and fall of tides, wind, the sun, energy, surface currents, and subsurface currents. But how does
the temperature of the ocean currents affect the ocean? All of these make up ocean currents and help
it affect the climate system. Ocean currents also affect the climate system by circulating around the
world and using what it is driven by. Without ocean currents there would not be enough moisture or
energy in the world.
Two of the many big parts in ocean currents are surface currents and subsurface currents. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Ocean Currents) Right now oceans are being affected by global warming, and not in a good way.
"Global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally
attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants."(Google Dictionary) Some of the many things are being
affected in the ocean. Like the "sea levels, coastlines, ocean acidification, sea water, sea
temperatures, tides, the sea floor, the weather, and ocean currents." (Wikipedia) Over the past
century it has been seen that sea levels have risen by a lot because of global warming and that has
contributed to the temperature increases of the ocean. The ocean has started to get warmer and
warmer. Studies have shown that global warming might be changing the direction of the Atlantic
Ocean currents and that can disturb sea life and land. As warmer water is coming onto cold water
places in the ocean, the warm water is pushing the cold water way. Tides and waves are made by
surface currents and subsurface currents and help the ocean currents move. (Currents) The
temperature of the ocean currents is a big part because it helps make the circulation pattern as the
currents move around. (Pidwirny) What makes the ocean currents spin in a circular formation and
move to different parts of the ocean is called a gyre. "Gyres are what

Who Is Captain Charles Moore's Our Oceans Are Turning Into...
In the story, "Our Oceans Are Turning into Plastic... Are We?" by Susan Casey, Captain Charles
Moore experiences what can be described as a living nightmare. In the Northern Pacific subtropical
gyre, known as the Eastern Garbage Patch, Captain Moore sees the piles and piles of used, bottles,
nets, ropes, bath toys, jugs, and traps, all creating a layer of "plastic crap" above the ocean's surface,
staying completely still in a windless current less body of water. The experience of seeing what you
care about be completely changed because of pollution or simple human neglect. Personally, I have
an instance of this in the first house that I remember living in. What was once a house that had a lot
of connections from not only me, but others in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What was once a beautiful but small lawn with grass is now a patch of dead grass with dirt exposing
itself under the grass. What was once the creaky barn doors are completely destroyed, with broken
glass on the ground on the outside, leading to the inside. What was once the living room where I had
spent so much time watching television and playing games with my siblings, now has its carpet
completely torn up, walls indented, and closet in complete shambles with light gleaming sharply
through the holes of the closet from holes that were made by vandals who never knew the true value
of the humble abode that I used to reside in. My old home, since being lived in by me and my
family has since been abandoned by the family that we had entrusted the house to previously. Now
the house just stays there, an eerie empty shell of what it used to be. A place where I was safe and
happy, now a dark and scary place that no one deserves to live in, a place that humans have indeed
used well, so well that there is nothing left of what it used to be. That image of the house was the
last I saw it, back in 2010, It is possible now that the house had since been destroyed, with the
memories that have been carved into the walls, fireplace, windows, closets, and bedrooms, are now
nothing more but a blur of destroyed objects that will one day be removed, as people pass by the
home that once was will never be able to see its clarity, but instead will only be able to see the blur
of colors protruding from the exterior of the house, or perhaps the brown of the barn like doors, or
the patches of green still rising from the dead grass that surrounds it, until eventually, it simply
disappears completely invisible to the city that used it ever so

The Water Brothers
This essay will evaluate the Water Brothers documentary "Plastic Ocean" and how well their
findings and the information in the clip, contribute to scientific research. While the Water Brothers
did manage to cover a few key issues, being constricted to a twenty–two–minute time frame left the
Water Brothers with very little room to address other important information. I believe that if more
time had been given to the Water Brothers, they would have done a better job of informing the
public of what's really at stake. If for instances another twenty–two minutes was given, I believe
that the Water Brothers would have had a better opportunity to go into detail on key issues. For this
paper, I will introduce what the documentary did manage to showcase ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While the Water Brothers did manage to highlight some pressing issues, due to a limited time frame,
they were unable to go in depth on some of the information and they also missed some very key
points. At the end of the day, more time would have been beneficial to our learning but people tend
to provide the information they are more passionate

Plastic And The World 's Oceans : More Than 5 Trillion...
"Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000
Tons Afloat at Sea" Scientist have now begun research on the mass production of plastic and the
accumulation of plastic in our oceans. There are several ways plastic can degrade into micro–plastic.
For example photodegradtion and weathering processes can increase the designation of plastic
materials causing them to become microscopic. Common locations where scientists are discovering
mass quantities of microplastics are in the subtropical gyres, closed bays, gulfs and seas that have
coast lines heavily populated by humans. These microplastics can now be chased up into the food
web, starting with lower trophic level producers and slowly making their way into the tissues of
higher trophic predators. Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L. M., Carson, H. S., Thiel, M., Moore, C. J.,
Borerro, J. C., & ... Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic Pollution in the World 's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion
Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea. Plos ONE, 9(12), 1–15.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 "Microplastics in the seas" Microplastics are plastic fragments
found in the marine environment. These fragments can range from 5 mm in diameter to as small as
20 um in diameter. To collect micro plastics, scientist have to use plankton nets. Not only are
microplastics being located on the pelagic zones of the ocean, but researchers are now discovering
microplastics in marine sediment. Due to

Bottle Bill Deposit Essay
When purchasing an item in the grocery store, many people do not desire to have an additional tax
added to their total but, a bottle bill deposit can be very beneficial. These bottle bill deposit laws
only exist in ten states (Bottle Bills in the USA), which means that forty states do not show a true
concern about the health of their citizens or the overall environment of their State. While people
may not want to be forced to pay a tax on their bottled items, bottle bills should be required in all
states because it can increase recycling and even benefit human health.
A bottle bill deposit is a law that requires a refundable deposit on beer, soft drinks, or any other
bottled beverages to enforce recycling (What is a Bottle Bill?). Bottle bill deposits provide a system
between the consumer and the retailer. The retailer will purchase bottled items from a seller and the
retailer pays a deposit to the seller for each bottled item purchased. The consumer will pay a deposit
when purchasing the bottled item and if they keep their purchased item, they can return it to a
redemption center or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within our oceans, there is a system of the ocean currents rotating clockwise around the world
called gyres. Within these gyres across the globe, contains the everyday plastic item. An everyday
plastic item can be a toothbrush, a plastic water bottle, a plastic coffee mug, or a plastic laundry
detergent container. The Earth's five oceans no longer only have water and sea life situated within
the ocean but, plastic as well. Out of all five gyres, the one closest to the United States is the largest.
About eighty percent of debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch comes from land–based activities
from North America. The majority of plastics within the ocean will never deteriorate, they will only
break down to smaller and smaller pieces (Great Pacific Garbage

Pollution Of Beachwater
Beach vacations are an annual summer event for many families. But beachgoers at polluted beaches
around the country may bring back an unwanted souvenir from their trip: ear infections, stomach
flu, skin rashes, and other illnesses that are caused by polluted beachwater.
To help keep our beaches clean, NRDC supports improved beachwater testing to detect the
pathogens that can cause health problems in swimmers.
Bills now pending in Congress would provide funding for much–needed beach cleanup efforts and
help ensure that the public is notified promptly when beaches are unsafe for swimming. These bills
will help make sure that our beaches are safe for swimming every day.
Polluted Beaches Can Cause Health
Problems for Swimmers
Beach closings and advisories are at a record high in U.S. coastal waters because of beachwater
contamination from human and animal waste. When it rains, untreated sewage and contaminated
stormwater flow into beachwaters from overflowing sewers, stormwater pipes, and treatment plant
bypasses, carrying human waste, animal waste, trash, and other bacteria–laden discharges into the
water where it can make swimmers sick.
The most common health impact of this contamination is severe stomach upset, but swimmers can
also get earaches, pinkeye, respiratory ailments, and even very serious illnesses like meningitis and
hepatitis. Often swimmers don't realize that their illness was contracted while swimming at a
contaminated beach.
Small children, the elderly, pregnant women, and cancer patients and others with weakened immune
systems are most at risk for illness caused by contaminated beachwater. According to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, children under the age of nine had more reports of
diarrhea and vomiting from exposure to waterborne parasites than any other age group
Government Activity Can Help Keep
Our Shorelines Clean
In 2000, Congress passed the Shorelines
Natural Appraisal and Beach front Wellbeing
(Shoreline) Act, which gave government reserves to state and neighborhood organizations to set up
beachwater observing and open warning projects.
Since that time, each beach front state in the Unified
States, including the Incomparable Lakes and The Frozen North, has

Toxic : Garbage Island And The Marine Environment
Among the many types of ocean pollution, microplastic in the ocean is also a huge concern not only
for the environment, but also for all marine life. TOXIC: Garbage Island is a documentary that
focuses on microplastic in the ocean. The research team took a seven day voyage to the North
Pacific Gyre which is the ocean's "dump." Most of the trash that sails with the waves in the ocean is
plastic, plastic that never fully disintegrates. Overtime, the plastic will break into individual
polymers less than or equal to five millimeters in diameter (microplastic) that still floats in the
ocean. The problem with this is the pieces of plastic photograde to polymers and can be accidentally
ingested by marine animals. These polymers then make their way up the food chain and eventually
back to us. "Microplastics as vectors for bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic chemicals in the
marine environment: A state–of–the–science review" is a scholarly article that also focuses on the
impact of microplastics on the aquatic life by presenting many laboratory studies. "Props 65 and 67:
Stop profiteering from polluting the Golden State" is an editorial by "Los Angeles Times" that talks
about the ban on plastic bags in the state of California because of the harm to the sea creatures.
"Flotsam and fashion: recycler of 'ghost ' fishing nets makes marine litter trendy" is another article
by "The Guardian" that talks about how fishing nets that are floating in the ocean are turned into
apparel for

The Pacific Ocean is a Plastic Garbage Dump Essay
Table of Contents
Introduction
1. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
1.1. Distribution of plastic objects into the Pacific Ocean
1.2. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch characteristic
1.3. The discovery of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
2. Effects on wildlife
2.1. Characteristics of plastics
2.2. Plastic with marine birds and animals
3. Examples of reducing the plastic garbage
3.1. Clean up
3.2. Law toward solving plastic pollution
4. Recommendations
5. Conclusion
References
1. Introduction Oceans make up seventy percent of earth's surface, and are the largest place to
sustain and accumulate various species. However, humans' wastes, such as oil spill, industrial toxic
wastewater, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Quantitative Distribution and Characteristics of Neuston Plastic in the North
Pacific Ocean (1985), the usual way to find the plastic objects are brought by ships such as lines,
nets, and floats. In addition, it is possibly any kind of plastic package or object would be discarded
and lost to the sea. Plastic objects would suffer natural division to turn into small fragments.
Moreover, the plastics' density, or trapped gas will lead to plastic fragments float on the ocean and
cannot sink.
2.2 The Great Pacific Garbage Patch characteristic The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the massive
and immovable region of the North Pacific Ocean bound by the North Pacific Gyre. The gyre's
rotational pattern attracts waste debris across the North Pacific Ocean. Moreover, when the waste
debris imprisons in the currents, wind– driven surface currents move floating fragments slowly
toward the center, and trapping them in the section. The garbage patch's size is still unknown
because large and visible waste items are uncommon to see and lots of small fragments are
suspended at or just below the surface that they are difficult to measure by aircraft and satellite. Sea
Studio Foundation reports that the garbage patch's is roughly twice the size of Texas, and containing
approximately 3.5 million tons of

Persuasive Speech About Recycling
There are many ways people could start fixing the world's trash crises, we just have to start making
the necessary contributions instead of being the lazy humans that we are. The simplest and most
effective way of getting rid of the access trash that we built up is to recycle it, separate your garbage
into plastics, paper, metal, and glass, and bring it to your local recycling plant. There they will take
the trash and turn it back into the raw material that is used to make more products. They reuse the
waste instead of adding it to the massive landfills. However this does bring up some issues.
Recycling plants create their own greenhouse gases and use up energy, but is it far less energy than
creating new. According to stanford, manufacturing recycled aluminum takes ninety five percent
less energy to create that greating it new. That means that recycling is faster, so it takes less energy,
therefore it creates less greenhouse pollution. So do your part and recycle.
Recycling, though it is the best solution for garbage accumulated on land, it doesn't work for the
mountainous amount of trash that has been unremorsefully thrown out upon our great oceans. Did
you know that there is a patch of garbage floating around in the pacific ocean? According to
National Geographic news reporter, Shaena Montanari, due to the amount of plastics dumped into
the ocean, over 80 million tons of trash finds its way into the ocean each year. The plastics find their
way into ocean currents or gyres that move the garbage into one large spot where it accumulates
over time. They have observed that ninety percent of sea birds consuming the toxic waste, along
with the many fish and other sea life believing that our trash is food, and possibly dying by choking
or being poisoned. It's a real problem that is kept quiet for years. But how do we take care of it?
Ninety one percent of plastic isn't recycles, so obviously the most logical response to this issue is to
dispose of it all into the ocean? To fix this issue we need to first stop the inflow of trash into the
oceans. This is by recycling as we already know. But the issue arises of how do we get the garbage
out of the ocean. Since the majority of it is below the actual surface of the

Plastic Pollution
Hinton 1
Bridgette Hinton
Professor Ouwehand
English 110/120 MW 2:20
Research Paper
16 April 2012
Essay III
How Plastic Pollution is Out of Control Many individuals underestimate the amount of plastic we
use each day. According to the article "Plastic Bags Wars", "the world consumes 1 million plastic
shopping bags every minute". Plastic bags, along with many other types of plastics, have become a
leading source of pollution worldwide (Doucette). Captain Charles Moore, founder of the Algalita
foundation states that we use two million plastic bottles in the United States every five minutes.
Discovered by Charles Moore in 1997, the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch" is a prime example of the
amount of plastic pollution that enters the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Amaral). The lack of proper disposal of trash is contributing to the existing problem of plastic
pollution. Without changing our habits, the garbage patch will only continue to grow (Kostigen).
In "Better Planet Garbage Patch", Thomas Kostigen tells his experience of traveling to the Eastern
Garbage Patch to witness this growing problem first–hand. Kostigen describes this area to be one
and a half times the United States with a depth of 100 feet or more (Krostigen). The size of this
garbage patch is so massive, encompassing around ten million square miles of the North Pacific
Gyre. On the other hand, according to "An Ocean of Plastic", Doucette claims that nobody knows
its exact size or if it has any boundaries at all. (Doucette). Although there have been many
estimations on the size
Hinton 4 of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the exact size remains unknown. In addition, Doucette
warns us that this patch contains more than ten million tons of waste. She describes the area to be a
"fetid swamp of debris where tiny bits of decaying plastic outweigh zooplankton– one of the most
prolific and abundant organisms on the planet– by a ration of six–to–one"(Doucette). It is now
apparent that the amount of plastic particles residing in our oceans is damaging the natural habit and
this trash is not going anywhere. Due to the currents in the ocean, plastic particles are

Teenage Activists, Plastic, And The Pacific Garbage Patch

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