Articles IV-VII of the Constitution define the balance of power between the federal and state governments, establish rules for amending the Constitution, and provide guidance on other governmental matters. Article IV protects states' rights while granting certain exclusive powers to the federal government. It also requires states to honor legal documents and judgments from other states. Article V outlines two processes for amending the Constitution that require approval from Congress and the states. Article VI establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Article VII provided the threshold for the Constitution taking effect after ratification by nine states.
A BILL for AN ACT relating to public lands; creating the task force on the transfer of federal lands; requiring a report from the attorney general on possible legal recourses available to compel the federal government to relinquish ownership and management of specified federal lands in Wyoming; requiring a study and report by the task force to the joint agriculture, state and public lands and water resources interim committee as specified; providing appropriations; and providing for an effective date.
A BILL for AN ACT relating to public lands; creating the task force on the transfer of federal lands; requiring a report from the attorney general on possible legal recourses available to compel the federal government to relinquish ownership and management of specified federal lands in Wyoming; requiring a study and report by the task force to the joint agriculture, state and public lands and water resources interim committee as specified; providing appropriations; and providing for an effective date.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. +
Article IV
States’ rights vs. the fed’s rights
Defines federalism
Ability for both the state & federal gov’ts to create their own laws
Fed. gov’t has certain power
Declare war, print money
State gov’t has certain powers
Conduct local elections
Both branches share other powers
3. +
Article IV
“Full Faith & Credit Clause”
Designed to promote “harmony & intercourse among the
states” according to James Madison
It ensures that courts of one state honor the judgments of a
court in another state
Documents such as contracts, wills, deeds, mortgages, birth
certificates, & civil court judgments must be recognized by
other states
4. +
Article IV
Odds & Ends
Discusses extradition
Bringing a criminal back to the state where he or she committed a
crime
Allows/explains admission of new states
Guarantees that every state will have a “republican form of
government”
Also grants each state protection from invasion
5. +
Article V
Amending the Constitution
Two ways to do it:
1. 2/3 of both houses must approve & then ¾ of states must
ratify
2. Proposed by a convention called by congress at the request
of 2/3 of the states & then ratified by ¾ of the state legislatures
27 total amendments
First 10=Bill of Rights
6. +
Article VI
Supremacy Clause
The Constitution is the “supreme law of the land”
If state law is in conflict w/ national law, it is the national law that
must be obeyed
7. +
Article VII
Est. that Constitution would go into effect when 9 states voted
to accept it
Happened w/ NH’s ratification on 6/21/1788