Introducing The Monarchy By 1 Samuel

Introducing The Monarchy By 1 Samuel
Introducing the Monarchy
Introduction
1 Samuel presents Israel transformation from theocracy to monarchy as theological and
sociopolitical. Knut Heim mentions, "Such transformation could not take place without stresses and
conflicts. The book of Samuel in general, and chaps. 8–15 in particular, reflect the tensions and
ambiguities of these transitional time." The Israel's request of a king is seen desperate and insistence
to become like other nations, due to internal and external crises. Of course, it was an evil thing to
ask for because they were the God's chosen people and God was their divine king. They are
supposed to be different than other nations. Nevertheless, God graciously gives them a king, Saul,
who eventually fails but God's eternal plan of kingship unfolds as he choses a king for himself in
David.
Although 1 Samuel narrates the transition from theocracy, the judge, Samuel to a monarchial nation
of Israel, the narrator reminds that Yahweh was already their mighty king and who had also proven
himself trustworthy and also quite capable of calling out charismatic judges to lead the people in
times of emergency after all he is the God. The Israel nation was God's chosen people and under
God's care and divine kingship. In Samuel 7 we see obedience of Israel to God's appointed judge,
Samuel, that favored God's deliverance of Israel from the hands of Philistines. There is no doubt
Israel had not seen and experienced ultimate power of deliverance.
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Big Business In The Gilded Age Essay
As the age of Reconstruction ended, the Gilded Age of big businesses began in the United States and
with it came new jobs and goods for Americans. When new corporations became more successful, it
made an immense impact on the economy, the political system and the lives of citizens.
Economically, the cost of food and living went down significantly as well as a surplus of jobs.
Political leaders were corrupted by big business as their decisions and laws were influenced by the
wealthy class' bribes and stealing from the common man. Though mass production allowed goods to
be made quicker and in greater quantity, the workers' horrible working conditions and remarkably
long hours caused the creation of unions and strikes. Despite the great effect big business had on the
economy in the Gilded Age through the decline in the cost of food and fuel, the daily lives of
average working–class citizens were negatively impacted by long hours, horrid working conditions
leading to unions and a corrupted political system. The use of mass production allowed for an
increase of jobs and supply of many goods in the United States and allowed for the cost of goods to
decline. The prices of food, the cost of food and fuel and lighting decreased significantly between
1870 and 1900 as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of mass production caused for big business to prosper, and created jobs. However, mass
production had a negative effect later in American history due to the great amount of supply and
lack of demand. As such, in the 1930s a major economic downfall occurred known as the Great
Depression after the crash of Wall Street where millions of dollars and jobs were lost. Big business
both positively and negatively affected the American economy as it lessened cost of living, food,
fuel and lighting in Gilded Age but later caused the Great

Direct From Death Row The Scottsboro Boys
In Mark Steins play, Direct from Death Row the Scottsboro Boys, we follow nine young boys on a
journey through the American justice system and how they got there in the first place. An ordinary
train ride, a tat with some white boys, and an accusation that turns the world of these nine boys
upside down. This modern tragedy is the story of these young boys' lives, and is the premise of how
Aristotle 's poetics came to be. Aristotle came up with these ideas through natural philosophy which
is defined by observing the world around us, and through this process was able to come up with the
six key parts of tragedy as follows: (1) Mythos, (2) Character, (3) thought, (4) diction, (5) melody,
and (6) spectacle. With these six traits in mind, Mark Stein 's was able to adapt the horrific tale and
case of the Scottsboro Boys and apply it to the format of a modern tragedy. Following the story we
find our character Haywood going from happiness to misery, an organized sequence of the events
that took place, and an ending that ties up all loose ends. While the adaptation may not be directly
follow Aristotle 's poetics, however it does follow the formula and instead takes on a different
interpretation of his work.
Characters within a Greek tragedy should follow a basic set of guidelines in order to fit the premise
of Aristotle's poetics. The characters presented to the viewer should "be consistent, good, likeable,
and of high status and reputation, but do not need to perfect" (Connelly).

Samuel Adams : The Founding Of The U.s.
Erin Koss
U.S. Government, 6th
Samuel Adams
Samuel Adams Many people have heard of John Adams, however, far fewer people know of his also
famous cousin Samuel Adams. Samuel Adams was one of America's founding fathers, and is also
known for many of his other contributions to the upbringing of modern day America. Throughout
this paper, I will be telling you why I chose to write about Samuel Adams, his life, and his notable
contributions to the founding of the U.S., as well as their significance. First, I chose Samuel Adams
to write my essay on due to the fact that throughout learning about the founding fathers, it came to
my attention that we have never learned about him in the past. As for some of the other founding
fathers, such as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of his wealth, he was ranked number five in a class of twenty at Harvard College. Many
people found this ironic due to the fact that he was caught in public drinking underage as well as
being late for Morning Prayer on multiple occasions.
While Samuel was in college, his father, along with other investors, tried to start a Land Bank in
Massachusetts. This Land Bank was very popular for a short period of time, until the British
Parliament decided they were opposed to it. Due to this, they shut the Land Bank down, leading the
Adams family into bankruptcy. This affected Samuel profoundly. People don't know if it was
because of his hostility or the opposition to British law in the colony. Because his parents had no
more money to support him at college, he was forced to work at the University to make up for the
lack of money. Later, in 1748, Samuel inherited a very large estate along with his father's brewery
business when his parents passed away. He was left with a number of lawsuits from the Land Bank
controversy. This was hard for him to take care of, and pay for because of the little income he had
from his current government job. ("Family") In 1749, Samuel Adams married the daughter of his
Pastor named Elizabeth Checkley. The couple had six children all together, but sadly only two
survived to adulthood, Samuel Jr. and Hannah. Oddly enough,

Samuel Beckett 's Waiting For Godot
Samuel Beckett was born in Ireland on April 13, 1906. Waiting for Godot was composed between
1948 and 1949 in French. The premiere was on January 5 1953 in Paris. After World War II, he
wrote Waiting for Godot. In Samuel Beckett's play, Waiting for Godot, it is essential that the play is
characterized by time and hopelessness. That the purpose of life is unanswerable; there is no
apparent meaning to it. When first analyzing the play, there is an uncertainty if anything happens
within the play or the title character's significance because of the constant repetition without
achieving answers throughout the story. Waiting for Godot captures the feeling that a situation is
hopelessly unfathomable. The play characterizes hopelessness with forms that symbolize humanity
and its behavior with all the characters. It emphasizes that because a human's life is dependant on
chance and that time is meaningless, reassuring that a human's life is meaningless. The reality of this
makes humans ambiguous, looking for outside forces, which may or may not be imaginary, for
direction. Just as Vladimir and Estragon cling onto Godot, without knowing whether or not he or it
is real. On of the play's assumptions is that chance is the main factor behind a human's existence.
Again, leading that human life is determined by and only chance. Beckett beckons on the path of
religious symbolism. Hints of Christianity are influenced in this play throughout. In fact, opening
moments of the play, Vladimir

The Novel ' The Wizzard Of Oz '
"Were off to see the Wizard" One of the great movies perhaps of all times is "THE WIZZARD OF
OZ" Dorothy is on a mission to find the Great Oz who she thinks will help her and her friends. She
believes the great and Mighty OZ has powers that will help her in her time of need. So they are all
on a dangerous journey to find the wizard. So it is here with Saul Saul's séance with the witch of
Endor in 1 Samuel 28 is regarded as the starting of the coup de grâce of his tragic ending of being
King Israel. The first anointed to be king, being first inst always what is suppose to be. Here in
Saul's case he was the first and now it's going to end in mess. In his life the Israelite king has gone
from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the valley of moral. He has fought, wrestled long and
hard to get to this place as his last few days of his life are now coming to an end. Tired of wrestling
with in his self as sleepless nights take their toll on him, on the run he has to end of this madness.
General's today, one can look at various battles and from a battle plan. They know what it takes to
end them, who to send where men, targets to bomb, etc. So it was with Saul he finally came to the
point that he has to talk to God. He knows the battle plan for this pending battle this quickly
approaching. The armies were all ready there waiting to go and destroy Saul and his armies. When
all else falls go back to square one and Saul square on like so many today is to go here from God.

The Revolutionary Revolution, By John Adams
In contrast to a contemporary movement, one iconic Cuban Revolutionist Che Guevara proclaimed,
"Many will call me an adventurer – and that I am, only one of a different sort: one of those who
risks his skin to prove his platitudes" (James). I believe that this statement can be reflected in the
colonist's motivations and actions as well. These people did not travel to the New World and risk
death because they wanted to, but because it was necessary for them in order to live at peace with
themselves. They were in such a distressed state of mind and living in Europe that they needed to
adventure and explore other options. I agree with this assessment by John Adams as the people's
mindset and creation of new independent thinking exemplifies ... Show more content on
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As Adams stated, the Revolution did not happen during the course of the war, but rather much
longer beforehand in the minds and actions of the people. The main belief that was altered and
influenced American ideals is their view on religion. What first prompted the people to move and
separate was their need to worship freely. This shows that they no longer felt safe in conformity of
the Church of England, where religion and politics were intertwined (Part V–The Reformation).
They did not feel secure enough to worship or practice a different religion in their own homes. This
fear led to distrust in the Church and politics of England. Eventually, they made the choice to stop
suffering in silence and transport themselves to a land where they could live happily. The Puritans
were the most notable because they wanted to "establish a colony based on religious ideals [...] to
build America's first utopian, or ideal, society" (Enduring Vision, 55). Safety also breeds diversity,
so other religions like the Quakers and Baptists felt compelled to move as well (Enduring Vision,
91). Socially, the people had no need to live in fear of the Anglican Church and were able to open
their minds to different views such as family rearing. There was more emphasis on the family and
child rearing in Puritan societies. Women were given more liberties and protections than in

William Shakespeare 's The Absurd Theatre
In regard to time and place in the absurd theatre, it is noted that these two elements have their
peculiarities that go with the absurd actions. Just as time and place are fundamental elements of
man's existence, they are also fundamental elements in literature. The time and place of man's living
may contribute not only to his personality, but also to his values, attitudes, and even his problems. In
literature, time and place can also influence characters' development and actions. So narrative
writing needs time and place to give the story context. The details of time and place reflect the
characters' inner thoughts and feelings and move the story plot forward. Time may be static in some
stories and dynamic in others. Place is often used to refer to the social milieu in which the events of
a work of art occur. In brief, the two elements of time and place are extremely important to any
narrative. They can have immense effects on the plot and the characters. Furthermore, they can
establish the atmosphere, or mood, of a story. Spatial and temporal relations are interconnected.
Time and place in absurd theatre are almost different from traditional drama because they are
usually ambiguous and not fixed. Both are not used in their logical and traditional form. Eugene
Ionesco seems to summarise these relations in the absurd theatre: The universe seems to me
infinitely strange and foreign. At such a moment I gaze upon it with a mixture of anguish and
euphoria; separate from the

Diminishing Influence of Biblical Values
"The Diminishing Influence of Biblical Values in Public Life Today"
Thomas Jefferson called him "truly the man of the Revolution" and he will always be remembered
in American history for his important contributions to the American Revolution. This man is Samuel
Adams, "the Father of the American Revolution." A graduate from Harvard University, Samuel
Adams failed in business before becoming a politician. Although, he was a popular leader in
America, many controversies surrounded him. He was one of the staunch supporters of
'Republicanism ' in America. The system of 'committee of correspondence ', formed by Samuel
Adams and his associates played an important role in uniting like–minded Americans from all the
thirteen colonies. He also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He then became a delegate at the Fist Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress.
He also helped draft the 'Declaration of Rights' and the 'Articles of Confederation' after. Therefore, I
feel that Adams would stay behind the scenes, but when America needed him, he would be there to
end the fight. Because Samuel Adams was a Christian man, I feel that he would be pushing to turn
America back to her founding principles.
Editorial
Religion and biblical law cannot be separated from life in general and politics in particular. Politics
has to do with civil government. Politicians get elected, make laws, tax, spend, regulate, and control.
Every law passed and every spending decision is based on some moral system. This is where the
Bible comes in. All morality is based on a religion. The Bible says, "Thou shalt not steal." Right
there is the common and basic law against theft. What we believe religiously will affect our political
beliefs and practices. If we as Americans could only follow the basic standards set for us in the
Bible and follow the values, the standard would be balanced. Yet, when religion or morality
becomes separated from decision making, convenience becomes the standard. We are then left with
two options: either God's word serves as the State's standard of the state decides upon its own
standard. America has not

Rhetorical Analysis Of Ezra Pound 's His Philosophy And...
Ezra Pound was one of the most famous and influential figures in the Modernist literature
movement. "Make it new" was his philosophy and the rallying cry for Modernist literature. Whilst
the Modernists tried to capture the new by a "persistent experimentalism", it rejected the traditional
(Victorian and Edwardian) framework of narrative, description, and rational exposition in poetry and
prose" . Modernist literature not only rejected the old in terms of form, but also in subject matter–
Modernism began to focus more on the self, on the internal dialogue. Whilst Post–Modernism is
much harder to define, one thing that is prolific in Postmodern literature is the re–working and
imitation of the past in the form of parody and pastiche. What I find interesting is that whilst
Modernist were driven by the desire to create something new, they were mostly benighted
traditionalists that were reacting to the change around them. The Postmodernists however, were not
lamenting change but using literature in a way that hoped to stimulate it. I am going to look at this
with a specific focus on The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot and The Crying Lot of 49 by Thomas
Pynchon.
Of course neither Modernist Literature nor Postmodernist literature existed in a vacuum. They were
both parts of wider movements as a whole– The Modernist movement and the Postmodernist
movement. The Modernist period occurred during a time of great change– rapid industrialisation
and new media which "disrupted the class

A King Is The Ruler
A king is the ruler, the maker or laws, and is the heart and representation of a country. Dynasties rise
and fall, under the reign of their king. He is sometime called the chosen one, as he has the power to
either bring the country to its glory, or bring ruin and devastation. Thus, throughout the history of
Israel, the three kings – Saul, David, and Solomon – where all chosen by God, and each of them had
contributed to the development of the nation.
Before the time of the three kings, those who reign over Israel were the Judges. However, the
beginning of 1 Samuel unfolded the fading of their era (New International Version). By the time the
leadership lay in the hands of Eli and his ungodly sons, God had stopped speaking to them and gave
His guidance to Samuel (Hinson and Yates 163). Thus, in time, Samuel gained his judgeship and led
the nation to victory and peace. However, as he aged, the people wish to have a king. Since Samuel
son's did not proved to be faithful to the Covenant the way their father did, the people believed it is
necessary to requested for a king (Constable, Notes on 1 Samuel). They claimed: "(w)e want a king
over us. Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to lead us and to go out before us and
fight our battles" (1 Samuel 8: 19–20, NIV). Indeed, having a king would give the power against
other enemies. Nonetheless, the people of Israel ultimately failed to understand that their true King,
the one and only that helped them throughout

Defintion Essay
Defintion Essay – Is it Possible to Define Art?
Art is the intentional use of some medium to communicate emotions or ideas between minds. Some
combination of the five senses is used to conduct information, so art may take the form of music,
painting, sculpture, dance, and others. Art may be collaborative, as with the presentation of a
symphony, which may involve a composer, a conductor, players, and a lighting crew all working to
create the art of the presentation. Also, art occurs in at least one level of abstraction removed from
reality, a representation of the real thing.
There is no requirement of beauty in art. Indeed, some of the highest quality in art is attained by
some of the ugliest things. An example is the film, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I experience Samuel Barber's Adagio with my brother, the message I receive is clear, but it is
not the same as the message my brother receives. It is likely that Samuel Barber intended neither.
Nevertheless, the piece is effective art, since it communicates messages.
Even so, there must have been some intention with which Barber wrote the piece. In general, art
must be the creation of a mind, or group of minds, with at least one purpose. As such, art is never an
accident, whereas it may have some accidental effects on certain members of an audience. The
requirement that art have some purpose from the artist rejects the notion that computers can create
art. Computers may be used as a medium for people to create art, and computers may create what
resembles art, but computers cannot create art.
Another characteristic of art is its necessary element of impracticality. That is not to say that artistic
things cannot be practical; rather, there must be some part of the piece that does more than simply
serve a function. For example, ordering a cheeseburger at McDonald's is an intentional use of the
medium of a voice to communicate a message (the desire for food) between two minds (the
customer and the server). However, it seems somewhat clear that this extreme case does not
constitute a work of art. Still, it would be possible to compose a vocal piece of music that qualifies
as art, even if the words are still, "I'd like a Big Mac, please." The art enters

Samuel Gompers Accomplishments
Samuel Gompers Samuel Gompers deserves a place in history because of his efforts in the labor
movement. Without his efforts in the labor movement, we wouldn't have working conditions we
have today. Gompers's motivation, preparation, and accomplishments prove that he is historically
significant. Motivation Samuel Gompers was motivated by his own experience. "His earliest
memories were of laboring people and their problems" ("Samuel Gompers," 1936). Seeing the
problems of laboring people first–hand inspired Gompers to take matters into his own hands. During
this time, laboring people didn't have a voice, and he was motivated to give them one. At an older
age, Gompers was motivated by other ideas. "Gompers and his trade unionists believed themselves
to be both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The philosophies he acquired through working in the cigar–making shops shaped his actions in the
labor movement. His fight for labor reforms was realistic and was not to be overshadowed. Samuel's
childhood and work experience prepared him for his accomplishments and contributions in history.
Accomplishments Samuel Gompers achieved many accomplishments during his fight for labor
reforms. "Gompers was elected president of the new labor organization, and until his death in 1924,
with the exception of one year, he was the official head of the American labor movement"("Samuel
Gompers (1850 – 1924)," 2016). Gompers was the 1st and almost only president of the American
labor movement. His continued dedication to the effort allowed him to be re elected consecutively.
Gompers's policies "had won confidence in the general public as well as among business leaders"
(Baughman, Bondi, Layman, McConnell, & Tompkins, eds., 1998). Gompers gave the working
class of America a voice, and did so peacefully. He started the movement that improved working
conditions, in which gives us the conditions we work in today. Conclusion Samuel Gompers's efforts
in the American Labor movement prove that he is

War, Disobedience And Provision From Judges And Carries...
1 Samuel picks up the theme of war, disobedience and provision from Judges and carries them
forward through God's use of Samuel and Saul. God used them to bring Israel victory over their
oppressors despite Israel's continued disobedience. Through his provision of the judges, victories
and kings, God displayed his omnipotence over the Israelites. Since these themes are carried over
throughout Judges and 1 Samuel, God is shown to be the same God over his people.
From the start of Judges, war is a prevalent theme. This theme is present in the first verse when the
Israelites asked, "Who shall go... against the Canaanites to fight against them?" Time and time again
the Lord raised up judges to deliver Israel from the oppression they faced. Even Gideon was referred
to by God as a "mighty warrior'' in chapter 6. Similar to the judges, Samuel was called by God to
deliver the people. According to the New Oxford Annotated Bible, Samuel is depicted as a
transitional figure leading up to the king the people asked for. Saul was appointed the king despite
God's warning that, "he will appoint for himself commanders of thousands...to make his implements
of war and the equipment of his chariots" in chapter 8. Saul's reign continued the theme of war
present in Judges and 1 Samuel. The Philistines were still a strong force to be reckoned with. The
Israelites were humbled when "defeated by the Philistines." As a result, they went back to their
roots, the Ark of the Covenant. God used the Ark to

The Sacred And The Profane
The belief of a sacred space has been a highly contested concept since the beginning of mankind.
Each individual may have a different perception or opinion on whether a particular place is truly
sacred. However, many of these places have a close and personal connection to certain individuals,
due in large part to having experienced a supernatural occurrence or witnessed a miracle of life.
Often times, these places become associated with a divine presence, and are ultimately labeled as
sacred for a particular religion. In The Sacred and the Profane, Mircea Eliade describes the key
elements that define a space as sacred rather than profane. He stresses his belief that not all space is
homogenous, and that there are certain places that hold ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is this interruption in space by a holy spirit that makes the space qualitatively different from its
surroundings, and one in which will eventually become an axis mundi. Eliade defines axis mundi as
a world center for the figurative connection between the different realms. It connects and supports
heaven, earth, and the underworld, allowing passage and communication from region to region.
Often times, the spot functions as the world's beginning, and may be found either as a natural object,
or as a product of human manufacturing. But above all, the axis mundi brings peace and order
because of the centrality and unity that it may instill among a group of people, leaving the other
unfamiliar and chaotic areas behind. As you will see in the following biblical texts, hierophany and
the axis mundi play a crucial role in the history of Jerusalem, and its resulting establishment as a
central religious capital and sacred space. In the first book of the Bible, Genesis, one of the earliest
depictions of the city of Jerusalem as the axis mundi is found, even before its establishment as a
distinct city. God tells Abraham to take his "only son Issac, whom you love, and go to the land of
Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains" (Genesis 22:2). But right as
he is about to reach out for the knife and kill his son, an angel of the Lord calls out to him from
heaven and stops him

Synopsis Of A Book ' Bible Of The Bible '
PROPHECY IN THE HISTORICAL BOOKS
A Paper Submitted to the
Faculty of Louisiana Baptist University
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the
Doctor of Philosophy
In
Advanced Prophetics
By
Justin G. Prock
Pyeongtaek, South Korea
July 2016
PROPHECY IN THE HISTORICAL BOOKS
Based upon Tim LaHaye's numbers, the average amount of prophecy in the twelve "Historical"
books of the Bible is 15.41%1., with the Book of II Chronicles having the most at 31% and the
Book of Esther having the least at 1%. Regardless of how much prophecy is involved in these
books, what is important is the history of people of Israel through the period of the Judges, the
United Kingdom and the Divided Kingdom. Within that history, what is most important ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is
with thee whithersoever thou goest. (Joshua 1:1–2, 5, 9)
So, God commanded Joshua to: (1) enter the Promised Land (Joshua 1:1–5:15), (2) conquer the
Promised Land (Joshua 6:1–12:24), which included the Central Campaign (Joshua 6:1–8:25), the
Southern Campaign (Joshua 9:1–10:43), and the Northern Campaign (Joshua 11:1–15), and (3)
distribute portions of the Promised Land to the 12 tribes of Israel (Joshua 13:1–22:34), which
included the land West of the Jordan (Joshua
1. Tim LaHaye et al., Tim LaHaye 's Prophecy Study Bible (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers,
2001), 249, 277, 304, 309, 347, 378, 414, 447, 481, 524, 537, 556.
14:1–19:51), the Cities of Refuge (Joshua 20:1–9), the Cities of the Levites (Joshua 21:1–45), and
the land East of the Jordan (Joshua 22:1–34). Joshua completes God's work by informing the
Israelites how to retain the Promised Land in two speeches (Joshua 23:1–24:28), which Joshua
summed up this way,
And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether
the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the
Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD...And Israel

served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that over–lived Joshua, and
which had known all the works of the LORD, that he had done for Israel

The Child Of A Pastor And A Housewife
The child of a pastor and a housewife, Samuel Morse was born on April 27, 1791. He was an
inventor and an artist during the 19th century. His invention of the telegraph, along with the creation
of the famous Morse code used to send messages across a radio wave, would change the history and
use of messaging. These inventions would make a huge impact during certain events like the Civil
War and the tragic sinking of the Titanic. Samuel Finley Breese Morse was born on April 27, 1791
in Charlestown, Massachusetts, to Jeddiah Morse and Elizabeth Ann Finley, "whom they named
after Elizabeth's father and grandfather" (Silverman 4). In all, Samuel's parents had eleven children
but only he and two others lived; the other surviving children ... Show more content on
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But three thousand miles are not passed over an instant.'" (Latham and Polseno 26). This is the time
when Samuel began to think of a way to improve the standard messaging system and started to work
on making a device that would send electricity through wires in order to send a message. In order
for his messaging idea to come to life Samuel would need help and money. As a way to make money
"he accepted an appointment as Professor of Painting and Sculpture at the just–opened University of
the City of New York." (Silverman 124). After getting a real job, and after receiving a steady
income, Samuel could finally focus on his invention of the telegraph. Finally in the fall of 1837,
Samuel received help from two men named "Alfred Vail and Leonard D. Gale" (Kerby 30). After
years of hard work and dedication, Samuel and his partners delivered a message containing the
phrase "'What hath God wrought!'" from "a room in the United States Supreme Court building...The
message was received in Baltimore." (38).During this same time, Samuel had also started coming up
with a code which would be used to send messages across the telegraph; this would later be named
after him as Morse code. With the invention of the telegraph, along with the concept of Morse code,
the world would forever change. The first

Analysis Of ' Waiting For Godot '
Throughout Samuel Beckett's Waiting For Godot, a deceptively simplistic tale of two men waiting
for the arrival of a seemingly divide entity uncovers the truth of mankind's existence. Estragon and
Vladimir, the two protagonists, are stuck in a vicious cycle of hopeful waiting, only to find that
Godot, the mysteriously omnipresent and omniscient being in the play, never arrives. While they
patiently anticipate his arrival, they encounter a type of bondage that illustrates the very significance
of insignificance as illustrated through Pozzo and his human slave, Lucky. All four characters are
destined to acknowledge the nonexistence of life itself, each being on his own path to a sacred state
of endless acceptance that is ultimately reflective of mankind in its entirety. The ritualistic waiting
illustrated by Vladimir and Estragon is a portrayal of how mankind's attempts to accept
meaninglessness are futile due to a nebulous force that constantly drives the characters. Unlike
Pozzo and Lucky, Vladimir and Estragon essentially cannot leave the stage of life because they
continually embrace the notion of hope associated with the eventual arrival of the God–like Godot:
VLADIMIR: Well? What do we do? ESTRAGON: Don't let's do anything. It's safer. VLADIMIR:
Let's wait and see what he says. ESTRAGON: Who? VLADIMIR: Godot. ESTRAGON: Good idea.
(13)
The two characters faithfully and religiously cling onto their expectations of Godot through "a kind
of prayer" in hopes that

The Friendship Of David And Jonathan
Saul's son Jonathan found great favor in David. Jonathan grew to love David, and helped protect
him from Saul's wrath. The friendship of David and Jonathan was the effect of divine grace, which
produces in true believers one heart and one soul, and causes them to love each other (Henry, 2000).
It is possible to love other people even if a parent has hatred in their hearts towards them. When
Jonathan could not stop Saul's march toward evil, he could warn the intended victim, thus averting a
tragedy (Fackler, 2006). Christians in today's world can learn a valuable lesson of loving others even
if there are issues that are impending on the situation that could cause anger to occur. Jonathan was
loyal to David causing a positive reflection on his covenant and commitment to his friendship with
David. "And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of
Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul" (KJV, 1 Samuel
18:1). Jonathan vowed to help David and stood by his word. Those who love Christ as their own
souls will be willing to join themselves to him in an everlasting covenant (Henry, 2001). I was
unaware that David and Jonathan had such a special bond; and made me think about my own life
and my commitment to my friends. There can be strength found in God's word if you put him first as
David did in his own battles.
How 1 Samuel affects Christians Today
The teachings of 1 Samuel shares valuable

The 's Present And Past History During The Time Of The...
"Give me liberty or give me death." This quote was spoken by Patrick Henry. This paper will
discuss Massachusett's present and past history during the time of the Revolutionary War; as well as
the causes of the war, Sons of Liberty, and important battles. Boston was where the action began. It
began with taxes being raised, acts being made, such as the Stamp act. They were upset because
legislature was taxing the Americans without a representative for the people(Bomboy). British
forces arriving was another cause. Then, the Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre occurred.
Key figures and leaders came forward, such as Paul Revere, Samuel Adams,and John Hancock and
they started calling for action(Sword She Seeks Under Liberty). Meanwhile in Worcester, political
control was with the Americans, but the court was under control of the British. The British were
attempting to regain control by marching on the courthouse where the citizens were gathered. The
citizens held the British forces back but later were afraid that without protecting the courthouse at
night, the British would take control of the courthouse, then take their tools, livestock, or farms as
punishment and this sent people into more disarray. Tensions were escalating between people, so
reasonable patriots called for a meeting of several counties that were involved in this. Meanwhile,
British General Thomas Gage decided that he would hold the troops in Worcester at the time. He
would take the Courthouse back

Essay about Birth of the Republic
The Birth of the Republic
Edmund S. Morgan
Notes
James Otis – 1765 "Were these colonies left to themselves tomorrow, America would be a mere
shambles of blood and confusion . . . . there would soon be civil war from one end of the continent
to the other."
20 years later these same people united to create a government that has had a longer continuous
existence than that of any Western country except England. P. 8 – Colonial governors helpless to
take action without the assistance of the representative assemblies. The assemblies held the power of
the purse and generally got their way. Navigation Acts – acts passed by British Parliament to
regulate colonial trade so that raw materials were produced for the mother country and ... Show
Sept. 13, 1768 – with troops about to arrive, the people of Boston gathered in Town Meeting and
declared that the keeping of a standing army amongst them "without their consent in person or by
Representatives of their own free election, would be an infringement of their natural, constitutional
and Charter Rights; and the employing such Army for the enforcing of Laws made without the
consent of the people, in Person, or by their representatives would be a grievance." (p45) The
Bostonians, by restraining their anger and offering no open affront to the troops, were able to win
universal sympathy and to make the whole policy of employing troops against them seem as
ridiculous as it was odious. In fact, such a calm prevailed that no real use could be found for the
troops at all. March 5, 1770 – Boston Massacre – A crowd gathered, "a motley rabble of saucy boys,
negroes and mulattoes, Irish teagues and outlandish jack tars" as John Adams called them during the
soldiers' trial.
Soldiers received a heavy bombardment of snowballs and rubbish when they opened fire. 3 dead, 8
wounded , including Crispus Attucks. The story spread rapidly throughout colonies. Americans by
now had realized that Boston's cause was their cause. They all had property which Parliament
claimed the right to take away. They all had rep. assemblies that royal governors might dissolve.
1770–1773 – The Townshend Acts did

Charles Taylor And The Civil War
Liberia has suffered two major civil wars. The first civil war happened from 1989 until 1997. In
1980, Samuel Doe had led a coup d'état to overthrow the government of Tubman. In 1985, elections
were held in the country, and it was considered to be highly fraudulent. A coup was organized, but it
was not successful. In 1989, Charles Taylor arrived in the country from Ivory Coast and led an
uprising against the government of Samuel Doe. During the uprising, two factions arose with one
staying with Taylor and the other supporting Prince Johnson. Johnson fought for the capital, and he
executed Doe while taking the city. The emerging conflicts saw Taylor and Johnson fighting over
the control of Monrovia. The civil war led to over 200,000 deaths. After the election of Taylor, peace
reigned for two years before the second civil war started. The war began in 1999 when a rebel group
that was backed by Guinea, which was a neighboring country, invaded northern Liberia. The
Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) fought against Taylor forces. Civilians
were the most affected because they were between the two warring factions. In 2003, another rebel
group was formed known as Movement for Democracy in Liberia. This group emerged from the
south and by mid–2003, the government controlled only a third of the country. The two–rebel group
oversaw the deaths of thousands of people. Much more were displaced. Currently, the population of
Liberia consists of more than 51%

Samuel Gompers Accomplishments
Samuel Gompers was born on January 27, 1850 in East London. Gompers was sent to a free jewish
school at the age of six. The education was short lived when he started work rolling cigars at ten
years old. In 1863 he and his family moved to a poor area in new york city, where Gompers took up
cigar making once more. From a very young age, Gompers was drawn to the work of small unions
for cigar makers. At just 16 he often spoke out toward employers about unfair treatment and quickly
rose to the top of union 15. Gompers found it hard to compete with with workers who got paid a fee
for every cigar they made, there was also competition with machines that could replace workers.
Gompers was influenced by the passion of the workers around him, despite many unsuccessful
strikes. In 1875 Gompers and his friend Adolph Strasser founded the Cigar Makers International
Union (CIU). He was elected president for three years until he helped form a new union, the
Federation of Organized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
formed in 1886, during the time of the knights of labor, an older union. the goals of the AFL were
different than the goals of the Knights of Labor, Gompers believed that socialism was poison to the
cause. He was one of the only labor union leaders to hold strikes regularly, and recognized their
power. Gompers sought the help of president Woodrow Wilson to help the AFL, the union helped
wilson in his election. By his first year in office most of the AFL's demands were met. Gompers
served as the president of the AFL for 40 years. He was a hero to many and helped workers get the
conditions and wages that they deserved. If I was in his shoes I would not have spoken out against
pacifists the way gompers did, but I recognize his decision. Samuel Gompers died on December 13,
1945 in San Antonio, Texas. His last words were: "Nurse, this is the end. God bless our American
institutions. May they grow better day by

Essay on John Hancock
In all of American history, there are many men who stand out and emphasize the history ofour
country. This man, John Hancock, is one of those extraordinary men that stand out.John’s
life began on January 16, 1736 in Braintree, Massachuchetts.John was the middle child of three. He
was the son of (Rev.) John Hancock, born on June 1, 1702 in Lexington, Massachuchetts and son of
Mary Hawke, born on October 13, 1711 in Hingham, Massachuchetts. Mary was once married
before she married John Hancock Sr. Her previous marriage ended in her former husband’s
death.(Rev.) John Hancock was well–liked by his parish, was paid well, and was provided a very
comfortable home. In return of their generosity, he was a “faithful shepard.” ... Show
His age though caused a slight problem. He was almost nine years of age and all the first graders
were almost seven. The master of the school, John Lovell, found a nice solution. Since John was
excellently trained in Lexington, Lowell moved him up to third grade. John was neither
Lowell’s favorite nor his worst student. By his fifth year, he was ready to begin
“making Latin”. He translated from Caesar’s Commentaries,
Cicero’s Orations , and the Aeneid. The major purpose of the school was to prepare a
student in the liberal arts so he can follow the same path at college. The foundation of the school
was classical languages, but with his mastery of the ancients, he also acquired knowledge of history,
philosophy , and theology. By the time spring came around in 1750, John was finishing his time at
Latin. He had completed the school’s curriculum and was preparing for college. Of course
the choice was Harvard. He was armed with a conspicuous heredity, money, and recommendations
from Master Lowell. John didn’t have any trouble getting into Harvard. In the fall of 1750,
John, Latin alumnus entered Harvard College. At the age of thirteen and a half, he was the second
youngest boy in his class, and he was ranked fifth out of the twenty in his class. College work for
Hancock was practically a continuation of his work at Latin. The emphasis in college was still
languages

The Biblical Subtext in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting For Godot...
Samuel Beckett may have renounced the use of Christian motifs in Waiting for Godot, but looking at
the character of Lucky proves otherwise. We can see Lucky as a representative figure of Christ as
his actions in the play carry a sort of criticism of Christianity. His role suggests that the advantages
of Christianity have declined to the point where they no longer help humanity at all. If you analyze
the poem Waiting for Godot you can see the huge parallels between the character of Lucky and
Jesus. Lucky, bound with a rope, is the disgraced prisoner, very similar to the story of Jesus as the
prisoner of the Romans after Judas turned him in. Pozzo beats, yells at, and spits on Lucky the same
way the Roman treated Jesus when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lucky slowly chokes as the rope cuts into his neck just as crucifixion suffocated Jesus until he was
dead. Pozzo, rephrasing Estragon's question, then asks a emblematic question concerning Lucky, he
asks "Why he doesn't make himself comfortable?". This question refers specifically to the taunting
spectators gave to Jesus, telling him to save himself and if he is the son of God to get himself off the
cross, this also refers generally to Christ's mission of suffering on earth to forgive us of our sins.
Pozzo tells them that Lucky doesn't want to let go of the luggage because "He wants to mollify me,
so that I will give up the idea of parting with him". He also says that Lucky "imagines that when I
see how well he carries I'll be tempted to keep him on in that capacity". This is extremely similar to
the way that Jesus believed that he had to carry out his burden of crucifixion to awaken humanity's
faith in God for time to come. Jesus directed his apostles to "make disciples of all nations and to
teach them to carry out everything I have commanded you. And always know that I am with you"
(Matthew 28:18–20). Jesus wanted us as humans to act in his own memory, or to keep himself on in
that capacity, which was that of teacher, consoler, and in the end deliverer of salvation. In the past
Pozzo had benefitted from Lucky, now he thinks the benefits are gone. Something,

Labor Day Essay
Labor Day is a dedication to the social and economic achievements of American workers. It
constitutes a yearly national acknowledgment to the contributions that workers have made to the
strength, prosperity and well–being of our country. It has evolved from a purely labor union
celebration into a general "last fling of summer" festival. The origin and deeper meaning of the day
has been forgotten, or never actually known to many.
The beginnings of the American Labor Movement started with the Industrial Revolution. Once
factory systems began to grow, a demand for workers increased. They hired large amounts of young
women and children who were expected to do the same work as men for less wages. New
immigrants were also employed and called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was founded in 1869 by garment workers in Philadelphia who believed that one union of skilled
and unskilled workers should exist. The union was originally a secret, but later was open to all
workers, including blacks, women and farmers. Five hundred thousand workers joined in a year.
Their goals were an eight–hour work day, a minimum wage, arbitration rather than strikes, health
and safety laws, equal pay for equal work, no child labor under the age of fourteen, and government
ownership of railroads, telegraphs and telephones. However, the Knights of Labor was a relatively
weak organization, and eventually fell apart.
In 1886, the American Federation of Labor (AF of L) was formed and replaced the Knights of
Labor. Its leader was former cigar union official Samuel Gompers who only wanted to focus on
skilled workers. The AF of L was a conglomeration of twenty–five unions that included three
hundred thousand workers working for increasing wages, reducing hours, and improving working
conditions. Gompers believed that everyone should receive equal pay for equal work, and that
everyone's rights should be protected. He also thought the unions should be primarily concerned
with the day–to–day welfare of the members and should not become involved with politics. He also
thought that socialism would not succeed in the United States. "Bread and butter"
unionism was the

`` The Cradle Of Freedom `` By Nathaniel Philbrick
Samuel Adams once said, "It does not take a majority to prevail... but rather an irate, tireless
minority, keen on setting brushfires of freedom in the minds of men." In Bunker Hill, Nathaniel
Philbrick chronicles how the conflagration of the American Revolution would erupt from the embers
of the past focusing on the great impact that those involved in the infamous battle for which the
book is titled and the battle itself would have on the colonies and their fight for liberties. This is a
vivid bildungsroman for the city of Boston, teeming with new thoughts and ideals, that would face
internal conflict, which would later give the city the title "the Cradle of Freedom."1 Setting aside the
legends of the revolution, Philbrick presents not only a historic event in American history, but also
the subtle, essential moments that are not limited to 1775 but are the underpinning "mechanics of
overthrowing a regime" that "are essentially the same today as they were in the eighteenth century;"
however, focusing on our mythic Founding Fathers, many overlook the true nature of the war that is
present in every revolution.2
Unlike the hackneyed stories told to us as children on the Fourth of July, the American colonies
were not victims to an overly oppressive, malevolent motherland thousands of miles away. In fact
studies have shown that the American colonies were the least–taxed people in the Western world and
that, overall, the claims of English oppression boil down to nothing more

How Does Lyddie Sign The Petition To Keep Working In...
When a petition to get better working conditions many people have to decide either to sign it and
possibly lose their job or to not sign it and keep working in terrible working conditions but still
make money.In the fiction novel Lyddie, by Katherine Peterson is about a 13 year old girl named
Lyddie that was loaned out to a tavern, and was working for no pay to pay of some debts, but about
a year later she was fired. Then Lyddie went to Lowell to become a factory girl, now she has
become the best worker there, but now she has to decide either to sign a petition and get fired and
blacklisted or to not sign the petition and keep her job. Some people think that Lyddie should sign
the petition but if she does that she will more likely fired and then blacklisted. But Lyddie shouldn't
so she keeps her job. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"She needed the money . she had to have the money" pg.89. In this quote, Lyddie is referring to the
money that she earned over the summer when she was working four looms instead of two and
Lyddie made quite a bit of money but it came to an end, and now she wants to do that again so that
she can make more money to save the farm. "The money was growing again. She had nearly caught
up with the wages lost by her illness..." (139). When Lyddie was sick she lost a good portion of her
money. But now Lyddie has almost made all of that money back. "I got more than one hundred
dollars to the debt.do not let them sell, Charlie. I beg you." Lyddie is now begging charlie to stop
Judah from selling the farm so that she can pay off the debts and bring Rachel back to the farm. In
the end if Lyddie signs the petition she would not be able to pay off the debts because she would
lose her

Samuel Gompers Research Paper
Samuel Gompers Samuel Gompers was born on January 27, 1850, in East London, England into a
Jewish family.
Gompers was the first and longest president of the American Federation of Labor. He has five
brothers and 1 sister, born to the parents of Solomon and Sarah Gompers. When he was six he was
sent to a Jewish school where he was taught basic education. After Gompers 10th birthday, he was
removed from school and sent to work to help his family. In 1863 it was difficult for his family
when they migrated to United States and settled in New York. In 1864 at the age of 14, he became
involved in the activity of the cigar makers local unions. He married Julian which was one of his
co–workers a day after his 17th

Waiting For Godot, By Judy Hegarty Lovett
Waiting for Godot is known to be a classic example of "Theater of the Absurd", drama using the
neglect of conventional dramatic form to portray the ineptness of human struggle in a meaningless
world. Director Judy Hegarty Lovett and actor Conor Lovett 's Beckett work with Gare St Lazare
Players Ireland has gained them a reputation as two of the world 's foremost Beckett interpreters.
Judy Hegarty Lovett and her husband, Conor Lovett, had a very successful year in 2014. I was very
interested to see if this director/actor power couple held up to all the hype, and I was delighted to see
such a strong performance by both. Conor, although working in a lot of solo plays the past year, was
a pleasure to watch, and well deserved his Stage award for Acting Excellence, in 2014, for Title and
Deed. Judy Hegarty did an outstanding job in the production of Waiting for Godot with the use of
the simplicity of the character's needs, and subtle comical nature.
Although reading this play was entertaining, it was a lot more eye–opening in theaters. Throughout
director Judy Hegarty Lovett's enactment, I was able to uncover themes within the performance that
I was not aware of previously. With the help of absurdity and comedy, she effectively portrayed
themes of choice, time, and uncertainty.
Waiting for Godot consists of two men, Vladimir (Didi) played by Conor Lovett and Estragon
(Gogo) played by Gary Lydon. Together they partake in many insignificant actions while trying to
kill time

American History: The Progressive Movement
From the late 1800's to the early 1900s there was a large scale movement in the US known as the
progressive era. This movement was focused on how many americans were concerned about their
working environments and how corporations would treat them. This era is considered to most to end
around the time the US gets involved in WWI since it was able to bring together the corporation and
the public to work towards the common goal of the war. However before this Corporation were only
focused on making as much money as they could, not a surprise since America is a free market
capitalist country. Meaning that it is up to the individual to earn a living themselves. This generally
involves a bare minimum of government oversight in how corporations do business. This meant that
at the time in American history there was very little regulation about what is considered good
business practices and this led to an overwhelming amount of business owners that would: own
monopolies, overwork their employees, and treat them badly. This mistreatment of employees, and
lack of production standards ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout the years of the Progressive movement many people attributed to the expanding distrust
of businesses. These people were known as muckrakers. There job was just as it sounds: to uncover
the nasty and distasteful facts of large corporations. To no surprise one of the more famous
muckrakers was Upton Sinclair. His book The Jungle was so appalling that, in 1906, "the Bureau of
Animal Industry refuted Sinclair's severest allegations, characterizing them as 'intentionally
misleading and false,' 'willful and deliberate misrepresentations of fact,' and 'utter absurdity.'"
(Michael Suede) However these remarks did not change the public's opinion on the meatpacking
industry. Sinclair had said many things that discusted the public one of which

Working Rights In The Late 1800s And Early 1900s
The working conditions and working rights in the late 1800s and early 1900s were lacking and
required some help to make more humane. Before any of the laws that helped reform our nation,
working in mines or factories was dangerous and not worth the effort. Secondly, the hours were
unethical, as workers sometimes had to toil away for 12 hours, seven days a week with a one day
break every two weeks. Workers who were fighting for their rights were not alone, as there were
some people who also believed morality was more important at the moment. The changes made
were for the better and made the world of hard labor a better place. Thankfully, these rules were not
ever taken away and people now live to know that they will earn the money and rights that they
deserve.
A miner from the 1800s had to work hard for little bits of money. One specific miner went to a
school with his three brothers, although it was not a good school since schools back then were not
the best, until he was twelve, when he went to pick slate. There were five kids that worked there,
one of which was crushed by 50 tons of rock one week before he was to get married. There were
many risks in mining, like falling rock, miner's asthma, powder, smoke, poisonous gases, and bad
air. Miners were living unfair lives and that was fixed well (Doc 1). In 1902, Theodore Roosevelt
helped the lives of mine workers by decreasing the time for miners to work from 12 hours to 9.
Roosevelt also gave workers a wage increase,

Analysis Of The Play ' Waiting For Godot '
The play "Waiting for Godot" performed at the NYU Skirball Center for the Performing Arts
provides an impressive adaptation of Samuel Beckett's original work. First off, the Irish theatrical
troupe, Gare St Lazare, is one of the foremost specialist on Beckett's work, which includes modern
interpretations of his work in "Waiting for Godot. This production combines a strong does of
slapstick comedy, which is typically found in the way Vladimir (Nathan Lane) and Estragon (Bill
Irwin) are often seen physically interacting with each other when taking off boots, running about the
circular stage, and other back–slapping styles of "Laurel and Hardy" methods of interaction. In
comparison, Beckett's play tends to reveal the absurdity of poverty of the two men, which is
depicted in a more serious depiction of their wretched lives. For instance, in one scene Beckett's
Vladimir is more prone to somber bouts of violence in the original play: "Enter Vladimir, somber.
He shoulders Lucky out of his way, kicks over the stool, comes and goes agitatedly" (36). In the
Gare St Lazare production, the slapstick style of comedy is far less violent in terms of projecting a
more comedic view of poverty in the dire circumstances portrayed by Lane's portrayal of Vladimir.
However, there are some elements of the absurd, which are dictated by the presentation of Beckett's
play in a smaller venue, such as the Skirball Theater at New York University. The "Irishness" of the
play is typically found in the

Perceptions Of The British And Indian War
Perceptions of Britain
Many events happened during the period of time between 1763–1775, that changed Americans
mindset from then until now. Certain people and certain events during this time frame affected the
nation of the United States enormously. This time period changed the United States for better and
for worse. Certain people like Thomas Paine and Samuel Adams, tenaciously tried to change the
course of history; haven wars, such as the French and Indian war altered the perception of the
American people. These events and people were some of the many facilitated with the defiance
against the British. This essay will show how these altercations turned the People of the newly
formed Americas against the British.
During the time of 1763–1775 one of the occurrences that happened to affect the colonist's
perception of the British was the French and Indian War. The amazing thing is that the war itself was
not the main factor of the colonist's trouble with the British, but the time after the war that was the
cause of trouble. During the war the British fought with France around the Ohio valley for the
control of land. The Ohio valley was very important to both of the empires, because of the value of
the land and the strategic point it held in the years to come. Although both had their struggles
especially with the Native Americans that called this place their home. Most of the Native
Americans sided with either the British or the French, because they thought that if they had

Samuel Gompers Conversion To Socialism
In accordance with his hostility to socialism, Gompers was a staunch supporter of capitalism. He
believed that capitalism would improve the rights of union members, and also increase the strength
and power of the labor movement. However, in 1895 the Socialist Party within the AFL took
control, leading to the only year in which Samuel Gompers was not elected president. Despite this,
the next year Gompers was re–elected President, and his aversion to socialism became stronger than
ever. Another defining characteristic of Samuel Gompers was that he was unafraid to stand up for
his cause. In 1906, after the courts issued an order not to boycott the Buck Stove and Range
Company, Gompers disobeyed this order and was consequently sentenced to a year ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Samuel Gompers choose not to focus on a reformation of America as a whole, but rather on
protecting the rights of everyday people. By focusing on simple, obtainable goals, Gompers
impacted the lives of millions of people. Gompers had to not only defend his position to those in the
government who did not support the labor movement, but also to his contemporaries who thought
him to be too conservative. He never backed down from his goal of protecting the rights of the
working class. Focusing on his objectives, Samuel Gompers took a firm stance on labor, defending
his position to anyone who disagreed with him. During a chaotic time in history where a strong
figure was desperately needed to change the status quo, Samuel Gompers emerged as a leader at the
forefront of the labor movement.

Samuel Beckett 's Waiting For Godot, Endgame, And Not I
To many people life is a continuous search for purpose and meaning in a chaotic and uncaring
world, and to the playwright Samuel Beckett it is no different. In the works Waiting for Godot,
Endgame, and Not I, Samuel Beckett uses elements of nihilism, pessimism, and absurdity to find
humor in day–to–day existence, as well as the relationships between the self and others. Before one
can analyze Beckett's work, one must first understand the meanings of nihilism, pessimism, and
absurdity in regard to Beckett himself.
Nihilism is a term often attributed to inaction, immorality, and pointlessness. The Merriam–Webster
Dictionary defines the term as "a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and
that existence is senseless and useless" (Nihilism). That being said, nihilism is not a support of
immoral actions but rather a belief that the concept of morality is without logical standing. This
understanding of nihilism will make itself more apparent when analyzing Waiting for Godot.
Pessimism is another term commonly associated with a bleak and demoralized perception of reality.
Its true definition is not far off from this association, described as "An inclination to emphasize
adverse aspects, conditions, and possibilities or to expect the worst possible outcome" (Pessimism).
Beckett's Endgame and Not I are works which provide many examples of Pessimism.
In contrast to the previous terms, absurdity or rather, the absurd, carries a correlation to humor,
silliness,

Samuel Gompers Chapter Summary
For this assignment, I chose to read Samuel Gompers and Organized Labor in America written by
Harold C. Livesay and published in 1978. Samuel Gompers is the subject of the book, which
discusses his role in organizing the American Federation of Labor. Livesay evaluates Samuel
Gompers struggle to create the American Federation of Labor. He describes the struggle the
American Federation of Labor went through for survival. Basically, he tells the story of how Samuel
Gompers worked his whole adult life to create the American Federation of Labor. Livesay divided
the book into ten chapters, which were arranged chronologically. The headings for the chapter were
appropriate for each, as they described what would follow in each chapter. Each chapter ... Show
He presented what I felt to be well researched and thorough information. He did not drift off of topic
or provide misleading information. He did not provide unnecessary information, I felt that all
information provided was essential for telling Gomper's story. However, I felt that even though the
chapters were divided chronologically, the author jumped around to different dates too much. I felt
that he should have waited to mention some things until there appropriate chapters. He repeated
some information that had been previously mentioned in other chapters. I felt that the chronological
order of the material is the way it should have been presented. Presenting it in a topical organization
would have probably thrown the reader off course. I had only partially learned of Samuel Gompers
in my studies and felt that the book enhanced my knowledge of how much he struggled to make his
dream a reality. The book tells how much he gave up to make his dream possible. I did not realize
how ruthless Gompers could be in making the AF of L what it became. Livesay mentions "Sam
rarely admitted to his mistakes. But claiming credit and ducking blame was just one of the ways
Gompers consolidated his power" (page 105). This explains that Gompers was not always the honest
and hardworking man I had thought he was. But again, I hadn't learned much about him. This book
helped me to get to know Gompers on a personal level. The references and quotes included

Postmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism
This paper outlines, argues and evaluates the key ideas used in debates about modernism and
postmodernism. In order to understand and evaluate the key ideas the terms modernism and
postmodernism had to be defined. I found much difficulty in finding a clear and concise definition
of the two terms and so I researched and formed a train of thoughts into one definition. Modernism,
beginning in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century within Europe and America,
was a movement mainly pioneered by artists who focused on the separation of their craft from the
status quo of the society during that period mainly by the use of experimentation with content, form
and materials (Long & Wall, 2012). Many believe that the basic principles of modernism can be
derived from the Idea of Progress, which emerged in the 18th century Age of Enlightenment with
the idea that people themselves could develop and change their society.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernization_theory, 2014). The post modernism term was much
harder to explain and so in addition to outlining and evaluating the key ideas of postmodernism I
have also highlighted the works and examples of the theorist Jean Baudrillard and the artist Marcel
Duchamp, among others, to further explain the term post modernism. This paper is separated into
five subtopics where I go in–depth into each category so as to give a fair analysis and evaluation on
both modernism and post modernism.
Modernism vs. Postmodernism
As previously

American Workers and Labor Unions in The Twenties
In the period immediately following World War I, American workers struggled to earn a living as
prices rose and wages stagnated, forcing them to seek union support. Labor unions endeavored to
represent the working class against their employers and corporations, who refused to increase wages
or improve working conditions. In order to combat the capitalist's immense political clout, unions
made their voice heard through strikes. After the war, capitalists linked unions to the mounting
communist threat, stressing that strikes undermined capitalism and threatened a republican form of
government. As a result, government sided with capital against labor unions and the struggle of the
American workers, who had no voice against corporations. This struggle can be exemplified in a
correspondence between union leader, Samuel Gompers and bishop William Quayle, published in
"The Twenties in Contemporary Commentary: Labor & Capital". The letters demonstrate that in the
1920's, labor unions were necessary as a means to overcome capitalist greed and enhanced the ideals
of democracy by empowering the working class. Unimpeded in their pursuit of maximum profits to
the detriment of the workers, capitalists and their oppressive methods made labor unions necessary.
It is vital to acknowledge the possible bias in Gompers' argument, considering he is a union leader.
Also, bishop Quayle's potential bias must be considered, stemming from him being a clergymen
who's in contact with those affected

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