This document discusses reported speech, which is how we represent the speech of others or ourselves. There are two types of speech: direct speech uses exact words, while reported (indirect) speech does not. There are five kinds of direct and reported speech - statements, orders/commands, requests, yes-no questions, and wh-questions. The tenses and some words like now and here are changed when moving from direct to reported speech, as shown in examples and tables. The next lesson will cover orders and commands in reported speech.

1. Reported speech
By
Kameran Noori Abdullah
English Language Teaching
Email: sslaw84@yahoo.com
Phone No. 07504797002

2. Outline
1-Introduction
2-Significance of the study
3-Two kinds of speech
4-Five kinds of direct and reported speech
5-Statements
6- Table 1 , Table 2 , Table 3

3. Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other
people or what we ourselves say. There are two types of speech:
direct speech and indirect speech.
Introduction

4. Significance of the study
Reported speech is a phenomenon that occurs in all styles, in
spoken and written discourse, in newspaper articles, fiction,
and academic writing.

5. 1. Direct speech: is the style of speech or writing that is used for
repeating what someone has said using exactly the words
they used.
2.Reported (or Indirect) Speech: is the style of speech or writing that
is used for telling what someone said, but not using exactly the
same words.
There are two kinds of speech

6. There are five kinds of direct and reported speech:
1.Statements
2.Orders or Commands
3.Requests
4.Yes – No Questions
5.Wh – Questions

7. Statements
Example
Direct statement: she said, ‘’I will Iron my dress now’’
Reported statement: she said(that) she would iron her dress then.

8. We change the tenses in the reported speech as follows
Table 1
Direct Speech Reported Speech
simple present [work]  simple past [worked]
present continuous [am – is – are
working]
 past continuous [was/were working]
Present Perfect [has – have worked]  Past Perfect [had worked]

9. simple past [worked]  Past Perfect [had worked]
past continuous [was/were working]  Past Perfect Continuous [had been
working]
Past Perfect [had worked]  Past Perfect [had worked]
Past Perfect Continuous [had been
working]
 Past Perfect Continuous [had been
working]
Table 2

10. Direct Speech Reported Speech
now then
here there
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next day
Some words are changed in reported speech
Table 3

12. Next Lesson(assignment)
2- Orders or Commands

13. Buttny, R. & Williams, P. L. (2000). Demanding respect: The uses of reported speech in discursive constructions of
interracial contact Discourse and Society, II (1), 109-133.
Comrie, B. (2012). Tense in indirect speech. Folia Linguistica, 20, 265-296.
Thewlis, S. H. (2001). Grammar dimensions (3rd ed.) (pp. 400-416). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Asher, N., & Lascarides, A. (2011). Indirect speech acts. Synthese, 128, 183-228.
References