1. Cognitive and Emotional
Impairments
By: Katie Kravitz

2. Cognitive
Impairments:
Types, Causes,
and Prevention

3. Down Syndrome
1 in every 733 live births
Genetic not hereditary
Caused from extra chromosome
50% born to mothers over 35
Impacts intellectual development and
language

4. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
In-born error of metabolism (enzymes are
not produced correctly)
Buildup causing severe cognitive impairments
Detected at birth
Can be treated with early detection and
strict diet

5. Fragile X
Mutation on the long arm of X chromosome
1 in 4,000 live births
Protein deficiency causing developmental
abnormality
Behavior problems
Kids need: structure, routine, schedules,
manageable steps

6. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
7 out of 10,000 births
life long side effects
not outgrown, only managed
hyperactivity, attention problems, and impacts
on academic development

7. Causes of CI
Based on timing
prenatal-before birth
perinatal-during birth
postnatal-after birth

8. Causes of CI (cont.)
Based on Type
Biomedical-factors that relate to the biological
processes, (ex. genetic disorders or nutrition)
Social-factors that relate to social or family
interactions
Behavioral-factors that relate to the potentially
casual behaviors such as dangerous activities or
substance abuse
Educational-factors that relate to the availability of
educational supports that promote mental
development or adaptive skills

9. Prevention of CI
Prenatal care
Immunizations
Educational programs addressing drug and
alcohol abuse
Lead Screening
Prenatal testing

10. Emotional
Impairments

11. Anxiety Disorders
Phobias
Generalized Anxiety disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Eating Disorders
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

12. Mood Disorders
Emotions
Motivation
Physical well being
Thoughts

13. Oppositional Defiant
Disorder (ODD)
Pattern of negativistic, hostile,
disobedient, defiant behaviors
Loss of temper, arguing, irritability

14. Conduct Disorders
Persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that
significantly interferes with school, family,
and social functioning
Aggressive conduct
Non-aggressive conduct
Deceitfulness/theft
Serious rule violations

15. Schizophrenia
Hallucinations
Withdrawal
Delusions
Inability to experience pleasure
Lost contact with reality
Disorganized speech

16. Causes
Biology- Prenatal drug exposure, genetic
foundation
Home/Community- abuse/neglect, parental
stress, inconsistent expectations and rules,
confusion and turmoil over long periods of
time, poverty
School-Teachers have a tremendous
influence, frustration, aggression, withdrawal

17. Works Cited
Turnbull, Anita, Rud Turnbull, Michael L. Wehmeyer. Exceptional
Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools. Upper Saddle River.
Pearson. 2010. Print.