This document discusses various causal factors that can contribute to students having mild to moderate intervention needs. It notes that causes are often complex, with multiple biological and environmental variables playing a role. Some key biological risk factors mentioned are genetic predispositions, brain development issues, temperament, and neurological factors. Environmental risk factors discussed include prenatal and postnatal influences like maternal health, malnutrition, toxins, family experiences, poverty, and gaps in school attendance. The document emphasizes that it is difficult to isolate single causes and that risk factors do not necessarily determine outcomes, as development involves many interacting influences.