3D Printing Revolutionizes Industries

Effect Of 3d Printing On Industries
Effect of 3D Printing in Industries Hod Lipson, a well–known robotics engineer at Cornell
University, once said, "The next episode of 3D printing will involve printing entirely new kinds of
materials. Eventually we will print complete products – circuits, motors, and batteries already
included. At that point, all bets are off" (Lipson). This dated quote has now become a reality. The
new expansion in technology has led to 3D printing becoming a new revolutionary process that is
going to further industry. 3D printing is being used in multiple fields such as medical, food,
automotive and even education. The use of this new technology has opened doors for new learning
and new horizons for future inventions. 3D Printing is a new technology ... Show more content on
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With these new advancements, doctors and engineers can now print living tissues into any shape or
form to create new organs or new body parts. Now that doctors can print up new organs, the backlog
on kidney transplants to be reduced to almost none (Mukherjee). These organs have been developed
and soon to be implemented into transplants across the industry. Along with new organs, new body
parts can be created for amputee victims or anyone else who is need of a prosthetic limb. Although
the industry already has realistic looking parts, with the use of tissue printing, the parts can now
have real skin to touch and possibly even have hair grow on the limb. The uses don't just stop at
body parts either, doctors have replaced a skull with 75 percent printed material (Mukherjee) and
were successful with the operation. 3D printing also is used in the medical industry for new tools or
replacements. Dr. Tarek Loubani is the man who used a 3D printer to fix the shortages of
stethoscopes in Gaza (The Associated Press). Dr. Loubani used a 3D printer to print a fully
functional stethoscope that doctors say "works just as good" (The Associated Press). These new
stethoscopes can be produced at a fraction of the cost of normal stethoscopes which helps eliminate
a shortage of supplies. The entire medical field will or already has been affected by this mass use of
new technology. The next largest industry to be affected is the
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3D Printinging : Additive Manufacturing : 3D Printing
ME 121 – FA17 – Additive Manufacturing – 3D Printing
Muthukrishnarajah, Dharshana
The beginning stage for any 3D printing process is a 3D advanced model, which can be made
utilizing an assortment of 3D programming programs – in industry this is 3D CAD, for Makers and
Consumers there are less complex, more open projects accessible – or filtered with a 3D scanner.
The model is then 'cut' into layers, along these lines changing over the plan into a record
decipherable by the 3D printer. The material prepared by the 3D printer is then layered by the
outline and the procedure. As expressed, there are various diverse sorts of 3D printing
advancements, which process distinctive materials in various approaches to make the last protest. ...
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PCs dislike people; they can't simply take a gander at a 3D demonstrate and basically tell their
companion 'Mr. 3D Printer' what to print. Parts of 0s are included, which means parcels and heaps of
PC code. Once a 3D demonstrate is planned or just downloaded off of a storehouse like Thingiverse,
the record (these for the most part have augmentations, for example, 3MF, STL, OBJ, PLY, and so
forth.) must be changed over into something many refer to as G–code.
G–code is a numerical control coding utilized for the most part for PC helped producing (both
subtractive and added substance fabricating). It is a dialect which advises a machine how to move.
Without G–code there would be no chance to get for the PC to impart where to store, cure or sinter a
material amid the creation procedure. Projects, for example, Slic3r are required keeping in mind the
end goal to change over 3D demonstrate documents into G–code. Once the G–code is made it can be
sent to the 3D printer, giving an outline regarding what its next a few thousand moves will comprise
of. These means all indicate the total creation of a physical question. There are other coding
languages out there and maybe many will in the long run pick up fame, yet until further notice G–
code is by a long shot the most critical.2
Then 3D printing is one of the best options for manufacturing due to one reason compared of using

The Production Of Additive Manufacturing
As the acceptance and use of Additive manufacturing methods increases, so does the demand to
increase the geometric accuracy of products. The additive manufacturing process produces products
of fair geometric quality but is nowhere near as geometrically accurate as its counterpart, subtractive
manufacturing. Here I review the processes of additive manufacturing that cause a decrease in
geometric accuracy. As processes that cause geometric inaccuracy are highlighted; the additive
manufacturing process comes closer to producing products capable of maintaining a high level of
geometric accuracy.
1.Intro
Additive manufacturing (AM) methods in product development and manufacturing are projected to
grow over 300% within the next 10 years ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scan software estimates the relative size of the object, then produces a virtual model, adding
error to the product. This error causes an overestimation of the original object 's size, resulting in an
oversized model (Pinto). Errors leading to oversized models must be kept to a minimum, especially
for models destined for the medical field. Some models are made to replicate the body structure of
patients in order to provide surgeons with a model to simulate the surgery beforehand (Petzold).
These models include the structure of critical veins and areas that must be avoided to prevent
complications during surgery (Petzold). It is critical that the model accurately represents the position
of such critical points so during pre–surgery simulation/planning surgeons can construct a feasible
method to avoid these areas. To increase model accuracy, accurately represent critical features and
minimize the amount of overestimation scans of objects should be taken using the maximum amount
of reference points the software and scanner allow (Pinto). The second method of attaining a .stl file
does not involve estimations allowing the model to maintain the desired geometry. The model is
made directly in a CAD program then uploaded directly to the slicing software. This software slices
the design into the many layers that

How Technology Has Changed The World And How Things Are Done
3–D printing is an emerging technology, that if properly done, has the potential to change the world
and how things are done. Although there have been many advancements over the years, with further
research and development this technology can become less expensive, easier to make, and bring us
things like household products and printed pizza. The Oxford dictionary defines 3–D printing as "a
process for making a physical object from a three–dimensional digital model, typically by laying
down many successive thin layers of a material" (Definition of 3D printing in English).
3–D printing has existed for decades and has morphed from a simplistic technology into a complex
one. It all started in 1984, when Charles Hull came up with the idea of a 3–D printer. The online
book Where are you from? states that, "It first started with The Charles Hull's invention of stereo
lithography, which gave engineers and designers the ability to create 3–D models of their designs by
printing them". The printers use lasers and materials like plastics and polymers, that scan back and
forth making objects that were previously designed on a computer and then uploaded onto the
printer.
Now deciding what type of 3–D printer to buy can be the hardest thing. In certain cases, 3D printers
are better bought either fully–assembled or self–assembled. A lot of places go ahead and buy a
printer that is fully assembled and that can work as soon as they take it out of the box. Although
some people feel that

Current And Projected Healthcare Applications Of 3d...
Introduction
Three–dimensional (3D) printing, also known as rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing
(AM), is a transformational technology that is anticipated to revolutionize the healthcare industry.
Current and projected healthcare applications of 3D printing include: customized prosthetics;
personalized surgical implants; drug delivery, pre–operative and educational anatomical models; and
tissue and organ engineering. The implications of 3D printing are expected to be considerable and
include benefits such as: improved efficiency and reduced costs; personalized medicine; and
increased collaboration . The implementation of this technology does not come without significant
challenges, however. The healthcare industry is one of the most regulated in the Unites States, hype
can contribute to idealized expectations, biocompatible materials must be identified, and intellectual
property may be difficult to protect as a result of 3D printing. This article reviews current advances
in 3D printing and the current and projected healthcare applications that will improve quality and
decrease costs.
Healthcare in the United States
According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, healthcare spending in the United
State grew 3.6 percent in 2013, totaling $2.9 trillion; and accounting for 17.4 percent of the nation's
Gross Domestic Product . In an effort to combat rising costs, broaden access to healthcare, and
improve the quality of care, several laws and

Heat Source Model: Advantages And Disadvantages Of...
Abstract. Additive layer manufacturing regarded as the driver of a "third industrial revolution" can
give the industry and science significant benefits over existing manufacturing techniques. Yet it has
some disadvantages, with one of them being a wide variation of mechanical properties of additive
manufactured parts. The mechanical behavior of produced components is known to be profoundly
affected by a microstructure, which, in turn, depends on the material and process parameters. In this
paper, a two–dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate the grain structure evolution
during laser additive manufacturing. The cellular automata method is applied to describe the grain
growth. The Goldak's heat source model is used to define the heat input during laser melting.
Selective laser melting process, which involves sequential deposition and melting of powder layers,
is considered. First layer is deposited on a polycrystalline substrate. The laser beam moves
perpendicular to the area under consideration. The paper discusses the influence of the heat source
parameters on the grain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A wide range of application domains, including medicine, aerospace, defense, and automotive
industries, have benefited [1–3]. The term "ALM" relates to several different types of additive
manufacturing, which can be categorized in different ways [2]. Among them are such types as
extrusion (fused deposition modeling), wire (electron beam freeform fabrication), powder bed
(selective laser melting) types and so on. The ALM technique studied in this work is selective laser
melting (SLM) where metal powders are selectively melted by a focused laser beam in layer–by–
layer

3d System and 3d Printing
. 3D Systems Case Analysis 2012 3D Systems and Cube® As a radical innovation, 3D printing has
been introduced to market over 30 years since 1980s. This technology revolution doesn't only
change the process of molding; it also adapts its industry to go green by reducing wasting materials.
In the contrast, object is produced by traditional technology (subtractive process) generates surplus
cut material. In the early period of development, it was applied in hobbyist uses and industry uses
such as design visualization, prototyping, architecture, education, and healthcare. In 2000s, along
with mass launches of portable 3D printers from several companies, 3D printer has stepped on
consumer product market; also, printed objects have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company will constantly improve the printer itself as seen in the company annual report under
research and development expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 58.1%, to $15.4 million in the first
nine months of 2012 from $9.7 million in the first nine months of 2011 3D Systems Development
Culture Cube® and its complementary product The selling point of the Cube® 3D printer is not only
the machine itself but the company also offer a cloud service community–Cubify.com.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Cubify turns mobile device, PC or
tablet into a powerful mobile digital canvas to unleash creativity and bring ideas to life in 3D. On
Cubify.com, user can find coloring book, cloud gaming and share creativity in 3D experience. The
site also offers intuitive 3D Apps, rich 3D printable content libraries of games, puzzles, and any
other collections for creation, purchase, share, or even sell for money. Additionally, the website also
provides online printing service and has the printed object ship it right to customer later by air mail.
Therefore, this service has driven the company to hold competitive advantage over competitors.
People are increasing the awareness of cloud service where everything can be done over the air. The
company can create the value of its product by offering a place where community begins which
increasing in customer lock–in strategy and generate more

The Fundamental Concept Of Additive Manufacturing Essay
3. What is 3D printing?
3 D printing also known as additive manufacturing or stereolithography or rapid prototyping has
been predominantly explored for the past few years. 3D printing technology is called additive
manufacturing because the material is built from scratch, without any loss in existing volume of an
object by chipping, drilling or cutting. (Tony Hoffman, 2016). The fundamental concept of additive
manufacturing is printing an object by successive deposition of layers of various materials. Before
an object can be 3D printed, it first has to be sliced into thousands of horizontal and vertical planes
in Computer Aided Design (CAD). There are similar software like CAD which are used for the
purpose of 'Slicing '. Some of these software are CAM– Computer Aided Manufacturing and 3D
Scanner. These horizontal and vertical planes together make up the 3D model of the object. Once a
virtual design of the object is prepared, also called as 'the feed', a file in the '.stl' format is provided
to the printer which then prints the desired object. Though the basic outcome of 3D printing is same,
different technologies have been developed as per its need in the industry. Based on personal
requirements, an object can be customized on small as well as large–scale.
As 3D printing continues to grow and evolve, a number of companies are establishing their mark in
this area. 3D printing not only involves the printing of an object, but it is a step by step process
ultimately

3d Printing And The 3d Printer's New Found Popularity...
In 1986 Charles Hull invented the 3D printer (Lewis). Hull's 3D printer has come a long way since
then, and in all those years 3D printing has finally shifted its way into the public eye. This bout of
fame and recognition for printers though is both a blessing as well as a curse. 3D printers are finally
being given the attention and appreciation they deserve; even President Obama saw their potential
when he gave a $30 million dollar grant to the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute
in Ohio (Lewis). Unfortunately, the 3D printer's new found popularity comes with a price. Like any
budding young star the 3D printer is under constant scrutiny and has lost some of the freedom it
once had, freedoms like exemption from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once one creative medium is given free reign from intellectual property laws, what excuse is there
not to make exceptions for all other creative mediums as well? Why should books, photographs,
sculptures, digital artwork, etc. all not be liberated from intellectual property laws as well? Another
fear, held by both companies and consumers alike, is the possibility of counterfeit products.
Individuals would have the power and opportunity to print and sell different products to buyers who
believe they are purchasing and paying for the original and genuine product. Those who oppose
leaving 3D printers unrestricted also anticipate that it could lead to intellectual property laws being
eradicated completely, as the government loses complete control over 3D printing all together.
The current difference between all other creative mediums and 3D printers at this time is that all the
others are well established and known by the public throughout the world. 3D printing is still so
young, it was only in the 1980's that engineers began to use 3D printers in their work (Barnett).
Most of the general public have only now begun to learn about the existence and understand what a
3D printer is. Due to the fact that 3D printing is such a new and up and coming technology, it still
has a very long way to go development wise. 3D printers are far from being perfect. In order for 3D
printing to continue to expand though it needs to be nourished by both creativity and freedom.

3d Printing And Its Effect On The Entire Supply Chain Forever
Introduction
3D printing is a new technology that could potentially change the entire supply chain forever. It is
rapidly evolving and gaining a place in many companies. According to a survey performed by the
Business Insider as seen in figure 1, 60 percent of firms are either actively using or are evaluating
the potential of using 3D printing (Wile). There are an infinite number of uses for 3D printing that
come along with advantages and disadvantages.
The 3D Printing Process
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is the process of successively layering material
to form a 3D object ("What is 3D"). This process begins with the formation of an idea. This object
can be anything from a hand, to a vehicle component. Using computer aided design (CAD), the user
can transform an idea into a computerized 3D model. However, if the item already exists, the
operator can use a 3D scanner to make a digital copy of the object and shorten the process ("What is
3D"). After the user has the digital 3D model, the computer horizontally divides the virtual object
into hundreds or thousands of "slices," as seen in figure 2. The printer then starts producing the
object, layer by layer. The printer head moves side–to–side and up and down as it deposits layers of
material ("How 3D Printing"). As each successive layer is printed, they are blended so that the
human eye can hardly see the individual layers, if at all ("What is 3D"). The mixing process is
crucial for the visual and

Exploring 3d Printing
1) TOPIC a) 3D Printing 2) GROUP A MEMBERS b) Colette Davis: Team Lead c) Ryan Cornell:
Assistant Team Lead/ Research & Writing d) Tess Bayne: Research & Writing e)
Kimberly Brooks: Research & Writing f) Lindsay Clark: Research & Writing 3) THESIS
STATEMENT g) 3D printing could potentially change the world as we know it. Through further
research and development, this technology has the potential to save lives through medical uses,
equip military members with necessary tools, reduce manufacturing costs, and help the
environment. 4) INTRODUCTION h) Today, 3D printers have evolved to make a variety of objects
using a laser or extruder (the material output ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is also a cultural context associated, as well as media influence. This context and media
influence is primarily geared towards the military use of 3D printing, potentially in a warzone.
Section two will cover those implications and how they relate to the medical community in creating
surgical tools and organs for those requiring transplants, as well as the cultural context and media
influence towards the military application of this technology. k) "Socio–technical invention" is what
Ratto & Ree, professors at the University of Toronto, have labeled 3D printing technology. This
new technology will bring about new cultural expressions as well as a new form of community
exchange. Human beings have a physical and psychological need to keep one foot in the real world.
In today's age of digital dematerialization, 3D printing technologies remind us of that need. It has
become clear that technological developments have pushed out human society into a state where
technology has become interwoven into our daily lives. 3D printing technologies also have the
potential to change the political order. It is accepted that technologies have political elements and
3D printing may underline the relationship between technology and economic and political order.
Capitalist order was mainly built upon machines. So could the generalization of this type of machine
cause changes in consumption

A Report On Additive Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing(AM) is a manufacturing technology that creates objects rapidly with the
help of Computer Aided Design (CAD) files. Different from traditional manufacturing method,
additive manufactured models are usually stacked out by a serial of planer slices which are produced
by processing wanted CAD designs with mathematical code.
Stereolithography, commonly known as SLA, is one of the most applied forms of AM technology.
Stereolithography researches were first appeared in 1970s, then in 1986 Chuck Hull patterned a
technique capable of stacking planer cross–sectional geometries, in the direction of bottom to top,
into a complete physical model. The unique material in Hull's pattern was ultraviolet sensitive
photopolymer. This technology was named and coined as the term "Stereolithography". In the same
year, Hull also founded 3D system Inc., currently known as the first and biggest 3D printing
enterprise.
After decades of development, stereolithography now can be described as an Additive
Manufacturing process that hardening or curing photopolymer resin layer by layer into actual
objects. The light source, usually using ultraviolet light, provides essential energy for stimulating
and maintaining photo–polymerization reaction in which smaller molecules bond and form cross–
linking polymer molecular chains. The energy source of photo–polymerization reaction can be a
laser beam or mask projection patterns. The laser beam moving trajectories or mask projection

Crystal Structures And Additive Manufacturing Report
Crystal Structures and Additive Manufacturing Report
Introduction
Crystal structures refers to the certain ordered pattern of stacking atoms, and it can repeat and stack
to form the material (Wikipedia, Crystal structure). We are studying how atoms are arranged within
a unit cell. It is crucial that different crystal structure can determine the properties of materials. By
analyzing the crystal structure, we can create the materials with certain properties. The additive
manufacturing, also called 3–D printing, means that we can 'print' parts or actual structure just by
repeating and stacking small piece of material layer by layer to create the material we want
(3dprinting.com, what is 3d printing). We studied this to know how to create crystal structure in .stl
file and how 3D printer creates 3D models. This is important because 3D printing can create actual
structure instead of assembling parts, which is more convenient than the old ways.
Crystal Structures
The atomic difference between amorphous glass and conventional metal is the length of the range
order. The conventional metal has long range order of unit cell, whereas the amorphous glass do not.
Therefore, metals have certain melting point, but amorphous do not have. The short range order
means that the unit cells forms short periodic arrays, so amorphous are short range order. In contrast,
the long range order contains long arrays, and it always forms larger grains (Rempel, "Relation
between"). Therefore, long range

3d Bone Printing And Its Effects On The Practice Of Medicine
3D bone printing is a powerful technology with the potential to significantly change the practice of
medicine. The 3D printing of bones can help humanity by reducing the amount of time people wait
for transplants of bones. 3D bone printing can play a major role in surgery have a major effect in
advancing the medical field. 3D printed bones have been experimented in animals in the past using
the animal's own bone as a material to print bones. The printed bones have not experimented on
humans because the body rejects the bones if it is not made of live material. The 3D bone printing
device is at because it uses a material called hydroxyapatite and customizes bones in desired sizes.
The material hydroxyapatite is a material that is present in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The kidney printed for the transplant was not able to be used as it was not a live organ and it couldn
't function as a human kidney would. Researchers by their nature are eager to embrace new
technology the medical 3D printing industry has evolved in the past years. Today the researchers are
trying to 3D print bones that can be transplanted in replacement of an injured bone."As of now, the
only patient to benefit from the new printer is a rat"(Abram). The 3D printed bones have not
experimented on humans yet. So far the 3D printer has been used to print bones that can be
implanted into rats. The material used to print this bone was the rat bone itself. The 3D printing
technology has advanced in the field of medical science by improving health care.
The design of a 3D printer is a challenge as it involves many interacting subsystems from different
areas. 3D printers involve mechanical parts that are controlled by embedded controllers and are
driven by power electronics. The motors in 3D printers are used to provide motion within 3 axes,
that is the x, y, and z. Sensors are used for end stops, which are used as interlock safety devices for
the x, y, and z–axis to maintain the motion within the distance allowed. The printer also involves a
3D scanner that is used to scan the injured bone of the individual. The printer replicates the 3D
picture that is scanned through

3d Printing 2013-2025: Technologies, Markets, Players
MarketResearchMoz added Reports on 3D Printing Markets
(http://www.marketresearchmoz.com/sample/search?searchTxt=3D+Printing&x=31&y=9) to its
vast database.
This report provides a roadmap for 3D printing technology (www.marketresearchmoz.com/market–
research/3d–printing–markets–ho ..) that will be invaluable to product managers of all kinds and its
scope extends to all serious applications and end user sectors that have been proposed for 3D
printing to date.This report pinpoints where the real opportunities will be found in the emerging 3D
printing sector. Readers of the report will find an application–by–application assessment of the
opportunities for 3D printing including comprehensive and granular ten–year forecasts of hardware,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Browse Complete Report With TOC@ http://www.marketresearchmoz.com/market–research/3d–
printing–markets–hope–hype–174518
###
3D Printing in Medical Applications Market (Medical Implants (Dental, Orthopedic, Cranio–
maxillofacial), Surgical Guides, Surgical Instruments, Bio–engineered Products) – Global Industry
Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 – 2019(
http://www.marketresearchmoz.com/market–research/3d–printing–market–global–industry–172430)
This report includes an estimation of the global market for applications of 3D printing in the
healthcare segment in terms of value (USD million) for the period 2013–2019, considering 2012 as
the base year. In addition, current market trends and recent developments are taken into
consideration while determining the growth rate of the global 3D printing medical applications
market.
The overall 3D printing market for medical applications has been categorized on the basis of its
applications, raw materials, and technology. The applications market has been focused only on the
medical applications of 3D printing and further segmentation has been provided which includes
implants, surgical guides, surgical instruments and bioengineered products. The 3D printing
technology market includes those technologies which are used extensively in medical applications
for manufacturing bio–models. These technologies comprises of laser beam melting, electron beam
melting,

3d Printing In Archaeology
Will 3D printing revolutionize our understanding of archaeology? 3D printing is a captivating
advancement of technology that has profuse uses. Different from all the previous manufacturing
methods, 3D printing generates a product in an additive mode to form an intricate three dimensional
object, and therefore has the ability to produce the most complicated irregular object. This unique
characteristic deems it highly impactful for archaeology, where the structures of historical human
forms and the tools they used are often very complicated and unique, and there are currently no
simple means to reproduce and study them. Clearly, 3D printing and scanning has many useful
benefits to archaeology, and there is definitely room for improvement. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, plastic is the main material in most printers, and this material biodegrades
EXTREMELY slowly: 450 to 1,000 years! This would create a serious environmental problem if
objects were discarded and thrown into landfills, especially because technology is bound to become
cheaper, and this will lead to more people owning personal 3D printers. Another worrying aspect is
the fact that guns and other weapons can be 3D printed with ease, though it would take quite a long
time. Already some people own their own 3D printer, and the numbers are sure to rise in the
following decades. It will be quite difficult to keep tabs on the printers, causing a dangerous issue.
Of course, if the trouble increases, it is always possible for the government to set a law stating that
only individuals with a license can own 3D printers. The difficulties don't end there, though.
Consider this dilemma. If every single human in the world owned a personal 3D printer and scanner,
what would happen to businesses? If there was a product someone took interest in, they could
simply print it at home without spending any money! In archaeology, complications arise as well. In
order to print larger artifacts, you need a substantially larger 3D printer. If you were to replicate a
house, a relatively sizable printer would be required, along with a large stock of plastic and a printer
larger than a house. This also means that the cost of

D Printing : An Additive Manufacturing Process
3–D printing is an additive manufacturing process that is used to produce 3 Dimensional models. 3–
D printing can be used for industrial purposes and personal use. Generally 3–D printing can be used
to produce medical parts such as organs, miniature models such as design of houses or building,
electronics such as camera, textile industries such as clothes, automotive and metal industries. 3–D
printing gives you the ease of fast prototyping at lower costs.
America is one of the largest manufacturing outsourcing countries for India. India takes advantage
of its cheap skilled labor, good foreign investment policies and ease to transport manufactured
products to the USA. In this report we will focus on outsourcing of 3–D printed automotive ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This graph depicts the comparison between traditional manufacturing process and 3–D
manufacturing. For a firm to test a new product in the market or for testing a new prototype they
have a high cost to manufacture small units or may have a stock pile if they decide to manufacture at
lower cost. 3–D printing can help reach their goal without higher cost or stock pile up.
Let's look at some statistics/reports from different market research firms for 3–D printing growth in
the United States:
PwC
Pricewaterhouse cooper surveyed 100 industries based on the extent of 3–D technologies they use.
They claimed based in this data that 2 out of every 3 companies have already started using 3–D
technology. They showed that about 29 % of companies are still experimenting with this technology,
25% use it for just prototyping, 9.6 % use it for both prototyping and production. Survey shows that
there is a positive reception of 3–D technology.
Canalys a market research firm depicts that the market for 3–D printed materials will increase from
2.5 billion dollars in 2013 to 16.2 billion dollars in 2018.
Smartech report on adoption of 3–D printed objects in automotive industry is presented below: The
graph depicts that the use of 3–D manufacturing in automotive industry and that it will increase
from 482.8

Digital Printers Vs. Laser Printers
IBIS forecasts the U.S market for 3D printer manufacturing in the U.S that will reach $1.4 billion in
2014 thus attaining an annual growth rate of 22.8% from 2009 to 2014. The prediction by IDC
predicts that worldwide 3D printer unit sales and installed base which will grow at a combined
compound annual growth rate of 59% through 2017 with the value of shipments attaining a 27%
CAGR in the forecast period.
Fig 4. (image. www. IDC)
3D printers compare market units, the value of shipments and installed base. IDC has predicted the
Average Selling Value, which will drop at a 19% CAGR through 2017.
3D and the Bio–Printing Systems
Bio–printing systems can be based on the inkjets or lasers. Theses print heads are useful in
depositing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Personalized drug dosing increases the efficacy and decreasing the risks of such adverse reactions.
Traditional manufacturing processes are not suitable for making personalised medicines, and they
tend to restrict the creation of dosage forms of complex geometries and drug profiles. These drugs
are beneficial to the patients since pharmacists analyze patient 's profile such as race, gender and age
to determine medication.
Medical practitioners use 3D printers in the production of medical printers. Such 3D printing
successes involves the creation of plastic limb prosthetics and the replacement of hips and bones. A
Recent study reports that 3D printing shows the shift of the medical manufacturing sector due to the
low cost and small sized printers that promises to enhance technology accessibility thus allowing
researchers and doctors to create personalized devices for their patients. For example a patient who
has developed an infection of experienced pain from non–customized prosthetic can use imaging
technology that shows the shape and movements of various parts of the human body.
The report by director of the Global Dental, Stratasys, looks at the business and economic benefits
of 3D printing and additive manufacturing across the health sectors (Khalyfa 909). His report
addressed the vertical applications for 3D printing and focusing on the scales ad values of
technology adoption and possible future opportunities for revenue and the

3d Printing Is Changing The World
3D printing is changing the world we live in today. Business Insider calls 3D printing "The Next
Industrial Revolution" (Rega). Imagine having the capability of producing any product you want at
your fingertips within minutes; it is now possible because of 3D printing. Simply put, 3D printing is
the process of creating real objects by "printing" chosen substances layer by layer until the desired
product is made, therefore 3D printing is sometimes referred to as additive manufacturing. There are
endless possibilities with 3D printing from the medical field, to manufacturing, automobiles, to
airplanes, and also personal use. 3D printed objects are going to be an integrated part of everyday
life. Contrary to what you may think, 3D printing is not new. Its roots stem from inkjet printer
concepts. However, instead of printing with ink, it prints with material. The concept of 3D printing
has been around for about 30 years. It inventor Chuck Hull discovered it in 1983. One day, Hull
became frustrated at how long it would take for small plastic parts that he needed for his job to be
manufactured and decided to fix this problem. At the time he was working for a business that made
plastic veneers for tables and other furniture items. They would put this liquid like substance on
objects and then dry it using Ultra Violet (UV) light. Hull got the great idea to take this liquid
substance and the UV light and create 3D images by layering the liquid. Originally he called this

Innovation Represented By My Artifact: 3D Printing
The innovation represented by my artifact is additive manufacturing, more commonly known as 3D
printing. 3D printing is the process of turning digital designs into 3D objects in real life. This is done
by slicing the digital design into layers and recreating those layers with molten filaments. Filaments
come in different variety and size. Some including ABS plastic, metal alloys, skin tissues. 3D
printing was created in 1983 by Chuck Hull. Hull patented his technology as stereolithography. The
technology was patented, so at the time 3D printing was a innovation few know and use.In the year
3D printers can be categorized in two sections, consumer printers and industrial printers. Consumer
printers are mostly desktop size, customized for personal uses. Industrial printers are customized for
factorial use. They can print larger designs along with a broader range of filaments than consumer
printers.
I used Canva, a graphic designing app, to create my artifact. Before creating my ... Show more
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3d printing takes time, the more material required to create something, the more time it takes up.
Designers use as less material as possible in their designs to decrease the wait time, unintentionally
reducing producing waste too. structures reduce waste up to 80%. In manufacturing industries, 3D
printed parts are estimated to save waste by 30%. 3D printing can also help conserve the
environment. One major example of this is the coral reefs. Coral reefs are an important part of the
marine ecosystems but they are in decline due to climate change and ocean acidification. Corals can
be replicated with 3D printing. In 2014, the world's first 3D printed coral reef was sunk. The reef
was printed with sandstone to resemble actual reefs. It has a low carbon footprint and does not
produce greenhouse gases until concrete. These artificial reefs not only can provide marine lifes
with a home but also prevent coastal

Mr. Stephen Abram: The Invention Of 3D Printing
Mr. Stephen Abram, a makerspace expert, emphasizes "Play and exploration can be underrated and
underdeveloped in learning strategies that focus on testing, skill, installation, and critical thinking.
Sometimes, imagination and creativity are left to chance or are lower priorities. This is a shame
given that so much real employment opportunity is in the creative world. Makerspaces in the library
can partially address this issue" (Abram 19). Abram tries to persuade people that creativity and
imagination are essential and cannot be left behind or ignored. Now 3D printing allows people to
explore and create things from their imagination into real life that were thought to be impossible to
do. 3D printing gives people the key to a whole new dimension ... Show more content on
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In MakerBot's Thingiverse, a design community for discovering, making, and sharing 3D printable
designs of shoes, jewelry, models of building, tools, and other many goods are made (MakerBot's
Thingiverse). Three dimensional printers have made a significant impact in prosthetics. Many know
that prosthetics are expensive and hard to come around. Many children in America and around the
world with limb reductions can't afford to have prosthetics. Most prosthetics would cost thousands
of dollars, and with children growing every two or three months, parents aren't able to buy one every
three months. Most children would just wait until they grow up in order buy a prosthetic. If a
prosthetic is damaged and needs to be repaired, or a child is in need to get a new one, it will take the
manufacturer's months to have it ready and delivered. Jen Owen, a volunteer at E–nable, a volunteer
based organization, says, "Using 3D Printing To Give The World A Helping Hand" (Owen). This
organization helps, and gives robotic hand to children all around the world to children in need. Now
with the power of 3D printers, makes prosthetics more affordable and faster for children to receive.
For instance families of low income can now benefit from the printers, and children across the world
will too. Dr. Jorge Zuniga an assistant professor and innovator at Creighton University. He
developed the prosthetic hand for children named the

Amazon and 3d Printing
3d printing is no longer a theory or a concept. It has been available to industrial manufactures for the
last few year but now as technology is advancing at its usual frightening pace the first home
consumer printers are becoming available and like the original printers they are rapidly moving on
from their slow, expensive and cumbersome beginnings . The Makerbot replicator 2 is an example
of a 3d printer available to the consumer retailing for approx $2000. 3d printing relies on additive
manufacturing which allows objects to be built layer by layer only using the exact amount of
material needed reducing waste and of course allowing for more complicated designs to be printed
in full form. Users can design a 3d model in computer software ... Show more content on
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Not until iTunes years later was there a platform to purchase Mp3s and digital media and the
industry could start to use this technology to improve customers experience and revenue streams
instead of fighting it. Amazon has proven itself to be at the forefront of adapting to technology
changes with the kindle book store offering a platform for downloading digital books and this meant
book piracy never reached the rampant levels of music piracy. As Amazon has an extraordinary
large consumer base it is in a unique position to offset potential physical 3d piracy by offering a
platform for customers to download 3d print files and products. It is important for the company to be
quick and decisive in changing its business model to adapt to this technology as like the music
industry proved, if ignored too long consumers will be ready, willing and capable of pirating
physical products. Only this time it is not only one music industry that is affected but dozens of
physical and manufacturing industries such as toys, accessories, jewellery , furniture and many
more. If this were to happen Amazon would lose out massively as a reseller of these products along
with the manufactures themselves . User creation and consumer centric products 3d printing has the
potential to rewrite business practises throughout the world. Mass production factories may no
longer be required and economies of scale changed forever . One talented designer could

Disadvantages Of 3d Printers
Amazing machines
3–D print technology has significantly altered over the years. With the help of Computer–Aided
Designs, millions of items can be created via printing them 3–Dimensionally. Whatever you can
imagine, you can make! These magnificent machines have become more affordable and extremely
useful, making them a revolutionary tool in the arts of Medicine, Science, and Engineering. From
prosthetics to everyday items (plates, mugs, etc.) these machines can make them all easily and
affordable; but nevertheless, can a machine like this have no drawbacks or complications?
With such high demands, the 3D printer market is expected still to grow "as high as 17.2 billion
dollars by 2020". Though costs have dropped and are expected to keep decreasing. The first ... Show
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With this taking place, their factories become more eco–friendly by not wasting their materials and
ceasing the waste products of them, while saving time and money. But not only that, some even
create full–scale cars using 3d printers.
AS well as sustaining the ability to produce prosthetic limbs, 3d printing is also extremely useful for
creating artificial organs for needy patients in hospitals. But not only organs, but skin, bone,
cartilage, blood vessels, surgical tools as well as even hearts and stem cells can just as well be made
by these magnificent machines.
As 3d printing is "additive manufacturing", consequently, it's products are printed from the ground
up. So therefore there's no waste of materials as opposed to other forms of production. Another buff
of having a 3d printer at–hand would be using it to design and construct spare parts for everyday
items. Say, your favorite coffee mug's handle breaks; with the right measurements, you can have a
replacement part designed and printed accordingly, in no time instead of buying yourself a whole
new

Benefits Of Agriculture In Agriculture
"APPLICATION OF IOT TO IMPROVE AGRICULTURE OUTPUT AND REDUCE OVERHEAD
COST.
Firstly what is IOT?
The Internet of things (IOT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to
transfer data over a network without requiring human–to–human or human–to–computer interaction.
E– Agriculture focused on the enhancement of Agriculture and development through improved
information and communication processes. More specifically, e–agriculture involves the
conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways to use
information and communication technologies (it) in the rural domain, with a primary focus on
agriculture is a relatively new term and we fully expects its scope to change and evolve as our
understanding of the area grows. Indian agriculture contributes to 18.6 per cent Indians derive living
hood from the agriculture sector. Private sector initiatives like contracts farming having
commercialized the Indian agricultural sector. To enable Community members to exchange
opinions, experiences, goods practices and resources related to e–Agriculture, and to ensure that the
knowledge created is effectively shared and used world wild. But there is some advantages and
drawback which reside in every technology. This paper gives some gloms what the technologies
give and take in area of Agriculture. Office automation in E

What Properties Are Used Plastic 3 D Filament?
The thousands upon thousands of amorphous thermoplastics in existence provide many options as to
what properties a printed object can have. Both ABS and PLA are commonly used plastic 3–D
filament, but they are used for very different reasons. ABS has a higher melting temperature and
printing temperature than PLA probably due to the extra entanglement cause by the branching
chains in ABS. Without a properly heated printing bed, this could cause warping and shrinkage of
the ABS object when lower layers cool too fast. Those lower layers will shrink due to cooling while
layers are still being added. As higher up layers cool, they too will shrink and cause the lower layers
to morph even more than they have. Though this makes working with ABS the slightest bit hard, the
final product has many benefits. The object produced is fairly strong due to its "superior layer
bond." When the object does not have a large temperature as it is being printing, the layers develop a
strong adhesion to each other. The object is more resistant to impact and heat. ABS is the ideal
polymer to make things such as toys, automotive parts, and electronic housing. The strength and
durability of the material will help keep the toy together as a toddler throws it about. The heat
resistance can tame heat possibly produced by electronics it stores. ABS can also be more flexible
based on the composition of its monomers. PLA has decent strength and durability without the
flexibility and heat resistance ABS has.

Application Of The Additive Manufacturing
INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing has been developing since 19841. Charles hull invented
it. In additive manufacturing 3 dimensional products are built by staking materials layer by layer. It
is also known as 3D printing. The scope of technology is sky rocketed with the intervention of the
fourth–dimension time, which is 4D printing technology. The interesting feature of 4D printing is it
can transform from 1D to 3D shape, 1D surface to 3D shape, or can morph from 3D form to another
form. In other words, the products can change and adapt to the external stimuli. This is a recent
advancement in technology additive manufacturing combined concepts of shape memory materials
and biomimetic composite In a TED conference Sky Tibbits head of MIT self–assembly lab, he
presented, how 4D printed object will perform self–assemblies over time period. He demonstrated
this process by using 3D printed multi–layer material. The multi–layer material was strands of
standard plastics which has property of absorbing water. The material will expand and folded into
particular design after absorbing water.
Recent development and researches in 4D printing Another demonstration of 4D printing conducted
on long beach, CA, prefabricated modules placed in rotating chamber. The modules have a magnet
at end. The magnet will activate only when the chamber attains particular temperature. At specified
temperature, the magnets will attract each other and

3d Printing And Its Effects On The Economy
According to techrepublic.com, the popularity of 3D printing is expected to grow up to 75 percent
within the next year which will create a huge rise in popularity of the new technology. Because of
this, a new market of 3D printing will begin to grow and emerge very rapidly due to curiosity which
makes this new technology a huge effecting factor on the economy. 3D printing is the process of
additive manufacturing which creates objects by using a nozzle with a ABS plastic filament, melting
the plastic, and layering the plastic in the appropriate locations in order to create an object. Though
it is a relatively simple process, it takes a lot of calibration and fine tuning and the end result can be
breathtaking. Because of the rapid growth and popularity of this new technology, many different
people, commercial manufactures to household families, are curious to get their hands on a 3D
printer. Since the technology is bound to change the way people and businesses handle daily tasks,
3D printing may have some negative economic effects such as hurting international trade with other
countries and harmful health effects due to the chemicals used in the printing process. Though these
are harmful to the economy, there are even more positive effects such as helping provide clean water
for 3rd world countries, producing customized products for less money, and creating extra
educational aids for impaired students. Because this technology is so new and still evolving,
especially in public

The Technology Of 3d Printing
Three–dimensional (3D) printing is an exciting feat of modern human innovation emerging at the
dawn of a new industrial uprising, however as we all know, with all beneficial revolutions come
vindictive consequence. 3D printable firearms are a stain in a revolution that could potentially
change the world as we know it. These weapons are a reality and they are under much scrutiny in
the engineering and technological world with major implications on public safety and loopholes in
federal regulations. The emerging technology of 3D printing has been under development for many
years now and the potential is highly underestimated. The latent violence that 3D printed weapons –
or more specifically – guns could impose on society is frankly frightening. The controversy is
generated from two different sides: one side takes the stance that these guns will be used as
undetectable firearms for crime and could give anyone with a printer access to a lethal weapon; the
other side believes that just as an individual could go to a hardware store and buy tools to enact
violence in some form, a 3D printed firearm is no different. Part II will present the cutting edge
technology of 3D printing, the uprising and how it has evolved. Part III introduces good and bad the
3D printing technology carries, and the reality of 3D printed firearms and their evolution. Part IV
analyses the implications that 3D printed firearms have on current and future regulations and society
as well as plausible solutions

Ict And Its Impact On The Society
Innovation in ICT and its impact on the society has been astounding. It is considered to be "crucial
for economic activity" (Jorgenson and Vu, 2007) as it not only "increases productivity and boost
economic growth," (Jorgenson et al, 2008) but "generates complementary innovations that improve
economies ' total factor productivity." (Ceccobelli et al, 2012)
3D printing is where a "three–dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of
material that adhere to one another, creating a three–dimensional output." (Kurt and Colegrove,
2012) It has the ability to "turn digital files created on a CAD or CAM program into physical
objects." (Hoffman, 2015) MakerBot Replicator is a typical example of a product that uses 3D
printing. (Figure 1)
The Replicator uses 1.75mm polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Various colors are available, meaning
that lots of flexibility is given as to the final look of the product that's printed.
As its software, MakerBot Desktop software is used. This allows individuals to "save files in a
personal Library that you've created, printed, or want to print; find new objects in the Thingiverse to
print; and access instructional and troubleshooting videos." (Hoffman, 2015) In other words, it's
software that enables you to manage and print objects.
Aside from the main software, individuals can also "print from a computer over a USB, Ethernet, or
Wi–Fi connection, as well as over Wi–Fi from an iOS or Android phone or tablet with the MakerBot

Three Dimentional Printing
3–D Printing
Albert Einstein once said: "Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new."
Mankind is the most advance being on planet earth, since the beginning of our time we have been
pushing the boundary of the impossible and redefining the very rule of reality itself. Things we use
to see in cartoons and images in science fiction books are now becoming reality, so real that some of
those futuristic technology are now part of our everyday lives, and this is only the beginning of the
technological revolution.
This century most unreal and controversial innovation is the 3–D printer; most people see 3
dimensional printing as way to make the world a better place. But like everything in the this world
where there is good there is also evil, and with this technology in hand some other people see an
opportunity to abuse the system and take advantage of the freedom to create whatever they can
possibly think of to make the world worst than it already is. So is it true that some things are best
left untampered...?
Looking back on 3–D printing, it is a relatively new technology. It's only 27 years ago this
technology was introduced to the world by the British engineer Charles Hull, the inventor of 3
dimensional printing. Ever since the invention of the technology, the progress and ingenuity that
have been made by scientists all over the world to make 3–D printing more affordable and more
portable. According to and article by T. Rowe Price, The first step made towards

3d Printing Of Medicine, Diapers, Known For Collapsing...
3D Printing in Medicine
Diapers, onesies, breastfeeding and the occasional stolen moments of sleep are a typical routine
you'd hear from a new family adjusting to life with a newborn. The only catch is your experience
isn't typical. Breathing monitors, in home nurses, cords hooked up to any free spot the baby has, and
doctors bills higher then you can even count fill and clutter your once peaceful abode. Three months
ago, your seemingly healthy baby boy was diagnosed with having the rare but almost always fatal
disease, known for collapsing airways and pulmonary arrest, Tracheobronchomalaciahen. you
receive the call, the call that will forever change your life; a medical team in Michigan teamed up
with the children's center in Ohio and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"3D Printer Definition."02 January 2014). "According to a medical research team at Harvard, the lab
of Dr. Jennifer Lewis has designed a custom 3d printer... to create a swatch of tissue cell containing
interwoven structural material that can potentially function as blood vessels" (Prof. Jennifer Lewis,
Sc.D. MIT). The ability to print tissue is a huge step for medicine due to the external and internal
structures containing tissue cells. Burn victims can now receive printed tissue cells instead of the
previous methods of having to surgically graft their skin. Although the previous method is highly
successful and leads to functioning skin cells after the healing process is over, "The grafts... ideally
come from locations that are not ordinarily visible, such as the buttocks or upper thighs, because the
donor sites will not be normal in appearance after they heal" (Skin Grafts for Burn Treatment. N.p.,
2016. Web. 10 Apr. 2017). The main benefit of 3D printed tissue is the freedom it allows for the
patient. No longer will the victim have to suffer from a traumatic experience as grueling as being
burned, and then have to decide where else on their bodies they are willing to disfigure(N.p., 2016.
Web. 10 Apr. 2017). 3D printed tissue is essential because it sets the patients up for success from the
beginning while not having to rely on finding a donor match or using

Upcomng Advances in 3D Printing
Introduction [271]
3D printing is a means of revolutionising almost any and all aspects of life. The potential to bringing
into the physical world anything that can be conceived in the mind (and created on a computer)
brings a myriad of variety ; expanding markets and capabilities, whether new or improving products
and processes that are already in practice. 3D printers are falling in price as the technology improves
and the want for them increases making the ability to create anything domestically more practical ,
this would allow for an influx of material that would be hard to control or monitor, this can include
guns, weapons and equipment for drugs manufacture along with the mundane domestic items like
faucets, plugs or pots. Such a possibility would involve the morals of the manufacturer and the
ethics of the wider collective that have an input on the advancements, though there are other
limitations that play a part in the progression of 3D printing that are independent of ethics. As the
technology and concept has the potential to create anything, it doesn't not yet have the capability to
do so therefore the anticipation of the possibilities is the only preparation the 3D printing industry
can do, as a result I shall conduct an investigation looking at the extent of ethical and moral
influences as well as physical and scientific limitations and how they could limit any potential
advancements, in accordance with the resulting benefits from some upcoming advancements in

Makerbot Extruder Case Study
Makerbot extruder
3D printing technologies are changing the way we produce objects. 3D printing is part of a process
known as an additive manufacturing, where an object is created by adding layer by layer. Additive
manufacturing allows designers create complex parts for machines.
Extruder is a part of the printer which draws and melts the filament. If the pressure and speed are
kept constant then the material flow is maintained uniform. The material should be in a semi–solid
state when it comes out from the nozzle and should be able to solidify and bond to the previously
extruded material to form the 3D object.
How does it work?
The first step in 3D printing is to create a blue print of the object. Makerbot replicator 2 have a spool
in the

Digital Printing And Its Effect On Building Houses
Your next house could be made out of concrete, by a 3D printer, in 20 hours. 3D printing, also
known as Additive Manufacturing, is revolutionizing the way we build houses. This topic is
extremely important, as it could save us time and money. While it could be expensive to build the
printers and research the idea, this new idea of this construction method is worth the preliminary
investment because 3D printing saves money on building materials, labor, and building 3D printed
homes releases half the pollution of a normal construction site. Currently, the commercially
available 3D printers we have are only able to print in plastic. Some custom printers are able to print
in concrete, such as the Concrete Printer by Andrey Rudenko, or the printers owned by the company
Win Sun, based in Shanghai. But no printer is capable of printing an entire house, so far the printers
are only able to print out the pieces. Each piece is assembled into the house at the construction site.
If we had a strong enough and large enough printer that could print entire houses, many
communities that suffer from homelessness problems could set up some kind of funding to be able
to provide housing for many people, and homelessness would no longer be a problem the United
States has to bear any longer. The 3D printers you can buy on the internet are around $500 for a
basic printer, to $4500 for a professional home printer. A printer of significant magnitude and size
able to print in concrete is estimated

Implementation Of Additive Manufacturing At The...
You pack everything that you think you need for deployment. You conduct your demand analysis
that leads you to believe that what you packed is just what you need. Every deployment you had
been on before confirms that those are the assets that will lead you to mission success. However, this
deployment is different and just about everything you brought is not required and to source it from
else where will take too long. In the near future the most viable solution will be to print it. As 3D
printing now formally known as Additive Manufacturing (AM) evolves, the possibility of have
everything you need at your fingertips will have a profound impact on your operational readiness.
Implementation of additive manufacturing at the Intermediate level (I Level) of a Marine Aviation
Logistics Squadron, will drastically reduce the acquisition and production lead–times associated
with low demand items, items that are impacted with obsolescence, and drastically reduce cost and
footprint of conventional logistic models. One advantage of AM is dramatically reducing acquisition
and production lead–time associated with low demand items. Currently, Defense Logistics Agency's
(DLA) demand forecasting is predicated on either previous demand history or flight hours which
will determine how much to buy and how much to stock. This formula is great for the high demand
and major end items as they are more predictable with continuous monitoring for any changes in
pattern. Utilizing this forecasting

Computer Printing And Its Effects On The World Essay
Introduction
In 1984, 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing was introduced to the world. A three–
dimensional (3D) printer works just as an inkjet printer, but instead of ink, certains type of material
would be deposited layer by layer until the anticipated object is constructed. A decade later, this
semi–new technology was used to make parts that could be printed overnight with minuscule
imperfections. Then, in the late nineties, 3D printing advanced to printing organs with the patient's
own cells so there would be less danger of the body rejecting the new part (Cite). This led to a
medical breakthrough, an event that would ensure extended life to its owner: a functional 3D printed
kidney. The 3D printed kidney was efficient in filtering blood and producing urine, thus encouraging
engineers to strive for more discoveries. By today's day and age engineers could not only
mechanical pieces, such as aircrafts, cars and such, but medically organic part as organs, blood
vessels and finally, prosthetics.
The production of printed prosthetics is aimed at the younger generation because of their ever–
changing bodies. According to Kids Health, "Kids tend to get taller at a pretty steady pace, growing
about 2.5 inches each year. When it comes to weight, kids gain about 4 to 7 lbs," (Gavin, 2015). The
production of these prosthesis will be at a low cost, accurate and made in a timely manner. These
staggering opportunities allow many individuals to have a semi normal or normal

Three Dimensional Printing Is An Additive Manufacturing...
THREE DIMENSIONAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Three Dimensional Printing or 3D Printing is an additive manufacturing process of creating a wide
variety of products covering diverse sectors of manufacturing. It is called an additive process
because of the fact that material is added in this process of manufacturing instead of machining it
out from a base substance.
The basic principle behind the working of a 3D Printer is to convert a digital file into a three–
dimensional model by adding material layer by layer to obtain the entire object. It is a sequential
process of depositing material in successive layers on the basis of the digital model prepared by
CAD Software.
But just preparing the 3D Model is not the end of the manufacturing process. To enhance the
existing properties of the object further and to attain some specific properties, the object needs to
undergo some other operations as sintering (in case of ceramics to obtain the required strength and
high temperature stability).
STEPS INVOLVED
1. 3D Model Design
The first step of this process is to design the model of the object of desire using Computer Aided
Design (CAD) Software. The model should be the exact replica of the object to be created by 3D
Printing. In the 3D Digital Model itself we need to slice the object into very thin layers of about
0.03–0.1mm thickness. These layers will serve as the guidelines for the printer to print the object.
2. Selection of Material
The next step will be to feed the

The Production Of Additive Manufacturing
As the acceptance and use of Additive manufacturing methods increases so does the demand to
increase the geometric accuracy of products. The additive manufacturing process produces products
of fair geometric quality but is nowhere near as geometrically accurate as its counter part,
subtractive manufacturing. Here I review the processes of additive manufacturing that cause a
decrease in geometric accuracy. As processes that cause geometric inaccuracy are highlighted; the
additive manufacturing process comes closer to producing product that maintain a high level of
geometric accuracy.
1.Intro
Additive manufacturing (AM) methods in product development and manufacturing is projected to
grow over 300% within the next 10 years (Columbus). The increase in AM methods is a result of
AM's ability to create products with complex internal and/or external geometry in a timely and cost
effective manner (Columbus). Members of the medical field rely on AM to create models for pre–
surgery planning as well as structures inserted into patients (Petzold).
Background
AM can create complex geometries; however the process struggles to maintain geometric accuracy
of products (Ameta). Geometrically inaccurate products manufactured for use in the medical field
may subject patients to unnecessary complications that could have been avoided if geometric
tolerances were kept. Here I review, research that studied the parameters of the AM process and the
role each parameter plays in maintaining or

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Laser Additive Manufacturing
Introduction. The revolution that has led to additive manufacturing technologies for different sectors
has produced a paradigm shift. Medicine, aeronautics, automotive, fashion ... most fields with
manufacturing processes have incorporated innovations such as the printing of 3D materials that
contribute a high added value and have great potential for the future. Additive manufacturing
provides a number of advantages that outweigh the benefits of the traditional industry.
The direct manufacture of complex geometries allows to simplify the number of steps of production
or to eliminate the need for tools, which allows to be able to produce of an economic way already
from the first unit. In addition, the time required is greatly reduced. If we ... Show more content on
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Especially for large volume the production speed in additive manufacturing does not allow an
economical usageof this technology. Therefore, the inclusion of additive processes into the
production chain of conventional manufacturing is part of the recent research, which concludes
hybrid processes. The additive manufacturing is a sequenced method the combined processes should
be repeatable in sequences as well. The most obvious combination is the additive manufacturing
process with a subtractive process liNe milling. Both technologies require a 5Yaxis machine for a
full three dimensional processing. Akula [10] integrated a machine for Gas Metal Arc Welding
(GMAW) into a CNC milling system. For the final hybrid process a deposited layer is milled planar
before the next layer gets deposited. Eleven to nearYnet shape is achieved, the required profile is
milled to complete the

3D Printing Revolutionizes Industries

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