Clinical presentation
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Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America, with no cure or specific treatment. It is transmitted primarily by mosquitoes between monkeys and humans. The clinical presentation involves three periods - an initial infection period with flu-like symptoms, a remission period with symptoms subsiding briefly, followed by a more severe intoxication period with jaundice and potential hemorrhagic manifestations in 15% of cases, resulting in a 3% fatality rate overall.
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Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic in tropical Africa and Latin America with no cure or specific treatment. It is transmitted by mosquitoes carrying the yellow fever virus, primarily between monkeys but also from monkeys to humans and between people. The clinical presentation involves three periods: an initial infection with flu-like symptoms, a remission period with symptoms subsiding briefly, and a final toxic phase with more severe symptoms like jaundice and bleeding.
Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted through mosquito bites found in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It has three clinical periods including an initial infection period with flu-like symptoms, a remission period where symptoms subside briefly, followed by a toxic intoxication period with more severe symptoms like jaundice and hemorrhaging. There is no cure for yellow fever, though a preventive vaccine was developed in 1937.
Influenza 1234
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is known to cause pandemics and epidemics may occur every 2-3 years between pandemics. There are currently three circulating strains of influenza A virus: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. Avian influenza, particularly the H5N1 strain, has pandemic potential and first infected humans in 1997. Influenza viruses are unique in their frequent antigenic variation, which can result in either antigenic drift (gradual change) or antigenic shift (abrupt major change). The virus is transmitted through droplets and humans and various animals can act as reservoirs. Prevention
Influenza (community medicine)
Influenza, or seasonal flu, is caused by influenza viruses type A, B, or C. Type A viruses can cause pandemics when new subtypes emerge that humans have little immunity against. Influenza spreads easily through droplets and contact. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions are at highest risk of complications like pneumonia. Seasonal flu epidemics typically occur in winter. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk groups. Antiviral drugs can treat influenza if started early. Good hygiene and avoiding sick people can help prevent spread.
Antropozoonosi inglese
The document discusses various anthropozoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans, often through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It identifies several factors that have increased the spread of these diseases, including climate change, globalized trade and tourism, and keeping unconventional pets. It then provides more detailed information on specific viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Yellow fever mkk
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that is endemic in parts of Africa and Central/South America. Symptoms include fever, headache, jaundice and vomiting. A small percentage of cases become severe and cause liver and kidney failure with a fatality rate around 50%. The disease is preventable through a single-dose vaccination that provides lifelong immunity. The WHO launched the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics strategy in 2017 to strengthen surveillance, laboratory testing, vaccination programs and emergency response in at-risk countries.
Yellow fever
Krishna Bharat Patil presented on yellow fever, with the objectives of defining the disease, describing its background, transmission, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes that causes jaundice and affects Africa, South America, and Central America, with an estimated 84,000-170,000 cases and 29,000-60,000 deaths annually. It has urban and sylvatic transmission cycles and symptoms in three stages from acute infection to intoxication with liver and other organ failure. Diagnosis is through blood tests and vaccination is the main prevention method.
Congo fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease carried by Hyalomma ticks and transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with infected animal blood. The virus is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Balkans. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with flu-like symptoms initially, which can develop into vomiting blood, black stools, liver swelling, and shock. The disease has a high fatality rate of around 30% and is diagnosed through blood tests and tissue sampling. There is no vaccine available though supportive care and ribavirin treatment may help recovery. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites and reducing contact with potentially infected
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Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic in tropical Africa and Latin America with no cure or specific treatment. It is transmitted by mosquitoes carrying the yellow fever virus, primarily between monkeys but also from monkeys to humans and between people. The clinical presentation involves three periods: an initial infection with flu-like symptoms, a remission period with symptoms subsiding briefly, and a final toxic phase with more severe symptoms like jaundice and bleeding.
Clinical Presentation
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted through mosquito bites found in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It has three clinical periods including an initial infection period with flu-like symptoms, a remission period where symptoms subside briefly, followed by a toxic intoxication period with more severe symptoms like jaundice and hemorrhaging. There is no cure for yellow fever, though a preventive vaccine was developed in 1937.
Influenza 1234
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is known to cause pandemics and epidemics may occur every 2-3 years between pandemics. There are currently three circulating strains of influenza A virus: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. Avian influenza, particularly the H5N1 strain, has pandemic potential and first infected humans in 1997. Influenza viruses are unique in their frequent antigenic variation, which can result in either antigenic drift (gradual change) or antigenic shift (abrupt major change). The virus is transmitted through droplets and humans and various animals can act as reservoirs. Prevention
Influenza (community medicine)
Influenza, or seasonal flu, is caused by influenza viruses type A, B, or C. Type A viruses can cause pandemics when new subtypes emerge that humans have little immunity against. Influenza spreads easily through droplets and contact. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Young children, elderly adults, and those with underlying health conditions are at highest risk of complications like pneumonia. Seasonal flu epidemics typically occur in winter. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk groups. Antiviral drugs can treat influenza if started early. Good hygiene and avoiding sick people can help prevent spread.
Antropozoonosi inglese
The document discusses various anthropozoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans, often through vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. It identifies several factors that have increased the spread of these diseases, including climate change, globalized trade and tourism, and keeping unconventional pets. It then provides more detailed information on specific viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases, their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Yellow fever mkk
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that is endemic in parts of Africa and Central/South America. Symptoms include fever, headache, jaundice and vomiting. A small percentage of cases become severe and cause liver and kidney failure with a fatality rate around 50%. The disease is preventable through a single-dose vaccination that provides lifelong immunity. The WHO launched the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics strategy in 2017 to strengthen surveillance, laboratory testing, vaccination programs and emergency response in at-risk countries.
Yellow fever
Krishna Bharat Patil presented on yellow fever, with the objectives of defining the disease, describing its background, transmission, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes that causes jaundice and affects Africa, South America, and Central America, with an estimated 84,000-170,000 cases and 29,000-60,000 deaths annually. It has urban and sylvatic transmission cycles and symptoms in three stages from acute infection to intoxication with liver and other organ failure. Diagnosis is through blood tests and vaccination is the main prevention method.
Congo fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease carried by Hyalomma ticks and transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with infected animal blood. The virus is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Balkans. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with flu-like symptoms initially, which can develop into vomiting blood, black stools, liver swelling, and shock. The disease has a high fatality rate of around 30% and is diagnosed through blood tests and tissue sampling. There is no vaccine available though supportive care and ribavirin treatment may help recovery. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites and reducing contact with potentially infected
Influenza
1) Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that affects humans and some animals. It is caused by influenza viruses, which mutate frequently leading to seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics when a new virus strain emerges.
2) Pandemics occur when a new influenza A virus acquires the ability to infect humans and spread easily between people because no one has immunity. This can happen through antigenic shift of genes between animal and human viruses.
3) Past pandemics provide clues but are unpredictable - a future pandemic could cause high illness, death, societal disruption, and pressure on healthcare systems globally. Vaccines, antivirals, and disease control measures may help slow spread until a pandemic vaccine
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
This document discusses Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne viral disease. It provides background on JE, noting it is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. The purpose is to review potential new treatment approaches, as vaccines are available but the disease persists and outbreaks are challenging to predict. The virus life cycle and transmission between mosquitoes and pigs/birds is described. While some treatment trials have occurred, none have proven effective due to small sample sizes. The document discusses the virus pathogenesis and potential immunological targets for treatment, such as reducing inflammation. It reviews existing compounds with anti-JE activity in animal models that could be tested in humans.
Chikungunya fever presentation_for_health_practitioners
Chikungunya is a virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that causes high fever, joint pain, and muscle pain. It is prevalent in parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. The document provides information on symptoms, transmission, epidemiology, preventive measures, what to do if suspecting a case, reporting levels, treatment, complications, and community measures for vector control such as eliminating standing water and using repellent.
Prevention and control of dengue fever
This document discusses dengue fever, its historical background, magnitude as a global public health problem, causative agent, vector, transmission cycle, clinical manifestations, and strategies for prevention and control. It notes that dengue is caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes and affects up to 3 billion people globally each year. Prevention focuses on eliminating mosquito breeding sites and reducing human-vector contact through measures like draining standing water and using repellents and nets.
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Yellow fever
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. It is caused by the yellow fever virus and primarily spreads through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The disease was originally found in Africa and was spread to the Americas via the slave trade. Symptoms include fever, chills, nausea and jaundice in some cases. There is no specific treatment, but supportive care can improve outcomes. Vaccination is the most important prevention method against yellow fever.
Dengue Fever 2019
This document describes a case of dengue fever in a 36-year-old female patient who presented with high fever, body aches, headaches and joint pains for 4 days. Her lab tests showed low platelet count and hematocrit increase. She was diagnosed with dengue fever with warning signs and died within 24 hours of admission. It then provides details on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation and management of dengue fever, noting it is a mosquito-borne illness caused by the dengue virus with nearly 400 million cases annually worldwide.
Chikungunya PPT_RP
Chikungunya virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that causes severe joint pain. It is transmitted between humans by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus was first isolated in Africa in the 1950s and has since caused large outbreaks in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. There is no vaccine or treatment. The document discusses the virus transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, epidemiology and control measures. It also outlines the need for further research into vaccines, treatments and predictive models to control future outbreaks.
Yellow fever virus
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that originated in Central Africa. It causes symptoms like fever, jaundice, and in severe cases significant bleeding. While most cases resolve, 15% of infections progress severely and can result in death within 7-10 days. The virus is a positive-sense RNA flavivirus about 50-60nm in diameter. Diagnosis involves testing for viral RNA or antibodies in the blood. Vaccines can prevent yellow fever, but supplies of one major vaccine may be limited in the near future.
Influenza facts and prevention
Presentation on Influenza facts, prevention, swine flu for non medical audience ( Rotaract Club)
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This document provides information on arboviruses and dengue fever. It discusses:
1) Arboviruses belong to three virus families including Togaviruses, Bunyaviruses, and Flaviviruses. Dengue fever is caused by any one of four related flaviviruses.
2) Dengue is the biggest arbovirus problem worldwide, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes dengue fever and the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
3) Diagnosis involves serology to detect IgM and IgG antibodies or isolation of the virus. There is no vaccine or antiviral treatment, so management focuses on supportive care and
HEPATITIS "B"
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and causes liver infection and inflammation. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic infection. Chronic infection may lead to serious complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B is preventable through vaccination, which induces protective antibody levels in over 95% of people vaccinated.
Management of Influenza
This document discusses influenza (flu), including its causes, symptoms, high-risk groups, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- Influenza is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract and can cause illness from mild to severe. Outbreaks occur yearly.
- High-risk groups include young children, elderly adults, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions.
- Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure.
- Diagnosis involves virus detection tests on respiratory samples. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest and fever control. Prevention includes annual flu vaccines and good hygiene practices.
Seasonal Influenza
This document discusses seasonal influenza and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. It provides a timeline of 20th century influenza pandemics. It then discusses the 2015 swine flu epidemic in India, noting over 33,000 cases and 2,000 deaths reported. It also provides data on cases and deaths from swine flu at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital in Ludhiana, with 71 cases and 11 deaths. The document compares H1N1 to seasonal influenza and discusses epidemiology, virology and clinical presentation of influenza.
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This presentation covers the epidemiology of influenza, including H1N1 influenza. It discusses the influenza virus types and subtypes, including antigenic shift and drift. It describes the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and the global, regional, and national epidemiological burden. Host and environmental epidemiological determinants are examined. The modes of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, case management, prevention and control measures, and the national response are summarized.
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This document discusses tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a viral infection transmitted through tick bites that affects the central nervous system. TBE is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. It describes the virus's subtypes, epidemiology, transmission cycle involving ticks and small rodents, clinical signs and symptoms including meningitis and encephalitis, diagnosis through serology or PCR, supportive treatment, and prevention through tick avoidance and the use of vaccines available in Europe.
20180211 influenza
Influenza, or flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. There are three main types of influenza viruses, A, B, and C, with types A and B causing seasonal epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on two surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza spreads easily through droplets from coughs or sneezes and can lead to complications like pneumonia. High risk groups include young children, elderly adults, and those with chronic health conditions. Vaccination is recommended annually to protect against the strains predicted to circulate in a given year.
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This document summarizes information about the Ebola virus presented by Shabir Ahmad Gania. It discusses the origin and strains of Ebola virus, how it is transmitted from animals to humans, symptoms and progression of Ebola viral disease in humans. It also summarizes current treatment options, vaccines under development, methods to control and prevent transmission, and concludes with the need for continued scientific and public cooperation to prevent future large outbreaks.
Viral disease of Human
1. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases.
2. Four to five strains commonly infect humans, causing respiratory infections, and the most publicized is SARS.
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The document discusses cold working and hot working processes for metals. It describes several cold working processes like cold rolling, cold extrusion, cold forging, drawing, and bending. It explains that cold working introduces controlled amounts of deformation without recrystallization. The advantages of cold working are increased strength and hardness, though ductility and grain size decrease. Hot working refers to deforming metals above their recrystallization temperature, allowing larger deformations. Some hot working processes mentioned are piercing and pipe welding. Hot working weakens metals making them more ductile. Advantages are defects can be removed and crystals aligned favorably.
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Influenza
1) Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness that affects humans and some animals. It is caused by influenza viruses, which mutate frequently leading to seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics when a new virus strain emerges.
2) Pandemics occur when a new influenza A virus acquires the ability to infect humans and spread easily between people because no one has immunity. This can happen through antigenic shift of genes between animal and human viruses.
3) Past pandemics provide clues but are unpredictable - a future pandemic could cause high illness, death, societal disruption, and pressure on healthcare systems globally. Vaccines, antivirals, and disease control measures may help slow spread until a pandemic vaccine
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
This document discusses Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne viral disease. It provides background on JE, noting it is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. The purpose is to review potential new treatment approaches, as vaccines are available but the disease persists and outbreaks are challenging to predict. The virus life cycle and transmission between mosquitoes and pigs/birds is described. While some treatment trials have occurred, none have proven effective due to small sample sizes. The document discusses the virus pathogenesis and potential immunological targets for treatment, such as reducing inflammation. It reviews existing compounds with anti-JE activity in animal models that could be tested in humans.
Chikungunya fever presentation_for_health_practitioners
Chikungunya is a virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that causes high fever, joint pain, and muscle pain. It is prevalent in parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. The document provides information on symptoms, transmission, epidemiology, preventive measures, what to do if suspecting a case, reporting levels, treatment, complications, and community measures for vector control such as eliminating standing water and using repellent.
Prevention and control of dengue fever
This document discusses dengue fever, its historical background, magnitude as a global public health problem, causative agent, vector, transmission cycle, clinical manifestations, and strategies for prevention and control. It notes that dengue is caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes and affects up to 3 billion people globally each year. Prevention focuses on eliminating mosquito breeding sites and reducing human-vector contact through measures like draining standing water and using repellents and nets.
Emerging viruses
The document discusses emerging viruses and contributions from group members. Momina Aamir introduces viruses in new host species like bunyaviruses and paramyxoviruses. Nimra Zafar discusses viruses in new areas such as the West Nile virus and bluetongue virus. Maria Jameel covers viruses in new host species and areas including filoviruses, monkeypox virus, and Ebola virus. Enam Ullah introduces new viruses such as SARS coronavirus and new strains of influenza A virus. Muhammad Mubashar Noor will discuss emerging viruses and dealing with outbreaks.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. It is caused by the yellow fever virus and primarily spreads through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The disease was originally found in Africa and was spread to the Americas via the slave trade. Symptoms include fever, chills, nausea and jaundice in some cases. There is no specific treatment, but supportive care can improve outcomes. Vaccination is the most important prevention method against yellow fever.
Dengue Fever 2019
This document describes a case of dengue fever in a 36-year-old female patient who presented with high fever, body aches, headaches and joint pains for 4 days. Her lab tests showed low platelet count and hematocrit increase. She was diagnosed with dengue fever with warning signs and died within 24 hours of admission. It then provides details on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation and management of dengue fever, noting it is a mosquito-borne illness caused by the dengue virus with nearly 400 million cases annually worldwide.
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Chikungunya virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that causes severe joint pain. It is transmitted between humans by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus was first isolated in Africa in the 1950s and has since caused large outbreaks in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. There is no vaccine or treatment. The document discusses the virus transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, epidemiology and control measures. It also outlines the need for further research into vaccines, treatments and predictive models to control future outbreaks.
Yellow fever virus
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes that originated in Central Africa. It causes symptoms like fever, jaundice, and in severe cases significant bleeding. While most cases resolve, 15% of infections progress severely and can result in death within 7-10 days. The virus is a positive-sense RNA flavivirus about 50-60nm in diameter. Diagnosis involves testing for viral RNA or antibodies in the blood. Vaccines can prevent yellow fever, but supplies of one major vaccine may be limited in the near future.
Influenza facts and prevention
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Given on October 2010 in egypt
Arbovirus part 2
This document provides information on arboviruses and dengue fever. It discusses:
1) Arboviruses belong to three virus families including Togaviruses, Bunyaviruses, and Flaviviruses. Dengue fever is caused by any one of four related flaviviruses.
2) Dengue is the biggest arbovirus problem worldwide, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes dengue fever and the potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
3) Diagnosis involves serology to detect IgM and IgG antibodies or isolation of the virus. There is no vaccine or antiviral treatment, so management focuses on supportive care and
HEPATITIS "B"
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and causes liver infection and inflammation. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic infection. Chronic infection may lead to serious complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B is preventable through vaccination, which induces protective antibody levels in over 95% of people vaccinated.
Management of Influenza
This document discusses influenza (flu), including its causes, symptoms, high-risk groups, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- Influenza is caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract and can cause illness from mild to severe. Outbreaks occur yearly.
- High-risk groups include young children, elderly adults, pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions.
- Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and body aches. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure.
- Diagnosis involves virus detection tests on respiratory samples. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest and fever control. Prevention includes annual flu vaccines and good hygiene practices.
Seasonal Influenza
This document discusses seasonal influenza and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. It provides a timeline of 20th century influenza pandemics. It then discusses the 2015 swine flu epidemic in India, noting over 33,000 cases and 2,000 deaths reported. It also provides data on cases and deaths from swine flu at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital in Ludhiana, with 71 cases and 11 deaths. The document compares H1N1 to seasonal influenza and discusses epidemiology, virology and clinical presentation of influenza.
Epidemiology H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)
This presentation covers the epidemiology of influenza, including H1N1 influenza. It discusses the influenza virus types and subtypes, including antigenic shift and drift. It describes the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and the global, regional, and national epidemiological burden. Host and environmental epidemiological determinants are examined. The modes of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, case management, prevention and control measures, and the national response are summarized.
tick borne encephalitis
This document discusses tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a viral infection transmitted through tick bites that affects the central nervous system. TBE is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is endemic in parts of Europe and Asia. It describes the virus's subtypes, epidemiology, transmission cycle involving ticks and small rodents, clinical signs and symptoms including meningitis and encephalitis, diagnosis through serology or PCR, supportive treatment, and prevention through tick avoidance and the use of vaccines available in Europe.
20180211 influenza
Influenza, or flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. There are three main types of influenza viruses, A, B, and C, with types A and B causing seasonal epidemics in humans. Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes based on two surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza spreads easily through droplets from coughs or sneezes and can lead to complications like pneumonia. High risk groups include young children, elderly adults, and those with chronic health conditions. Vaccination is recommended annually to protect against the strains predicted to circulate in a given year.
Ebola viral disease
This document summarizes information about the Ebola virus presented by Shabir Ahmad Gania. It discusses the origin and strains of Ebola virus, how it is transmitted from animals to humans, symptoms and progression of Ebola viral disease in humans. It also summarizes current treatment options, vaccines under development, methods to control and prevent transmission, and concludes with the need for continued scientific and public cooperation to prevent future large outbreaks.
Viral disease of Human
1. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases.
2. Four to five strains commonly infect humans, causing respiratory infections, and the most publicized is SARS.
3. A novel coronavirus was discovered in 2019 that causes respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and transmits between people.
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Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America, with no cure or specific treatment. It is transmitted primarily by mosquitoes between monkeys and humans. The clinical presentation involves three periods: an initial infection with flu-like symptoms, a remission period with symptoms subsiding briefly, then a return of symptoms with increased intensity and potential complications like jaundice and hemorrhaging in the intoxication period.
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- 3. • Acute viral disease endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America • A re-emerging infectious disease for which there is no cure or specific treatment • Preventive vaccine developed in 1937 • Extensive vaccination campaigns ongoing in Africa
- 4. Transmission • Yellow fever is an arbovirus – a disease transmitted by arthropod vectors • Mosquito is primary vector • Mosquito transmits virus primarily between monkeys, from monkeys to humans, and from person to person
- 5. Clinical Periods • Three distinguishable periods • Infection: fever, headache, malaise, weakness, nausea and vomiting (3-4 days) • Remission: Symptoms remit before coming back with increased intensity • Intoxication: jaundice, albuminuria, cardiovascular instability and hemorrhagic manifestations • 15% of cases progress to intoxication • Overall 3% case fatality rate