Martin Luther King Legacy

Martin Luther King Legacy
The legacy of the great civil right leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. continues to be a topic of much
debate nearly a half century after his assassination. This literature review on a more broad and
complete view of Dr. Kings legacy and ideals. Dr. King was for racial integration but later on in his
life he developed more radical economic views on the distribution of wealth in the United States. Dr.
King was a lot more complex then the saint he has been portrayed as in history textbooks. This
review will discuss Dr. King as a civil rights leader who had a radical philosophy on economics. Dr.
King early in his career as an activist focused on racial integration but later he broadened his focus
on fighting for broader economic and social justice according to Dreier (2014). Dr. Kings' early
work involved leading people in the freedom rides and Montgomery Bus boycotts. Dreier (2014)
argues that Dr. Kings more radical stance on poverty was strongly influenced by a civil rights
campaign he organized in Chicago in 1965. King saw that the big problem in the ghettos was not
legal separation but economic exploitation. King had a radical stance on economic poverty a side of
him some argue is not adequately portrayed in American textbooks. ... Show more content on
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King as a saint or Moses like figure who led the blacks the same way Moses led the people of Israel
out of slavery in Egypt. Aldridge (2006) explains that this portrayal prevents people from having a
more complete view on Dr. King, what he stood for, and how his ideologies changed over time
based on his experiences. Dr. King had such radical economic views that the FBI feared he had
communist ties and as a result wiretapped him from 1962 until his death. The complexities of Dr.
King can cause one to ask the question; was king an integrationist preacher or leftist social
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Egypt more to Blame than Israel for the Outbreak of War...
There are different historical views on what really provoced the war of 1967, the Israelis would
clearly blame the Egyptians and point at Nasser's agressions as the main provocation leading to the
war. Another view is that Nasser did not have the intention to fight Israel at that point, but when the
UN troops in the Sinai were withdrawn suprisingly after Nasser's demand, Nasser had to make true
his big promises to defeat Israel to the other Arab nations. He wanted to keep his reputation as the
ultimate leader of the pan–Arabian league and he could only do so by moving his troops towards
Israel, which no longer had a protection buffer by the UN troops in the Sinai. Another view is that
"the Six Day War was the result of Egyptian– Israeli ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
France and Britain had lost their role in the Middle East after 1956, nevertheless, other foregn
influences became strong in the area: Soviet–American rivalry dragged the Cold War into the
region. Russia hoped that if it would spread its influence in the Middle East, it would be able to
break the encirclement around the USSR, which stoped it from spreading. The USA had made pacts
to condemn communism from spreading, the Baghdad pact of 1955 included Turkey, Iran, Iraq
Pakistan and Britain. By winning over the Arab states, Russia expected to break this belt and be able
to take Communism all over the world. Russia's interest in the Middle East alarmed the United
States, so they started taking an interest themselves in the region, sympathizing most with Israel, due
to Egypt being too unpredictable in its loyalities.
After 1956 the Israelis were forced to give back all territorial gains and return to the borders agreed
in the 1949 armistice, but in received in return the support of the UNEF in the Gaza Strip and the
Sinai. Passage through the Gulf of Aqaba was assured by the presence of the UNEF at Sharm al–
Sheikh, supported by the US, which guaranteed to step in if the right of international passage was
violated. Between 1957 and 1959 Israel could even send cargo ships through the Suez canal, but as
soon as controls diminished, Nasser

Israel P.L.O. Peace Treaty Essay
Israel P.L.O. Peace Treaty
The Middle East has always been known as the Holy Land, the land of the Bible. For centuries,
prophets have walked there, nations have collided and conquerors have come and gone. While Jews
claim a three thousand–year–old attachment to this ancient land, Arabs also stake their devotion. In
1993, these two peoples, involved in a tragic conflict that has lasted more than half a century, saw
the possibility of a new beginning. It was called the Oslo Accord, and it transformed the political
realities of the Middle East (Peres, p.2) However, there have been many turbulent events that have
followed the signing of the Accord, events that have undermined the agreement and are threatening
to drive Israelis and Arabs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Finkelstein, p. 14–15)
In June 1992, the Labour government was elected in Israel on a platform of peace and change. At its
head was Yitzhak Rabin, former military chief of staff. His move from the battlefield to the
negotiation table was a historical moment in the life of Israel.
Madrid had failed because Israeli and United States delegates refused to deal with the PLO. But
Rabin and foreign minister Peres, unlike their predecessors, were willing to pursue new avenues for
peace. The way was now paved for one of the most intriguing diplomatic accords of recent years,
the Oslo Agreement. It was now clear that direct dialogue was needed between the PLO and Israel.
(Peres, p. 12)
Secret talks were arranged between the two sides in Norway starting in January 1993. However, one
key matter held up the talks, that being the Israeli ban on contact with the PLO. When the Israeli
Knesset repealed this, the way to Oslo was open. Talks took place between January and May of
1993. As talks continued, complications arose, notably Israel's insistence that it retain control of
West Bank security. However, as trust grew, both sides compromised as they moved towards
reconciliation and mutual recognition. After eight months of negotiations, an agreement of
principles was signed secretly in Oslo. The declaration of principles bound Israel and the
Palestinians to a five–year interim agreement. Power over Gaza and Jericho would be transferred to
the Palestinians, economic programs

External Factors: Environmental Analysis
Environmental Analysis
Environmental analysis is a process for identifying all external and internal elements that can affect
the performance of the organization and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity they present.
Opportunity and threat assessments are then incorporated into decision making process in order to
better align strategies with the organizations environment (Investor Words, 2015). Every destination
needs to know about their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
Israel is a holy place for the 3 major Abrahamic religions of the world i.e. Judaism, Christianity and
Islam (Levit, 2008, p. 7). 22% defined the goal of their visit to Israel as a pilgrimage, 27% arrived
for sightseeing and travel, and 9% for a vacation. In total, 58% defined the goal of their visit as
touristic, 26% arrived to see relatives and friends, and 8% came for businesses purposes and
conferences. Sixty–four percent of tourists stayed in hotels, 25% with relatives/friends, 4% in youth
hostels and Christian guesthouses, and 3% stayed in self–owned or rented apartments (Reinstein,
2014). This shows that Israel has scope to increase and extend their hospitality towards the tourist.
Environmental analysis consists of the macro environmental scanning. It is classified as following.
 Political factors
 Economical Factors
 Socio Cultural Factors
 Technological Factors
 Ecological factors
 Legal factors
MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
The marketing information system (MIS)

The Difficult History of the Jews Filled with Persecution
Despite 2,000 years of continuous residence, Europe's Jews were rarely given complete citizenship
status in their own countries. Their social and religious distinctiveness made them persistent targets
for economic, social and personal persecution. The increased participation of the Jews in the
economic and social life of 19th and 20th century industrial Europe intensified anti–Semitism. The
Nazi policy of racial hatred amplified and manipulated these patterns of persecution, ultimately
adding one deadly tenet that all Jews must be eliminated.
As the international economic crisis of the Great Depression spread in the early 1930s, the Nazis fed
on the discontent of the lower and middle classes of Germany. Most German voters who brought the
Nazis to power assumed their extremism would be tempered by the responsibility and compromise
necessary to govern. They were mistaken. Jews lost their jobs, their citizenship, and all civil rights.
When war broke out in 1939, escape was almost impossible. The "Final Solution", the murder of all
Jews, became the ultimate phase of Nazi policy, but not before enforcing many other life–restricting
policies on the Jewish people.
In 1927 Hitler was arrested and his 50,000 Nazi followers were eager to hear what their leader had
to say. Imprisoned, Hitler wrote "Mein Kamf" in which he explained the issues that he felt towards
the current societal and political state in Germany. The book spread like wildfire and Hitler's
followers grew by the tens

The Significance Of Kristallnacht And The Night Of Broken...
Assess the significance of Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht, or the "Night of Broken Glass", is one of the most crucial events in German, Jewish,
and World History. Before, the Jews were simply assaulted and verbally abused. However, on the
night of November 9, 1938, an unplanned and extremely violent action against the Jews occurred. In
two days, over 250 synagogues were burnt down while the fire department did nothing to stop it,
over 7,000 Jewish businesses were trashed and looted, Jews were murdered, Jewish cemeteries,
schools, hospitals, and homes were looted by SS while the police attempted to preserve them but
failed. Before Kristallnacht, Jews ' lives were not threatened. Historically Jews were not welcome by
many countries which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, many purely hated Jews because they were not Aryan. Germany was one of these countries.
Hitler, the leader of Germany, has carried hate for the Jews since early childhood. Primarily, he
blamed them for his mother's death along with him not getting into his dream school, Vienna Art
College. Also, they were blamed by Germany for defeat in WWI and as the cause for
unemployment. However, mainly Jews were persecuted because of the way they looked. At the
time, Hitler wanted a racially pure Germany. He believed that by adapting the Darwin theory of
survival of the fittest, he would be able to create a stronger generation and kill those that are impure
or disabled.
Prior to the horrific "Night of Broken Glass" Jews ' material comforts and mental health declined
due to the early Nazi anti–Jew moves in 1933. On the 1st of April 1933, the SA organized a boycott
of all Jewish shops and businesses. However, due to the lack of interest and customer loyalty to
Jews ' businesses, the boycott failed. Along with the boycott, in 1933, Jewish civil servants,
teachers, bankers, and lawyers were sacked and Race Science lessons taught that Jews were inferior.
To add, in 1934, they were also banned from public places including swimming pools and parks.
Along with their mental health being put at risk so were their material comforts. On September 15,
1935, The

The History Of Israel
Israel, a country of only 8.38 million people, has been thriving since it's independence in the year
1948. It runs as a vibrant democracy and the Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has successfully
lead a coalition government consisting of right–leaning and religious parties. This 8,019 square mile
country, "has a modern market economy with a thriving high–technology sector that attracts
considerable foreign investment" (heritage.org, 1). Israel is surrounded by much larger and hateful
countries towards Israel, leading to multiple wars including the 2006 war against Hezbollah in
Lebanon, the 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014 wars against Hamas in Gaze, and furthermore, the
constant and daily threats of terrorism. But, although Israel experiences ... Show more content on
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This is a very useful tool when you are trying to comparing countries to each other because it shows
the relative performance of these countries (investopedia.com). Comparing Israel to other countries,
in 2016 with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Israel was ranked number 24 at $37,262, and
with the World Bank in 2016 as well, it was ranked as number 22 at $37,293 (Economy of Israel).
All of the GDP are converted into United States currency to even out the playing field and make it
easier to rank all of the countries. While the GDP per capita can help compare countries to one
another, an issue with it is that it doesn't take into account the differences in cost of living as well as
the fluctuations in the exchange rates of a country's currency (wikipedia.org). Within the entire
Middle East, Israel has the highest GDP, just about doubling Iran who is the second highest at
$12,900 (Economy in the Middle East). By breaking down the percentages of the GDP in Israel, it
shows that most of the GDP is towards services at 64.7%, then 31.2% in industry, and a small 2.5%
in agriculture (Economy of Israel). A major contributor to Israel's economy is trade. The value of the
total exports as well as imports together equals to amount 59% of the total GDP (heritage.org).
A "comparative advantage is an economic law referring to the ability of

Mercer Operating Abroad Case Study
Mercer Operating Abroad
Mercer, a subsidiary of Marsh & McLennan companies' is global consulting leader and part of a
culture that has colleagues in more than 100 countries. Mercer, recognize the difficulty organizations
may encounter when entering new markets, therefore conducts business in accordance with all
applicable trade restrictions, export controls or anti–boycott laws. International trade compliance
and applied science transfer are governed by laws and regulating of multiple jurisdictions forming a
highly complicated and ever–evolving global compliance regime.1 This paper is written to explore
business recitations by Mercer (MMC) when conducting business internationally.
Trade and Economic Sanctions
Differences between international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The term united states person includes all individuals corporation and unincorporated associations
resident in the united states including the development domestic affiliates of foreign concerns united
states person also include united states citizens aboard except when they reside aboard and are
employed by undocumented persons and the controlled affiliates of domestic concerns. The test for
controlled in fact is the ability to establish the general policies or to control the day to day operations
of the foreign affiliate. The scope of the EAR, as defined by section 8 of the EAA is limited to
actions taken with intent to comply with, further, or support and unsanctioned foreign boycott. The
law prohibits conduct that mat be penalized under the TRA and/or prohibit under the

Starbucks Corporation
Starbucks Corporation
By Oybek Salimov
Outline
Introduction.............................................................................................3
1. Background of the company....................................................................4 2. Starbucks's
expansion...........................................................................4 3. Risks associated with
expansion...............................................................6 4. Capital structure of the
company...............................................................7
Conclusion................................................................................................ 9
Reference ................................................................................................10
Appendix ................................................................................................ 11
Introduction Globalization greatly influenced businesses to expand worldwide. Cross boarder
communications let people all around the world to exchange demand on services and products.
Besides, countries opened boards to foreign investments. New type of business ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(K.Subharda, 2006). Final strategic imperative was achieving competitive advantage of countries. In
order to keep high demand for coffee and availability of high quality coffee beans the company
began a Preferred Supplier program in 2001 to attract environmentally friendly farmers and reward
for their high quality coffee beans.
Joint ventures, licensing and wholly owned subsidiaries are modes that Starbuck chose to enter
international markets. Table below shows countries the company moved in and types of mode it
used in years 1996 to 2002. (K.Subharda, 2006)
Table 1: Starbucks International presence Country | Type of Entry | Name of the Partner | Year |
Canada | Wholly–owned subsidiary | Starbucks Coffee Canada | 1996 | Japan | Joint Venture | Sazaby
Inc. | 1996 | Malaysia | Licensee | Berajaya Group bhd | 1998 | New Zealand | Licensee | Restaurant
Brands | 1998 | Taiwan | Joint Venture | President Coffee Corp. | 1998 | Kuwait | Licensee | Alshaya |
1999 | Philippines | Licensee | Rustan's Coffee Corp. | 2000 | Australia | Joint Venture | Markus Hofer
| 2000 | Israel | Joint Venture | Delek Corporation** | 2001 | Austria | Licensee | Bon Appetit
Group** | 2001 | Switzerland | Licensee | Bon Appetit Group** | 2001 | Germany | Joint Venture |
Karstadt Qualle

Soccer Should Be Banned
Throughout the Middle East soccer is a very prominent, male–dominated sport. Soccer is used by
many people as an escape from their real world, and gives them a few hours where they can leave
their differences aside and come together as a nation to celebrate their team. Soccer, however, is also
very popular in the political realm of the Middle East as it is used by politicians and government
leaders to their advantage in countries like Egypt and Turkey. However, not all countries allow or
invite soccer into their borders. Countries like Saudi Arabia believe that soccer is practiced as a
religion and should be banned because it causes a divide in the Muslim faith. Throughout the Middle
East, soccer plays a key factor in their politics as politicians ... Show more content on
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In Israel, soccer star Suan Bnei shows the divide between Palestine and Israel as Israel boos the
soccer star based solely off the fact that he identifies as Arab. Suan "symbolizes the struggle
between Israelis and Palestinians as well as internal battles in both communities" by representing the
historic animosity towards one another is mutual and how they are both "products of the
politicization of sports as well as the role soccer has played in the development of separate national
identities in historic Palestine" (Dorsey 150). Israel and Palestine's fight against each other is
prevalent in soccer and their fans as fans boo and chant derogatory phrases at each other. The chants
symbolize the deep hate that each country has towards each

The Arab League Boycott Of Israel
Weiss reports that for a number of years, language has been included in successive foreign
operations appropriations legislations concerning the Arab League boycott. Most recent of which is
Section 7035 of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, FY2015 (P.L 113–
235). Some of the more important statements of the act are: (i) the Arab League boycott of Israel,
and the secondary boycott of American firms that have commercial ties with Israel, is an
impediment to peace in the region and to United States investment and trade in the Middle East and
North Africa; (ii) the Arab League boycott, which was regrettably reinstated in 1997, should be
immediately and publicly terminated, and the Central Office for the Boycott of ... Show more
According to the Department of Commerce's Office of the Antiboycotting Compliance (OAC), the
legislation was enacted to "encourage, and in specified cases, requires U.S. firms to refuse to
participate in foreign boycotts that the United States does not sanction (Security).
The US's reaction to the Arab League boycott of Israel lays the foundation for the reaction of states
and federal to the BDS Movement. A number of the reactions by different states including Illinois
and South Carolina were discussed above. The federal regulations in an attempt to stamp the US'
anti–Arab League boycott of Israel included, the Export Administration Act of 1979 (EAA) and the
Ribicoff Amendment to the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (TRA). Under section 8 of the EAA, all US
persons and company were prohibited from complying with an unsanctioned foreign boycott and
require anyone who is requested to do so, to report such request to the OAC in the Bureau of
Industry and Security (BIS). The EAA recommends penalties for violators.
As is seen, the US has long opposed boycotts of Israeli entities. Some Members of Congress have
argued the US needs to continue this trend and enact legislation which will protect the integrity of
trade as well as protect the state of Israel. In fact, it could be argued that protecting trade freedom of
Israel is the only way to protect the state as a trade isolation would leave it vulnerable and
susceptible to different forms of deterioration.
In 2015

In 1894 the Modern Olympic Games were created in order to...
In 1894 the Modern Olympic Games were created in order to gain back popularity for France that
was lost during the Franco–Prussian War but since then countries have found themselves slipping
into the Political Olympics. In 777 B.C. the Ancient Olympics were created in order to show the
athletic abilities and the evolution of humans and to encourage peace among the cities of Greece.
The Modern Olympics were created in the late 1800's in order to redeem France after their loss in
the Franco–Prussian War, since that point the Games have been politically motivated. The Olympics
bring increased public attention and publicity to the country hosting them. China, Germany, and
Russia along with many other countries have used this to their ... Show more content on
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from competing and were forced to follow strict rules as to who could even attend the Games. The
Games were brought to an end in 393 AD when Emperor Theodosius banned all "pagan cults." The
Ancient Olympics were held for a total of one thousand one hundred and sixty nine years. 1870
marked the beginning of the Franco–Prussian War. This war was fought between France and Prussia
with Germany as Prussia's ally. France was soon defeated and was forced to give up Alsace and
Lorraine in addition to paying reparations to Germany totaling five billion francs of gold. France
was now forced to face a unified Germany who soon became their enemy. The Franco–Prussian
created a serious state of crisis between the new German Empire and the new French Republic.
There were several failed attempts to bring back the Ancient Olympics for hundreds of years after
they were banned, but in a new modern way. In 1890 Pierre de Coubertin began his attempt to create
the Modern Olympic Games. Coubertin looked back on the Franco–Prussian war with shameful
eyes. He blamed France's loss of the war on the inadequate physical levels of the French soldiers.
While France was focusing their students on Greek and Latin classics, Germany was instilling a
sense of athleticism into their citizens at a very young age. France did not lose the Franco–Prussian
war solely on their poor physical condition

Arab Nation’s Position Towards Israel
Arab Nation's Position Towards Israel The Arab nations in the middle east have for the most part of
Israel's existence been hostile. Arab nations share a tie with the Palestinians who believe they belong
to the land on which Israel sits and the Arab nations have supported them in most cases. The Arab
nation's hostile position towards Israel continued through the War of Independence, the Sinai–Suez
War, the Six Day War, the War of Attrition, and the Yom Kippur War. After the Arab nation's long
stint of hostility, the tides started to change and some arab nations, especially Egypt, started to
consider making amends with Israel.
First of all, before the creation of Israel the Arab nations always supported the Arabs who lived in
Palestine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The significance is that at this time the Arab nations and Israel were making no strides towards
peace in the middle east.
However, leading up to the Sinai–Suez war Egypt showed signs of wanting peace with Israel. For
example, reports found that in 1953 "the Egyptians 'expressed a willingness to reach a secret
agreement with Israel" which would include the permission of Israeli ships through the Suez canal
(Tessler 339.) This shows that Egypt was not always absolutely against peace in the early stages of
Jewish state. However, these Egypt tries for peace did not succeed. The recurring conflict between
Israel and Egypt as well as raids coming in from Jordan eventually led to the Sinai–Suez war of
1954. During the war Gamal Nasser made defense agreements with the other Arab nations such as
Syria, Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Tessler 347.) This shows the Arab nations were working together
against the state of Israel once again. However, Israel and its allies of France and Britain easily won
the war and left Egypt feeling humiliatingly defeated (Tessler 349.) The war again weakened the
relations between Israel and the Arab nations, showed that Israel had become a force to be reckoned
with, and forced the Arab states to act more carefully when taking

The Stereotype For A United States ' Senator
The stereotype for a United States' Senator is often the same stereotype associated with the
Republican Party: wealthy, white, older male. While Senator Elizabeth Warren is not a spring
chicken and is white, that is where the similarities end. The following information is from
"Elizabeth Warren" (2015). Senator Warren came from a struggling middle class family, the
youngest of four. Her father suffered from a heart attack and the family began to accumulate medical
bills. Warren started working at the age of 13 to help pay the bills. Graduating high school at the age
of 16, Warren attended George Washington University on a full ride debate scholarship, a skill she
would use periodically throughout her life. Graduating the University of Houston with a speech
pathology degree she became the first person in her family to graduate college. After two children, a
divorce and earning her law degree Warren began to develop an interest in bankruptcy and how it
particularly plagued middle class families. Thanks to this interest and a tap from Senator Harry
Reid, Warren chaired the Congressional Oversight Panel in 2008. Warren and the panel investigated
the financial crisis as well as the banks that contributed to the economic downfall. Three years later
Warren designed the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to protect consumers from signing risky
loans and to watch the credit bureaus. Later that year Warren became special assistant to President
Obama, she also announces her candidacy

Why Adolf Hitler Joined The National Social Party
Adolf Hitler joined the National Social party in 1919 and soon became a leader to promote racial
and antisemitic
principles. By 1923 there was a revolt by this party which landed Hitler in jail where he wrote a
book on Nazi global dominion.
Hitler's plan was to devise an unequal system to implement the Holocaust. The creations of new
laws within the legal
system allowed Hitler to remove Jews from Germany.
The German Parliament election in 1924 only produced three percent of the votes for this National
Social party but by
1930 a huge economic crisis had begun and now the party had over 18 percent of the vote. It is
important to note that the
largest faction in the House had occurred in 1932 with 230 mandates. Now Hitler had a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Jewish people felt that because they were so entrenched in trades and contributions they
would never be excluded.
Hitler produced Nazi anti–Jewish policies that were meant to strip the Jews of their overall rights
and establish inequality.
There were legal campaigns to terrorize, abuse and get rid of all Jews in Germany. This policy
would also remove all rights
from Jewish people as well as remove all their property (Aryrnization). Hitler's goal was to use the
legal system to make the
Jews leave Germany. Concentration camps were set up for anyone who went against these laws and
a single party policy

was the rule. Boycotts were another way to legally prevent customers from going into a store or
business owned by a Jewish
owner.
A racial law was put in place that would remove any official of Jewish origin by saying the person
was not loyal to the
party. This racial law would isolate and get rid of Jews from being in the judicial systems, civil
service, medicine or even
the army. Books were ordered to be burned by Jewish authors and no Jewish person could attend
any cultural events. The
Nuremberg Laws would not recognize Jews as citizens and no marriage was allowed between a
non–Jewish person and

The Deployment Of Economic Sanctions On The International...
The deployment of economic sanctions on the international stage by states to influence the behavior
of other states has become the norm in International Relations. Despite the increase in popularity of
this practice over the course of the past century, the question of its efficiency is one that is still
debated and remains unanswered. The idea that putting economic pressures on a country to illicit a
certain behavior or change in behavior from that country works in theory, but in practice, it is more
complicated and does not necessarily work the way that theory suggests it should. Some economists
and policy analysts have taken the approach of deconstructing the subject in order to consider what
variable may or may not affect the efficiency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Positive sanctions are meant to foster relations between countries. Negative sanctions are intended
to cause another country economic harm. The debate around economic sanctions typically focuses
on the negative kind. Sanctions can be unilateral – from one sender country to one target country –
or multilateral from multiple countries. Multilateral sanctions can be orchestrated by one main
country supported by other countries, or they can be sent under the auspices of an international
organization. Raul Caruso distinguishes three different kinds of negative sanctions – boycotts,
embargoes, and
Kassim 3 financial sanctions. A boycott is the restriction of imports from the target country;
embargoes are restrictions on exports to the target country; financial sanctions are restrictions on
investment in the target country (Caruso "Should We Set" 23). Kaempfer and Lowenberg posit that
economic sanctions can be proposed for the following three reasons: in response to a nation that
threatens the wealth or security of the sender nation; to achieve moral or ideological goals; as a part
of trade policy and commercial relations – i.e. in response to tariffs or quotas (Kaempfer 2). The
question of whether or not sanctions are efficient is a difficult one to answer. A major contributing
factor to this difficulty is the lack of a universal standard for gauging success. Analysts create the
criteria by which to judge success, and these criteria are not accepted by

Consumer Boycott According
Outline Ⅰ.Introduction 1 Ⅱ.Consumer Boycott Basics 1 A. What is a consumer boycott? And for
what purposes do we boycott? 1 B. The criterion of success of a consumer boycott 2 Ⅲ Problems 3
A. Historical Problems 3 1. The good old times for boycotters and the first obstacle: Legality. 3
2.Post–World WarⅡ: CPAs and anti–CPAs Wars. 5 B. Inherent Problems. 5 1. Small–agent problem.
5 2. Marginal analysis problem 6 3. Potential Buyers problem 8 4. Free–rider problem. 8 5.
Restoration and Immunity. 9 6. Counterproductive Effect. 10 7. Time–Inconsistency Problem. 10
Ⅳ.The summary 11 References: 11
The Weakening Power: Consumer Boycotts in Modern Times
Ⅰ.Introduction
Though the term "boycott" was not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is inexplicable that eschewing something can simply be escalated to be as serious and harsh as
battles.
In that period, there existed a labor union named the Knights of Labor, which committed serious
boycotts. Their so–called organized boycotters were more like gangsters. Whoever was in
opposition of the Knights of Labor would be isolated both commercially and interpersonally. They
could barely be able to buy any food, because they were personally boycotted. If their friends saw
them, cross the street. Finally this wicked boycott method encountered some diehard merchants.
Esther Gray, who was a bakeress in New York, showed the mass that "a person may be placed
beyond the reach of the boycott by public sympathy."(Glickman 140) That was an anti–boycott,
"consumer power deployed in defense of a boycotted business."(Glickman 140)
It is obvious for people with basic sense of right and wrong to see the misdemeanors of consumer
boycotts in that period. The explanation is that those "effectiveness" and "success" of boycotters
were shielded by the loops in legal system. The good side is that the Supreme Court is in continuous
effort to make the "game" more fair with much attention directed at secondary boycotts. "For
example, Taft–Hartley Act of 1947 barred secondary boycotts, viewing them as unfair labor
practices. The prohibitions were continued by the Landrum–Griffin Act of 1959, which outlawed
secondary boycotts considered to be

Are Boycotts So Legal?
Are boycotts even legal?
Kenneth L. Marcus
Boycotts against Israel are making headlines once again.
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is voting this month on whether to boycott
Israel. If the resolution passes, AAA will be the largest and oldest academic association to do so.
In response, many heads of U.S. universities, including MIT, the University of Chicago and all ten
University of California campuses, recently reaffirmed their opposition to academic boycotts,
specifically citing ones targeting Israel.
The graduate student unions at University of Massachusetts (UMass) Amherst and New York
University (NYU) just voted to boycott Israel. Both UMass chancellor Subbaswamy and NYU
president Hamilton responded with unequivocal opposition and condemnation.
Fierce debate has surrounded boycotts since the American Studies Association (ASA) endorsed an
Israel boycott two years ago.
Are boycotts antithetical to the mission and values of academia?
Do boycotts violate academic freedom?
The American Association of University Professors, the American Council on Education, the
American Association of Universities, 134 members of Congress and hundreds of university
presidents, including the heads of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Stanford, Johns Hopkins, Columbia,
Cornell, Duke, Brown and Dartmouth, forcefully condemned ASA. In fact, many universities
withdrew their memberships from ASA after its boycott vote. The wave of backlash was

Ophir's The Challenges Of The BDS Movement
The BDS Movement is a revolutionary movement that still goes on today. The BDS Movement
stands for "boycott, divestment, and sanctions in which are against Israel until it complies with
international law for Palestinians"(The BDS Movement). This movement for the Palestinians rights
was started by "Palestinian civil society in 2005 and is coordinated by the Palestinian BDS National
Committee (BNC) which was established in 2007"(BDS Movement). BDS is a strategy that "allows
people of conscience to play an effective role in the Palestinian struggle for justice" (The BDS
Movement). It has been realized that Israel, for decades, has denied Palestinians their "fundamental
rights of freedom, equality, and self–determination through ethnic cleansing, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the beginning of Ophir paper, he supports the BDS's movement in pressuring companies by
ending "complicated business activity and institutions to divest" (Ophir 652). By pressuring
companies and institutions into giving their money to Israel's hands, it will protect Palestinians
rights and ultimately lives. Ophir discusses the opposing argument by stating that, "the state
apparatus and the majortiy of Israeli Jews do not recognize the right of Israeli citizens to question
the basic tents of the Zionist regime and use civil forms of struggle to transform and democratize
their political regime; rather they understand such a struggle as a act of treason" (Ophir 654). Ophir
is saying that they don't understand the difficulty in trying to change a state to be only for Israelis
and not a land in which Palestinians and Israelis can live together and coexist. Ophir believe that just
because they don't understand this difficulty, like the "4.4 million noncitizens in the West Bank and
Gaza Strip" in Palestinians reside in, you can just kick out, especially if it is such a huge proportion
of people living on this land, living there for generations and generations down decades. He
concludes in his paper by saying that the direction in which Israelis should be taking is that "they
should force themselves to become addresses of the BDS's call and then, hopefully, they will seek to

Public Participation And Petition For Boycott Products
TO: Justice McCloud
FROM: Law Clerk #7470
RE: Davis v. Cox, No. 90233–0
Date: March 9th, 2015
Word Count: 2450 words for discussion and conclusion sections
QUESTIONS PRESENTED
1. Is a private food co–op boards' decision to boycott products an action of "public participation and
petition" as covered under the statute RCW 4.24.525?
2. Is the coop member's lawsuit "based on" the boycott or based on the violation of the co–op
bylaws?
BRIEF ANSWERS
1. Yes. The board of director's decision to boycott products is most likely a matter of public
participation and petition under RCW 4.24.525(2)(e) because it is an action of lawful conduct meant
to further the right of free speech under the statute.
2. The Washington Legislature intended RCW 4.24.525 to be interpreted broadly to protect free
speech. Interpreting a lawsuit to be based on an act of free speech would best effectuate what the
Legislature intended.
FACTS
The Olympia Food Co–op is a nonprofit food cooperative and grocery store with more than 22,000
members with a policy for participating in nationally recognized boycotts. Boycotts could be
proposed and enacted through a process outlined in the bylaws. In 2009 a co–op employee proposed
a boycott of Israeli products and divesting from Israeli funds that was brought to the internal
committee which failed to reach a consensus. After a year of indecision, the co–op's board of
directors decided to institute a resolution approving the boycott. In response, five co–op members

Economic Boycotts Research Paper
Economic boycotts have proven to not be the most effective throughout history because they have
proven to cause unfortunate events or they have not made any meaningful change. Although
economic boycotting is practically nonviolent, some boycotts have provoked countries to perform
acts of violence. This makes economic boycotting a dangerous and sensitive thing to do and should
be avoided at all costs. Economic boycotts that have proven to be successful at failing include the
US sanctions against Japan and the Arab League Boycott of Israel. Other methods like passive
resistance have proven to yield more meaningful and peaceful change through the long haul.
US sanctions against Japan:
The US sanctions against Japan were a series of economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The goals of this movement are to "broaden[ ]the conversation concerning state violence [which
state] to include all of the ways in which Black people are intentionally left powerless at the hands
of the state... [This means] the ways in which Black lives are deprived of [their] basic human rights
and dignity," according to the Black Lives Matter official website. This movement has used the
hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook,
and as a direct result of the popularity of this hashtag, more people are aware of the discrimination
against black people than before. According to Andy Cush's article "Here's Proof that Black Lives
Matter Protests are Working, a poll "A Pew poll from last year found that 46 percent of Americans
believed that the country needed to continue making changes to ensure that blacks and whites have
equal rights. After a year of demonstrations [by the Black Lives Matter movement] in the streets and
on the news, a majority have taken up that stance: the Post found that 60 percent of Americans now
affirm that the fight for equal rights is not over. Even white people are changing their minds: the
Post poll found that 53 of whites believe changes still need to be made, versus just 39 percent in
2014." And this poll reflects the opinion of most Americans, who support the fight for

Arguments Against The BDS Movement
Since the Palestinian civil society groups issued the call for BDS, it has garnered numerous support.
The support from US entities have been diverse. Several academic unions have participated in the
boycott, and continue to make inroads on several university campuses. Entertainers, including
Lauryn Hill have decided not to perform in Israel in solidarity with the movement. However,
numerous US policy makers and lawmakers, as well as, private individual and organizations, have
stated opposition to or taken action against the BDS movement. A number of Congress members
argue that the BDS movement is discriminatory and therefore, there is a need for legislative options
to limit its influence. As the CRS reports, this lead to the Bipartisan Congressional ... Show more
Amongst these states are Illinois and South Carolina. In the former, the bill aims to prevent the
state's pension fund from being invested in companies that boycott Israel in any form. In describing
what is understood to be 'Boycott Israel', the bill labels any "means engaging in actions that are
politically motivated and are intended to penalize, inflict economic harm on, or otherwise limit
commercial relations with the State of Israel or companies based in the State of Israel or in
territories controlled by the State of Israel." It admits that the move is political but necessary as it
will combat economic harm against the state of Israel. This highlights how many of the actions of
the BDS movement and the anti–BDS movement, even though political in nature, are implemented
with the aim of disrupting or promoting trade. In South Carolina the law is passed restricting
contracts with companies that boycott countries with open trade relations with the US. It prohibits
all public entities in the state from doing any business with entities unless said entities are able to
prove that they have and will not participate in any boycott of any states in which the state of South
Carolina is able to participate in open

Anti Semitic And Anti Zionist Movement
By the late nineteenth century, the Jews, who had been in exile for almost two thousand years, found
their ancestral homeland in Palestine, which was largely occupied by Arabs and governed by the
Turks; this dilemma sparked many problems within the Middle East. Since the rise of the Zionist
movement and the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948, political leaders of
predominately Muslim nations in the Middle East have made discriminatory prejudice anti–Semitic
statements or actions. Allowing for apportioning or deflection of blame, contradicting the stated
social and theological morality of the Islamic faith, this technique has been used as a tool for
political control by regimes in this region for the past century. The relationship between anti–
Semitic and anti–Zionist views in the Middle East are shown through the nature of the governments
involved in the anti–Zionist movement, the relationship these nations had with the state of Israel, the
effect it had on the Arabic people living within these countries and the assumptions made on
Judaism and Zionism.
After World War II, Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish
immigration limits, as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels, as they
had to put an end to the British mandate set in Palestine. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of
Jewish Holocaust survivors and refugees sought a new life far from their destroyed communities in
Europe; thus

Economic History Of Israel And Saudi Arabia Essay
Eytan Davidovits
Professor Hill
Economics 191
20, March 2015
Economic History of Israel and Saudi Arabia Israel and Saudi Arabia are two countries in close
proximity to each other, yet seem to be different in almost every metric. Saudi Arabia has a $744
Billion GDP, while Israel only $290 Billion (The World Bank), yet when breaking the GDP into
GDP per capita, Saudi Arabia lags behind Israel at with a GDP per capita of $25, 961 whereas Israel
is at $36,051. Israel and Saudi Arabia both became economic powerhouses of the Middle East, while
remaining vastly different from each other in terms of their institutions. Their histories are unique,
illustrating various ways a country can develop. Israel as a country is quite new, only 67 years old.
Israel was founded in 1948 after being given to the Jewish people by Great Britain. Soon after Israel
declared independence, all of the pseudo governmental Jewish institutions that were set up during
the period under British rule, combined to form government departments. However, due to the state
of its economy as well the more socialist leanings of the main political party, in the beginning there
was strong government intervention.
Following its founding, Israel's economy was jumpstarted through a large amount of foreign aid as
well as immigration. Immigration was a pillar of the founding of the Jewish state with Holocaust
survivors coming in droves from Europe to Israel. After just three years of it's founding, Israel
doubled its

Essay on Israel-Palestine: Two-State vs One-State Solution
What Does The Future Hold for Israel–Palestine?
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has proven to be one of the most complex and "intractable" conflicts
of modern history – or as some may even add – of all time. And after many decades of failed
attempts at peacemaking in this region, there still seems to be no conceivable end to the conflict.
During those same decades, most of the parties involved as well as the international community
have embraced the idea of a two–state solution, but the question we pose today asks whether this
solution is still a viable option considering the present context, and if not, is it finally time to
consider a one–state solution? This essay will argue that although a two–state solution remains the
more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, the involvement and conflict–resolution approaches of the international community
during the South–African ordeal differed greatly from those of today, since Israel has a more
complex relationship with the United–States than South–Africa ever did and an international boycott
of Israel would ultimately fail as it would be interpreted as a repetition of the Holocaust, which
began with the simple slogan "Don't buy from the Jews" and which no one in their right mind
desires today! (5)
So, is a two–state solution a more viable option? One might think that a two–state option is a very
remote possibility seeing the constant hostility from the Palestinian side, the crisis and disconnect
between Hamas and the official Palestinian Authority, the fragmentation of the West Bank territory
into districts due to growing Israeli settlements, and an almost inexistent peace process between the
two nations in light of a unilateral Israeli approach to conflict resolution. However, it is also vital to
underline that the lack of evidence of a one–state option being the optimal solution to the problem
makes the route towards a two–state solution more compelling in comparison. In fact, by opting for
a one–state solution and

After the Second World War, the emergence of high-level...
After the Second World War, the emergence of high–level warm peace in West Germany was
understood to be due to the induction of democratisation and social reform process by the liberal
United States (US) and the common Soviet Union threat. The problem of ethnic German expellees
from the East result to the destabilisation of democracy in West Germany which nearly caused the
collapse of the government. The US came to aid in mitigating the problem and assisting the state
into a successful German democracy. As discussed earlier, the realist factors of American hegemony
had produced cold peace in the Western Europe, but insufficiently produced high–level warm peace.
However, with the nature of liberal democracy in the region, the cold peace ... Show more content
A report shown, after two decade of France democratisation, about fifty–two percent of French gave
a good opinion in regard to their perception towards West Germany and reduction of nine percent
gave bad opinion. The structure and stability of liberal democracy have developed transnational
interactions between the French and German people. Even though there was conflict arise between
the governments in 1960s the level of mutual trade and confidence never decreases. Besides that,
liberal democratic structures also generate confidence of German and French policymakers of their
mutual reliability.
Middle East
In Middle East, the situations were different from the European case when the three key liberal
mechanisms; regional institutions, economic interdependence and democracy, induced in the region.
The use of defensive and offensive liberalism failed to produce a stable warm peace on arms control,
economic cooperation, water, refugees and the enivronment. Defensive liberalism of multilateral
talks was conducted in the framework of Madrid Conference. The idea was to create regional
peacemaking through bilateral negotiations between Israel and the Arabs, the Gulf and North
African. However, the bilateral talks with Israel were boycott by some of the rejectionist camp
including Iran, Iraq, Libya and Sudan. The rejection limited the ability to reach region–wide
agreements yet the support from the great powers helped broaden the peace process and

The Political Relevance And Global Impact Of Mahatma...
Niloufer Bhagwat's "The Political Relevance and Global Impact of Mahatma Gandhi" conveys her
stance on Gandhi's influence on how different groups of people combated forms of oppression.
Bhagwat says "wherever the political, economic, social, and ecological future of humanity and...
earth is debated and discussed, Gandhiji with his simple precepts provides a guidance for all
generations" (Bhagwat 33). I believe that her argument successfully convinces the reader that the
principles Gandhi followed and the strategies he used, non–violent civil disobedience and non–
cooperation, not Gandhi himself, left a lasting impact on the world. Earth faces many new
challenges such as regions facing economic collapse, some of the most barbaric wars, and threats to
the ecosystem in the 21st century despite many advancements made. Humans have become
collateral damage of the market economy. Gandhi's principles, strategies, and critiques, as seen
through satyagraha, non–cooperation and civil disobedience, continue to guide humans with these
problems. Mahatma Gandhi, testing many strategies for the best course of action, was a non–passive
practical political leader who believed in the unity of mankind and a seeker of truth. He found his
start in South Africa while facing discrimination of Indians by its racist government. Taking the
initiative and urging his fellow Indians to take part in non–violent acts of civil disobedience, Gandhi
developed a reputation few could rival. He depersonalized

Ap World History : Michael Foley
AP World History
Michael Foley
1A: We can examine painting that ancient artists drew, the homes they built, the tools they had,
listen to oral history, and much more. There is indeed a benefit to studying history in this way, since
it gives a hands–on account of what was there 12,000 years ago, allowing us to see and deduce for
ourselves how ancient civilizations operated.
1B: The first civilizations formed at around 10,000 BCE, when humans settled around the Fertile
Crescent to plant crops like wheat, barley and cereal. Cereal's property of sweetening when soaked
in water, and fermenting over time were discovered, making it a significant grain that led to
permanent settlements, and eventually, the development of civilizations.
1C: Ancient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Modern British democracy is similar to Greek democracy since in both instances, the people have a
voice in political decisions. However, in Britain, the people vote for officials to make decisions for
them, and everyone has a right to vote, but in Greece, free men (20% of the population) directly
made decisions. Greek democracy also relied on slavery so people could have enough time to
participate.
2C: In Greek symposion, or drinking parties, men drank as equals to discuss topics of intellect.
Rome took wine more seriously, since it more strictly sets the status of a man, so much so, that the
status of a person often determined which wines they were served at events like Roman convivium,
the Roman equivalent of symposion. Convivium was a time to boast about your wealth rather than
have intellectual discussions, and rather than drinking wine from a single bowl like the Greeks,
drinkers usually drank from their own cups. This shows that the Greeks were more unified than the
Romans, and, in a sense, more peaceful and accepting.
2D: Wine was a major part of Greek and Roman culture and trade, and played a significant role in
shaping these two empires. In certain religions, medicine plays a big role in shaping them, such as
the miracles that Jesus was said to have performed.
***
3A: No, since the indigenous and African people were being absolutely ripped off, trading land and
valuables like gold, for cheap

Camp David Accords Essay
The Camp David Accords were signed on September 17, 1978 at the presidential retreat Camp
David. It was a peace treaty between the two warring nations Israel and Egypt and was paired with a
shuffle in territory. U.S. president Jimmy Carter accompanied Israeli prime minister Menachem
Begin and Egyptian leader Anwar El Sadat for the negotiations. These events led to more interaction
with Egypt and Israel, paved the way for future diplomatic meetings, and contributed to a
psychological shift in Israel.
After the Camp David Accords were put into place, interaction between Egypt and Israel increased.
According to Continuum of Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East, both countries sent
ambassadors to increase conversation. Additionally, Egypt

Essay on SA IBL TB8e Ch13
CHAPTER 13–THE REGULATION OF EXPORTS
TRUE/FALSE
1. In some circumstances, the presentation of research by a U.S. scientist at a convention in a
foreign nation may require an export license.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. The Department of Commerce possesses the power to restrict imports.
ANS: T PTS: 1
3. The current law that controls the export of goods from a U.S. manufacturer to a foreign buyer also
controls the re–export of those goods beyond the boundaries of the country of the original foreign
buyer.
ANS: T PTS: 1
4. Among the reasons for controlling exports are the protection of national security, the prevention
of terrorism, the promotion of regional stability, and the preservation of scarce materials.
ANS: T PTS: 1
5. Formulas, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b.
To control the exporting of goods with military applications to communist countries.
c.
To prevent the escalation of the Cold War.
d.
To provide U.S. manufacturers with fairer trading opportunities outside the U.S.
ANS: B PTS: 1
4. Which is not a current issue regarding export controls?

a.
Can effective multilateral controls be established?
b.
Who is the enemy?
c.
In the absence of multilateral controls, can unilateral controls be effective?
d.
Can the State Department both promote trade and commerce and control exports?
ANS: D PTS: 1
5. In the United States, the office that initially reviews and rules on license applications is the:
a.
Bureau of Industry and Security.
b.
Office of Export Trade Control.
c.
Export Administration Board.
d.
Export Policy Operations Committee.
ANS: A PTS: 1
6. Which of the following statements is not true?
a.
U.S. export control law requires the issuance of an export license to cover the movement of
controlled U.S.–origin products from India to Taiwan.
b.
The Department of Commerce will not recommend the decontrol of a product on grounds that a
non–U.S. item of comparable quality is available rendering the control ineffective.
c.
The Bureau of Industry and Security has 90 days to review and rule on the application of an export
license.
d.
Civil penalties may be imposed on a strict liability basis for violations of export control law without
having to prove criminal intent.
ANS: B PTS: 1
7. The

International Political Economy : Cuba 's Economic Sanction
Damilet Cepero INR3703 International Political Economy Professor Opsal Cuba's Economic
Sanction Final Paper Economic Sanctions are the interruption by one state imposed to another for
the purpose to command a specific demands by the state, such as political changes. The originator
states views the sanctions and the economic relationships it has with that country and the number of
states that will initiate the sanction. Different sanctions are placed on states due to the effectiveness
of the tool. Economic sanctions are a viewed as a political tool utilized as an alternative to armed
conflict or military interventions. Sanctions have been placed on states in order to change a political
or military behavior as a more peaceful measure to prevent war. These instruments are considered to
be controversial policy as they can damage the economy of another states. Historically states placed
under embargoes have suffered major economic downfalls and weakened the economic environment
to a atrocious manner that hurts the trade, citizens and businesses established in the state. Embargoes
are a way to impede the state from having any trade with the initiating state and placing a
commercial blockage on their economy. Embargoes are considered to be a strong diplomatic
measure to impose a effort in part from another country. They are seen as the enforcement of peace
to a state while other diplomatic efforts have failed by the initiating state. In order for

Essay on September 11 and America’s Careless Diplomacy
For the past century, Americans have viewed the United States as standing as a symbol of strength,
freedom, and prosperity. Recently, however, this perceived symbol of a higher society has been
directly attacked by those who strongly disagree with the values projected by the United States. This
is the first time since the Cold War that the stance of America has even been questioned. The most
deliberating issue resulting from this atrocity has been how America should retaliate, or if the US
should even retaliate at all. Within the past few weeks this question has been answered by actions
from Washington. This action, however, has caused the emergence of even more questions. There
are many deeply rooted problems to address that go ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Osama bin–Laden and his supporters have claimed their hostility toward the West is partly a result
of the United States' past support and involvement with Israel. U.S. involvement began during the
conflict between Egypt and Israel, Great Britain, and France when their diplomatic intervention
persuaded the countries to withdraw. The United States, however, continually supported Israel by
aiding them financially and militarily. Israel proceeded to engage in the Six Day War of 1967, which
caused the oil producing Arab States to issue a 15 percent reduction of oil production and an
embargo of shipments to the United States. The October War soon broke out in 1973, and the same
countries issued yet another reduction, this time a 25 percent reduction, causing the United Nations
to call a cease–fire. The Arab nations and Israel both refused direct diplomatic relations with one
another, solidifying their conflictual positions. American administrations however became intent on
breaking the diplomatic barriers between the two groups. This brought the Arab nations and Israel
into the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Large advances in the
acclimation of peace were facilitated by America's Henry Kissinger in 1973. The Camp David
Accords were drafted, facilitated by U.S. President Jimmy Carter, and Israel and Egypt were
promised large amounts of amounts of military aid, and the two countries signed a peace

World War II And Japanese Peoples
years, I had come into contact with a group of Chinese and Japanese people, and I expect that the
Japanese have evolved intellectually and morally, but the Chinese have remained the same (Al–
Arabiya 2014: comment 9). Al–Sharari, by mobilizing his fictive history as a source of his
racialization of the Chinese and Japanese peoples, he references World War II and other armed
conflicts, as stages of their barbarisms and savagery, particularly in manslaughter. He further
supports his imagination by claiming a first–hand experience and encounter that validates his
reading of history. In which one of the races–the Japanese– has progressed out of its savagery, and
the other–the Chinese–has not come out of its blood thirst. In this erasure of everything that
contradicts his racialized history, he iconizes killing methods as an evidence of barbarity.
A commentator named Iraqi, under the title, Soon, said, "Thousands of bearded men, who have not
washed [their bodies] for decades, will flock to China because originally it was predominantly
Turkistani. But the Han, who are a minority, usurped the rule and begun raping the Turkistanis'
wives and blowing up their markets and killing every Turkistani who cooperate with his
government! Welcome to our world, which is beautiful by the way" (Al–Arabiya 2014: comment
17). In this cynical comment, Iraqi constructs a China, that is originally 'Turkish' and invaded by the
'Hans.' Despite the obvious fallacy of this wild imagination, he predicts a

The Arab League 's Purpose
The Arab League 's Purpose is to strengthen the relations between member states, coordinate
policies, and be a safeguard to independence & sovereignty. The organization also has to purpose to
serve as an actor to close co–operation between member states on certain issues that may arise. The
following matters that the Arab League oversees are any economic or financial affair; this includes
commercial and customer relations and currency. They also have the power to be an actor in the co–
operation of communications between membered states. Communications contain railroad, roads
and navigation matters. The extraction of criminals and issues with nationality or passport also fall
under the acting power of the Arab League. If any of these matters lead to disagreements with
membered states of the League, and it results in aggression or the threat of aggression, the
threatened state may demand convocation of the council. This is how the Arab League serves as a
forum. The task of the council is to decide what means are necessary to guarantee peace & security,
and to regulate co–operations in social & economic relations. Each member has a single for in the
forum, regardless of the number of representatives. If a state is threatening another state, and can
lead to war, the threatening state does not get a vote when the council mediates the differences. If a
decision is unanimous between all the voting members, the decision of the council will be binding to
all membered states. If

COMPETITOR OF STARBUCKS
COMPETITOR OF STARBUCKS
There are the known international company that become the competitor for the Starbucks. There are:
Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf
The endurance and popularity of The Bean, as it is affectionately referred to by devotees, can be
attributed to the high standards that were established from the beginning. From trend–setting drinks
like the World Famous Ice Blended, to the employees who become a part of the communities they
work in, The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf ® has discovered the formula for a successful coffee and tea
company.
San Francisco Coffee
The company that serve fresh coffee sourced from the best coffee farms on this green earth and the
roast master, uses company to concoct blends and roasts that have the people ... Show more content
However, Starbucks also need to learn about the culture among the country. Starbucks is
International product and well known. Some of the country most prefers tea compare than coffee.
That means , that is one of the challenges for Starbucks to come out with variety of product.
Health consciousness of people also influences company to come out with healthy product for its
customers. They need to plan new product that concern about the good healthy. It will provide
opportunity to Starbucks to expand its business.
Technological factors
The fourth factor which shall be kept in mind while evaluating the macro environment for Starbucks
refers to the technological aspect. Starbucks being one of the reputed coffee houses had a robust
distribution strategy which helped them to stay ahead of the competition.
Starbucks try to variety their distribution strategy within use the internet and mobile application.
Starbucks launched a mobile payment system. This technological advancement helped the
customers to pay while sitting at the store with the help of their smart phones.
Starbucks also launched an I–phone mobile payment application. With this application, the
customers would be able to have an access of their favourite Starbucks card application. The use of
technology will help the enterprise to break through the various distribution channels & be a step
ahead of its immediate competitors.

MICRO ENVIRONMENT
The micro environment factors are

The Impact Of Land Ownership On The West Bank And Gaza...
The First Intifada was the 1987 Palestinian revolution against Israel. It was an uprising that was
sparked from decades of political and territorial tension in the West Bank and Gaza. There were
triggers immediately prior to the Intifada that sparked the heightened reaction however much focus
needs to be placed in the long term causes prior to December 1987 to explain the First Intifada.
Following the Six–Day War, Israeli settlement and presence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip
formed a constant tension and unrest between Israelis and Palestinians. It is also important to
recognise the climate of economic adversities and low quality of living conditions for the
Palestinians due to Israeli focused government policies. This essay will discuss the importance of
land ownership in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as the source of mounting frustration by
Palestinians against the Israelis. It will also discuss the rekindling of Palestinian nationalism that
was especially prominent throughout the Intifada.
While specific events may have sparked the First Intifada, it was the overt and underlying tension
between the Palestinians and Israelis that were the foundation for the tension in 1987. This essay
will focus specifically on the tension that was caused by Israeli land ownership in the West Bank
and Gaza Strip.
The dispute of land tenure and occupation was the most extensive and enduring cause of tensions
surrounding the First Intifada. At the point of the First Intifada there was a

The Settlement Of The Israeli Essay
The settlement of the Israeli started with the ideology of Zionism, which is to found a Jewish–
majority nation that serves as the safe heaven for all Jewish identifying population over the world, in
its most sacred place: the father land. After the long battle against anti–Semitism and the most
traumatic experience of the Holocaust, the Jewish population was compelled to find a nation that it
would provide a safe place; such sentiment and obligation to the both physical and social survival of
the population is sound and legitimate. However, Israel, as a nation, is in a tough spot: geologically,
it is located in the Middle East, sitting on what used to be considered Palestinian territory; due to the
Diaspora, new–not wholly new, but post–Diaspora new–groups settled in the region, and the
founding of the nation is inherently in conflict with the both settler's right to live. Due to the Middle
Easternism and its hostility to the West and the Israelites originating from the West in concept [sic],
Israel's fundamental existence is threatened (Drake, ). As a result, whereas the Palestine–Israel
conflict is situated in post–Cold War era that marks the decline in the physical military front, the
foreign policy of Israel for the most part still adopts classical concept of security; alas, Israeli
government always tried to incorporate human security concerns to be dealt during the peace
processes with surrounding Middle Eastern countries, however short, which shows that the Israeli

James Earl Carter Foreign Policy
James Earl Carter, Jr. was elected president in 1977 and served until 1981. Known for morality
being his passion, Carter approached many decisions both domestic and foreign with utilitarian
ethics, hoping to do as much good for as many as he could. Carter came to the White House
determined to make human rights considerations integral to U.S. foreign policy. He did not want the
U.S. to use its influence and power for what he deemed unethical pursuits and tried to reduce the
amount of harm the U.S. did to other countries. Being president during the Cold War, Carter had to
balance the hostile relationship with the U.S.S.R and approach foreign policy with the goodness that
he did.
One example of Carter's objection to immoral foreign policy by other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Vigorously suppressing any opposition from among the traditional Muslim Afghans, the government
arrested thousands and executed as many as 27,000 political prisoners (Bennett 1999). By April
1979 large parts of the country were in open rebellion and by December the government had lost
control of territory outside of the cities (Kepel 2002). In response to Afghan government requests,
the U.S.S.R's government under Brezhnev first sent covert troops to advise and support the Afghan
government, but on December 24th, 1979, began the first deployment of the 40th Army (BBC
2009). Arriving in the capital Kabul, they staged a coup, killing the Afghan President, and installing
a rival Afghan socialist Babrak Karmal (BBC

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay
The conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Jews is a modern phenomenon, which began around the
turn of the 20th century. Although these two groups have different religions (Palestinians include
Muslims, Christians and Druze), religious differences are not the cause of the conflict. It is
essentially a struggle over land. Until 1948, the area that both groups claimed was known
internationally as Palestine. But following the war of 1948–49, this land was divided into three
parts: the state of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River) and the Gaza Strip (1).
Jewish claims to this land are based on the biblical promise to Abraham and his descendants, on the
fact that this was the historical site of the Jewish kingdom of Israel (which was ... Show more
Following World War II the British requested that the recently established United Nations determine
the future of Palestine. After investigating the cituation, they came to an agreement that the country
would have to be divided in order to satisfy the needs and demands of both Jews and Palestinian
Arabs. Jews had acquired by purchase 6 to 8 percent of the total land area of Palestine amounting to
about 20 percent of the arable land (7).
The UN partition plan divided the country in such a way that each state would have a majority of its
own population, although some Jewish settlements would fall within the proposed Palestinian state
and many Palestinians would become part of the proposed Jewish state. The Zionist leadership
accepted the UN partition plan, although they hoped somehow to expand the borders allotted to the
Jewish state (4). The Palestinian Arabs and the surrounding Arab states rejected the UN plan.
Fighting began between the Arab and Jewish residents of Palestine days after the adoption of the UN
partition plan. The Arab military forces were poorly organized, trained and armed. In contrast,
Zionist military forces, although numerically smaller, were well organized, trained and armed. On
May 15, 1948 Zionist leaders proclaimed the state of Israel. Neighboring Arab states (Egypt, Syria,
Jordan and Iraq) then invaded Israel claiming that they sought to "save" Palestine from the Zionists.
The war ended ended in 1949 (8). The country once

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