History Of Commonwealth Facilities Used For Commonwealth...

History Of Commonwealth Facilities Used For Commonwealth...
The Landcorp as land authority trading in Western Australia has granted approval from minister of
planning in July 2008 for redevelopment plan Perry Lakes sport facilities used for commonwealth
games venue in 1962 to become a new residential area. The Landcorp proposed to subdivide the
area to build four type housing with a unique characteristic. The character of the building could help
the redevelopment to achieve the goals which will believe to benefit the existing community for
example a sport facility in AK reserves would have new funding to increase facilities from Perry
Lakes redevelopment land sale. However, the special characteristic of the area including some
features of former Perry Lakes sport facilities that become iconic and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The site is located opposite CSIRO office and UWA Sport Park to the south. The site adjoins with
existing low density residential area in the north and in the east while the west area faces Perry
Lakes reserves. Retail and commercial services for example Floreat forum shopping centre is around
1.5 km to the north of the site while the education facilities for future resident is around 1 to 2
kilometres to the site. In addition, the Underwood Av and Brookdale St have the primary street
which connects site location to Perth CBD and Claremont rail station by public transport.
The existing building in the area is sport facilities such as stadiums, athlete guest house, trees, track
lane, score board, etc. The proposal suggests that mature trees in the area will preserve as much as
possible and the historical value of the area is considered to retain, such as score board, tracking
lane and street name as a landmark for the site. The proposal will build 4 types residential dwelling
and apartment which is divided into 12 precincts. Each type would have a special characteristic. The
Garden Belt has characteristic as low density residential with more open space and the location
adjoins with existing open space area around perimeter development that faces existing residential
area. The track and field for terrace housing is located around the former running track. International
Style would take a small area in the centre of the
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Inga Clendinnen Sparknotes
The author, Inga Clendinnen, aimed to reconstruct the story of the European and Australian
interaction from both perspectives compared to one point of view. Since authors often make one
interpretation and discuss their view in their novel, her intention was to be mutual on both sides, so
the reader can gain an understanding of how each group interpreted the actions of the other's race
and ethnicity. While many novels tell the story from the perspective of the European viewpoint only,
Clendinnen wants readers to view the story from the role of Indigenous peoples rather than the
Europeans. However According to Ani Fox (2006), who reviewed this book in her Journal of World
History, she states that all her sources were British natives and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to Marilyn (2012), Clendinnen tells the story in fascinating way by drawing from
anthropology and historical skills. She explores the cultural patterns, cultural divide and
assumptions to give the reader a deeper understanding of the main event.
A main strength of this book is the authors eye for non–judgment, detail, discussing human behavior
through power. An example of this would be an incident when the governor was injured in the
novel. The governor was wounded by a spear thrown at him and the British interpretation was that
the British believed an Australian naïve threw a spear at the enemy in simple panic (M, 2012).
Clendinnen does not agree with this interpretation because there are not enough details to verify the
reason. The explanation is based off an assumption and the reputation of the Australian natives that
the British believe in. Even though Clendinnen does not know the motive behind the throwing the
spear she does suggest an explanation based off Australian history where Australians performed a
ritual to humble a person who had hurt them without destroying their larger alliance with him (M,
2012). Clendinnen also paints a picture for the reader with her vivid choice of words. With detail,
she discusses the viewpoint from an Australian native hiding a bush observing the new people
stepping on their land, wondering

Stereotypes Towards Aboriginal People Essay
Indigenous Australians have had a rough journey in the past, being subjected to discrimination and
being neglected by the rest of the country. They've had both their land and rights stolen away from
them and were treated like scums. Although Australia had apologised and reconciled with the first
Australians, there are still some major issues that continue all throughout the country. To this day,
they still receive racist attitudes, there are still periodic incidents of violence towards them, they
generally live in poor living conditions meaning that aboriginal people have a far higher infant
mortality and suicide rate and a lower life expectancy then the rest of the population and they make
up an excessive portion of prisons. Even though, the Australian government has recognised some of
these factors, its evident a change is still needed, and fast.
Negative views and stereotypes towards aboriginal and Torre strait islander people continue to
regulate throughout the country due to race and past perceptions. Native people feel misunderstood
and inferior ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overcrowding in homes is a major downside to the aboriginal lifestyle, due to: uninhabitable
houses, choice of lifestyle, low income class and not enough culturally appropriate houses.
Overcrowding routes to many life–threatening dangers such as, domestic violence caused by stress
and fighting, suicide, poor mental health, lack of safety, poor hygiene and the fact disease and illness
would spread fast. Aboriginal people make up an excessive portion of homelessness in Australia,
have a higher suicide rate than the rest of the country and have a lower life expectancy then the rest
of the population. All of these factors come to the fact aboriginal people still struggle, fit in with our
lifestyle, and with some help and assistance from the Australian government we can prevent these
problems from

Indigenous Australian Aboriginals and the Colony of Britain.
Indigenous Australians are believed to have arrived onto Australian mainlands across the sea of from
Maritime, Southeast Asia 40,000 –70,000 years ago. In 1606 was the first known landing within
Australia by Europeans by a Dutch navigator named Willem Janszoon. During the 17th century
other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts of Australia, numerous European
explorers followed, however, in 1770 Lieutenant James Cook explored the East Coast of Australia
representing Britain returning with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay, New South
Wales. Seventeen years after Cook's touchdown on the east coast of Australia, the British
government decided to establish a colony at Botany Bay.
Indigenous language contained a lot of spiritual words and beliefs, the 'dreamtime' or 'dreaming' is
their connection to the land and Earth. (Jens Korff, 2014) Students Kiarra and Karri Moseley and
Luke Bidner– "My culture is my identity. Dreamtime stories tell the life of my people. Growing
older. Hearing stories of my ancestors living off the land Becoming one with the creatures Even
though I haven't met them
I feel this unbreakable connection Through the stories I have heard. The stories that have been
passed down through generations.
These stories are living through us.
Without our culture we have no identity
And without our identity
We have nothing." (Jens Korff, 2014)
The dreaming creates the structures of society, the rules for social behaviour and the

Living in Australia in the Turn of the Century 1901-1914
How people lived in Australia around the turn of the century: * Living in 1900: * There was 3
categories in which how people lived and where they stood: * From lowest to highest it was the
working class, the middle class and the upper class. * Working class: The lowest category and lived
poorly and worked for long amounts for limited amounts of money and resources. * The middle
class lay in the middle and was the group of people in society that had bigger better houses on their
own block of land and were quite well off when it came to money and resources. * The upper class
was the highest of them all and the people who qualified to be in this category were very wealthy
and proper people. * The wealthier the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* The original Act required that individuals be over the age of 16 years and not be supported by
relatives in order for them to receive the payment * They got £26 chilling's ($52) per year. * Non–
residents and Indigenous peoples were excluded from claiming the disability pension *
MATERNITY ALLOWANCE SCHEME: * This act helped pregnant women to get benefits! * They
would get a payment of 5( $10) chilling's for every baby born * This allowance was the equivalent
to two weeks' wages for an unskilled worker at the time. * The mother did not have to be married to
get the money * However there were some things that could deny a mother her money, such as: * If
a still born baby was born * A mother would get the same amount of chilling's no matter how many
children were born. * If the child was over 3 months old the mother wouldn't be able to claim their
money. * Aboriginal Australian, Asian, Pacific Islander and Papuan women were completely
prohibited from claiming the maternity bonus! * Working conditions in Australia around the turn of
the century: * For Australia working class work was tough. * uncomfortable and dangerous
conditions * low pay and long hours. * They worked in areas which required physical labour such as
the building and construction trade, or the mechanical and maintenance industry * The

Aboriginal Health Case Study
With its colonisation history, Aboriginal people has been the discrepant population on biological,
socioeconomic, psychological, geographical and political aspects. These are believed to be the
barriers accounting for a poor health outcomes and a low life expectancy comparing to the dominant
Australian population. In narrowing the gap of inequality, cultural competency is, therefore,
essential to provide Indigenous population a holistic patient–centred care by maintaining cultural
safety and sensitivity.
Regarding to the case of Pam, this essay will discuss the social, cultural and structural views on the
current Australia Indigenous health services delivery from the findings of recent literatures.
Moreover, the preference of Pam on returning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, reported that Pam is living in a remoted community, transportation (family arranged or non–
emergency patient transport providers) should be arranged before discharge accordingly to patient's
decision. Secondly, adequacy of facilities in the chosen accommodation should be assessed in
supporting medical needs of the patient. Thirdly, summary of patient information on diagnosis,
health status and medication list should be accurately transferred to the corresponding local
community health carer. In addition, local indigenous organization should be consulted to provide
cultural safety support

Western Australia Police Misconduct And What Culture Needs...
Introduction
The main task and duty of law enforcement officers is to maintain a safe and protected place for its
people. Western Australia police is one of the eight authorities in Australia and is primary
responsible for handling the world's biggest single jurisdiction wrapping an area of 2.5 million
square kilometres with two regions, fourteen boroughs and one hundred fifty eight police posts. (WA
POLICE 2014) However, in a report last 2010 by Trever Paddenbburg of the Sunday Times, one out
of ten western Australian officers stated that corruption, improper and illegal behavior sparks within
the ranks of the WA force. The exit questionnaires revealed several negative situations happening in
the organization. The exit questionnaires are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The way of the policing part has made a culture particular to that facility. Like any authoritative
society, police society comprises of generally imparted dispositions, qualities and standards. What
separates police society from other authoritative societies are the strains that begin in the nature 's
domain. (Paoline, Meyers and Worden 2000) It is by and largely acknowledged that there is an
immediate association between police work and an "exceptional occupational society". (Chan 1999,
Skolnick and Fyfe1993, Manning and Van Maanen 1978, Reiner 1992) Loftus (2010) used the term
'sociological orthodoxy' that tackles about conventional aspects of police culture. These aspects are
discussed as: a sense of mission towards its role as a police and having the zest of crime–oriented
tasks and guarantees thrill; the gala of mannish exploitation; enforcing and engaging to the use of
force and unofficial practices; distrust; pessimism, social segregation and narrow–mindedness
towards those who challenges the rules and regulations mandated. (Reiner 1992, Bayley 1996) The
effect of authoritative society is regularly oblivious by parts of the association (Clampitt2010) As a
result, police officers may be unacquainted of the exertion of pressure that is being pushed on them
by the organisation, or the influence

The Gap Strategy Of Australia
There are approximately 2.3 million people living below the poverty line in Australia alone. What
isn't happening is ending this epidemic with the main contributors of poverty including housing,
education, employment and food security, many of those most people are taking for granted.
(ACOSS, 2012)
One strategy that is currently helping to end poverty in Australia is the Close the Gap strategy which
is aimed at the most disadvantaged peoples in Australia which is the indigenous people suffering
from poverty. (Oxfam Australia, 2015) Indigenous people in Australia are suffering and so the life
expectancies of these people is significantly lower than non indigenous Australians, in fact non
indigenous people in Australia are living 10–17 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is believed is that the government can not fully recover the liveliness of Indigenous people on
its own and therefore Close the Gap has set up this campaign to work with the community, not–for–
profit organisations and the government to make the changes that would improve Indigenous
peoples in many ways. (Council of Australian Government, 2015)
The reforms set out by the council of Australian Governments are set out with a policy framework
that works on six target goals that are as follows: Close the gap life expectancy within a generation,
halve the gap in morality rates for indigenous children under five within a decade, halve the gap for
indigenous students in reading, writing and numeracy within a decade, halve the gap for Indigenous
students in year 12 attainment or equivalent attainment rates by 2020, halve the gap in employment
outcomes between Indigenous and non–Indigenous Australians within a decade and ensuring all
Indigenous four years olds in remote communities have access to early childhood education within
five years. (Council of Australian Government, 2015)
A convention of the Close the Gap policy that is strictly being followed is the United Nations

Fred Hollows Significance in Promoting Change for...
Introduction
Good morning/ afternoon,
My name is Mary Doe and it is an honour to represent the Queensland Youth Parliament during
reconciliation week. This presentation will focus on Fred Hollows significance in promoting change
for Indigenous Australia. As you may well know Fred Hollows was an able advocate for Indigenous
health and focused much of his life on ending curable blindness among numerous Indigenous
communities.
Paragraph 1– Who is Fred Hollows and what were his main achievements.
Fred Hollows was born in New Zealand in 1929. He was not only a terrific ophthalmologist but also
a skilled surgeon and social justice activist, as he believed everyone was equal due to his respectful
and non– judgemental family upbringing. Initially Fred wanted to work in the church but later
changed his mind to medicine after working in a mental health hospital. At the age of 22, he started
Medical school at the University of Otago and then in 1965 to continue his ophthalmologic work.
Paragraph 2– Career beginnings
Fred started his medical career by attending the University of Otago Medical School in 1951, at the
age of 22. Fred held many different positions in his early career including being a medical intern, a
house surgeon and a clinician before specialising in Ophthalmology. After qualifying as an
ophthalmologist Fred worked all around New Zealand including Wellington Hospital, which was the
biggest in the country. After he moved to Australia in 1965, in the late 1960's to

Sorry Business Case Study
Roughly 24 million people live in Australia. Of this, 2.4% is made up of Indigenous Australians
(Australian Government, n.d., Population today, para 1). Due to the nature of work that paramedics
do, they come into contact with a variety of different cultures, many of which are Indigenous
Australians. Paramedics are often the first point of contact a patient has entering the health system,
this can be crucial as it sets the standard of health care the patient will expect. Establishing trust and
a good rapport is a starting point, it allows patients to have reassurance that the health system is
there to assist, cultural sensitivity is important to achieve this. When attending an Aboriginal patient
there are many aspects to their culture to bring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
55). Ensuring duty of care to a patient requires the paramedic to take reasonable care and skill in
providing a patient with advice and treatment (Curtis & Ramsden, 2015, p. 55) when there is a
foreseeable risk of harm to another (Townsend & Luck, 2013, p. 55). Furthermore, when treating
patients, such as the one in question, the four principles of bioethics must be adhered too. Applying
the four principals allows paramedics to weigh up the available choices, to decide which action best
conforms to each principal. Curtis and Ramsden (2015) recognise the four principles to be,
autonomy – respect for peoples decisions and values, beneficence – help people, non–maleficence –
don't harm people, and justice – treat like cases alike (p. 34). In addition, it is required that
paramedics follow local codes of conduct regarding gaining valid consent (or valid refusal of
treatment) from this patient. There are four elements of valid consent, these include voluntary,
informed, relevant and capacity (Clinical Quality & Patient Safety Unit, QAS, 2016). Patients must
give consent voluntarily, with no coercion and provided sufficient information (Townsend & Luck,
2013, p. 95) regarding the options for their treatment and the risks involved with refusing

Indigenous Australian Persuasive Speech
As a country we should be addressing our culture and prejudice against our indigenous Australians.
Imagine you are an indigenous Australian.
You may not think things will be much different.
But currently in 2016 our indigenous people live shorter lives, less of them are in professional jobs,
less are enrolled in our universities, indigenous Australians are over represented in our judicial
system and a very small percentage are represented in our professional arena.
So now imagine you are an indigenous Australian. Do you think things would be much different?
Good Morning Mrs Arnold, Mrs Shiels and Classmates,
Today I will be highlighting why as a country we should work together to decrease the widening gap
between Indigenous and non–indigenous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whether its to do with homework, using our time wisely or even going to the gym on a daily basis.
For most of us we have the ability and opportunity to do these things with ease. We may say "I
didn't have enough time, or I was tired etc." We chose to not do these things. But for most
indigenous Australians opportunity and accessibility is what's lacking. If you were born into an
indigenous family and lived in a remote town where there was minimal education, health care and
housing how do you think you would go in becoming motivated? You have adults around you who
have no jobs, there are no authenticated schools and education is hardly existent. Do you honestly
think you could have dreams and hope to go out and do something that matters? I know I have
career aspirations and like most of you a supportive network of family and friends, a school that
wants me to do well and every opportunity to go to university and study my profession. However, it
is easy for me to lose motivation in striving to do well even when its all in front of me. For young
indigenous children, they may think the life their parents have lived is the only choice for
themselves and therefore not try to "get off the bums and get a job". We need to stop stereotyping
indigenous Australians and help give them every opportunity to make a successful life for
themselves and their

Aboriginal Health In Australia
Aboriginal people have the highest rates of ill health than any other group in Australia. The
Australian Bureau Of Statistic (ABS) estimates that there are between 418,800 and 476,900
indigenous people in Australia (Better Health Channel: Aboriginal Health Issues ). Improving the
health status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples has been a longstanding challenge for
governments in Australia. Indigenous people as a whole, experience disproportionate levels of
disadvantage and poorer health compared with other Australians, there is a definite relationship
between social disadvantages experienced by Indigenous people and their current health status.
These social disadvantages, directly related to dispossession and characterised by ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Health is determined by behavioural, biological genetic, economic, social and environmental
factors. For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, other substantial determinants of health are
the cultural, spiritual factors and a deep connection to land (Australian Human Rights Commision).
The underlying causes of poor Indigenous health can be attributed to social and economic exclusion,
unemployment, low income, poor housing and sanitation, poor education, and lack of adequate
nutrition. Historically, Indigenous people have had little or no power to affect these factors and the
public policy decisions that affect their lives and health. In 1937, protection gave way to an official
policy of "assimilation", especially of mixed race Aboriginal people. While in effect, Indigenous
people were expected to live and become like non– Indigenous Australians. However discriminatory
policies still controlled many aspects of Indigenous people's lives, denied them equal wages and
employment conditions and the social welfare benefits available to other Australians. The
Commonwealth has only had the power to act in Indigenous affairs since 1967, and only recently
has it generally been accepted that Indigenous people should have

A Study Of A Large Coastal Development Project
In his text To the Beach: Community Conservation and Its Role in Sustainable Development Thor
Kerr presents an illustrative and case study of a large coastal development project in Southern
Australia. The framing of this coastal project is indicative of production operating under the
ideology of ecological modernization, which functions with the assumption that science and
technology can provide the solutions to ecological crisis with the help of economic agents such as
innovators, entrepreneurs and technologists (Mol 1997). Ecological modernization is accompanied
by the transfer of power to knowledgeable experts who are perceived as being best equipped to
develop appropriate solutions to ecological crises(). Opponents of ecological ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
While the project had the support of renowned sustainability scholar, Peter Newman, the NPQ
consortium responsible for the project misjudged the reception their proposed project would receive
from the nearby residents of Freemantle. Kerr suggests the failure of the development project
resulted from the local community's attachments to beaches, as being emblematic to the Western
Australian way of life. The scarce urban beaches in Freemantle provide refuge for urbanites to
escape the city, and hold important memories for Freemantle residents. The threat of large coastal
development prompted resistance from community members and was appropriated by the Green
Party to gain parliamentary power. Kerr traces the narrative of the failed coastal development
project as a major topic in Western Australian elections, as it was framed by media sources in
Western Australia, and how this project fits within the context of Australia's colonial history and
larger discourses on development.
In the second chapter Kerr turns his attention to the colonial history of Australia. Colonization
occurred using the discourses framed with maps, surveys, and language to evict and erase the
presence of aboriginal peoples. Resistance to the appropriation of land by the indigenous peoples,
referred to as the Nyoongah, living in the region around Freemantle was met with violence by the
crown. As

Fred Hollows Research Paper
Frederick Cossom (Fred) Hollows was one of the greatest Australians who had ever lived. He is
known to be one of the most caring men in history who always put others before himself to help the
world be seen as a better place.
Fred Hollows was born on the 9th of April, 1929 in Dunedin, New Zealand. He was the second of
four boys in his family and he attended North East Valley Primary School and Palmerston North
Boy's High School growing up. He did well academically but only when he was interested in the
subject and he enjoyed the Protestant Boy's Brigade, camping and tramping around the bush. When
he was young he always pictured himself to become a missionary so he went to church
enthusiastically and then sat a bible exam to find out he came first in the whole of New Zealand. ...
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The first letter told him that he failed a subject at Victoria University and the other one told him that
since he'd come in the top 100 in New Zealand in his science subjects, the University of Otago in
Dunedin would like to offer him a place in medicine. Without much time to decide as the plane was
leaving that day, he had a massive decision. One of the students at the same camp reassured Fred
about taking medicine, so he took it and sent a letter back to them on the same plane. After he
completed his studies as an ophthalmologist, he then went on to enrol in Otago Medical School. In
1961 he travelled to Moorfields Eye Hospital in England to study ophthalmology only 4 years after
in 1965 he moved to Australia. Fred then went on to work at a leading hospital in Sydney and in 5
years became the head of the ophthalmology

The University Of New South Wales : Power Pole Failure And...
University of New South Wales
POWER POLE FAILURE AND BUSH FIRE NEAR CAPE
NATURALISTE LIGHTHOUSE DUNSBOROUGH WESTERN
AUSTRALIA ON
14 FEBRUARY 2009 Assignment report
Name: Manni Zeng Student No.: 3286654 2 Content 1.
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Time and Date of Occurrence ...................................................................... 3
1.2 Incident Location .......................................................................................... 3
1.3 Notification of Incident ................................................................................ 4
1.4 Investigating Inspector ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
10
5.2.1 Failure of operation: ......................................................................... 10
5.2.2 Release of energy: ............................................................................ 10
5.2.3 Ignition of vegetation: ...................................................................... 11
6. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 11
REFERENCE ............................................................................................................. 12
3 1. INTRODUCTION
A bush fire occurred near Cape Naturaliste Lighthouse, Dunsborough on 7 February
2009. The Fire and Emergency Service Authority (FESA) informed EnergySafety on the same day
that the bush fire appeared to have originated near a Western Power
(WP) 12.7kV overhead power line (pole number 108). The fire burnt out approximately 108
hectares of bush. The investigation was carried out and completed with the cooperation and
assistance of FESA, Police and Western Power (WP). This report summarized the incident and
investigated the causes. Additionally, this report also provide some personal opinions about the
responsibility for the incident and some suggestions about prevention of power line fire.[1]
1.1 Time and Date of Occurrence
Approximately 1300 hours on Saturday 7 February 2009.[1] 1.2

Social And Conceptual Environment Of An Organization
1. INTRODUCTION
Organisation usually develops standard behaviour settings that differentiate its members from other
organisations. Organisational Culture (O.C) is defined as fundamental design of values and
hypothesis that manage how employees in an organisation behave when dealing with complications
and prospects thus forming a basis of socio–psychological atmosphere in an organisation. These
Standards pave the way for social and conceptual environment of an organization. It is centred on
mutual outlooks, principles, duties, and recorded and unrecorded guidelines established over time
and are reflected in the organisation's activities. (Smith & Dugan, 1996).Original Values and beliefs
are guidelines which function underneath the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most important objective of this report is to explain an unique concept of culture significant to
considerate managerial transformation. Firstly, a clarification of O.C which shows if organisational
culture in the organisation can be strengthened .Secondly is the presentation of concept of culture to
the organisation and its effects of change in its management. (Western Australia Police, 2014)
2. BODY ANALYSIS
2.1Organisational culture
A successful organisation possess inspired and shared values and efficient management in position
to establish healthy O.C (Victorian Public Sector Commission, 2014).O.C refers to the ideals and
opinions which monitor how people work and co–operate in an organisation and duties and practices
they exhibit.O.C is consequence of several aspects such as Stories,formalities,dialectal,arrangements
,performance of organisation, individual and structural values, vitality, and duties of leaders.O.C
influences enthusiasm .intricacy, uncertainty and variations of an rganisation.O.C is a result of
enduring process in which approach; principles and performance of people are progressively
designed. When O.C do not function efficiently, then it influences performance and conflict of
individual beliefs thus resulting in extensive administrative dysfunction. (Victorian Public Sector
Commission, 2014)
Survey carried out through questionnaires in WA police represents

Aboriginal Health Issues Essay
The Aboriginals also known as the Indigenous people are the first people's inhabitants of mainland
Australia (WIKIPEDIA). Historically, Aboriginals enjoyed better health before any invasions from
non–Indigenous peoples. They didn't suffer from any major illnesses though they did have other
type of health issues, but their life was happier and content. Everything started to change after 1788
when non–Indigenous people introduced illnesses where the mortality rate of Aboriginals population
started to increase, and this affected their life and the community
(http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health–facts/overviews/the–context–of–indigenous–health).
There are various factors that contribute to the poor health status of Indigenous people, and this is
part of the social determinants of health which should been seen in a broader context (1)(2). Factors
such as employment, income, stress, gender, education, behavioral aspects, working and living
conditions, social networks and support, are interrelated and complex, and are part of the social ...
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Miscommunication can result in severe consequences at all levels of health service planning and
implementation, research and education (tur pdf document). Factors as such can affect the degree of
understanding of the diagnoses and treatment regimes, and the awareness to disclose any lack of
understanding, can lead to staff–client communication gap (ctgc–rs27 pdf document). There are
many health professionals who fail to realise that communication gap still exists, as evidence shows
(Lowell et al. 2005; Sinnott & Wittmann 2001). Failures as such can decrease the positive health
outcomes for Indigenous patients, or even increase the risk of life–threatening outcomes (Dwyer et
al. 2011). (ctgc–rs27 pdf

Australian Aboriginal Disadvantages
Introduction
Australia's situation regarding the social disadvantage of its Indigenous peoples is not unique, New
Zealand, Canada, and the US all have Minority–Indigenous populations, which suffer today due to
ill–treatment, and persecution from their colonial masters. Australia is different, in its uniquely
negative results. Australian Aboriginals and American–Indians are similar: they were the Aboriginal
people of their lands, and their populations were decimated with the advent of colonisation, and
became segregated, treated as second–class citizens for decades. And today; even when they are
'equal' are still at a major disadvantage in most social outcomes. American–Indians and Australian
Aboriginals are different in their level of disadvantage: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Introduced in 1996, in the "three strikes" system, "strikes" were accumulated upon conviction for
burglary offences – if several burglary offences are heard concurrently, they count as one strike –
once an individual accrued three 'strikes' they were given a mandatory minimum sentence
(Wahlquist, 2015). The new legislation tightens the parameters for a 'strike' meaning that an adult
with a clean record, but has committed three burglaries in as many days would automatically qualify
for two years in jail. Peter Collins, of the Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia, said that
legislation of this nature will adversely affect Aboriginal people, as burglary is a crime driven by
poverty (Wahlquist, 2015). Aboriginal people are the most impoverished: in 2014, approximately
20% of Aboriginals were living under the poverty line (Australian Council of Social Services,
2014). In the same year, 54% of working age Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were
unemployed, supporting Mr. Collins' argument ([B] Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). Collins
also highlighted that such laws could compound recidivism rates as it would allocate a greater
prison sentence for lesser crimes: in 2015 70% of Aboriginal men reoffended within two years, and
Aboriginal boys in youth detention had a recidivism rate of 90% (Wahlquist,

Indigenous Health Inequalities In Australia
According to the 2011 census, there were 548,370 Indigenous people living in Australia making up
2.5% of the Australian population. It is known that many health inequalities occur between the
indigenous and non–indigenous population, with indigenous people being more likely to experience
a reduced quality of life. The differences between the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people and the broader Australian population occur for a number of different reasons including
differing levels of education, geographical location and genetics. Indigenous Australians have lower
life expectancy than non–Indigenous Australians. In 2007 the gap between Indigenous and non–
Indigenous life expectancy was 11.5 years for males and 9.7 years for females. Life expectancy at
birth for Indigenous males was estimated to be 67.2 years, compared with 78.7 years for non–
Indigenous males and life expectancy at birth for Indigenous females was estimated to be 72.9
years, compared with 82.6 years for non–Indigenous females. Death rates from preventable causes
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indigenous people are more likely to be obese, have higher mortality rates, higher hospitalisation
rates and higher infant mortality rates. The rate of hospitalisation of Indigenous Australians for
mental health problems was nearly twice that for other Australians. Injury, poisoning and dialysis
were the main causes of hospitalisation for Indigenous Australians. The most common injuries were
those inflicted by another person and accidental falls. It has been reported that indigenous people are
less likely to seek medical help when feeling ill, and also less likely to continue treatment of an
illness. This may be part of why rates of communicable diseases, sight and hearing problems are so
high compared to the non–indigenous

Aboriginal Tourism Essay
 Age: 21–45 Year old
 Place of birth: locally and overseas born Australian
 Disability: N/A
 education: Min. Diploma level
 first language: English, Thai, Vietnamese, Polish, Hindu, French, German, etc
 gender: both female and male
 household income: No more than $100,000 per year
 indigenous Australian: N/A
 languages spoken at home: English, Thai, Vietnamese, Polish, Hindu, French, German, Chinese,
etc
 marital status: Single, married, divorced, separated, de facto
 nationality: Australia, France, German, Italy, Poland, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, China,
etc
 number and age of children: 0–4
 occupation: Students, officials, teachers, workers
 General attitudes towards Aboriginal tourism experiences: local tourists want to explore their
local tour spots first before they travel overseas. They have grown up hearing about the local famous
tourists spots, but due to work schedule and family life, they have not found the time to travel
locally, they would like to know more about the local touring spots when they are young and fit.
 An analysis of Aboriginal tourism experiences that most appeal to domestic consumers.
Authentic personal experiences:
– Walkabout Cultural Adventures
The Daintree Rainforest, sensual fun with spectacular views and ... Show more content on
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In the same way, by land and sea as part of the Aboriginal and Islander Torres Strait way of life and
culture, family and kinship relations are the basis of Aboriginal and Islander bouquet. The narrow
social Torres People who have been able to revive this tradition, social system and the pension and
the difference they can make them to renew their ancestral links. Such as child care can be shared
between parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles and everyone teaches standards of behaviour. By this
development, the idea of extended family support to children as part of the family and

Fairness In Australia Research Paper
No, the Australia has not always been a fair nation. This was due to the settlement, gold rushes and
federation. Fair and equal means being the same and treating people equally. During the settlement,
Indigenous Australians were treated unfairly; during the gold rushes, Chinese people were treated
unfairly and Harvester Judgement in 1907 brought some fairness to Australia.
At the time of the settlement, life like for Indigenous Australians was not fair. It was due to
unintended and intended impacts, conflicts and values. Indigenous people were sent to missions and
protectorates. Here they were taught English language and customs, while at the same time being
kept away from European countries. The settlers wanted to take away their beliefs and put in their
places the settler's beliefs. Diseases such as smallpox, common cold and tuberculosis were
introduced by the Europeans settlers and had a dramatic effect on the Aboriginal population. By the
1700s, conflict between the European and Aboriginal people ... Show more content on
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There was animosity between Chinese people and the European people. The Chinese were feared
and hated by many of the European diggers. They were feared because of their different culture
including their religion (Buddhism).They also hated Chinese people because of the clothes they
worn. The Chinese miners wore baggy trousers, loose tops and large straw hats, cloth slippers and
had their hair tied in pig tails. In 1855, the Victorian Government made a law that meant only one
Chinese person/ 10 tonnes of cargo could enter. They also had to pay a tax of 10 pounds. The
Lambing Flat riots in 1861, were a classic example of the racism shown on the goldfields. In these
riots, the gold that the Chinese had mined was stolen, Chinese men hung by their hair, other tortured
and lots of looting. The Eureka Stockade was a turning point in Australia that saw a change towards
fairness and equality as did other new

Spirituality And Aboriginal Spirituality
Spirituality is a word freely used, however, a word that has many diverse meanings and many
different perspectives. Christina Puchalski, MD, Director of the George Washington Institute for
Spirituality and Health, declares that "spirituality is the aspect of humanity that refers to the way
individuals seek and express meaning and purpose and the way they experience their connectedness
to the moment, to self, to others, to nature, and to the significant or sacred." Some find that their
spiritual life is found through a connection with a church, synagogue, temple or mosque. Others,
however, may find spirituality through a personal connection with God or a higher power or through
prayer. Nature, music and art are also ways in which people seek meaning. Through adapting to ones
relationships and experiences an individual's personal definition of spirituality may change
throughout life. "Spirituality does not mean any particular practice. It is a certain way of being"
(isha) This way of being and one's own interpretation can be through aspects such as artistic,
musical, meditation, environmental, social justice or through belief systems such as that of
Indigenous Australian spirituality. "Aboriginal spirituality is defined as at the core of Aboriginal
being, their very identity. It gives meaning to all aspects of life including relationships with one
another and the environment. All objects are living and share the same soul and spirit as Aboriginals.
There is a kinship with the

Indigenous Australian Criminal Justice System
It is no secret that aboriginal Australian people have experienced endless racism and significant
disadvantage throughout the centuries in Australia. We are often quick to recognise that some of the
worst acts of discrimination in history happened in other countries, for example segregation in the
U.S, the apartheid in south Africa and the holocaust in Germany, however one of the worst cultural
and physical genocides happened right here in Australia, and today many of us choose to ignore the
ongoing stereotypes and racial disadvantage that the first Australians faced and continue to face
today. It begun with the European settlement that had a devastating impact on indigenous people and
their culture, and continues to this day with entrenched ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The over representation of indigenous people in the criminal justice system is a major social justice
issue in Australia. Indigenous people represent only 2.5% of the population, however, make up over
28% of Australia's prison population. In fact, 83% of the northern territory prison population
consists of aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people. Indigenous Australian people are 14 times
more likely to be imprisoned than a non–indigenous Australian person and indigenous juveniles are
31 times more likely to be imprisoned. Indigenous Australians also make up 1 in 5 deaths in
custody, which is a clear indication of how far this institutionalised racism extends. These statistics
are shocking and seriously concerning, considering that indigenous people only make up a tiny
fraction of the population. The consequences of these high imprisonment rates are severely
destructive to indigenous culture and welfare. Indigenous children are raised in communities in
which crime is the norm and where imprisonment is common, teaching them that this behaviour is
okay, this creates a cyclic pattern of crime amongst aboriginal

Essay on Western Music vs. Indigenous Music
Introduction:
Defining 'reconciliation' alone can be a cumbersome task. It has been defined as many things such as
"a collection of lived practices – a culture, a cultural project, a sea–change in the psyche of a nation
and a product of the imagination of the 'lunar left' (Rigney & Hemming, 2011)." The main idea one
should keep in mind when reading this paper, is the discrepancies between Indigenous and Western
worlds and the way in which they conceptualise music. When understanding music as a tool for
reconciliation, it can be defined under any of the headings stated above. The way in which
traditional and popular music is discussed in this paper can be identified as 'a collection of lived
practices – a culture (Rigney & Hemming, 2011)'. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When thinking about the music industry from this point of view, the lack of credit and exposure
given to traditional music is appalling. Traditional communities assign an array of powers to their
music such as: 'the power to heal sickness, create bountiful game, cause lightning to strike [and] kill
(Mills, 1996).'
As Allan Marett (2005) states in his text Songs, Dreamings and Ghosts: 'there is a great deal of
ambivalence within Australian society about the contribution that Aboriginal knowledge and modes
of expression can and should make to the national consciousness, ranging from those who embrace
Aboriginal ways of being in the world as the key to understanding how to be in Australia, to those
who reject them totally as primitive, inimical to development, or simply irrelevant to 'civilised'
values.' This description is a seemingly accurate account from both sides of non–Indigenous
Australian's perceptions of Indigenous Australians. John Howard's eleven year reign as Prime
Minister, and his political campaign of 'Practical Reconciliation', sheds some understanding on the
assimilationist and westernised mindset that some Australian citizens possess (Gunstone, 2010).
However, as Australia becomes more multicultural – unless the nation is content with going into a
state of ruin – acceptance of diverse cultures must be recognised and

Social Determinants Of Health Essay
It is acknowledged in Closing the gap clearinghouse that Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander population experience significant levels of health inequality when compared to non–
Indigenous Australians across many sectors (Baum et al. 2013, p. 2). This disparity is prominently
evident through discordance in the Australian Bureau of Statistics' (ABS) data concerning
Indigenous health, as well as many other literature, and is contributed to by many interconnected
and interdependent social determinants of health negatively affecting this minority. The focal point
of this research has been identifying the main 'upstream' social determinants – also referred to as
'distal' determinants – and thoroughly investigating their impact on Indigenous health. This issuing
will examine and link the following distal determinants as the primary causes for the existing
intolerable state of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health today: In its Definitions, the Centre
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP 2014) defines social determinants of health as the 'key
contributors to the living circumstances, quality of life and, ... Show more content on
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Regarding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, such a protective factor can moderate the
impact of stressful social adversities on an individual, family and community level (AIHW 2014).
Therefore, the disintegration of this factor leads to loneliness and lack of social support which
explains the higher rates of psychological distress such as depression and anxiety among Indigenous
communities (Australian Government Department of Human Rights Commission 2014). Petrol
sniffing, excessive smoking and alcohol consumption are examples of health risk behaviours which
have derived from these conditions and account for the higher rates of respiratory and kidney
disease compared to the rest of the non–Indigenous Australian population (ABS

Description Of The Bunbury Investigation
Contents Table
Introduction 2
Bunbury's category and boundaries 3
Description of the Bunbury investigation 3
Internet research– articles 3
Phone interviews 3
Observation from living in Bunbury 4
Description of the Bunbury Population 4
Existing resources in Bunbury 5
Healthcare 5
Sporting facilities 5
Other Local Bunbury Resources 5
Possible area of need in Bunbury 6
Understanding multiple cultures 6
Youth 6
Mental health 6
Conclusion 7
Recommendations 7
References 7
Appendix 1.A 8
Appendix 1.B 8
Appendix 1.C 9
Appendix 1.D 9
Phone Interview 2 9
Appendix 2.A 9
Appendix 2.B 9
Appendix 2.C 9
Appendix 2.D 9
Introduction
Throughout this community profile report on the Greater Bunbury the topic of analysis will be on
identifying the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Description of the Bunbury investigation
The investigation conducted on the Greater Bunbury used three different methods of research

gathering. Firstly, researching reliable information using ECU's online library and other search
engines such as google. The second used method was over–the–phone interviews with organisations
relating to the community. Thirdly, the method of observing, which was acquired by living in the
Greater Bunbury for over 20 years.
Internet research– articles
The method of internet research has consisted of multiple available resources. One technique used to
find appropriate information was looking through the unit's weekly information alongside the
lectures which led to finding the government ARIA. In addition, the academic articles were also
found on the ECU library inquiring about regional Bunbury. Lastly, the method of using the search
engine Google has also provided valuable information.
Phone interviews
The process of the phone interview was conducted through first researching online what companies
were available to the community. After finding relevant sources and a contact number the next step
was calling and confirming that their company was relevant to this profile. Two of the five calls did
not answer or return the call, one was not relevant to the research and two

Personal Statement Of Ielur
I am Karan Khullar and I live with my family in Kapurthala city in Punjab, India. I belong to a
neutral family. My father is a bank manager and my mother is a teacher in government school.
From my school age I developed my interest to learn computer and painting skills. I love cooking
from when i was only 18 years old. I had done my 10th from INDIAN CERTIFICATE
SECONDARY EDUCATION BOARD with 60% and 12th from CENTRAL BOARD
SECONDARY EDUCATION BOARD with 82%. I was interested in cooking from school time.
Hence, I have decided to choose hotel management after 12th Class after consulting my parents. I
am very good in Front Office and Housekeeping Subjects. I have completed my graduation from
Institute of hotel management, Gurdaspur under National Council of Hotel Management, Delhi. This
degree gives me a lot of exposure to hotel line and its various departments. My area of interest is
Front office. I have also done 4 months industrial training in Radisson Blue, Amritsar during my
degree. Besides my academic life, I have also participated in ... Show more content on
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my hometown only. Finally, I decided to prepare for IELTS exam for my further studies in abroad.
And my IELTS exam is on 10 October, 2015 in New Delhi. There are many good institutions in
India and that too very economical but seats are very low as compared to candidates who apply for
it. Most of the seats are filled with quota system (low caste) and reservation policies. In addition to
this donation system is very much prominent in India due to which eligible candidates don't get seat.
So I finally decided to go abroad in Australia country for doing my higher education in Masters of
International hospitality management from one of the renowned university of Perth i.e. Edith Cowan

Gap Statement Of Intent
In March 2008, the Australian Government and Opposition signed the Close the Gap Statement of
Intent which aimed to closing the gap between Indigenous peoples in areas such as life expectancy,
child mortality, access to early childhood education, educational achievements and employment
outcomes by the year 2031. This was a major practical strategy in which the Council of Australian
Government had committed $4.6 billion in order to try and improve early childhood development,
health, housing, economic participation and remote service delivery. Each year the Prime Minister
releases a statement detailing the progresses that has been made in achieving these targets. It has
been seen that the death rate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

Health Inequality In Australia
Here I argue in favour of the Australian government prioritising the improvement of Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander health, even if substantial resources are required to do this. This is because:
1. The health inequality between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, and Non–
Indigenous Australians is evident, (Empirical)
2. This health inequality is unfair, (Normative)
3. A national government should be an enabler of equality of opportunity, (Normative)
4. A national government should prioritise resources to the most important inequalities. (Normative)
a) Substantial resource allocation is acceptable in this case, (Normative) and 5. The health inequality
between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, and Non–Indigenous ... Show more
This utilitarian argument stems from the idea that only outcomes, and thus the aggregated health of a
population matter; the methods to achieve these outcomes are irrelevant. Consequently, a
government with finite resources must allocate resources to maximise utility so that the best health
outcomes are achieved by the highest number of people. However, I refute this argument on the
basis that the methods and the individuals affected are, indeed, morally relevant. Considering the
direct link from health to mortality, a perfect utilitarian society would lead to the most
disadvantaged populations being selected out. In the context of this thesis, this may constitute ethnic
extinction of Indigenous Australians; a result that would be morally horrific and not endorsed by the
majority of the Australian

The Origin Of The Aboriginal Noongar People
In the south–west of Western Australia lay over a dozen tribes of the Noongar people. The
aboriginal Noongar tribe is one of the largest Aboriginal cultural blocks in Australia, and their
names stems from the meaning of the "original inhabitants of the south–west of Western Australia."
The Noongar people are deeply, spiritually connected to the earth, nature, and their ancestral past
through what they call "the dreaming", or "dreamtime". For Aboriginals, the Dreamtime is how their
cultural knowledge is formed and how they understand the creation of the world, passed down
traditionally through oral telling and stories. The Dreamtime is the world of their ancestors and how
the spirits were born out of darkness. One of the most well–known deities/spirits and its
corresponding origin story is that of the Waugal, or the Rainbow Serpent.
The serpent is believed to be the first thing that moved across the land, making the paths in the land
such as dunes, rivers, mountains, valleys, and where the serpent stopped to rest is where lakes and
bodies of water were formed. The Noongar recognize the Waugal as the giver of life because it
mainly created waterways to provide for the people.
The story of the Waugal comes with a story of the creation of the earth, when it was dark, flat, and
featureless. The serpent is said to have awakened, aware of what would happen when he "becomes
real," because how could the serpent be able to shape the earth if he was no hands or feet? Suddenly,
as

Environmental Effects On Aboriginal Society
The natural environment provided the Aborigines with a significant place to perform physical
activities including; singing, dancing, hunting and playing traditional Aboriginal games. The strong
connections and relationships, within and throughout the group, provided many benefits that
enhanced the health and well being of this cultural group. The Aboriginals were associated with the
environment everyday through different physical activities that they participated in, which enhanced
their physical, mental and social strength. Their physical health was improved, as playing sporting
games can advance their stamina and inner core strength and it can build up muscle and awareness.
Their mental health was developed by, having support from family ... Show more content on
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Her social, mental and spiritual aspects of wellbeing have been majorly dented, because the students
had expressed poor behaviours towards her cultural background. Her social health was affected, as
the children would exclude her from friendship groups and class/lunch time activities. Also, they
would also assume her heritage, and use society's belief's as an excuse to exclude her. They had
misjudged who she was as a person, and blamed it on where she had come from. Her spiritual health
has been damaged, as it says in the text that she doesn't like to speak about herself and her cultural
background. This has a huge impact on her beliefs, as she has let people interfere with her own
opinion and religion; if she believes in one. Her mental health was affected, due to fact that she felt
isolated and alone because she was ignored and overlooked by her

The Impact Of Racism On The Health Of Indigenous Australians
Racism in Australia has always been a controversial element of our country and still continues on in
today's society. Our nation is a bigot country, and the history of Australia shows it continuously has
been. Racism majorly impacts the health of Indigenous Australians. The impacts reflect on the life
expectancy and mental health of the Indigenous Australians who are then racially criticised in our
health system. This paper will explore the impacts that racism in Australia has on Indigenous
Australians within healthcare, the life expectancy and the mental health.
The racism that goes on around Australia has a very serious impact on Indigenous Australians; this
impact is the gap in the life expectancy between Indigenous and Non–Indigenous Australians. Life
expectancy for native Australians is in comparison with third world countries with the probability of
death being around 20 years lower than other Australians, which has increased since 1997 (Kim
2007). The life of Indigenous Australian 's is short–lived compared to other Australians as 66% of
the deaths of native Australians were before the age of 65 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
2011). The life expectancy for non–indigenous Australian 's is 75 for males and 81 for females. The
life expectancy for Indigenous Australian 's has been the same since the 1900's with the life
expectancy of males being 56 and females 61 (Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission
2001). The gap in life probability between

Life Expectancy Of Aboriginal People Essay
Life Expectancy of Indigenous peoples
Charlotte Thain
Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders:
Indigenous Australians have a shorter life expectancy, higher rates of infant mortality, poorer health
and lower levels of education and employment than any other ethnic group in Australia
In 2008–2012, the infant mortality rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children was
almost double that for non–Indigenous children (6.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, compared
with 3.7 per 1,000 live births).
For the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population born in 2010–2012, life expectancy was
estimated to be 10.6 years lower than that of the non–Indigenous population for males (69.1 years
compared with 79.7) and 9.5 years for females (73.7 compared with 83.1).
However, Between 2005–2007 and 2010–2012, Indigenous life expectancy at birth for ... Show
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Mainstream health services often lack cultural sensitivity and remain unwelcoming places for many
Indigenous peoples. The Indigenous health workforce (doctors, nurses etc.) remains
disproportionately low when compared to the number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders that
make up the Australian population.
Government initiatives often fail to address other root causes. More than 200 years of dispossession,
racism and discrimination have left Indigenous Australians with some of the lowest levels of
education, highest levels of unemployment, poorest health and most appalling housing conditions.
In 2011 19.3% of Indigenous people were living below the poverty line, compared with 12.4% of
other Australians.
23 per cent of Indigenous Australians lived in overcrowded households in 2012–13. In very remote
areas the proportion was 53–63 per cent.
The proportion of Indigenous households living in houses of an acceptable standard (including
structural issues and working facilities) was just 78 per cent in

Aboriginal Population Decline In Australia
By the mid 1800's, the violence, disease and dispossession resulting from colonisation had caused a
dramatic drop in the Indigenous population. For many Indigenous people, the cost of survival was
very high, as they lost their culture, family, land, language and independence in the name of
'protection'.
The government assumed that Indigenous Australians' deaths were inevitable, even without the
intervention of the European settlers. Some, like the Bishop Matthew Gibney, went as far as stating
that they were "doomed to disappear". Even though Indigenous Australian's had been living in
Australia for around 60,000 years already, and the only reason for their populations decline was
because of the colonials. This led to the protection policy

Red Dog Film Techniques
'Red Dog'– an Aussie dramacomedy film released in 2011, tells the true story of a red stray kelpie
dog that existed in Western Australia during the 1970s. Set in a working mine, the "Pilbara
Wanderer" was known for his 'hitchhiking', travelling around the globe from person to person,
perusing great loyalty, adopting people and bringing the community together. This classic Aussie
movie has shown the loyalty of dogs and the sense of community spirit.
Red Dog seems to be the typical 'Aussie' lighthearted drama film, set in the outback of Australia,
where all roads lead to the pub– and in this movie quite literally. From the beginning to the end,
there is a selection of typical 'Aussie' style music, such as the classic 'Eagle Rock'. There is also
themes of loyalty and mate–ship between a man and his dog, which is common in the typical
Australian outback lifestyles.
The acting was authentic and original to the era, there was definitely a sense of Australian humor
amongst it. Everyone had really set into their characters, but still no one compares to Red Dog– his
facial expressions elevated him up from being a dog to a true Aussie character.
Aside from Red Dog being a favourite character of mine, I must say that Vanno ... Show more
Music is also used to set every mood and situation in the film– most being upbeat and happy.
Camera shots were mostly long and high angle at the beginning of the film, to show the scene, but
as the movie progressed they became shorter and more subjective. The male characters also play a
big role in creating a stereotype Aussie by again– the way they dress, how they talk, and the alcohol.
Peeto seems to fit the package of the stereotypical Australian male. He wears extremely high shorts,
singlets, and boots like most. He drinks a ton of beer and alcohol and has a pretty strong accent to
accompany. After all he charged at two

Pursuing A Challenging New Career Opportunity With The...
Career Objective
Having achieved a high level of competency as a highly accomplished multifaceted professional, I
am actively pursuing a challenging new career opportunity with the Western Australia Police where
I can utilise my extensive experience acquired in both public and private sectors, spanning more
than 20 years. Leading by example and achieving exceptional results aligned with organisational
direction, I have demonstrated a high level of proficiency in team leadership, teaching and training,
human resources, records management and general administrative duties, maximising efficiency and
effectiveness of the workplace. Confident I would make a positive asset to your team, I embrace the
opportunity to work as part of a team to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
 A cooperative and contributing team player with the ability to work productively unsupervised.
 Strong problem solving, conceptual and analytical skills with the ability to achieve positive
outcomes.
 Proven ability to multi–task with a highly developed organisational and time management skills.
 Strong leadership and supervisory capabilities with the ability to motivate and direct people at all
levels.
 Competent keyboard skills with the ability to use various software, programs and Microsoft
Office.
 Skilled and efficient in office administration and support including various document preparation.
 Highly developed research and investigative skills including the ability to make sound
judgements.
 Demonstrated capacity to read and interpret technical/engineering plans, blueprints and drawings.
 Experienced working on a variety of projects including civil, commercial and residential.
 Excellent mathematical and numerical skills with the ability to think creatively and laterally.
 Capacity to follow technical procedures, follow instructions and work without supervision.
 Excellent communication and interpersonal skills, nurturing relationships with people at all
levels.
 Proven ability to establish mutually beneficial relationships with people from diverse
backgrounds.
 Multi–faceted and knowledgeable with a strong understanding of various

Summary: Indigenous Health
There are a number of key health aspects that must be reinforced and improved for Indigenous
Australians over the following five years. Education is commonly seen to be a major aspect in
improving the health of Indigenous individuals. Education has improved over the years with
participation rates increasing and a greater percentage of Indigenous people achieving a non–school
qualification. In spite of these improvements, education for Indigenous people still remains below
the educational level of non–Indigenous individuals (ABS & AIHW 2005). As stated in the 2005
Social Justice Report, "Poor education and literacy are linked to poor health status, and affect the
capacity of people to use health information" (Australian Human Rights Commission ... Show more
Over the last decade there has been improvements, however in 2012 cardiovascular disease was
recognised as the leading cause of death of indigenous individuals and still requires further
improvement (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet 2015). Based on national surveys, there are a
number of contributing factors including, smoking, reduced physical activity, poor diet, alcohol
consumption, mental health and obesity (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet 2012). These
modifiable risk factors are preventable and need to be further managed through ongoing
management, education and health care

Indigenous Australians Face Within The Criminal Justice...
The Indigenous Experience in Australian Courts It is a commonly known issue in Australia that as a
minority group, the people of Indigenous Australian ethnicity have always been treated, or at least
perceived, differently to those of non–Indigenous disposition. This can be applied to different
contexts such as social, economic, education, or in relation to this essay – legal contexts. Generally,
Indigenous Australians face issues such as less opportunity for formal education, less access to
sufficient income, more health issues, and higher rates of imprisonment (Steering Committee for the
Review of Government Service Provision [SCRGSP], 2005; Jeffries and Bond, 2012). It is also
widely discussed that there is an overrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in the criminal justice
system itself (Jeffries and Bond, 2009), representing up to one quarter of prisoners in Australia
(Makkai and Payne, 2003; Payne, 2005). This essay will address the current issues that Indigenous
Australians face within the criminal justice system, particularly, with courts. The aim of this essay
besides addressing these issues will also be to provide suggestions or alternatives that may help
resolve the presented issues and improve the experience for Indigenous Australians in court. Even
though most studies would have discussed the overrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in the
criminal justice system, studies have actually found that in contrast with this, Indigenous Australians
are not

Traditionally Indigenous Australians
Discussion
Traditionally Indigenous Australians main form of learning was through practice, art and music
using their native language and culture (Foley, 2010, p. 176). Indigenous Australians have been
discriminated against, abused and forced to forgo their traditional way of life through assimilation
policies. Furthermore, Indigenous Australians were neglected in obtaining any form of education,
such as basic literacy and numeracy (Foley, 2010, pp. 180–182). Inequalities for Indigenous
Australians continue, creating a common stereotype in today's society (De Plevitz, 2007, p. 66). It is
the history of disposition Indigenous Australians have faced through constant degradation that
formed this stereotype (Phillips, 2005). Wyn (2009) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Australian Government plans to inject $286 million into 'Closing the Gap' policy, increasing
areas of learning, improvement of teachers, extra classrooms and a 'breakfast and lunch program'
(cited in 'Closing the Gap of Indigenous Disadvantage' progress report, 2007–08).
Health can greatly impact education; Indigenous health issues can be devastating on student's
attitudes in class, mental health and attendance. CTG plans to set up health clinics in remote areas to
help rectify the inequalities within the health system (Henderson, 2009). According to Foley (2010)
the average mortality rate of Indigenous infants is 50% above that of non–Indigenous Australians;
Indigenous life expectancy is 20 years less than non–Indigenous Australians. A high disease rate
continues within the Indigenous culture and is unacceptable for a developing country; growth for
improvement is deplorably slow and unjust (Foley, 2010).
In remote areas housing for Indigenous Australians are overcrowded and unhygienic with no
running water, sewage or power. According to the Steering Committee for the Review of
Government Service Provision (SCRGSP) paper, unfit housing promotes disease, child abuse and
neglect, are key factors contributing towards inequity for Indigenous Australians. Over the next four
years, CTG plans on improving Indigenous living conditions in the Northern Territory (Henderson,
2009). However, according to Behrendt research indicates

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