The Greatest Threat Of Saudi Arabia

The Greatest Threat Of Saudi Arabia
THE GREATEST THREAT TO SAUDI ARABIA
1LT. ALDAWEES MESHARY
MICCC 16–009
CH (MAJ) Martin, William A.
23 September 2016 "God is great, death to America, death to Israel, curse the Jews," this is a translation of the Houthi flag. They a are religious
militant political movement based in Saada, in northern Yemencalled. Houthis by their founder, Hussein al–Huthi, who was killed by Yemeni forces in
2004. This paper will discuss why Iran, working with militant organizations such as the Houthis is the greatest threat to Saudi Arabia.
We wonder, what are the implications of the fall of Sanaa on Gulf security in general, and Saudi Arabia in particular? Yemen has geographical limits
equal to 1485 km, it is the fourth Arab country after Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq, which has fallen because of Iranian support to the Houthis.
Houthis dominated Imran, then surrounded Sanaa and made demands of the Yemeni government and military as they began to see farther and bigger
ambitions. Houthis took control of the levers of government, the Yemeni Headquarters of Security, and sided with senior Yemeni Army commanders
who had been fired on treason and corruption charges. They then entered government institutions in Yemen. They took control of the oil refinery in
Marib and marched to the port of Hodeida, in an attempt to extend their influence from the west coast of Yemen up to the Strait of Bab el–Mandeb.
They also refuse to attended negotiations and are today demanding
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The Formation of Arab Nations
The Formation of Arab Nations Much of the modern political Arab world was born at the end of World War I, as outside powers divided up their
shares of territories that were loyal to their regimes. For example, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon came to exist along side the precarious state of
Palestine. By World War II, these states had begun to want independence, and the following decades would witness revolution, regime change, violence,
and, ultimately, a break from the grips of the Ottoman Empire and European powers (Provence). Today, the so
–called "Arab Spring" uprisings, ongoing
now for several years, are in part as a result of mid–20th–century political rule and administration by outside powers. In the early 20th century, the...
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Perhaps more importantly, Jordan's newest residents were Palestinians who potentially had no interest in being Jordanian (Anderson). That tension
exists to this day, as Jordan continues to host large numbers of Palestinians (Anderson), as well as Iraqis and Syrians looking to escape instability in
those countries (IRIN).
Jordan continues to serve as the place of escape for Arabs fleeing unstable places. Refugees from Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and occasionally
Egypt, live in Jordan. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq Jordan took about 100,000 Iraqis seeking temporary escape from the war in their country
(IRIN). Jordan is a strong US ally and they were the second Arab state to sign a peace treaty with Israel after Egypt. This is an enormously contentious
issue in Jordan where about half the residents are Palestinians who left their country between 1948 and 1967 (Anderson). When Jordan's King Hussein
signed the peace treaty it was a risky move. Jordan has no oil reserves, and the population tends to be pretty poor. Some Jordanians saw the treaty as an
indication of further instability rather than development. Promises of US aid money and support helped prompt the deal, but Jordanians understand
this agreement means that the US is required to continue support Jordan indefinitely (Anderson).
Other Arab countries experienced upheaval as well. Iraq, for example, has political boundaries that include two different and

Honour And Disgrace Quotes
Honour and disgrace Honour, virginity and disgrace are other issues referred to in the novel. All are interrelated in the Arab society. In such a society,
the honour of the male members of a family depends mainly on how their female relatives are looked upon. Their women should prove to be virgin on
their wedding night, and their relations after marriage must be restricted to their husbands only. In this regard, El Saadawi explains that: [a woman]
remains 'a woman' whether poor or rich, ignorant or cultured. Throughout, she is fundamentally the same since her honour does not go further than an
intact hymen and a chaste sexual life. In most cases, her downfall and loss of her honour are brought about by poverty. This is perhaps a step forward...
Although Hussain agrees to punish that man, he expresses his absolute disgust with Hamida by saying: Щ„Щ…Ш§Ш°Ш§ Щ„Щ…
ШЄЩ‚ШЄЩ„Щ‡Ш§Шџ! Щ„Щ€ Щ
ѓЩ†ШЄ Щ…ЩѓШ§Щ†Щѓ Щ€Ш±Щ…Ш
Є Ш§Щ„Щ…ШµШ§ШЇЩЃШ§ШЄ ШҐЩ„Щ‰ ЩЉШЇЩЉ
ШЁШ§Щ„Щ…Ш±ШЈШ© Ш§Щ„ШЄЩЉ Ш®Ш§Щ†ШЄЩ†ЩЉ Щ„Ш®Щ†Щ‚ШЄЩ‡Ш§ ШЁЩ„Ш§ ШЄШ±ШЇШЇШЊ Ш«Щ…
Ш°ШЁШШЄ Ш№ШґЩЉЩ‚Щ‡Ш§. Щ€Ш§Ш®Ш
ЄЩЃЩЉШЄ Ш№Щ† Ш§Щ„ШЈЩ†ШёШ§Ш± Щ‡Ш°Ш§ Щ‡Щ€ Щ…Ш§Щ
ѓШ§Щ†
ЩЉШ¬ШЁ ШЈЩ† ШЄЩЃШ№Щ„Щ‡ ЩЉШ§ Ш±Ш·Щ„. (Mhafouz 1985: 305) Why didn't you murder her? If I were in your position, I
wouldn't have hesitated a minute. I'd have throttled her on the spot and then butchered her lover and disappeared ... That's what you should have done,
you fool! (Mahfouz. trans. Gassick 1975: 239) Warum hast du sie denn nicht getГ¶tet? Wenn ich an deiner Stelle gewesen und durch Zufall der Frau
wiederbegegnt wГ¤re, die mich verrate hat, hГ¤tte ich sie aud der Stelle erwГјrgt! Dann hГ¤tte ich mir ihren Liebhaber vorgeknГ¶pft und den erledigt.
Und dann wГ¤re ich natГјrlich abgehauen! Das hГ¤ttest du machen mГјssen, du BlГ¶dling! (Machfus. trans. Kilias 2015:

The Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional...
1The Regional Development Organization, RCREEE RCREEE or regional center for renewable energy and energy efficiency is an inde–pendent,
intergovernmental and not for profit organization that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member states are Arab countries and it
aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the member states countries and the whole Arab region. It
collaborates –on regional basis– with decision makers, NGOs, governments, international organizations, private businesses etc. trying to achieve its
regional goals and objectives in a specific working areas. It works in specific areas: research and development, policies and regulations, capacity
development, private... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.2RCREEE's Approach The center developed KPIs or key performance indicators to keep an eye on the ac–complishment of its goals and objectives
and to measure the success of its different activities with the member states. These quantitative metrics and indicators are as–signed for each area of the
main five core results areas that help member states keep tracking, managing and benchmarking its local performance versus any other country in the
region or in the world (RCREEE, 2016c). The main five core impact areas are as following: 1.2.1Facts and Figures The center provides member states
with accurate facts and figures based on a high accurate analysis of data retrieved from accredited resources through a strong coop–eration and
partnerships with different local governorates. 1.2.2Institutions The center work closely with local institutions in the member states to unify the
tech–nical standards and frameworks of them which enable to decrease later on the costs of implementing new projects and make future research
more easier for analysis. 1.2.3People One of the main working areas of the center is the capacity building. The center work in this area intensively by
providing a wide range of activities such as trainings, semi–nars, workshops, internships etc. to maximize the potential of member states' people.
1.2.4Policies The center establish polices

Stereotypes in the American Media Essay
Stereotypes in the American Media
Propaganda is an effective device that is used to influence and manipulate human behavior by appealing to emotions. When propaganda is combined
with stereotypes, it usually produces negative results. A simplified view of a group of people, spread by mass communication can cause people to be
more narrow–minded and can alter their perspective. Living in the Information Age, people are exposed to a constant stream of ideas and images.
These ideas can reflect the views of those with a hidden agenda. They can also produce a generality about something that people are not familiar with,
therefore readily accept the stereotype. There are many examples of propaganda from recent times that include stereotypes ... Show more content on
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When the movie "The Siege" starring Bruce Willis and Denzel Washington premiered in 1998, it was met with protest in Michigan. Nizam Arain, who
belongs to the Muslim Community Association thought that Hollywood went too far with the Arab stereotype. He was quoted as saying: "To have the
American public aware of the existence of Muslim terrorists is the job of the news media. But the purpose of the film is entertainment" (CNN 1998).
After September 11, 2001, Arab–Americans were the targets of hate. "Mosques were firebombed, Arab–Americans were vocally abused and physically
attacked, and at least six persons of Arab descent were murdered" (Lester 2002). This can be attributed to the false stereotype that the media created
that all Arabs are terrorists, because that is what they are predominately portrayed as.
The 2003 War with Iraq also bred further stereotypes in the American media. Those who expressed the view that they opposed the war were labeled
"un–American' and 'unpatriotic' and even supporters of Saddam Hussein. The mass amount of American symbolism, from the radio waves filled with
'God Bless America' to a surge in anything that incorporated the American flag, was propaganda to encourage people to be 'more American' and unite
behind the President in

Arab Culture in Health Care
Successful Patient–Doctor Relationships with the Arab Culture Many people have seen the increase of immigrants coming to the United States.
"Census 2000 measured a U.S. population of 281.4 million, including 1.2 million who reported and Arab ancestry" (de la Cruz and Brittingham,
2000). Arab Americans are those people who speak or are descendents of Arabic–speaking populations. As doctors and caregivers continue to provide
care to those that speak English, communication between them is easy. But when this simple task is changed when there is a patient from a different
culture, it produces challenges that both parties have to overcome. Doctors and caregivers have to increase their cultural awareness and sensitivity so
that there is a good... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
136). The germ theory can be defined as "microorganisms, which are too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope, can invade the body
and cause certain diseases" (Kusinitz). Salimbene (2000 pg. 136) found that: The humoral theory of disease is the basis for the Arabs. Many
aspects of life are divided into four: the year is divided into four seasons; matter into fire, air, earth, water; the body into black bile, blood, phlegm,
and yellow bile; and the environment into "hot," "cold," "moist," and "dry." These illnesses are treated with the opposite humor. Illnesses are
attributed to the extreme shifts from hot to cold and vice versa. It is also thought that the digestive system is given an opportunity to adjust to a
"hot" and "cold" food before fully digesting it (Salimbene et al., 2000 pg. 137). The cultural health beliefs are specific for the Arabs with the main
concern of the family. The family's role is to indulge the sick person and take responsibilities off his or her shoulders (Salimbene et al., 2000 pg.
135). According to Meleis (2005 pg. 52), the family is central in both society and culture. When a woman is pregnant, the woman must be satisfied
because "it is believed that the unborn child may develop a birthmark in the shape of the unsatisfied craving" (Salimbene et al., 2000). In the Arab
culture, pain is harmful and should be controlled because the family does not want to see the patient

Social Media Has Become A Political Outlet For Civilians...
With the advancing globalized society that we live in, social media has become a political outlet for civilians of the interconnected world. Through
this technological circuit, citizens are able to speak freely about the issues that concern them, giving them the ability to connect with others who
share the same perspective. Looking through a development perspective, it is evident that social media outlets, for example twitter, have lead to
major political uproar, such as the Arab Uprisings of 2011, or as popularized by the Western media, "The Arab Spring". At this time, the demands
of the protestors in the Arab region indicated their desire for greater social and economic justice and were made as a response to the growing
concern regarding the Egyptian economy's tie into the capitalist world market (Haynes, 2013). The Arab Spring was not solely a revolt against
authoritarian regimes but also expressions of a crisis caused by the imbalanced social order brought upon by neoliberal policies (Bogaert, 2013).
During this time, citizenry relied heavily on social media to spread information and promote insurgent agendas. Globalization and the technological
facets of our hegemonic society have allowed for regular civilians to become part of the political system as exemplified through the use of social
media during the Arab Spring.
December 2010 was the commencement of a milestone in the Middle East, as resentment towards the lack of freedom, unemployment, and declining
wages led to

The Role Of Believing In The Myth Of Arab Nationalism
In "The Need for Understanding the West" the author talks about the necessity for Arabs to learn and adopt Western ideologies and societies to have
a better future. Khashan praises Europe for their open mindedness, stating that this aspect of European society is responsible for them becoming the
economic and the political focus of the world. He also talks about the failures of Arab societies from foreign perspectives and also discusses how
Arab nations are viewed as failures by other nations due to their lack of successful leaders, and for not having a behavioural system that encourages
hard work, punctuality, and human rights. Finally, he asks Arabs to take a few notes from the West as a step toward modernity, but not before they
resolve their... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The steady economic growth among the leaders would decrease and the nations would be able to deal with the West and with foreign entities better.
It was also created to establish trade, because all countries would be united. The league was supposed to benefit every nation as a whole and give
them a presence in the world but the Arab states and their unwillingness to cooperate resulted in failure. Politically and economically speaking, I think
Khashan makes a powerful point when he talks about how Arab countries must be a united front. Wealth has always been an issue in the Middle East.
For example, oil is a major issue as it has made the Gulf extremely wealthy while countries such as Syria and Egypt are less privileged which causes
tension amongst leaders and the countries. Arab countries cannot be selfish when it comes to sharing the wealth amongst one another and must help
each other become stronger and

The Creation Of Historical Formation
The emergence of Arabism has been an endless debate amongst scholars. The primordialists claim Arabism is a creation of historical formation, whilst
on the other hand, the modernists refer to Arabism as a product of modernity. Similarly, the end of Arabism is also contested. The orthodox position
argues Arabism ended following the defeat of 1967 and the death of Gamal Abdul Nasser, President ofEgypt between 1954–70 (Ajami, 1978).
Whereas, Kramer (1996) states the rise of political Islam weakened the effectiveness of Arab unity. In more general terms, Arabism may be viewed as
an idealistic concept that offered unrealistic objectives, limiting its ability to become successful (Farah, 1987). The definitions concerning Arabism can
sometimes be interpreted differently by scholars. For this essay, Arab nationalism and Pan–Arabism will be discussed as similar entities, these terms
can be defined as a nationalist desire to seek a union of all Arabs in a single state. Whereas, Arabism can be defined through more broad terms which
encompasses a common identity between Arabs, regardless of having a united Arab state or not. This essay will argue that Arabism, including Arab
nationalism and Pan–Arabism failed due to a combination of reasons. An ideology applied to an entire region, instead of a one–nation state will
prominently be accompanied with complications. Within the Arab states, there is a division of loyalties, competing ideologies and a disunited Arab
front. For these reasons,

The Difference Between the Arabs and the South and...
The difference between the Arabs and the South and Southeast Asians! The lure of regionalism– a belief in regional co–operation and integration as a
method to advance a region's shared political, economic or security interests – has had profound effects on the foreign policies of all countries. The
conventional wisdom is that such collaborative efforts will serve as the building blocks of a future Economic Community, as well as Unions. Many
attempts at uniting as a region are informed by the experiences of the European Union and North America. But the argument is also put forward that
many regional co–operation efforts are 'homegrown', an organic development, given specific historic, political,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In order to manage emergencies caused by nature and food storage they have established the Food Bank with the participation of all countries that will
provide food security to the people of the region. They fought corruption by exchanging information on national experience combating corruption to
effectively address this problem. They have given the right for outside countries to play the role of observers in order to benefit from these external
linkages and help its economic integration with the international community. So many actions were taken in order to sustain economic development.
For example they have trained regional lawyer, judges and magistrates yearly on the "justice ability" of human rights, in order to provide justice and
equality among all the people. The establishment of the Asian Development Bank to provide financial assistance and economic stability by helping the
countries to: identify and prioritize sub regional projects; developing action programs; and preparing a needs assessment, including human resource
development, for implementing the action program in the five priority sectors. Improvements in the region and the constant growth shows us that both
associations are trying to achieve their goals and to obtain a sustained economy., and they are working together for a prosperous

Scholarly Bibliography On Scholarly Journals Essay
Definitions of terms Scholarly peer review Scholarly peer review, also known as refereeing, is the process of subjecting an author's scholarly
manuscript to the scrutiny of others who are experts and working in the same field (Ware 2013). Scholarly/academic journal Scholarly journal, also
called as academic/scientific/refereed journal or very often peer–reviewed journal, is a peer–reviewed/refereed periodical in which scholarship relating
to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for scrutiny of new
research, and the critique of existing research (Blake & Bly, 2000). Scholarly article/paper Scholarly paper/article, also called as research and
academic paper/article, is published in academic journals and has original research results and shows an entirely new invention. It is generally
based on original research or experimentation. It is written by a researcher or expert in the field who is often affiliated with a college or university.
According to Svernstrom (2014), the paper/article could be original/review/theoretical work. Emerald Group Publishing Based on its website (http:/
/www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com), Emerald is a global publisher connecting research and practice to the benefit of society. Emerald today
manages a variety of digital products, a collection of closely 300 journals, more than 2,500 books and over 450 teaching cases. It covers sixteen major
areas as follows:

Cities of Salt by Abdul Rahman Munif
Short Essay – The Post Colonial Arabic Novel "Cities of Salt" Cities of Salt has often been read as at once an elegy for a disfigured space and
society, and a chronicle of its transformation. How does Munif represent the encounter with and effects of global capital and its arrival? How are
tradition, traditional social ties on the one hand, and the encounter with the foreign other represented? What are the limitations and potential problems
of attempting to write such a work? Elaborate! Abdelrahman Munif, a Jordanian born Saudi novelist, wrote a novel called 'Cities of Salt'. It is a
monumental novel that tells the story of the discovery of oil. Encountering the vicious arrival of the global, political and economic modernity to an
unnamed Persian Gulf kingdom is the main point of Munif in this novel. Munif described the migration of the villagers as their traditional lands are
destroyed, and their way of living is thrown into disarray by the foreigners – Americans, through invasion of modern technology, cultural gaps, and a
whole new bunch of the local economy. He has exercised an unconventional format in novel by declining a clear protagonist or even its mixture.
Leading characters of the novel in its first dozen chapters are gone by the final third of the book, despite the formation of main characters. The valley
that is destroyed in the beginning and later the town of Harran that goes from a backwater to booming oil valley or town. Where the novel's all fiction

The Local Demand Of Israel
For over four decades, the local demand in Israel played a crucial role in the country's industrial expansion. As the nation's population rapidly
expanded and living standards rose, so did the industrial base. Subsequently, over the recent years, global demand for advanced technology from Israel,
software and electronics has played a key role in stimulating Israel's industrial growth. The government's emphasis on research and higher technology
has led to a new country's new high technological status. The government also has a policy of offering low–interest loans to airing inventors and
companies from its annual development budget. The industries are however faced with one key limitation, which is the scarcity of energy sources and
raw ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Teva Pharmaceuticals– Founded in 1901, Teva is a large Israeli pharmaceutical company based in Petah Tikva. This company focuses on generic and
proprietary products. They are the largest generic pharmaceutical manufacturer in the world and the 15th largest pharmaceutical company. This
company has operations in 5 continents and is listed in the NYSE and in the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. Teva Pharmaceuticals has 4 facilities in
South America, 12 in North America, 8 in Asia, 2 in Africa and the bulk of their representation is in Europe where they have 35 facilities. Teva had
20.3 billion dollars of revenue in 2012 and a Net income of 1.9 billion in the same year. They employ 46,000 people and have had rising stock prices in
2014(Currently $51).
Another powerful and important company in Israel is Check point software technologies Limited. Check Point focusses mainly on IT. They
specialize in IT security, a field that includes all of the security responsibilities of a fully functional IT system. This includes network security
systems, endpoint security, security management and data security. Check Point has its headquarters in Tel Aviv and has 2900 employees in total.
The company revenue for 2013 was 1.394 billion dollars and the net income was 652 million. Check Point (CHKP) is currently traded at $71.26 and
has been showing incredible growth over the past 12 months as the stock was at 56 dollars around the same time last year.

The Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional...
1The Regional Development Organization, RCREEE RCREEE or regional center for renewable energy and energy efficiency is an inde–pendent,
intergovernmental regional policy think tank and not for profit organization that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member states
are Arab countries and it aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the member states countries and the
whole Arab region. It col–laborates –on regional basis– with decision makers, NGOs, governments, international organizations, private businesses etc.
trying to achieve its regional goals and objec–tives in a specific working areas. It works in specific areas: research and develop–ment, policies and
regulations, capacity development, private investment promotion and technical assistance. RCREEE setup is sponsored and financed by the member
state contributions, GIZ, DANIDA and NREA (RCREEE, 2016a). 1.1Vision and Mission RCREEE has very ambitious vision and mission that
inspire a lot of stakeholders who cooperate with RCREEE to achieve a more sustainable region (RCREEE, 2016b). The vision and mission statements
respectively are: "The energy systems in the Arab region are characterized by a significant share of renewable resources and a highly–efficient use of
energy." "To initiate regional policy dialogues and promote strategies and partnerships favora–ble to renewable energy and energy efficiency
investments in the Arab member states." As

The Right Side of History
Unrest in the Arab World
Will the United States be on the right side of history?
The Right Side of History? The wave of demonstrations, uprisings and revolutions in North Africa and the Middle East has presented the United States
with a complex set of diplomatic problems. While a key component of U.S. foreign policy is promoting and supporting democracy, it is vital to U.S.
interests that the Middle East remains relatively stable. A truly democratic Arab world is a new concept, and is one that has yet to show its true colors.
If the result of the Palestinian Authority legislative elections held in January of 2006 is any indication of what may evolve in the region, the U.S. has
plenty of cause for concern. The elections, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shortly after the protests began in Tunisia, a wave of protests and demonstrations swept over the Arab world, from Algeria to Yemen, with few
countries being exempt from the movement. Leaders of wealthier countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Oman and Bahrain, offered economic concessions to
stave off unrest. Other leaders offered minor political concessions. Yet the protests continue. The Egyptian Revolution, which began with protests on
January 25, 2011 and lasted for 18 days, became a media sensation watched worldwide. Not only conventional media, but social media as well. Social
media played an unprecedented and important role in Egypt, changing the face of revolutions forever. Unlike Tunisia, a marginal actor in the region,
Egypt is the most populous, and one could argue, the most important country in the Middle East, at least in terms of maintaining stability. The U.S.,
which had backed the Egyptian government militarily since 1979 and had friendly relations with Mubarak, was faced with tough diplomatic decisions.
Many foreign relations experts agree that the Obama Administration did a reasonable job handling the tricky situation. Once Mubarak stepped down,
without the major bloodshed that would have occurred if the military had attack its own people, the U.S. appeared to have been on "the right

Cultural Narratives Influence On Society
In the short amount of time that humanity has inhabited this planet, we have managed to leave a bigger imprint than any other species. The human
population is well over 7 billion individuals and the presence of humanity is extended to all four corners of the globe. As a result of the large
population, intellectual superiority, and the wide range of human existence, humanity has naturally transformed into a diverse populace. Consequently,
cultural narratives are prominent in our daily lives and play a role in shaping our social interactions, opinions, and lifestyles. The influence of cultural
narratives have only expanded with the growth in technology. Technology provides a platform for individuals to be connected with regions on the
opposite side of the globe within seconds. This advancement has led to the widespread dispersion of cultural traditions and tendencies. This is evident
in the news, social media, and other media platforms. Different cultures have developed different beliefs about what "norms" are and abide by those
beliefs. If someone falls out of the lines of normality, most people immediately formulate an ethnocentric mindset and begin to create opinions that that
person's culture is inferior to their own.
My family and I are especially aware of the degree of influence that cultural narratives have on society. The reason why cultural narratives have such a
considerable influence in our daily lives is due to the fact that we originate from a Muslim background.

Essay Review Of ?Lawrence Of Arabia?
Review of 'Lawrence of Arabia'
The movie Lawrence of Arabia had many interesting aspects about it and, according to sources, is very historically accurate. Taken place during
WW&#61513; with the feud between British and Turkish forces over the Suez Canal, the movie reflects a life of an individual who tries to do
something about the injustice of the Arabian people. David Lean depicts Lawrence or El Lawrence as the tragic hero of the biography in order to make
the story more enchanting to the reader.
Lean depicts Lawrence as the classic tragic hero by first making him of noble race. Lawrence himself is enrolled in the British army and is stationed at
Cairo. Lawrence, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another trait of a tragic hero that Lean depicts Lawrence of having is a tragic flaw. Lawrence's tragic flaw is quite obvious in this biography, it is
simply that he believes he can make Arabia an independent state. Little does Lawrence know, because it would seem almost impossible to make
all of Arabia agree under one government. Lawrence is displayed as a tragic hero who's only wish is to promote the miracle of Arabian
independence. He tries to show the world as well as the British that the Arabians are worthy of independence on a number of occasions. First, he
takes fifty warriors from Prince Feisel across the Nefud Desert to Aqaba to take it from land where the Turks would not expect it. Lawrence does this
to show everyone that the Arabians are not worthless and deserve and independent state. To the amazement of everyone he makes it across the Nefud
Desert and takes Aqaba with the help of a local tribe. Another incident(s) of Lawrence trying to prove the worth of the Arabians is the ambushing of
trains. In order to prove the worth of the Arabians, Lawrence tries to involve them in the ambushing of trains, to prove they can survive on their own.
To his dismay, the Arabians show him just what is going to happen when, after they loot the trains and take everything they need, they go home.
Lawrence's last two traits of a tragic hero are that of recognizing your flaw and dying as

The Limits of Identification
The Limits of Identification
Identities are prescriptive representations of every society's members themselves and of their relationship to each other. The "limits of identification",
thus divide social prescription of identity into two categories, prescriptive accounts of members themselves which is their personal identities, and
behavioral prescriptions for the proper enactment of these identities which is society's norms or behavioral norms that require individual's to be
identified and act in certain ways. In the three passages, "Selections from reading Lolita in Tehran," by Azar Nafisi, "On Becoming an Arab," by Leila
Ahmed; "Selections from Losing Matt Sheppard," by Beth Loffreda, the "limits of identification" are introduced based on gender, race, and sexuality
as main factors used to classify the characters in the readings and pose their identity which led to prejudice, discrimination, and limit their lives based
on general stereotypes. "Limits of identification," therefore are general ideas used to distinguish individuals who are different in some ways from the
rest of society, because they belong to a certain gender, race, or act in certain ways that is different from the set of social norms. According to Ahmed,
Nafisi, and Matt's life experience, hence, the potential "limits of identification", are their societies' norms and beliefs that are reinforced on them.
These norms and beliefs allow every society and every individual to marginalize these characters based

An Analysis of the Arab League Essay
The Arab League: What Could Have Been But Never Was
Introduction
In an increasingly globalizing world, many problems that face humanity are of global concern and as such, require international co–operation in order
to effectively combat issues such as terrorism and nuclear disarmament (Karns & Mingst. 2010). As a result, a rising need for global governance has
emerged in the realm of international relations and policy as states search for ways in which they can manage their affairs (Karns & Mingst. 2010)..
This has prompted many international and transnational organizations to be formed by both governments and private individuals in which, individuals
from all around the globe may gather and deal with the various issues and problems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2010). This, combined with the anarchic realm which is the international system, will lead to norms and international law having minimal effect on the
system and restraint of states (Karns & Mingst. 2010). Realists view international organizations, as being able to increase or decrease state power but
not alter the power structure between states (Karns & Mingst. 2010). They argue that it is only a reflection of the power distribution amongst states and
will never actually change or affect the inherent anarchical nature of the system and the self–interested nature of states and that states will also abandon
co–operation if it will serve them more (Karns & Mingst. 2010). . These two theories will be the standards which the Arab League will be compared too
as we shall explore the structural implications, history and policies of the organization and the extent to which they conform with Realist and Liberal
assumptions on the effectiveness and relevance of international organizations in international relations.
History of the Arab League
Egypt, Jordon, Iraq, Syria, Saudi–Arabia and Lebanon formed the Arab League in March 1945. Yemen later joined the league in the following May of
that year (Owen, 2004). The League was originally a British idea, which sought to protect their interests within the region during the Second World
War, in an

Using Breaking Free Of Old Ways Of Thinking Outside The Box
"Thinking outside the box" is a common idiom used to express the idea of breaking free of old ways of thinking. In a real sense, the walls of the
box are the borders of our thoughts. Moving past those barriers is considered not only a good thing, but a necessary thing. Yet this is not only about
travel. I could have stayed in my home country to study, but I chose instead to bet on myself and apply internationally. As a result I was offered a full
paid scholarship. And took this opportunity to place myself as far from my comfort zone. I wanted to not just think outside the box, but exist entirely
outside of it.
Saudi Arabia, where I am from, has one of the largest economy in the Arab world. And its fast–growing economy allows it to be a solid ground for
many investing activities. I grew up in a family business that really provided the core of my belief in business and in ones ability to grow and operate
important businesses that can compete and be successful.
I think I've inherited my passion for learning besides the insatiable curiosity which has served me well throughout my childhood, school years and
academic career from my father, an international businessman. He taught me to explore the world, constantly seeking to learn more, and to make an
effort to understand more. I watched him for hours as he worked on his meetings, and I also helped him with contracts, presentations, and marketing
proposals growing up. I was fascinated by business and wanted to know how and

Why and How Arab Spring Became Successful? Essay
Why and How Arab Spring Became Successful ?
The progress of Tunisian Revolution started with a police officer's knocking
Fadiye Hamdi and seizing his bench and then Muhammed Buazizi, who is an
Tunisian young man, burning himself and die in the hospital. The groups that
attended to the funeral of Buazizi protested the regime and Zeynel Abidin, who
stayed inefficient to had to resign after the many deaths resulted from conflict.
Zeynel Abidin's leaving the country caused the first flames of Arab Spring,
which caused a striking exchange progress of the governments and Tunis
became the first country suffering from that. During this first exchange period,
the head of old council (Muhammed Gannusi) became the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
14.800 people, including people
from America and EU, observed the selections and according to their reports, the
election process occurred in a peaceful and democratic way.
The results of Tunisian Revolution and Elections

Tunis, which is known as the start point of public rebellion influencing all
Arab world deeply, had its first elections in 23 October 2011. Tunis, which firstly
got colonized by France and then ruled by Habib Burgiga and Zeynel Abidin for
really long times, gave its people to the chance of electing their own presidents
for the first time and En–Nahda was chosen.
Election of 23 October should be accepted as an important step for shaping
inside and foreign policy of ''The New Tunis''. There would be significant effects
of this both for Arabian World andMiddle East. Therefore, Tunisian elections
shouldn't just be look from the point of Tunisian view but also from regional
view.
The process of Tunis' rebuild was the beginning part of Middle East's re–
shaping steps and despite all the differences, it can be accepted that it followed
the same path with other countries. It is undeniable fact that in the period of
after election process, the country's colonization history, previous oppressive
attitude and international relationships built by Bin Ali will affect the
determination

The Pros And Cons Of Humanitarian Intervention
Humanitarian intervention has brought as much help and support to the world as it has brought unrest. The nature of intervention involves another
actor intervening in another state. Therefore, sovereignty becomes conditional. When and how to intervene is one challenge. Many countries deploy
military forces into conflict zones or diplomatic tools. The UN deploys Peacekeepers, unarmed forces. Timing still remains a contested issue, when to
arrive and when to leave. In addition, many interventions lack a consensus from regional or international actors, for example, the recent US–led
intervention in Libya. The African Union was against it; but, the Arab League was for it. International organizations and states should create an
in–depth comprehension of the situation and a coherent, concise plan, including a timeline, objectives, and exit strategy, when conducting a
humanitarian intervention. In the early 1990s, Somalia was facing a famine outbreak. There were signs of a potential civil war. The US marines
provided famine assistance in December 1992 (Goldstein et al. 1). US troops were unprepared to deal with the political turmoil that was plaguing the
country and faced shooting skirmishes with militants groups. 18 US soldiers were killed in the "Black Hawk Dawn" incident, one soldier's dead body
was dragged through the streets (Goldstein et al. 1). This event forced President Bill Clinton to withdraw troops leaving Somalia in a state of civil war.
In conclusion, the US failed

The Formation and Actions of the Free Officers movement...
In the wake of the second World War a new military coup was being swiftly formed in Egypt by a group of junior officers. It was called the Free
Officers movement. Soon after its formation Gamal 'Abd al–Nasser as a result of a populist movement became their leader. According to the group they
launched this movement "to put an end to that corruption, ineptitude and treason" (The modern middle east p.238) that was very apparent in the wake
of the war and colonialism. As the military offices began to take control they had the tough task of having to weaken the grasp of the social elite on
the rest of the population. The effects of the elite were largely seen by their actions in parliament. This was easily seen as the large landowners who are
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nasser's influence wasn't solely in Egypt, after the success with land reform other countries in the region begin to implement similar land reform laws
allowing a middle class to emerge and greatly improving the lives of many working class wage laborers who were previously repressed.
Egypt in the 1950s and 1960s was the leader of the Arab world and under the control of Nasser they set out to solve many of the issues of colonialism.
Another prominent issue at the time was there was very little infrastructure in Egypt and the infrastructure they had exists mostly to push agricultural
commodities to market. Other forms of infrastructure were also lacking. For example, Egypt didn't have a large school system until the 1950s. There
was also economic imbalances, one of which has to do with a small upper–class of ruling elite, the other having to do with how foreign interests
capture large sectors of the economy; not a lot of industrial development, and then state–led industrial development. Land is not equitably distributed;
there was a lack of an independent army outside of British control; and the country was misrepresented within politics because of the British
involvement. Among the newly forming nation states we see Arab countries like Egypt starting to confront these issues and impart emerge as an
independent nation state. That is absolute autonomy and sovereignty over their territory. During this time there were two main

The Middle Eastern Country Of Yemen
In the Middle Eastern country of Yemen, a battle is being fought leaving much destruction to infrastructure and hundreds of lives lost. Actually it is not
so much of a battle as it is a total, one–sided bombardment of this country. This is an attempt from a U.N. sponsored, Saudi led coalition that is trying
to persuade Houthi rebels into thinking reasonably and diplomatically by bombing them back into the Stone Age. In order to fully understand what
brought the U.N. to a point of agreement on engagement of this operation, it is important to understand the recent history of Yemenand the events
leading up to this conflict. Equally important is the geographic location of Yemen, the main actors fighting over this country and who directly... Show
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The city of Riyadh was eventually forced to recognize Yemen 's republican government.
Now as then, Riyadh sees the struggle in Syria as a defining moment. As the leader of the Sunni Muslim world, it perceives an opportunity to check
what it sees as Iranian plans to encircle the kingdom with hostile Shiite–dominated regimes. As the war has taken on a more sectarian character, the
usually reserved foreign minister, Prince Saud al–Faisal, has described Assad 's onslaught against his own people as ' 'genocide ' ' and Syrian lands as
being ' 'under occupation ' ' –– a clear reference to the presence of Iranian and Hezbollah forces.
It is no secret that the Saudis are supplying elements of the Syrian opposition with weapons. They all but admitted as much when the prince said a few
weeks ago that ' 'if the international community is not willing to do anything, then they must allow Syrians to defend themselves. ' '
The Saudis will use all tools available to oust Assad, while taking measures to ensure that the weapons they 're supplying to the rebels do not fall into
the hands of extremists. Nevertheless, following the chemical attack on civilians near Damascus last month, the Saudi foreign minister spoke candidly
about the inability of the Arab nations to put a stop to Assad 's campaign through force of arms, adding that any military effort to do so would likely
involve actors outside the region. Recent suggestions that the Arab League should assemble a military force

The Ultimately Successful The Houthi Movement
Ultimately successful the Houthi movement was able to get a greater role in the Yemeni government, and even more local autonomy. This agreement
helped stave of a full–fledged civil war, but at the same time it reduced the governments ability to conduct any real political or economic reforms.
Despite this new agreement President Hadi was ever more determined to ensure no one faction gained too much power within the new federal
system. Thus he put forth his chief of staff, Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak, as candidate for Prime Minister in an attempt to help establish his system.
The Houthi leadership ultimately did not approve of the appointment, due to Mubarak's close relationships with President Hadi, so in January of this
year Mubarak was abducted at gunpoint. With President Hadi choice no longer an option, the Houthi Leadership wanted one of there own to be come
the Prime Minister. Later that month, after the Houthis rejected a power sharing deal a few months prior, and many events causing undue pressure on
President Hadi and his cabinet, decided to resign their offices. In a manor of day the Houthi rebels stormed and took over the presidential palace and
forced Hadi and his Prime Minister, Khaled Bahah, to officially send resignation letter to the parliament, which promptly declined their resignations;
but nonetheless the Houthi rebels forced them out of office and dissolved the cabinet. The Houthi rebels put both Hadi and Bahah under strict house
arrest. Hadi later escaped to

The Central Problems Of International Politics
ne of the central problems of international politics is that of cooperation or lack of cooperation. Though, cooperation is not always possible or a
welcome idea when it comes to states making decisions. Creating and claiming value are two of the most fundamental aspects of negotiation strategy
that exist, but there is tension with one another. In any negotiation, the delegates need to decide which course of action to take whether that be
competitive, cooperative, or some of both. David Lax and James Sebenius call this the "negotiator 's dilemma." It is similar to the "prisoners '
dilemma" in game theory, because this is a way of using rational choice and strategic thinking to describe situations. In a book written by D. Lax and J.
Sebenius The Manager as Negotiator: The Negotiator 's Dilemma: Creating and Claiming Value, the authors argue that negotiation includes both
cooperative and competitive elements, and that these elements exist in tension. The dilemma in this situation is in deciding whether to pursue a
cooperative or a competitive strategy. The authors suggest several strategies to resolve this dilemma, and how to encourage cooperative approaches to
creating mutually beneficial outcomes. Conflict analysts tend to view negotiations either as a matter of cooperating to create value, or as a matter of
competing to claim values. In the value–creating view, negotiators work primarily to increase the available resources, to find joint gains or "win–win"
solutions,

International Relations Essay
Introduction: At the end of WWII in 1945, Western Europe and arguably the entire world looked to the United States for a recovery plan. Great
Britain was loosing control over its colonies, France and Germany had been destroyed by the war, and the Soviet Union was gaining power. This put
the United States in a position of power, the question that arises with this is, does the United States try to gain control as the hegemonic power in the
international system? Is there a real necessity in the region of the Middle East to gain the hegemonic power in terms of U.S national interest/security?
International Relation realists would say of course there is. Within the discipline of International Relations there are several paradigms and ... Show
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These three factors all interact in several cases to support the conclusion that the post–WWII United States was in fact trying to gain control as the
hegemonic power which supports the Realist claim that states are self–interested power seeking rational actors.
Regionalism:
Intro:
Regionalism can mean two different things; in one sense of the word it is the joining of states in a geographic region to form a relationship
whether it be an alliance or just an acknowledgment that each other's policies will affect one another. In the other sense of the word it is a concept
of how to view the world. An example of this would be Spiegel's quotation of Greek foreign minister, Dora Bakoyannis, " In the Middle East, there
is no way of definitely solving an issue while ignoring the others, This is why we need an integrated strategy for dealing with the Middle East as a
whole...." In this case I will be examining the first situation, the cooperation of several states in a geographical region, and how it impacted U.S
foreign policy toward the region. According to Hinnebusch, a state's geopolitical position specifically defines the threats and opportunities it faces.
Thus, a states power position in the regional system is shaped by its resources, size of territory and population, and the strategic importance or
vulnerability of its location, shapes its ambitions. Therefore small states are more

The Arab League 's Purpose
The Arab League 's Purpose is to strengthen the relations between member states, coordinate policies, and be a safeguard to independence &
sovereignty. The organization also has to purpose to serve as an actor to close co–operation between member states on certain issues that may arise.
The following matters that the Arab League oversees are any economic or financial affair; this includes commercial and customer relations and
currency. They also have the power to be an actor in the co–operation of communications between membered states. Communications contain railroad,
roads and navigation matters. The extraction of criminals and issues with nationality or passport also fall under the acting power of the Arab League.
If any of these matters lead to disagreements with membered states of the League, and it results in aggression or the threat of aggression, the
threatened state may demand convocation of the council. This is how the Arab League serves as a forum. The task of the council is to decide what
means are necessary to guarantee peace & security, and to regulate co–operations in social & economic relations. Each member has a single for in the
forum, regardless of the number of representatives. If a state is threatening another state, and can lead to war, the threatening state does not get a vote
when the council mediates the differences. If a decision is unanimous between all the voting members, the decision of the council will be binding to all
membered states. If

Reasons For Arab Nationalism Failed
Arab Nationalism is an ideology which was prominent in the 19th century, as Arab nations began to gain independence from colonial powers. The
foundations of Arab Nationalism are based on the notions of political, cultural, religious and historical unity amongst Arab nations. One of the
fundamental goals of Arab Nationalism was to see the end of western powers in the Arab region, and the removal of those Arab governments who were
seen too dependent on western power. The rise of Arab nationalism came with the weakening and defeating of the Ottoman Empire but declined after
the defeat of the Arab armies in the 1967 six–day war. This essay will look at the reasons as to why Arab Nationalism failed making references to the
aims of Arab Nationalism.
In order to see why Arab Nationalism failed it's important to see the start of Arab Nationalism, the aims and goals and the events that took place. As
mentioned Arab Nationalism was an ideology that rose in the 19th century. Arab Nationalism was a movement that was refuting against the repressive
rule of the Ottoman Empire. When French and British industrialists set eyes on the Middle East, a diplomatic deal was put in place, the agreement made
stated that British and French imperialists would support the Arabs in their independence in exchange for Arab help in World War I. However a more
recent theory proposed by Adeed Dawisha contends amongst other things that the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire was less to do with Arab

YEMEN INSTABILITY DIRECTLY EFFETS on OPERATIONS in the...
Al–Qaeda on the Arab Peninsula (AQAP) and the strong re–emergence of their presence in the Combined Joint Task Force–Horn of Africa
(CJTF–HOA) area of responsibility provoke not only strategic concern but re–emphasizes the importance of Global War on Terrorism mission sets.
AQAP establishes training camps, strong recruiting, and bases of operations to continue jihad against the Western world emanate fromYemen.
CJTF–HOA will need to be mindful of Western policy, which focuses on degrading AQAP's leadership.Saudi Arabia's longtime influence may help
with the stability mission but to defeat the AQAP is on their relationships with tribes in Yemen may prove successful if Saudi Arabia is willing to
support such a mission. CJTF–HOA's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yemeni Government and Economic Fallout
The US Director of National Intelligence provided information about the resurgence of AQAP in 2006, which he stated for reports, was a direct effect
of Yemen's political and economic crisis. Saudi Arabia watched carefully as Yemen slowly spiraled out of control. Saudi Arabia looked at the southern
country struggling for control of internal conflicts and security challenges. Yemen currently faces enormous challenges. It has the highest population
growth in the world and is the poorest state in the Arab world. Yemeni infrastructure is depleting at an uncontrollable rate as both water and oil are
diminishing due to the overpopulation. Yemeni funded state incomes and public services wages for workers cause tribal and urban strife. The internal
conflicts result from the overpaying of government officials by external donors. The US' relations date back to 1946, establishing diplomatic ties and
openly recognized Yemen Arab Republic in 1962. The Arab
–Israeli conflict in 1967 caused a major falling out between US and Yemen.
The US Secretary of State, William P. Rogers re–established diplomatic relations with Yemen in 1973. Saudi Arabia and the US worked cohesively,
supplying arms, aircraft, and training to the Yemen Arab Republic during the civil conflict with

The Arab League Boycott Of Israel
Weiss reports that for a number of years, language has been included in successive foreign operations appropriations legislations concerning the Arab
League boycott. Most recent of which is Section 7035 of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, FY2015 (P.L 113
–235). Some of
the more important statements of the act are: (i) the Arab League boycott of Israel, and the secondary boycott of American firms that have commercial
ties with Israel, is an impediment to peace in the region and to United States investment and trade in the Middle East and North Africa; (ii) the Arab
League boycott, which was regrettably reinstated in 1997, should be immediately and publicly terminated, and the Central Office for the Boycott of ...
According to the Department of Commerce's Office of the Antiboycotting Compliance (OAC), the legislation was enacted to "encourage, and in
specified cases, requires U.S. firms to refuse to participate in foreign boycotts that the United States does not sanction (Security).
The US's reaction to the Arab League boycott of Israel lays the foundation for the reaction of states and federal to the BDS Movement. A number of the
reactions by different states including Illinois and South Carolina were discussed above. The federal regulations in an attempt to stamp the US'
anti–Arab League boycott of Israel included, the Export Administration Act of 1979 (EAA) and the Ribicoff Amendment to the Tax Reform Act of
1976 (TRA). Under section 8 of the EAA, all US persons and company were prohibited from complying with an unsanctioned foreign boycott and
require anyone who is requested to do so, to report such request to the OAC in the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). The EAA recommends
penalties for violators.
As is seen, the US has long opposed boycotts of Israeli entities. Some Members of Congress have argued the US needs to continue this trend and
enact legislation which will protect the integrity of trade as well as protect the state of Israel. In fact, it could be argued that protecting trade freedom
of Israel is the only way to protect the state as a trade isolation would leave it vulnerable and susceptible to different forms of deterioration.
In 2015

The Attacks On Saudi Embassy
The meeting discussed the brutal attacks on the Saudi embassy in Tehran where Al–Jubeir noted that the attacks were clear violations of the
international conventions, laws, and treaties. According to the sanctity of these international agreements, the Iranian government has a responsibility to
protect the diplomatic missions on their soil. Further, he confirmed that the attacks on Saudi diplomats were highly condemned by other countries, as
well as regional and international organizations such as UN Security Council, the Arab League, and Gulf Cooperation Council. He asserted that OIC
needed to issue a strict stance to Iran from its principles and other international conventions and laws. Additionally, he concluded thatSaudi Arabia was
more concerned with better relations, mutual respect, non– interference and good principles of neighborliness with Iran but the latter failed to adhere to
these basic rules.
As noted before, the Iranian aggressive policies date back to the 1979 revolution, after which the country has continued to instigate cases of sedition,
unrest, and chaos among the countries in the Gulf region. This is thought to have been a long–term effort by Iran to undermine security and spread
instability in the region completely disregarding the moral principles, international conventions, and treaties. However, despite the numerous
consequences caused by continued Iranian interference, Saudi has maintained a policy of restraint to prevent any major outburst. The

The Identity Of The Arab Nations National Identity
"Cultures in MENA are traditions, beliefs, and behaviors shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality". MENA consists of a
mix of ethnic, language, and religious groups. The diversity of these groups allow for cultures to co–exist in the region. The family is very import and
the values that come from having strength in a solid extended family allows for respect, honor, and loyalty. Religion plays a huge influence in the
daily lives of the people in MENA.
"Language, culture, social, and political, economic interests, and a collective memory of their place and role in history. The logic of nationhood is
frequently being formed and reformed, reflecting changing conditions and self–conceptions; together these deny total separation as well as complete
incorporation in the way communities relate to one another is fortified by shared images and origins" (Barakat, Halim). The national identity of the
Arab Nations national identity is said to be focused on language. Albert Hourani stated in his most famous book, "Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age"
by Albert Hourani asserts that Arabic people are more focused on their language more than any other peoples of the world." This theory is also stated
by Jacques Berque, saying "the East is the home of the word the Arabic language does not really belong to the world of men; rather, it seems to be lent
to them," and that "Arabic writing is more suggestive than informative."
The origin of Arab identity as relating

Egypt under Mubarak
Egypt plays an extremely significant role as one of the major powers in the Middle East. Egyptian force in the Arab world stems from the strength of
its cultural life which makes it extremely difficult to be ignored. The book, "Egypt under Mubarak" features essays from seven different authors, which
examine the causes and consequences of the many crises Egypt has faced. Mubarak comes into power taking upon himself the previous Egyptian
political, sociological, and economic problems left by Sadat and Nasser. The present administration attempts to fix these problems by employing
Egypt's significant resources in the forming of a distinct and effective international role.
Vice President Hosni Mubarak succeeded Sadat as president. After Sadat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The book touches on topics with a broad range from politics to economy to geography. The book is solely based on research of the Egyptian
government from the time when Mubarak took power, 1981, up until the writing of the book which was in 1989.
Throughout the book, 16 books are cited. Even though the book is based on the government under Mubarak, the writers refer to events that were held
before Mubarak was put into power which helps the reader understand the important history behind the present. After each chapter, there are
bibliographies as well as endnotes in some chapters listing the sources used in the passage. Except for the Chapter on the National Debt where his
previous statements based on The Central Bank of Egypt, Cairo contradicts his final assessment of the sum.
The writers of each section always tend to agree with the sources that they have cited. With this known, I was able to see that the writers in each
chapter took into account the other writings of scholars that wrote on similar topics. Because of the writers many sources, they are able to give an
unbiased look into the history of the Egyptian Government. They examine both the positive and negative aspects of Mubarak as President specifically
laws he passes and actions he takes towards not only Egyptians, but also the Arab–Israeli relationship, as well as foreign relations with Arab countries
and the western world. Charles Tripp goes into detail about the

Egypt more to Blame than Israel for the Outbreak of War...
There are different historical views on what really provoced the war of 1967, the Israelis would clearly blame the Egyptians and point at Nasser's
agressions as the main provocation leading to the war. Another view is that Nasser did not have the intention to fight Israel at that point, but when the
UN troops in the Sinai were withdrawn suprisingly after Nasser's demand, Nasser had to make true his big promises to defeat Israel to the other Arab
nations. He wanted to keep his reputation as the ultimate leader of the pan–Arabian league and he could only do so by moving his troops towards
Israel, which no longer had a protection buffer by the UN troops in the Sinai. Another view is that "the Six Day War was the result of Egyptian– Israeli
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
France and Britain had lost their role in the Middle East after 1956, nevertheless, other foregn influences became strong in the area: Soviet–American
rivalry dragged the Cold War into the region. Russia hoped that if it would spread its influence in the Middle East, it would be able to break the
encirclement around the USSR, which stoped it from spreading. The USA had made pacts to condemn communism from spreading, the Baghdad pact
of 1955 included Turkey, Iran, Iraq Pakistan and Britain. By winning over the Arab states, Russia expected to break this belt and be able to take
Communism all over the world. Russia's interest in the Middle East alarmed the United States, so they started taking an interest themselves in the
region, sympathizing most with Israel, due to Egypt being too unpredictable in its loyalities.
After 1956 the Israelis were forced to give back all territorial gains and return to the borders agreed in the 1949 armistice, but in received in return the
support of the UNEF in the Gaza Strip and the Sinai. Passage through the Gulf of Aqaba was assured by the presence of the UNEF at Sharm
al–Sheikh, supported by the US, which guaranteed to step in if the right of international passage was violated. Between 1957 and 1959 Israel could
even send cargo ships through the Suez canal, but as soon as controls diminished, Nasser

Syrian Uprising
The Syrian Uprising
Over the past couple of years we have certainly seen a drastic change in the Arab world dating back to December of 2010 in Tunisia as protestors
forced ruler Zine el–Abidine Ben Ali to flee the country. This was the beginning of the Arab spring, which saw a revolutionary wave spread across
many Arabic countries resulting in four leaders being forced from power in the countries of Tunisia,Egypt, Libya and Yemen. The sociological
perspective on conflict states that the world is in a continual struggle and this is true as there is always going to be tension between two competing
groups or multiple groups who don't necessarily agree with a certain issue (Schaefer & Haaland, 2012). In most cases, especially in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As many people know poverty plagues many areas of North Africa and the Middle East and these deprivations created a clash between expectations
and reality. This will back up my point that social justice and equality can only be attained through conflict. High unemployment, corruption, social
inequalities, deterioration of the economy and increases in food prices all led to fuelled political demands (Dalacoura, 2012). Media also played a
huge role in making the rebellion possible as grievances were channeled into collective action. The Al–Jazeera satellite channel based in Qatar was able
to broadcast the rebellion in Egypt and Tunisia all over the area, as Facebook and Twitter helped the people organize revolts. Today's media is
extremely powerful and influential and it benefited demonstrators and protesters all over the Arab World in helping them create change through
conflict resolution (Dalacoura, 2012). These uprisings, however, were answered differently by certain regimes. Over the past year and a half some
rebellions were more successful in overthrowing their governments then others. In some cases regimes were able to stop the rebellion and in other
cases it fuelled it. The way leaders responded to the uprising is crucial in determining how it developed. Tunisian leader Ben Ali was taken by surprise,
which resulted in a slow and weak reaction and ultimately his resignation. On the other

The Role of Responsibility to Protect in Syria
The end of the twentieth century brought with it a close to the era of mass human atrocities and a new understanding of how conflict worked. With the
end of World War II and the solidification of state lines, no longer was conflict confined to border disputes. Increasingly so, conflicts occurred internally
within the state's own borders taking a greater toll on civilians and often escalating into violent wars. From Cambodia to Rwanda and Argentina to
Bosnia, the second half of the twentieth century was riddled with genocide and the motto of "never again" continued to happen again. The twenty first
century ushered in a new ideology to prevent and stop mass atrocities. With the realization that the doctrine of humanitarian intervention... Show more
The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood lead an insurgency for many years but were put down in their stronghold city of Hama using heavy weaponry in
1982 leaving in its wake a massacre of thousands dead and wounded. This deliberate show of force kept down any further opposition until the
beginning of the Arab Spring in 2011. Launching attacks on Lebanon and Israel throughout its history causedSyria to become further isolated from the
west until1990 when in a rare show, it aligned with the west and other Arab states in order to stop Saddam Hussein in Iraq. After three decades of rule,
Hafiz al–Asad died and was succeeded by his son, Bashar, who was also elected president through referendum. It seemed as though democratic rule
would finally take hold in Syria. After the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, President Bashar al–Asad apprehensively cooperated with the United
States in order to combat al–Qaeda. This short lived collaboration terminated when President al–Asad opposed the United State's war in Iraq. Further
tensions mounted between the two countries when Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri was assassinated in 2005 and the U.S. withdrew its
ambassador to Syria opening the door for Syrian alignment with Iran and other militant groups, especially Hezbollah in Lebanon. Syria's continued
subversive involvement in Lebanon and Israel have left it in a very tumultuous position within the

Assess The Role Of The Arab League During The Yemen Civil War
The main IGO that took part in the Yemen conflict was the Arab League. During the Yemen civil war that took place between 1962 and 1970, the
Arab League was made up of six member states that included Yemen, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Jordan. However, the Arab League was later
expanded to include twenty two member states. The role played by the Arab League during the Civil war in Yemen, is evident from the roles in which
the individual members of this union played in order to further its interests. Egypt was known as the United Arab Republic during this conflict and it
had good relations with Yemen. In 1958, Yemen joined Egypt and Syria and the resulting union was known as the United Arab State. However, this
union did not last for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The new republican government was recognized by the Soviet Union and Egypt, but other western powers that had interests in Yemen such as the US
and the UK, failed to disclose whether they supported the new Syrian government (Terrill and Army War College (U.S.) Strategic Studies Institute 54).
The Arab league played a contradictory role during the civil war in Syria, with some members of the union supporting the republican forces while
others went behind the royal forces led by Imam Mohammed Al–Bdr. Egypt supported the republican forces while Imam Badr received support from
Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The republican forces embraced social progress and republicanism, and were mainly present in cities, while Mohammed
Al–Bdr forces fought from rural areas. The conflict in Yemen was partially caused by the action of Egypt to send soldiers to support the overthrowing
of the royal government. Saudi Arabia's involvement in the conflict was based on the fear that the war could overspill into its borders, and therefore, it
protected its interests by lending material support to Imam Mohammed Al–Bdr (Little 68). The republican forces viewed the provision of material
support to royal forces by Saudi Arabia as interference in the internal affairs of Yemen. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia viewed the involvement of
Egyptian troops in the conflict as a threat to its oilfields and its monarchy (Terrill and Army War College (U.S.) Strategic Studies

LibyaвЂ™s Reconciliation with the West Essay
As current events continue to unfold, a part of the Arab world is at a major crossroads, pursuing a change in foreign policy and a new attitude toward
the West not witnessed in at least three decades. A departure from international isolation is preceding a steadily growing rapprochement with the
world's military hegemon. This poses the prospect of a future as a key player in not only its own regional affairs but in major global politics, as well as
the opportunity for greater economic growth and development and the establishment of integrated multilateral trade. But the country in question is not
Iraq or Iran or any of the other familiar members of the Persian Gulf– it is Libya, one of the most isolated and overlooked states in ... Show more
Libya's reconciliation with the West is most important in the aspects of relations with the United Nations, the United Kingdom, and the United States,
which will be the greatest focus of this paper.
In 1942, the Allies of World War II ousted Italy from Libya, a colony it had held since 1911, and France and Britain began to administer separate parts
of the country. After becoming the first country to gain its independence through the United Nations in 1951, Libya entered a short period of
constitutional monarchy under King Idris al–Sanusi. In 1959, the discovery of oil led the previously poor Libya to become extremely wealthy as oil
began to be transported via pipeline and exported to foreign markets. U.S.–Libyan relations between 1951 and 1969 were relatively good both
politically and economically. The U.S. supported the U.N. resolution giving Libya independence and both countries ultimately established
embassy–level missions in one another's capital.1 U.S. access to Libya's oil market was also strong as two American companies were granted 14
million acres of oil fields.2
But unequal distributions of wealth within the country as well as pan–Arab ideas rejecting Western influence soon fueled popular resentment and led
to revolution. In
1969, Idris was deposed in a bloodless coup by a small group of army officers led by 28– year old Colonel Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al–Qadhafi, whose
regime embarked on a

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