Avoiding plagiarism

1. Avoiding Plagiarism:
Note-Taking
Techniques and In-
Text Citations
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Lesson 5

2. PLAGIARISM
ACADEMIC
DISHONESTY
• Copying verbatim of language
and ideas

3. TWO TYPES OF
PLAGIARISM
1. Plagiarism of Ideas
2. Plagiarism of Language

4. IDEAS
• When credit of a work is ascribed to
oneself untruthfully.
• The practice of taking someone else's
work or ideas and passing them off as
one's own.

5. •In the academic world, plagiarism is
considered as a serious offense
because stealing the work of
another writer is an unacceptable
tactic
• Synonyms: copying, infringement of
copyright, piracy, theft, stealing;

6. PLAGIARISM OF
LANGUAGE
• When an author uses a language and
claims it as his or her own

7. NOTE!
• Academic writers have a great
responsibility to account for the ideas
and language of others.

8. IN-TEXT
CITATIONS

9. AUTHOR-ORIENTED
CITATION
•Starts with the surname of the author,
followed by the year of publication in
parentheses.
•Verbs of statement such as argues and
emphasizes at the start of the paragraph or
sentence may be used.

10. AUTHOR-ORIENTED
CITATION

11. TEXT-ORIENTED
CITATION
• A paragraph or sentence from a source is
followed with the surname of the author
of the work and the year of publication.
The citation must be enclosed in
parentheses.

12. TEXT-ORIENTED
CITATION

13. ANOTHER WAY OF
CITATION
• Start the sentence or paragraph by using
the phrase “according to…” followed by
the surname of the author and the year of
publication enclosed in parentheses.

14. ANOTHER WAY OF
CITATION

15. TAKING
TECHNIQUE
S

16. DIRECT QUOTATION
PURPOSES
• to not lose the rhetorical impact
• for statements that are too short to summarize
EXAMPLE: “The Filipino is worth dying for.”- Ninoy Aquino
“ Globalization is just a covert term for colonization” (Reyes, 1994, p.2)

17. • 'If the text is too long, you may omit certain parts and replace them with an ellipsis
(three dots).lf the words omitted are at the end of the statement, another dot is added,
making it four.
Example:
“Smartphones resulted from global innovations in technology... and therefore, consumers
need to be updated on the latest trends if they want to maximize opportunities offered by
these gadgets to make daily activities more convenient.” (De Claro, 2010, p. 7).
• Interpolation may be done to insert notes within the directly quoted passage to help
readers understand the context of the statement. Interpolation is marked by open and
closed brackets.
Example:
“De Quiros, Zabala, Uy, and Lee believe that the education sector should address the
material conditions of schools to improve teaching and learning.” (Danao, 201 1, p. 7).
“[Educators] believe that the education sector should address the material conditions of
schools to improve teaching and learning." (Danao, 2011, p. 7).

18. Remember that using many
direct quotations DOES NOT
reveal your identity as an
author. It is important that you
develop your own voice and
style of writing in expressing
ideas. Therefore as a rule of
thumb, TWENTY
PERCENT (20%) of the
total length of the work may
employ direct quotations.

19. SUMMARIZING
•RESTATEMENT OF
THE MAIN IDEA OF
THE TEXT

20. TIPS IN SUMMARIZNING:
1.Make sure to read the text thoroughly and highlight the
important details in the text. Bear in mind that certain details
have relationships (cause and effect for example) and these
need to be noted as well.
2. After getting the main idea/s, use your own words in your
summary. Make sure to check if the relationships between ideas
are established.
3. When done with your summary, recheck your output with the
original to see it your output does not stray from the original text.

21. PARAPHRASING
•RESTATEMENT IN YOUR
OWN WORDS THE MAIN
IDEA AND SUPPORTING
DETAILS OF THE TEXT

22. TIPS IN PARAPHRASING:
1.Read the text thoroughly, noting both main ideas and supporting
details. If confronted with a long text, you may outline these
ideas to distinguish the major points from the minor ones.
2.After identifying these, carefully state the major and 'minor
points in your own words, making sure that the relationships
between and among these ideas are observed.
3.Finally, when the paraphrased is clone, compare your work with
the original to make sure that the original intentions of the
author are not changed.

23. SUMMARY VS
PARAPHRASED
Mobile and computer technology may also affect children’s
sociability. The use of this technology may take away hours from
children’s social and playing time. Yet from another perspective, it
can help cultivate their communicative an social skills through using
different social media platforms and sharing apps with friends. (Subia
and Tatel, 2014).

24. WAYS IN PARAPHRASING
LITERAL
PARAPHRASING
STRUCTURAL
PARAPHRASING
ALTERNATIVE
PARAPHRASING
-ONLY REPLACES
VOCABULARY
TERMS FROM THE
ORIGINAL TEXT
- CHANGES THE
SENTENCE
STRUCTURE AND
THE WORD CLASS
-THE WRITER
ASKS A
QUESTION
ABOUT THE TEXT
AND MAIN IDEA
THEN ANSWER IT
USING HIS OWN
WORDS