Antibiotics are produced by fermentation. Any large-scale microbial process occurring with or without air is called Fermentation.

1. Comparative study of Zn and farmyard
manure (FYM) on Pisum sativum L
Presented by: Irum Choudhary
Registration No. F20BBOTN3E01029
MS Botany
Session (2020-2022)
Supervisor: Dr. Muhammad Jamil
1

2. Brief Contents
 Introduction
 Research Hypothesis
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Results
 Conclusions
 Future Recommendations
 References
2

3. 3
Introduction
• Leguminous crops have protein, vitamins, particularly vitamin B
complex and large amount of carbohydrates (Kumar et al.,
2017).
• Pea (Pisum Sativum) is widely grown throughout the temperate
zone and one of the world most important legume crop, with a
9.5-million-hectare production area, become forth in number
after common bean, chickpea, and cow pea (FAO 2018).

4. 4
• One of the major factors which effects the growth and yield of
pea plant is micronutrient deficiency especially of Zn as it is
very important for growth and its deficiency may lead to
reduction in seed formation (Bell and Dell, 2008).
• Zn is very essential for plants as well as human development,
metabolic reaction, enzymatic reaction, oxidation reduction
reaction, nitrogen metabolism, protein production and energy
transmission (Cakmak et al., 2010). Conti…
Introduction
Conti…

5. 5
• FYM is composed of sheep, cow, poultry, and horses wastes
and known as complete fertilizer having organic matter and
organic compost.
• when we use organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers had
more positive effect on soil health and microbial biomass
based on the soil quality indicators (Dutta S. et al., 2003).
Introduction
Conti…

6. 6 Objectives
1. To explore the effects of Zn and FYM on growth, yield and
physiology of pea plant
2. To suggest the recommended dose of Zn for proper growth and
yield of pea plant
3. To find an economic and ecofriendly way to overcome “hidden
hunger” in future.

7. The experiment “Comparative study of ZnSO4 and farmyard
manure (FYM) on Pisum sativum L.” was conducted at the
research field area of Islamia University, Bahawalpur during
rabi season 2021-2022.
7 Methodology