Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Crumb Rubber in High Strength Concrete

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2270
Experimental Study on the Mechanical behaviour of Crumb rubber in
High Strength Concrete
SREE RAMESWARI A1, CHELLA KAVITHA N2, KRISHNAPRIYA A K3
1PG Student, Department Of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
2Assistant Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
3PG Student, Department Of Civil Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract –Disposal of wastescraptirerubberhasbecomea
major environmental problem due to its non-biodegradable
nature. Recycling of these waste materials can reduce the
accumulation of scrap tire in landfills. A series of laboratory
investigations were performed to evaluate the mechanical
properties of high strength concrete incorporating discarded
tire rubber as aggregate. In this study, scrap tire in theform of
crumb rubber was partially replaced for fine aggregates in
concrete from 0% to 25% in multiples of 5%. 15% Silica fume
and 15% Metakaolin to the weight of total cementitious
content were used as property enhancers in high strength
concrete. The mechanical properties of highstrengthconcrete
like compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength were evaluated. The effect of percentage variation of
crumb rubber on compressive strength, split tensile strength
and flexural strength were studied.
Key Words: crumb rubber, high strength concrete,
compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural
strength, fine aggregate.
1. INTRODUCTION
With the rapid development of transportation and
industries, a great amount of scrap rubber is produced.
Recycling of scrap tire is becoming more important with the
global expanding of the environmental problem in order to
reduce the accumulation of scrap tire in landfills. The
valorization and the recycling of this wastecouldbea partial
solution to pacify the negative environmental impact. Its
incorporation into cement concrete is one way of recycling
the material. Research shows that using tire rubber in
concrete mixtures can inversely affect the compressive
strength, flexural strength and workability but Concrete
mixed with crumb rubber has better toughness and impact
strength than ordinary concrete and also has better heat
insulation and sound insulation properties. Also, it can
enhance other properties such as crack propagation, energy
absorption, ductility and durability. Silica fume, Fly ash and
Metakaolin were usually used to enhance strength in
rubberized concrete which exhibits favorable engineering
properties, including: the filler effect,theacceleration ofOPC
hydration, and the pozzolanic reaction.
Trilok Gupta et al. utilized waste rubber tire as a
partial replacement of fine aggregate in the form of rubber
ash and rubber ash with rubber fibers with three water
cement ratios. Workability, compressive strength, flexural
strength, density and waterabsorption(10%rubberashand
varied percentage of rubber fibers) have been obtained.The
results showed that compressive strength, flexural strength
and density decreases with increase in rubber content.
Water absorption of rubber ash concretewasincreased with
increase in rubber content [1]. Blessen Skariah Thomaset.al
investigated an experimental research to analyse the
suitability of scrap tire rubber as a partial substitute for
natural fine aggregate in high strength cement concrete.
Crumb rubber replaced natural fine aggregate from 0% to
20% in multiples of 2.5%. Tests were performed to
determine the compressive strength, flexural tensile
strength, pull-off strength and water absorption of the
concrete samples. The results showed that the compressive
strength and flexural tensile strength values were gradually
decreasing with increase in the amount of crumb rubber in
concrete [2]. Osama Youssf et.al studied the mechanical
performance of crumb rubber concrete using silica fume
additives. Workability, short term and long term
compressive strength and flexural strength were measured.
The results showed that slump valueincreaseswithincrease
in rubber content but the compressive and flexural strength
were decreased [3].
In this study, Concrete was designed with water–
cement ratio of 0.3. Crumb rubber was incorporated in high
strength concrete as a partial replacement forfineaggregate
from 0 to 25% in multiples of 5%. Incorporation of crumb
rubber decreases the workabilityofconcretesuchthatsuper
plasticizer (2% to the total cementitious content) was used
to enhance workability in concrete. 15% Silica fume and
15% Metakaolin were replaced with the total cementitious

content to enhance the performance of rubberized concrete.
The properties of High strength concrete was confirmed by
slump cone test. Compressive strength test, split tensile
strength test and flexural strength test were performed.The
effect of percentage variation of crumb rubber on
compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength were studied.
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
2.1 MATERIALS
Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53 conforming to IS
12269:2013 was used (Specific gravity 3.15, Initial setting
time 30 minutes and Final setting time 453 minutes). River
Sand conforming to zone II as per IS 383-1970 (Specific
gravity 2.64, Bulk density 1415 kg/m3) was used as fine
aggregate. Coarse aggregate conforming to IS 383-1970 of
size 20mm, specific gravity 2.66 and bulk density 1383
kg/m3 was used. Crumb rubber of particle size ranging from
0.075mm to not more than 2.36mm was used as a
replacement for fine aggregate. Thespecific gravityofcrumb
rubber is 1.08. A Sulphonated Naphthalene polymer based
super plasticizer of specific gravity1.24wasusedto enhance
the workability of rubberized concrete. Silica fume and
Metakaolin of specific gravity 2.2 and 2.6 respectively were
used as property enhancers in high strength concrete.
2.2 MIX PROPORTION
Concrete mix design was designed as per the guidelines
in ACI method (ACI 211.1 -1991). Silica fumeandMetakaolin
were used as a replacement for cement. The dosage of super
plasticizer in high strength concrete is 2% by the total
weight of cementitious content. Table 1 shows the mix
proportion of crumb rubber concrete.
Table -1: Mix Proportions
Cement
(kg/m3)
Silica
Fume
(kg/m3)
Metakaolin
(kg/m3)
Water
(kg/m3)
Fine
Aggregate
(kg/m3)
Coarse
Aggregate
(kg/m3)
Admixture
(kg/m3)
385 70 70 145 590 1175 10
2.3 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS
Cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x150mm, Cylinders
of diameter 150mm and height 300mm and Prisms of size
500mm x 100mm x 100mm were cast for compressive
strength test at 7 and 28 days, split tensile strength test and
flexural strength test respectively. Slump cone test for
various proportions were done on fresh concrete to
determine its workability. All the tests were done as per IS
codes.
2.4 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
Compressivestrengthtestwasperformedaccording
to IS 516-1959. The test specimens (Concrete Cubes) after 7
and 28 days of curing at room temperature were oven dried
and then subjected to Compressive strength test.
2.5 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
Split Tensile strength test was performedaccording
to IS 5816-1999. The test specimens (Concrete cylinders)
after 28 days of curing at room temperature were subjected
to split tensile strength test.
2.6 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST
Flexural strength of concrete or modulus ofrupture
of concrete prisms were determined under two point
loading. The test was performed conforming to IS516-1959.
Prisms after 28 days of curing were dried and subjected to
Flexure test.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 SLUMP TEST
Fig-1 shows the variation of slump at different
percentages of crumb rubber in concrete.
It was observed that increase in rubber content
increases the slump value of concrete. Workability in
concrete was enhanced by the addition of super plasticizer.
Fig-1 shows that increasing the rubber content up to 10%
exhibited a linear relationship between slump value and the
rubber content.
Fig -1: Variation in slump of rubber incorporated concrete
specimens

3.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
Fig-2 shows the compressive strength of concrete
cubes at 7 and 28 days respectively.
It was observed that therewasa gradual decreasein
compressive strength of concrete when the percentage of
rubber content increases. Higher the rubber content in
concrete, higher the reduction in compressive strength of
concrete. The loss of compressive strength of concrete at 28
days compared to the control mix was 6.5%, 21.5%, 44.4%,
53.4% and 68.3% at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%
respectively.
Fig -2: Variation in compressive strength of rubber
incorporated concrete specimens
3.3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
Fig-3 shows the effect of crumb rubber on the split
tensile strength of concrete at 28 days.
Fig -3: Variation in split tensile strength of rubber
It was noted that there was a decrease in tensile
strength when the percentage of rubber content increased.
The loss of tensile strength comparedtocontrol mix was 5%,
15%, 32%, 39% and 49% at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%
respectively. The decrease in tensile strength is due to the
poor adhesion between rubber and cement particles.
3.4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST
Fig-4 shows the effect of crumb rubber on the flexural
strength of concrete at 28 days.
Fig -4: Variation in flexural strength of rubber
It was observed that there is a decrease in flexural
strength of concrete when the percentage of rubber content
increases. The control specimen sustained maximum load
compared to rubberized concrete specimens. Decrease in
flexural strength in concrete is due to decrease in density of
concrete, weaker bonds and increase in voids.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the test results, the following conclusions can be
made:
1. Crumb rubber can be effectively used as a partial
replacement for fine aggregate in concrete.
2. Increase in rubber content increasetheslumpvalue
of concrete.
3. Concrete with higher percentage of crumb rubber
has better toughness. The slump value increases
from 7 to 32% with the increase in rubber content.
4. Higher the rubber content, higher the reduction in
the strength of concrete. The loss of compressive
strength varies from 6 to 68% due to the inclusion
of rubber content.
5. The loss of split tensile strength varies from 5% to
49% with the increase in content of rubber.
6. The loss of flexural strength varies from 10 to 63%
with the increase in rubber content.

7. Compressive strength, split tensile strength and
flexural strength of concrete with 5% of crumb
rubber content shows closer results compared to
control mix.
8. The loss of compressive strength of concrete with
5% of crumb rubber content is 6%.
9. The loss of split tensile strength of concrete with
5% of crumb rubber is 5%.
10. The loss of flexural strength of concrete with 5% of
crumb rubber content is 10%.
11. The loss of Compressive strength, Split tensile
strength and flexural strength of concrete is due to
the poor adhesion between rubber and cement
particles.
REFERENCES
[1] Trilok Gupta, Sandeep Chaudhary, Ravi K. Sharma,
“Mechanical and durability properties of waste
rubber fiber concrete with and without silica fume”,
J.Clean. Production. 112 (Part 1) (2016) 702–711.
[2] Blessen Skariah Thomas, Ramesh Chandra Gupta,
“Properties Of High Strength Concrete ContainingScrap
Tire Rubber”, Journal OF Cleaner Productionxxx(2015)
1-7
[3] Osama Youssf, Julie E. Mills, Reza Hassanli, “Assessment
Of The Mechanical Performance Of Crumb Rubber
Concrete”, Journal On Construction And Building
Materials 125 (2016) 175–183
[4] Thomas, B.S.; Gupta, R.C.; Panicker, V.J. “Recycling of
waste tire rubber as aggregate in concrete: Durability-
related performance”, J. Clean. Production. 2016, 112,
504–513.
[5] Al-Tayeb, M.M., Bakar, B.H.A., Ismail, H., Akil,H.M.,2013.
“Effect of partial replacement of sand by recycled fine
crumb rubber on the performanceofhybrid rubberized-
normal concrete under impact load, experiment and
simulation”. Clean. Production. 59 (15), 284-289.
[6] Wang, H.Y., Yung, L.C., Hua, L.H., 2013. “A study of the
durability properties of waste tire rubber applied to
self-compacting concrete”. Construction. Building.
Materials. 41, 665-672.
[7] Zhang, B., Li, G., 2012. “The abrasion-resistance
investigation of rubberized concrete”. J. Wuhan Univ.
Technology-Materials. Sci. Ed. 27, 1144-1148.
[8] F. Pacheco-Torgal, Y. Ding, S. Jalali, “Properties and
durability of concrete containing polymeric wastes(tire
rubber and polyethylene terephthalate bottles): an
overview”, Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (2012) 488–494.
[9] Richardson, A.E., Coventry, K.A., Ward, G., 2012.
“Freeze/thaw protection of concrete with optimum
rubber crumb content”. J. Clean. Prod. 23 (1), 96-103.
[10] Azevedo, F., Pacheco-Torgal, F., Jesus, C., Barroso de
Aguiar, J.L., Camoes, A.F., 2012. “Properties and
durability of HPC with tyre rubber wastes”. Constr.
Build. Mater. 34, 186-191.
[11] Mohammed Islamuddin Faraz , Utkarsh Jain, Ketan Jain,
Shailendra Singh, “Effect of Crumb Rubber Material on
Concrete Mix”, SSRG International Journal of Civil
Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 2 Issue 4 April 2015
ISSN: 2348
[12] Yogender Antil, Er. Vivek Verma, Er. Bhupinder Singh,
“Rubberized Concrete Made with Crumb Rubber”,
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
[13] Clay Naito, M.ASCE; Joe States; ChristopherJackson;and
Bryan Bewick, “Assessment of Crumb Rubber Concrete
for Flexural Structural Members”
[14] Er. Yogender Antil, “An Experimental Study on
RubberizedConcrete”,International Journal ofEmerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering Volume 4, Issue
2, February 2014
[15] S.Selvakumar, R.Venkatakrishnaiah, “Strength
Properties of Concrete Using CrumbRubber withPartial
Replacement of Fine Aggregate” International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology Vol. 4, Issue 3, March 2015
[16] Skripkianas G, Grinys A, “Using tire rubber Waste for
modification of concrete properties”, Architecture
Proceedings of conference ,Kaunas Technology, 2005,
132-137.
[17] L. Zheng, X. S. Huo and Y.Yuan, “Strength, Modulus of
elasticity and Brittleness index of rubberized concrete”,
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20(11), 2008,
692-699.
[18] M. Nehdi, and A. Khan, A., “Cementitious Composites
Containing Recycled Tire Rubber: An Overview of
Engineering Properties and Potential Applications”,
Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, CCAGDP, 23(1),
2001, 3-10.
[19] El-Gammal, A.K.Abdel-Gawad, Y.El-Sherbini, and
A.Shalaby, “Compressive Strength of Concrete utilizing
Waste tire rubber”, Journal of Emerging trends in
Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 2010, 96-99.
[20] IS : 2386 - 1963, "Methods of tests for aggregates for
concrete," Indian Standard Institution, New Delhi.
[21] IS : 516 - 1959, "Method of test for strength of concrete,"
Indian Standard Institution, New Delhi.
[22] IS : 383 - 1970, "Coarse and Fine aggregate from natural
sources for concrete," Indian Standard Institution, New
Delhi.

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Crumb Rubber in High Strength Concrete

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Crumb Rubber in High Strength Concrete

Similar to Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Crumb Rubber in High Strength Concrete (20)

More from IRJET Journal

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Crumb Rubber in High Strength Concrete