Submit Search
Upload
Blockchain and Its Applications in the Real World
•
0 likes
•
9 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V10/i9/IRJET-V10I953.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 6
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
IRJET- Secure Online Voting Systems using Block of Chunks
IRJET- Secure Online Voting Systems using Block of Chunks
IRJET Journal
IRJET- An Overview of the Security of Blockchain
IRJET- An Overview of the Security of Blockchain
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Consensus Mechanism on Secure Challenges in Blockchain Networks
IRJET- Consensus Mechanism on Secure Challenges in Blockchain Networks
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Blockchain Technology
IRJET- Blockchain Technology
IRJET Journal
IRJET - A Detailed Study on Cryptocurrency
IRJET - A Detailed Study on Cryptocurrency
IRJET Journal
Investors Guide to Crypto
Investors Guide to Crypto
HassanMoutawalli1
Real-life Application of a Decentralized System
Real-life Application of a Decentralized System
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Block Chain based Banking Application
IRJET- Block Chain based Banking Application
IRJET Journal
Recommended
IRJET- Secure Online Voting Systems using Block of Chunks
IRJET- Secure Online Voting Systems using Block of Chunks
IRJET Journal
IRJET- An Overview of the Security of Blockchain
IRJET- An Overview of the Security of Blockchain
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Consensus Mechanism on Secure Challenges in Blockchain Networks
IRJET- Consensus Mechanism on Secure Challenges in Blockchain Networks
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Blockchain Technology
IRJET- Blockchain Technology
IRJET Journal
IRJET - A Detailed Study on Cryptocurrency
IRJET - A Detailed Study on Cryptocurrency
IRJET Journal
Investors Guide to Crypto
Investors Guide to Crypto
HassanMoutawalli1
Real-life Application of a Decentralized System
Real-life Application of a Decentralized System
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Block Chain based Banking Application
IRJET- Block Chain based Banking Application
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Security Threats on Blockchain and its Countermeasures
IRJET- Security Threats on Blockchain and its Countermeasures
IRJET Journal
Cryptographically Secured Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence Us...
Cryptographically Secured Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence Us...
IRJET Journal
Impact of Blockchain on IT AuditBlockchain Techn.docx
Impact of Blockchain on IT AuditBlockchain Techn.docx
sheronlewthwaite
IRJET- Blockchain Technology a Literature Survey
IRJET- Blockchain Technology a Literature Survey
IRJET Journal
Scaling up Banking Operations: Harnessing the power of block chain Technology
Scaling up Banking Operations: Harnessing the power of block chain Technology
IRJET Journal
181
181
vivatechijri
IRJET- Bitcoin - The Future Currency
IRJET- Bitcoin - The Future Currency
IRJET Journal
IRJET-Block Chain based Cyber Security System for Data Transfer
IRJET-Block Chain based Cyber Security System for Data Transfer
IRJET Journal
jayesh_Blockchain.pptx
jayesh_Blockchain.pptx
JackTheMan1
Blockchain Security and Demonstration
Blockchain Security and Demonstration
Yao Yao
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...
BRNSSPublicationHubI
Disadvantages and Advantages of Blockchain
Disadvantages and Advantages of Blockchain
ijtsrd
BLOCKCHAIN.pptx
BLOCKCHAIN.pptx
PrashantPandey514885
Blockchain and AI Convergence A New Era of Possibilities
Blockchain and AI Convergence A New Era of Possibilities
ijtsrd
P5 to blockchain or not to blockchain
P5 to blockchain or not to blockchain
devid8
Blockchain based Banking System
Blockchain based Banking System
Gaurav Singh
Blockchain based electronic voting system
Blockchain based electronic voting system
IRJET Journal
Unmasking blockchain finance
Unmasking blockchain finance
Blockchain and CryptoAsset (K) Ltd.
Blockchain Technology Overview
Blockchain Technology Overview
IRJET Journal
Bitcoin-full-report-STVM
Bitcoin-full-report-STVM
Kai Bennink
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
More Related Content
Similar to Blockchain and Its Applications in the Real World
IRJET- Security Threats on Blockchain and its Countermeasures
IRJET- Security Threats on Blockchain and its Countermeasures
IRJET Journal
Cryptographically Secured Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence Us...
Cryptographically Secured Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence Us...
IRJET Journal
Impact of Blockchain on IT AuditBlockchain Techn.docx
Impact of Blockchain on IT AuditBlockchain Techn.docx
sheronlewthwaite
IRJET- Blockchain Technology a Literature Survey
IRJET- Blockchain Technology a Literature Survey
IRJET Journal
Scaling up Banking Operations: Harnessing the power of block chain Technology
Scaling up Banking Operations: Harnessing the power of block chain Technology
IRJET Journal
181
181
vivatechijri
IRJET- Bitcoin - The Future Currency
IRJET- Bitcoin - The Future Currency
IRJET Journal
IRJET-Block Chain based Cyber Security System for Data Transfer
IRJET-Block Chain based Cyber Security System for Data Transfer
IRJET Journal
jayesh_Blockchain.pptx
jayesh_Blockchain.pptx
JackTheMan1
Blockchain Security and Demonstration
Blockchain Security and Demonstration
Yao Yao
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...
BRNSSPublicationHubI
Disadvantages and Advantages of Blockchain
Disadvantages and Advantages of Blockchain
ijtsrd
BLOCKCHAIN.pptx
BLOCKCHAIN.pptx
PrashantPandey514885
Blockchain and AI Convergence A New Era of Possibilities
Blockchain and AI Convergence A New Era of Possibilities
ijtsrd
P5 to blockchain or not to blockchain
P5 to blockchain or not to blockchain
devid8
Blockchain based Banking System
Blockchain based Banking System
Gaurav Singh
Blockchain based electronic voting system
Blockchain based electronic voting system
IRJET Journal
Unmasking blockchain finance
Unmasking blockchain finance
Blockchain and CryptoAsset (K) Ltd.
Blockchain Technology Overview
Blockchain Technology Overview
IRJET Journal
Bitcoin-full-report-STVM
Bitcoin-full-report-STVM
Kai Bennink
Similar to Blockchain and Its Applications in the Real World
(20)
IRJET- Security Threats on Blockchain and its Countermeasures
IRJET- Security Threats on Blockchain and its Countermeasures
Cryptographically Secured Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence Us...
Cryptographically Secured Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence Us...
Impact of Blockchain on IT AuditBlockchain Techn.docx
Impact of Blockchain on IT AuditBlockchain Techn.docx
IRJET- Blockchain Technology a Literature Survey
IRJET- Blockchain Technology a Literature Survey
Scaling up Banking Operations: Harnessing the power of block chain Technology
Scaling up Banking Operations: Harnessing the power of block chain Technology
181
181
IRJET- Bitcoin - The Future Currency
IRJET- Bitcoin - The Future Currency
IRJET-Block Chain based Cyber Security System for Data Transfer
IRJET-Block Chain based Cyber Security System for Data Transfer
jayesh_Blockchain.pptx
jayesh_Blockchain.pptx
Blockchain Security and Demonstration
Blockchain Security and Demonstration
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Blockchain Mechanism for Flexib...
Disadvantages and Advantages of Blockchain
Disadvantages and Advantages of Blockchain
BLOCKCHAIN.pptx
BLOCKCHAIN.pptx
Blockchain and AI Convergence A New Era of Possibilities
Blockchain and AI Convergence A New Era of Possibilities
P5 to blockchain or not to blockchain
P5 to blockchain or not to blockchain
Blockchain based Banking System
Blockchain based Banking System
Blockchain based electronic voting system
Blockchain based electronic voting system
Unmasking blockchain finance
Unmasking blockchain finance
Blockchain Technology Overview
Blockchain Technology Overview
Bitcoin-full-report-STVM
Bitcoin-full-report-STVM
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Recently uploaded
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
null - The Open Security Community
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
Mark Billinghurst
Arduino_CSE ece ppt for working and principal of arduino.ppt
Arduino_CSE ece ppt for working and principal of arduino.ppt
SAURABHKUMAR892774
EduAI - E learning Platform integrated with AI
EduAI - E learning Platform integrated with AI
koyaldeepu123
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
VICTOR MAESTRE RAMIREZ
UNIT III ANALOG ELECTRONICS (BASIC ELECTRONICS)
UNIT III ANALOG ELECTRONICS (BASIC ELECTRONICS)
Dr SOUNDIRARAJ N
Effects of rheological properties on mixing
Effects of rheological properties on mixing
viprabot1
CCS355 Neural Networks & Deep Learning Unit 1 PDF notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Networks & Deep Learning Unit 1 PDF notes with Question bank .pdf
Asst.prof M.Gokilavani
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
João Esperancinha
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
rehmti665
complete construction, environmental and economics information of biomass com...
complete construction, environmental and economics information of biomass com...
asadnawaz62
Concrete Mix Design - IS 10262-2019 - .pptx
Concrete Mix Design - IS 10262-2019 - .pptx
KartikeyaDwivedi3
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Churning of Butter, Factors affecting .
Churning of Butter, Factors affecting .
Satyam Kumar
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
Asst.prof M.Gokilavani
An experimental study in using natural admixture as an alternative for chemic...
An experimental study in using natural admixture as an alternative for chemic...
Chandu841456
Introduction-To-Agricultural-Surveillance-Rover.pptx
Introduction-To-Agricultural-Surveillance-Rover.pptx
k795866
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
DeepakSakkari2
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Recently uploaded
(20)
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
Arduino_CSE ece ppt for working and principal of arduino.ppt
Arduino_CSE ece ppt for working and principal of arduino.ppt
EduAI - E learning Platform integrated with AI
EduAI - E learning Platform integrated with AI
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
UNIT III ANALOG ELECTRONICS (BASIC ELECTRONICS)
UNIT III ANALOG ELECTRONICS (BASIC ELECTRONICS)
Effects of rheological properties on mixing
Effects of rheological properties on mixing
CCS355 Neural Networks & Deep Learning Unit 1 PDF notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Networks & Deep Learning Unit 1 PDF notes with Question bank .pdf
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
Call Girls Delhi {Jodhpur} 9711199012 high profile service
complete construction, environmental and economics information of biomass com...
complete construction, environmental and economics information of biomass com...
Concrete Mix Design - IS 10262-2019 - .pptx
Concrete Mix Design - IS 10262-2019 - .pptx
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
Churning of Butter, Factors affecting .
Churning of Butter, Factors affecting .
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
An experimental study in using natural admixture as an alternative for chemic...
An experimental study in using natural admixture as an alternative for chemic...
Introduction-To-Agricultural-Surveillance-Rover.pptx
Introduction-To-Agricultural-Surveillance-Rover.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Blockchain and Its Applications in the Real World
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 | Sept 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 370 “Blockchain and Its Applications in the Real World” Rajesh Kumar Kona1, Syed Ishrat2, Sameer Rithwik3, Mahesh Babu Kona4 123 UG student Dept of Cyber security, IOT incl. Blockchain Technology , VVIT, Andhra Pradesh, India 4 UG student Dept of Artificial Intelligence , MITS , Andhra Pradesh, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Blockchain technology has the implicittoreshape and contribute to an enhanced quality of life. Blockchain technology has surfaced as a important force with the eventuality to reshape traditionalparadigmsandsignificantly ameliorate the quality of life. This explorationpaperdivesinto the different practical applications of blockchain. Blockchain plays major role in cryptocurrencies. blockchain boost the sectors ranging from finance and supply chain operation to healthcare and governance. By implementing translucency, security, and data integrity, blockchain is at the van of fostering trust in the digital age. This study examines both the openings and challenges that blockchain presents in real- world , emphasizing its capacity to revise the way we interact with the world around us. Key Words: Blockchain , Applications , Smart contract , Healthcare , Finance , E-governance. 1.INTRODUCTION Blockchain is a technology introduced in 2008 by a person using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi Nakamoto's revolutionary whitepaper on Bitcoin, the first practical implementation of blockchain, introduceda groundbreaking conception , a distributed ledgerableofrecordingdealsinan incorruptibleand immutablemanner.Sincethatmomentous publication, blockchain has enormously evolved beyond its origins in cryptocurrency, web technology and real-world applications .blockchain is implemented in finance , supply chain management to healthcare and E-governance .In the realm of finance, by offering secure, transparency,andcost- effective deals, blockchain led to digital currencies like Bitcoin , Ethereum . The impact extends to supply chain operation, where blockchain ensures end-to-end visibility and responsibility, combatting issues similar as fake products and inefficiencies. In the healthcare sector, usage of Blockchain technology led to provision of secure and interoperable electronic health records( EHRs). This invention streamlines data sharing among healthcare providers, leading to more patient-centric care. In the Governance sector, blockchain driven revolution, promising transparent and tamper-resistant voting systems, as well as secure digital individualities. The birth of blockchain technology can be traced back to the enigmatic Satoshi Nakamoto, whose seminal whitepaper," Bitcoin A Peer- to- Peer Electronic Cash System," published in 2008, laid the foundation for a technological revolution. Nakamoto's visionaryconceptionofa decentralized,tamper- resistant tally surfaced as a direct response to the vulnerabilities exposed by the global financial crisis . The initial implementation of this groundbreaking technology, Bitcoin, made its debut in 2009 as the world's first digital cryptocurrency. It introduceda peer-to-peerelectroniccash system . This invention marked a vital moment in the history of digital currencies, as it showcased the eventuality for a secure, transparent, and borderless system of value exchange. The arrival of blockchain technology didn't simply address the failings of being fiscal systems,it ameliorates real- world operationsthatextendedfarbeyond its cryptocurrency origins. 2. BLOCKCHAIN ARCHITECTURE 2.1 BLOCK HEADER Block header acts as the identification for a particularblock . It is periodically hashed by miners by changing the nonce value . It contains meta data and information about the transactions. 2.2 PREVIOUS BLOCK HASH Previous Block hash is used to connect the present block to the previous block (i th block with the ith-1 block ). It acts as a reference to the parent block . 2.3 TIME STAMP It is the date of creation for digital documents . It helps in arrangement of the blocks in blockchainchronologically. Itis represented as a string of characters. 2.4 NONCE Nonce is a random number used in the mining process only once . In short Nonce is referred to Number used once .Nonce value is changed every time when a miner mines the block to find a valid solution. 2.5 MERKLE ROOT Merkle Root summarizesall thetransactionhashesina block into a single hash , which is then stored in the block header . This results in efficient way of verify if a transaction is included in the block or not, enhancing the blockchain's efficiency and security
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 | Sept 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 371 3. BLOCKCHAIN - CRYPTOCURRENCY Cryptocurrencies are known as digital or virtual form of currency. They are a type of digital currency which people can make their transactions digitally through online platforms . Cryptocurrencies will not have any enacted or intrinsic value they are simply tokens, what people are willing to pay for them in the market. This is in contrast to national currencies. There area numberof cryptocurrencies bit the most well-known of these are Bitcoin and Ether. One of the most active areas of the blockchain is in the financial sector especially in the field of cryptocurrency. Bitcoin has been called as the king of cryptocurrency.Within two years of its quiet launch in 2009, Bit coin grew to comprise billions of dollars of economic value despite only brief assessment of the system's design. Since the timemore and more research has been done to find hidden but important aspects of the system, discover potential attacks, suggest better alternatives, and point out tough challenges we'll face in the future. Below graphs shows the distribution of the ten largest cryptoassets, with Bitcoin maintaining its position as the largest by market cap. The total market cap of cryptocurrency ranges fromapproximately$500-600billion to a peak of $1.5 trillion, source – coinmarketcap.com. Figure 3:Individual proportions of top10 crypto assests Figure 4 - Total marketcap of all cryptoassests 3. 1 BLOCKCHAIN – TRANSACTION PROCESS 1. Transaction initiation - When a user wants to send cryptocurrency, user creates a digital message or a record this record or message includes required information like the public key of the recipient , amount of cryptocurrency to be sent with timestamp. 2. Broadcasting - Message is Broadcasted to the entire network. This message is sent to all nodes in the network for validation 3. Pending state - Transaction joins a pool of pending transactions waiting to beincludedinthenextblock this is often referred as mem-pool or memory pool 4. Creation of Block - Miners , nodes in the network , compete to create a block of transactions . Creation of block is done by solving a complex mathematical problem, often referred to as the PROOF OF WORK. The creation mechanism may vary based on the Consensus mechanism.
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 | Sept 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 372 5. Validation - once the Block is created, it contains a set of pending transactions. After creationtheblock is Broadcasted to the network 6. Network Consensus - Other nodes in the network verify and validate the newly created block . They check the transactions and ensure that the miner followed the network rule . 7. Confirmation - Cryptocurrency often wait for multiple confirmations from the network nodes . Each node's confirmation is considered as a single confirmation. Bitcoin's minimum confirmation for the block to be validated is six. Each new block is then added to the Blockchain. 3.2 Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) Digitalization of assets can be done by adding a layer of uniqueness and ownership verification . Digital asset is an advantage of the blockchain . Digital assets are named as Non-Fungible tokens(NFTs), unlike traditional cryptocurrencies like bitcoin which are fungible and interchangeable, NFTs are not fungible,cannotbedividedor changed and they represent ownership of a specific item or piece of content . NFTs are mostly representedinthe form of digital arts , collectibles , music or virtual estate. Uniqueness of NFT is the reason behind the digitalization of assets in the form NFTs. Each NFT has its own properties that differ from other NFTs . No one can modify or duplicate the NFT or ownership of the NFT. NFTs areissuedbya smart contract . The smart contract can create NFTs and assign them to owner. Ownership of the NFT is done by mapping it to the owner's address. Ownership can be transferred by sending the NFT to receiver . NFT can also be destroyedonly if the creator includes a functionality to burn known as "burn" in the smart contract. Figure 1 : Blockchain Transaction process 4. BLOCKCHAIN – APPLICATIONS Blockchain technology is implemented inseveral operations similar as finance, supply chain operation , healthcare ,E- governance, and property rights. In finance, operation of Blockchain promises secure and transparent deals, potentially reducing the need for third-party and reforming payments styles. In supply chain, Blockchain is enforced by recording and validating each step transparently, reducing crimes and enhancing trust, and enabling real- time traceability. In healthcare, it helps secure electronic health records( EHRs) and data sharing among hospitals , doctors and case- care center. E-Governance made easy byenforcing blockchain for transparent voting systems and securing digital individualities, while property rights are strengthen through blockchain's asset verification and content protection. 4.1 BLOCKCHAIN – FINANCE Blockchain technology is disrupting the financial sector by providing transparency, secure, tamper-resistant transactions. In the traditional financial system, money is sent to the receiver from the sender by the means of third- party or banks. Sender is dependent on the third-party system which is a centralized system. By implementing the blockchain technology we can revolutionize the financial sector by introducing the decentralized system with no third party
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 | Sept 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 373 authority .Blockchain based cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum have gained attention as alternative forms of digital money, replacing the banking system. Blockchain is streamlining cross-border payments, reducing the transaction time from days to minutes. Blockchain also facilitates peer-to-peerlendingplatforms ,withdecentralized Finance (De-Fi) platforms emerging , the traditional finance system are facing a pushback. One of the most significant impacts of Blockchain is its transparency , every transaction is recorded on the blockchain is visible to all theparticipants in network. Transparency is crucial in auditing , fraud detection .Smart contracts are introduced , a self-executing agreements powered by blockchain reducing the need for intermediaries . Blockchain's immutable ledgerensuresthat once a transaction is recorded , it cannot be altered or deleted which results in enhancing thesecurityandintegrity of financial data. 4.2 BLOCKCHAIN – HEALTHCARE In the healthcare there are many network connection of applications that run on block chain technology for privacy and security which includes the storingthedata ,exchanging the data from many hospitals , and also the data from pharmaceutical companies which are having wide range of transportation , physicians. In Early traditional systems the data is stored in physical format likewise paper documents , files in the centralizeddatabases,Thesephysical records face several challenges such as vulnerability to loss, damage,and unauthorized access. Retrieving the data can be time- consuming which leads to delays in patient care and decision-making and the current condition of the patient may vary from the records stored .To overcome this , a new proposal is made by the use of Blockchain technology . Blockchain enhances the healthcare sector by enabling the secure transfer of patient medical records, improving drug supply chain management, and ensuring the safe and efficient way of handling genetic code information. A person's health records are sensitive information andneeds to be dealt with high security .By implementing Blockchain we can store the Health records by encoding using cryptographic hash functions and storing them in Blockchain, where a private key is provided which would allow only specific individuals to access the records. Patient records stored on the blockchain can be seamlessly transmitted to insurance providers, or doctors can securely share health records with relevant parties. It also substantiate how the Ethereum smart contracts will provide automated arbitrations in a secure environment by supporting real-time patient monitoring application. can be integrated with wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices, revolutionizing health record monitoring for both patients and healthcare providers. Blockchain technology Blockchain offers a secure and easily authenticated platform for data transferfrom wearableslike fitness trackers, health monitors, and activity devices. This data is accessible to patients and doctors assuring a secure and real-time monitoringofthepatientshealthandprogress. Doctors can access this secured , regularly updated data which enable them to track patient's healthcare condition and make informed decisions about their healthcare. Insurance claims also plays a vital role in thehealthcarefield that can get benefits from block chain that provides transparency , immutability of stored dataonitwhereinthe blockchain medical insurance system that provides medical insurance industry with encryptedstoredmedical insurance data. The unique capabilities of blockchain whichcanhelpin real-time report of diseases and the that can help identify examination of disease patterns and its transmission parameters and origin. Figure 2 : Blockchain Streamlining Healthcare Roles 4.3 BLOCKCHAIN – E-GOVERNANCE E-governance , often referred to electronic governance , is the usage of digital technologies to enhance and connect the government services to the citizens and engage the citizens in decision making . Initially E-governance is seen as the digitalization of the traditional government practices , making it more accessible and efficient .By implementing Blockchain in the field of e-governance we can upgrade the present practice and enhance the efficiency , transparency , and security to the operations and data . 1. Manage Digital identity: A decentralizedBlockchain platform can be created for managing digital identities. These identities are verified and hash value of the identity is stored in the block , ensuring privacy and reducing the theft risks . This could facilitate secure across several services like online voting system . 2. Secure voting system: As the blockchain is immutable and tamper-resistant ,each vote is recorded as a tamper-proof transaction making it impossible to alter or manipulate which could lead to no fault tolerance . 3. Smart Contracts for Government services: Smart contracts , self executing agreements with predefined rules and conditions can be programmed to automate thegovernmentservices. We can include the public or citizenpool toconsider
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 | Sept 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 374 the opinion of the people by using D-app (decentralized app) 4. Budget and expenditure transparency: By implementing the blockchainingovernment budget and expenditure , the public can track the funds usage which promotes transparency and accountability in government finance. 5. Digital Notary : Blockchain can be used as a digital notary by timestamping documents and transactions to verify its integrity and authenticity . 6. Governmnet pay: Blockchain can be used to track the distribution of the money , resources and other services to the people . Benefits: 1. Transparency : Blockchain usage in E-governance improves the transparency by making the records transparent and available to the public and storing it in a immutable ledger ensuring all the data are visible to authorized people 2. Security: Blockchain encrypts the data by implementing cryptographic algorithms like SHA256 making it highly resistant to unauthorized access 3. Integrity: Data stored and recorded in blockchain cannot be deleted or altered. 4. Decentralization :By implementing blockchain we are removing the central authority,thisreducesthe risk of service/system failure as the nodes in network are up and running . 5. Efficiency: By using Smart contracts for self executing programs based on conditions or agreements we can reduce the human error and increase efficiency.13% of the Blockchain industry is considered to be E-governance.Several publications are being made inorder to implement blockchain in the government services 4.4 BLOCKCHAIN – SUPPLY CHAIN A supply chain is a network formed by different organizations , people , activities,informationand resources involved regarding moving a product/service from supplier to the customer and management of the product Supply Chain management is necessary and used across several sectors including manufacturing , healthcare , logistics .In Traditional supply chain management, a person or an organization acts as a central authority and makes the decision and checks the status of the process or product . All the other members in the network are not provided with accurate information and are dependent on the central authority . Stakeholders and customers doesnotgettoknow the status of the process/product accurately .Traditional supply chain management lacks transparency , limited Traceability , manually recording the data , Delay in Information , High management cost, Limited Trust . Traditional supply chain follows linearstructurewhereeach participant performs its role in a sequential order by downstream .All the decisions are made by central authority such as product scheduling , replenishmentwhichcouldlead to time delay .To overcome it , blockchain is implemented in supply chain management . In Blockchain based supply chain managementsystem, each step of the supply chain is recorded in blockchain , from raw materials extraction to end consumer , ensuring that every transaction and status is visible to the end consumer and immutable . This boosts the transparency in supply chain and reduces risk of fraud and counterfeiting. It provides consumers with the ability to trace the origin of products.In this system central authority is replace by smart contracts and the process gets executed based on conditions, agreements which reduces the time delay in decision making. We can automate various processes like payment, order fulfillment , order status . Smart contracts streamline operations, reduces delays , and mitigate disputes .Data regarding the consumer and information of theproductsare stored by encrypting using blockchain's cryptographic techniques to ensure compliance with data privacy regulations. 5. CONCLUSION: In the current era of technological advancement, blockchain has transformed with several real-world applications. Initially Blockchain is used in cryptocurrencies. Now blockchain has impact on various sectors by extending its advantages and acting as a transformative force for the real world operations. Decentralizationandtransparencyplaysa major role in implementing in real world applications . Blockchain offers enhanced security , traceability which is critical in several sectors. Blockchain is used in sectors like finance , supply chain , health care, E-governance and more . Traditional banking system is replaced by the blockchain's decentralized finance and cryptocurrency offering secure and reducing intermediaries . Supply chain benefits from blockchain's usage by providing end-to-end visibility of the consumer .Blockchain being integrated in Healthcare industry to secure health records instead of traditional way of maintaining physical records .E-governance gets benefited by blockchains tamper-resistant immutable recording and integrity.In the new era , blockchain brings new ways of enhancing the real world applications by offering a new paradigm for industries.
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 | Sept 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 375 [1] Appasani, B.; Mishra, S.K.; Jha, V.A.; Mishra, S.K.; Enescu, F.M.; Sorlei, I.S.; Birleanu, F.G.; Takorabet, N.; Thounthong, P.; Bizon, N. Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8801 . [CrossRef] [2] Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, 2008. [3] D. Yaga, P. Mell, N. Roby, and K. Scarfone, “Blockchain technologyoverview,”2019, https://arxiv.org/abs/1906. 11078. [4] S. Aggarwal, R. Chaudhary, G. S. Aujla, N. Kumar, K. R. Choo, and A. Y. Zomaya, Blockchain for smart communities: Applications, challenges and opportunities, J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 144, pp. 13– 48, 2019. [5] Knapp K., et al. Information security; management’s effect on culture and policy. Information Management and Computer Security. 2006;14(1):36. [CrossRef] [6] Yli-Huumo J, et al. Where Is Current Research on Blockchain Technology?-A Systematic Review. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0163477. [PMCfreearticle] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [7] Martindale, J. (2018), ‘What is a blockchain? Here’s everything you need to know’, Digital Trend website: https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/what-is-a- blockchain/. [8] Beck R., Stenum Czepluch, J., Nikolaj Lollike, N., Malone, S., (2016). Blockchain-the Gateway to Trust Free Cryptographic Transactions. In ECIS. Research Paper 153. [9] Dubovitskaya A., et al. Secure and Trustable Electronic Medical Records Sharing using Blockchain. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2017;2017:650–659. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [10] D. Li, D. Han, T. Weng, Z. Zheng, H. Li, H. Liu, A. Castiglione, and K. Li, Blockchain for federated learning toward secure distributed machine learning systems: A systemic survey, Soft Comput., vol. 26, pp. 4423–4440, 2022. [11] Morini M. From “Blockchain hype” to a real business case for Financial Markets. 2016. [cited 2018 10 November]; Available from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstrac t_id=2760184. [12] E. Rohrer and F. Tschorsch, Kadcast: A structured approach to broadcastinblockchainnetworks,inProc.1 st ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, Zurich, Switzerland, 2019, pp. 199–213. [13] Mckinsey Quarterly. Artificial intelligence takes shape: AI is poised to transform the workplace and the economy. 2017. [cited 2018 9 November]; 4: [Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/quarterly/the- magazine/2017-issue-4-mckinsey-quarterly. [14] S. Jabbar, H. Lloyd, M. Hammoudeh, B. Adebisi, and U. Raza, Blockchain-enabled supply chain: Analysis, challenges, and future directions, Multim. Syst., vol. 27, pp. 787–806, 2021. [15] Botton, N. (2018), ‘Blockchain and Trade: Not a Fix for Brexit, but Could Revolutionise Global Value Chains (If Governments Let It),’ ECIPE Policy Brief No1. [16] Pustišek M, Kos A. Approaches to Front-End IoT Application Development for the Ethereum Blockchain. Procedia Computer Science. 2018;129:410– 419. [CrossRef] [17] M Vukolić, in The Quest for Scalable Blockchain Fabric: Proof-of-Work vs. BFT Replication. Open problems in network security (Springer, Cham, 2015), pp. 112– 125 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39028-4_9 [18] Blockcahin for healthcare [CrossRef] [19] European Commission. eGovernment Benchmark 2020: eGovernment That Works for the People: Background Report; Publications Office of the EU: Luxembourg, 2020; pp. 1–199 [CrossRef] [20] Páez, R.; Pérez, M.; Ramírez, G.; Montes, J.; Bouvarel, L. An architecture for biometric electronic identification document system based on blockchain. Future Internet 2020, 12, 10 [CrossRef] REFERENCES
Download now