Why just one sperm can enter the secondary oocyteWhy just one s.pdf

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Why just one sperm can enter the secondary oocyte? Why just one sperm can enter the secondary oocyte? Solution Sperm fuses with the egg and fertilizes it. Normally only one sperm fuses with an egg and if more than one sperm fuses this is called polyspermy.Development of the zygote usually stops if polyspermy occurs and in most cases, the egg cell blocks polyspermy. In polyspermy,multipolar or extra miotic spindles are formed which stop the fertilized egg development by causing faulty segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The egg plasma prevent polyspermy by depolarising the egg plasma membranes after the first sperm cell fuses with the egg cell. Thus preventing further sperm from fusing, this is the primary block to polyspermy. The secondary block to polyspermy is by the cortical reaction within the egg cell . the fusion of the sperm with an egg plasma membrane causes an increase in cytosolic calcium within the egg. The calcium activates the egg to begin development, which initiates a cortical reaction that releases various enzymes that change the structure of the outside layer of the egg. This hardens the zona pellucida which prevents another sperm from binding to it..

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Many biologists will talk about the group known as Ungulates, or hoofed mammals. This group includes species as diverse as pigs (Sus), elk (Cervus), cows (Bos), hippos (Hippopotamus), extinct species (e.g., Elomeryx and Archaeotherium), and even rhinos and horses (Equus). Based upon the tree above and assuming this tree is correct, is this group (Ungulates) monophyletic?A. Yes, because all of these species share the synapomorphy of hooves Solution b. Yes, because all of these species share a most recent common ancestor All the members of the group of interest are more closely related to each other than they are to the outgroup. Hence, the outgroup stems from the base of the tree. An outgroup can give you a sense of where on the bigger tree of life the main group of organisms falls. It is also useful when constructing evolutionary trees..

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Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column at right. Endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Transport vesicles Secretory granules Endosome Lysosome Mitochondrion Chloroplast Plasma membrane Nucleus Location of most of the cell\'s DNA site of fuel oxidation Separates the inside of the cell from the outside Carries important biochemical into the cell Membrane with ribosomes attached Site of photosynthesis Contains digestive enzymes Destined for fusion with the plasma membrane 9 Common form of cytoplasmic membrane Site of carbohydrate addition to proteins Processes exogenous chemicals Facilitates communication between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex Solution Please find the correct matches with reasons in parenthesis: a. Endoplasmic reticulum : 9 (the endoplasmic reticulum is normally found concentrated near the nucleus and is considered as a physical extension of nuclear membrane only) b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum: 10 (smooth ER represents the site for protein modification by glycosylation) c. rough endoplasmic reticulum: 5 (this is the site for protein synthesis) d. golgi complex: 12 (the proteins released for rough ER are transported to smooth ER for post translational modification such as glycosylation via the golgi complex only) e. transport vesicles: 4 (the transport vesciles pinch off the golgi complex for tranversing the material from one part of cell to the other) f. Secretory granules: 8 (secretory granules are released from one cell for extracellular transport which ultimately fuse with plasma membrane of other cell for inlet of the materials) g. endosomes:11(endosome is the first vesicle which ingest any foreign material and processes it) h. lysosomes: 7 (this contains hydrolyzing enzymes which help in digestion) i. mitochondria: 2 (known as energy house of the cell by oxidative phosphorylation) j. chloroplast: 6 (found only in green plants and lower organisms, chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis) k. plasma membrane: 3 (it represents the boundary of the periphery of a cell for discrimination between inside and outside) l. nucleus: 1 (this contains the genetic material i.e. DNA of the cell).

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Identify whether the Fed should continue its current pace of security purchases, and indicate what “forward guidance” the Fed should issue now and why? Be specific in answering the question. Forward guidance is the specific language the Fed uses to indicate the direction and extent of their future policy action. (Give Citations) Solution It is a tool by which one keep promise to maintain the interest rate low by central bank by its monetary power. In the supply of liberalization era supply is the sole determinator. Hence, monetary policy is useful. LM curve to some extent is not exogenous now. It has been replaced by Taylor\'s curve. Hence, it is good to raise investment. But how much this parity goes with FDI it depends. If it is only the matter of domestic investment then, it is a proper tool..

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How are criminals maximizing their total utility? Solution The optimization function of criminals is like this: Maximize Utility = U(Wealth accumulated from crimes), Subject to \"Freedom\" Constraint = Minimum conviction That is, they maximize utility by accumulating as much wealth they can from committing crimes, subject to the constraint that they need to spend as less time in prisons (by avoiding being caught, convicted and sentenced), since the more time they spend in prisons, the less they get time to commit further crimes and gather wealth from such activities..

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Help with my biostats Homework. Please show all work!! Mendel developed his theory of genetics by observing large numbers of offspring from particular parents during plant breeding experiments. However, appropriate statistical methods for a rigorous analysis of such genetic data were only invented about 50 years later, so Mendel basically said \"The data seem to agree with Illy theory.\" Today, we can analyze Mendel\'s data statistically to see if he was right. According to Mendel\'s theory, if pea plants heterozygous for the two traits of seed color and seed texture are crossed, offspring will be produced with phenotypes in the following proportions: Here are the actual data Mendel collected from an experiment crossing two such parents: Use an appropriate statistical analysis to determine whether these data agree with Mendel\'s theory. State the conclusion of your analysis clearly. Solution We use Goodness of Fit Test to do it. The test hypothesis: Ho: these data agree with Mendel\'s theory (i.e. null hypothesis) Ha: these data do not agree with Mendel\'s theory (i.e. alternative hypothesis)observedexpectedO - E(O - E).

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