COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS OF VARIOUS SOILS

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp.
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976
© IAEME Publication Scopus
COMPARISON OF VERTIC
MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN
FOUNDATIONS OF VARIO
PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,
Asst.Prof, Civil Engineering Department,
ABSTRACT
Objectives: In this paper, Modelling of G+5 Building with four bay is done in STAAD.Pro
considering live load, dead load, to get the weight of structure. The contact between the super
structure and sub-structure are studied by modelling the soil in a simple way to cap
overall response of the system.
done, Foundation design is calculated and the obtained support reactions from STAAD.Pro
are applied in PLAXIS, a finite element software to find the verti
foundation and isolated footing) of structure for clayey and sandy soils.
has more bearing capacity compared to clayey soil. It is observed that clayey soil with isolated
footing get more vertical settleme
foundation get more vertical settlement compared to the isolated footing.
Key words: Vertical settlement, Sub
foundation, Isolated footing, PLAXIS, STAA
Cite this Article: K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala
a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils
Civil Engineering and Technology
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
A building that has multiple number of floors above the ground is generally referred as multi
building. The aim of multi-storey buildings is to rise the floor area
area of the land, there-by utilizing land and maintaining
on isolated footings, combined footings,
of supporting sub soil and the amount of load coming on to the structure. The multi storied buildings
which are constructed on weak strata at shallow depth are generally supported on pile foundations. The
IJCIET/index.asp 748 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 748–755 Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_089
6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
Scopus Indexed
COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A
STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT
FOUNDATIONS OF VARIOUS SO
K. HEMALATHA REDDY
PG Student, Civil Engineering Department,
K L University, A P, India
K. SAI KALA
Asst.Prof, Civil Engineering Department,
K L University, A P, India
In this paper, Modelling of G+5 Building with four bay is done in STAAD.Pro
considering live load, dead load, to get the weight of structure. The contact between the super
structure are studied by modelling the soil in a simple way to cap
overall response of the system. Methods/Analysis: After modeling of building in STAAD.Pro is
are applied in PLAXIS, a finite element software to find the vertical settlement (Embedded pile
foundation and isolated footing) of structure for clayey and sandy soils. Findings:
footing get more vertical settlement compared to the embedded pile, sandy soil with pile
foundation get more vertical settlement compared to the isolated footing.
Vertical settlement, Sub-structure, Super-structure, Building frame, Pile
foundation, Isolated footing, PLAXIS, STAAD Pro.
K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala, Comparison of Vertical Settlement in
Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils. International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 748–755.
A building that has multiple number of floors above the ground is generally referred as multi
storey buildings is to rise the floor area of the building without increase in the
utilizing land and maintaining economy. Many building frames are supported
combined footings, pile foundations and raft foundations. It depends on the
ting sub soil and the amount of load coming on to the structure. The multi storied buildings
editor@iaeme.com
AL SETTLEMENT IN A
DIFFERENT
US SOILS
In this paper, Modelling of G+5 Building with four bay is done in STAAD.Pro
considering live load, dead load, to get the weight of structure. The contact between the super-
structure are studied by modelling the soil in a simple way to capture the
After modeling of building in STAAD.Pro is
cal settlement (Embedded pile
Findings: Sandy soil
nt compared to the embedded pile, sandy soil with pile
structure, Building frame, Pile
Comparison of Vertical Settlement in
International Journal of
A building that has multiple number of floors above the ground is generally referred as multi-Storied
of the building without increase in the
Many building frames are supported
pile foundations and raft foundations. It depends on the nature
ting sub soil and the amount of load coming on to the structure. The multi storied buildings

Comparison of Vertical Settlement in a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 749 editor@iaeme.com
interaction problem becomes more complex when the soil, foundation and structure are to be modelled
with equal rigor. The methods used to solve the soil structure interaction problem are direct approach,
substructure approach. Direct approach is one in which the soil and structure are modelled together in a
single step secretarial for both inertial and kinematic interaction. Inertial interaction progresses in
building of its vibrations be nevolent to base shear and basement moments, which further causes
movements at the foundation comparative to permissible field. While kinematic interface propagates due
to occurrence of rigid foundation elements on or in soil affecting footing motion to diverge from
permissible‐field motions. Substructure approach is the one in which the analysis wrecked down into a
quite a few number of steps that the principal of superposition is used to separate the two primary
reasons of soil structure interaction that is inability of foundation to counterpart the free field
deformation and the effect of dynamic response of structure foundation system on the association of
supporting soil. In the investigation and strategy of engineered structures it was supposed that the
foundation of structure was fixed to a rigid underlying medium. From the last few eras, nevertheless, it
has been documented that Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) changed the response characteristics of a
structural system because of massive and stiff nature of structure and softness of soil. Numerous studies
have performed to study the effect of SSI on vibrant response of structures such as high‐rise structures,
atomic power plants and elevated highways. The subsequent section deliberates the critical review on the
SSI analysis of framed structures sustained on pile foundations.
2. METHODOLOGY (AS PER FIGURE-1 TO 5, TABLE-1 TO 3)
2.1 Winkler Approach:
The Winkler approach, also known as sub grade reaction theory, is the oldest method to predict pile
deflections and bending moments.
EP IP d4
u/d4
z + Q d2
u/dz2
= -w = - pd = - Kh ud …………. (1)
EP Ip d4
u/dz4
+ Qd2
u/dz2
+ Kh ud = 0…………….. (2)
Where, EP = pile modulus of elasticity
Q = axial load on pile
d = pile diameter
Ip = moment of inertia of pile cross section
p = pile containing soil pressure
u = lateral deflection of pile at point X along the length of the pile
Kh = soil lateral sub-grade reaction modulus
2.2 P‐‐‐‐Y Method:
The p‐y approach is used to investigate the reaction of horizontally loaded piles is basically a
modification of the basic Winkler model.
. p/pult= 0.5[y/y50]1/3
Where, pult= ultimate soil resistance per unit length coming on-to the pile
y50= 1+1/2 of the ultimate soil resistance (deflection)
The regular models of the frame consist of all modules that effect the deformability of building,
stiffness, strength and mass. All beams and columns are modeled in STAAD.Pro.
2.3 RCC Frame:
In this project, it is considered that the G+5 building with 4-bay spacing of each is 3m along X and Z
direction. The whole building is modeled in STAAD.Pro, loads considered on the building are given
below.

K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala
Loads: The unit weight of plain concrete is taken as24 KN/m3
and reinforced concrete is taken as
25 KN/m3
.
Maximum support reaction occurs at node 13 as 858.892KN
Pile foundation and isolated footings designs were calculated.
Figure 1 Live Loads
Figure 2 Dead loads

Figure 3 Plan of Pile Cap
Figure 4 Elevation of Isolated footing
#16 @ 290mm
0.7m EMBED
#12 @ 155mm
125mm CLR TYP

Figure 5 Mesh Deformation of Clayey Soil
Table 1 Details of RCC frame
Table 2 Details of dead and live loads
Table 3 Applied loads for stress level and strength level
S. No Property Dimensions Grade of concrete
1 Plinth Beam 230 x 300 mm M30
2 Floor Beam 230 x 500 mm M30
3 Column 230 x 450 mm M30
4 Slab 150 mm M30
S. No Type Load
1 External Wall 12 KN/m
2 Internal Wall 6 KN/m
3 Slab Dead Load 4.75 KN/m2
4 Slab Live Load 2 KN/m2
Loads Considered (Service stress level)
LC
Axial
(KN)
Shear X
(KN)
Shear Z
(KN)
Moment X
(KN-m)
Moment Z
(KN-m)
11 454.793 0.000 -1.743 -0.846 0.000
12 682.189 -0.000 -2.615 -1.270 0.000
13 597.140 38.468 -2.675 -1.279 -58.533
14 597.140 -38.468 -2.675 -1.279 58.533
15 381.648 -0.000 22.478 32.788 0.000
16 812.632 -0.000 -27.827 -35.347 0.000
17 597.152 17.335 -2.675 -1.279 -26.258
Loads Considered (Strength Level)
LC
Axial
(KN)
Shear X
(KN)
Shear Z
(KN)
Moment X
(KN-m)
Moment Z
(KN-m)
11 454.793 0.000 -1.743 -0.846 0.000
12 682.189 -0.000 -2.615 -1.270 0.000
13 597.140 38.468 -2.675 -1.279 -58.533
14 597.140 -38.468 -2.675 -1.279 58.533
15 381.648 -0.000 22.478 32.788 0.000
16 812.632 -0.000 -27.827 -35.347 0.000
17 597.152 17.335 -2.675 -1.279 -26.258

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS (AS PER FIGURE-6,7,8 AND TABLE-4)
Given load combinations are same for strength level and stress level so obtained strength and stress
values are equal for isolated footing.
3.1 Soil Behavior Results From PLAXIS 2D:
Fig 8 shows the graph for Effective stress for both soils (Clay and sand)in pile foundation and isolated
footing. This clearly indicates that Clayey soil is higher for both type of foundations than for sandy
soil. The effective stress of clayey soil is 23.75% more than sandy soil for isolated footing. The
effective stress of clayey soil is 23.38% more than sandy soil for pile foundation.
Fig 9 shows the graph for Vertical Displacement for both soils (Clay and sand) in pile foundation
and isolated footing. This clearly indicates that Clayey soil is higher for both type of foundations than
for sandy soil. The Vertical Displacement of clayey soil is 24.28% more than sandy soil for isolated
footing. The Vertical Displacement of clayey soil is 22.36% more than sandy soil for pile foundation.
Figure 6 Mesh Deformation of Sandy Soil
Figure 7 Effective stress for both soils (Clay and sand)

Figure 8 Vertical Displacement of both soils (Clay and sand).
Table 4 Total Vertical displacement of Foundation with clayey and Sandy Soils
Soil Type Foundation Vertical Displacement (mm) Stresses KN/m2
Clayey
Isolated 33.02 33.93
Pile 32.46 34
Sandy
Isolated 25 25.87
Pile 25.2 26.05
4. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, clayey soil and sandy soil in isolated footing and pile foundation are compared for
vertical displacement and effective stress respectively.
4.1 Vertical Displacement:
1. It is observed that the vertical displacement of clayey soil is 24.28% more than sandy soil for isolated
footing.
2. The vertical displacement of clayey soil is 22.36% more than sandy soil for pile foundation.
3. It is also observed that vertical displacement for isolated footing got 1.69% more than pile foundation in
clayey soil.
4. Vertical Displacement for Isolated footing is0.79% less than pile foundation in sandy soil.
4.2 Effective Stress:
1. It is observed that the effective stress of clayey soil is 23.75% more than sandy soil for isolated footing.
2. The effective stress of clayey soil is 23.38% more than sandy soil for pile foundation.
3. It is also observed that the effective stress for isolated footing got 0.25% less than pile foundation in
clayey soil.
4. Effective stress for isolated footing is0.69% less than pile foundation in sandy soil.

REFERENCES
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COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS OF VARIOUS SOILS

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COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS OF VARIOUS SOILS