Essay About Australia’S Policy On Illegal Migrants

Essay about Australia’s Policy on Illegal Migrants
Australia's Policy on Illegal Migrants
Australian immigration has a long history, which began over 50,000 years ago when the ancestors of
Australian Aborigines arrived via Indonesia and New Guinea. Britain colonized the country in 1788,
before that, Europeans began landing the continent in the 1600's and 1700's. In recent decades
Australia has faced the serious problem of large–scale illegal migration, which has occurred
residents instability and unrest. In this essay, Australia's immigration policy would be evaluated,
especially on illegal migrants' aspect. Some details will be given by questions that who illegal
migrants are, where they come from and why they choose to become the illegal ... Show more
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Foreigners currently living in Australia with one of temporary visas can apply to be permanent
residence as well.
The immigration program currently consists of family reunion which usually accounts for about 60
per cent of the program with the greatest numbers comprising spouses, finances, parents and
children, and skilled and business migrant that will comprise approximately 20 per cent of the
program and will be tightly controlled. DIMIA says that the migration program for 2004–05 has
120,000 places available for migrants, with a strong focus on attracting skilled people and people
who agree to live in regional areas of Australia. However, the other program which called the
humanitarian program is designed for refugees and others in special need. The Department of
Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs says that the size of the 2004–05
humanitarian programs is 13,000 places
In the 21st Century, it is very easy to become an illegal migrant. Besides Australia, Europe, Canada,
USA, and all first world countries are now experiencing a significant influence of illegal migrants'
influx. Today, the most serious job for the immigration department is to keep illegal migrants out.
According to Australia's Migration Act 1958, it "requires that all non Australian citizens who are
unlawfully in Australia be detained and that unless they are given permission to remain in
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Asylum Seekers Research Paper
The prominence in relation to Asylum Seekers and Refugees has become a contemporary issue
within Australian society and has amounted vast controversy in the media. A Refugee can be defined
as a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural
disaster as found in the 1951 convention relating to the status of refugees, in which Australia is a
signatory to. Every refugee has or will be an asylum seeker. An Asylum Seeker is a person who has
left their home country as a political refugee seeking asylum in another but has not had their claim
assessed. Asylum seekers have experienced serious breaches of their rights, religious freedom and
justice to reach safety. If asylum seekers are found to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People smuggling involves the illegal entry of a person or persons across international borders. It
was reported that the ASIO had been involved in cash payments to members of Indonesian
smuggling rings. The issue claims that officials paid $30,000 to 6 crew members to turn back the
vessel to Indonesia. Resource efficiency would have been achieved with a much lower cost to send
back the Asylum Seekers than to process them onshore in Australia. The Criminal Code 1995 would
be the most effective legislation in this case. Section 73 of the Commonwealth Criminal Code
makes it an offence to provide material support and/or Resources which aid people smuggling and
had been reportedly broken by ASIO. The Australian government has been ineffective in the use of
the application of the rule of law with the use of illegal

Internally Displaced Person
Preamble:
For decades, they were largely ignored and forgotten, but together they probably comprise the
world‟s largest group of vulnerable people. Currently, there are an estimated 30 million of them in
at least 50 countries living amidst war and persecution. They have little legal or physical protection
and a very uncertain future – outcasts in their own countries. Bureaucratically, they are described as
IDPs – or „internally displaced persons.‟ In the real world, they are civilians, mostly women and
children, who have been forced to abandon their homes because of conflict or persecution to seek
safety elsewhere. The idea and the phenomenon of internal displacement are not recent. According
to United Nations Office for the Coordination ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, a United Nations report, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement uses the definition:
Internally displaced persons are "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to
flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to
avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or
natural or human–made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State
border." 4
Components of the IDP definition
The definition provided by the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement highlights two
elements:
3 4
www.unhcr.org/internallydisplacedpeople United Nations report of Guiding Principles on Internal
Displacement, Introduction, Para 2
3
1) The coercive or otherwise involuntary character of movement. 2) The fact that such movement
takes place within national borders.
Refugee vs. IDPs
Both groups often leave their homes for similar reasons. Civilians are recognized as „refugees‟
when they cross an international frontier to seek sanctuary in another country. The internally
displaced, for whatever reason, remain in their own states. Newly arrived refugees normally receive
food, shelter and a place of safety from the host country. A well–defined body of international laws

and conventions protects them. The UN refugee agency and other humanitarian organizations work
within this legal framework to

The Causes Of Forced Migration In The Country Of Population
Forced migration is defined as, "a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and
internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts within their country of origin) as well as
people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or
development projects" (Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, n.d.). Since the
1940, this issue has risen steady and affects over a million individuals globally. In 2015, nine out of
1000 people were evacuated by force (Bozorgmehr & Razum, 2017). Health problems can become
abundant among forced migrants due to the vast amount of people dwelling within a small camp.
Multiple diseases may begin to fester among the refuge location because many people may bring the
foreign illness to the location. This may lead to new illnesses in a place that has not experienced that
particular type of illness in that area. Because majority of forced migrants are in such crowded
quarters, diseases can proliferate quickly throughout the population as a result of poor hygiene and
sanitation. This leads to an increase in health care demand; however, due to the increased amount of
people in the vicinity these types of services may be limited or unavailable to the individuals. A
decrease or destruction of health care to forced migrates can eventually lead to and increase
mortality rate (Skolnik, 2016). Language and cultural barriers may impact health care attainment for
some individuals of forced

The End Of The Palestinian Refugee Crisis
The Arab argument is that the Jews purposefully expelled the native Palestinians from Palestine to
make room for a Jewish state. They claim that the Palestinian Arab population was violently
removed from their homes in Palestine by the Israeli army and forced to flee to neighboring Arab
countries. However, historical fact points in the other direction. The start of the Palestinian refugee
crisis was rooted in the divisions within the Arab population and its leadership. In Palestine, there
were several dozen elite families, the 'Ayan, who controlled areas of Palestine. These families ruled
on a strictly local scale and did not communicate with each other, creating what Benny Morris
described as "a highly regional, oligarchic structure." The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This emotional detachment from the land was a major factor in the ease in which the Palestinians
fled their homes for neighboring countries. This dysfunctional society and its pronounced lack of
leadership prompted many Arabs to flee right after the Partition Plan was adopted by the United
nations, before the war. In 1947, Arab morale was low in Palestine. There was a constant fear of
Jewish reprisals for Arab terrorist attacks and the Palestinians did not have faith in their leaders
ability and even willingness to protect them. The Arabs feared being caught in the war and they
feared the prospect of living under Jewish rule. Wealthy Arab families were the in the vanguard of
the Arab flight with Haganah reports of groups of fleeing Arabs on November 30, 1947, the day
immediately following the ratification of the Partition Plan. A few days later, Arabs in Jerusalem,
Jaffa, Tel Aviv and other towns and villages were evacuating their homes. On December 9, 1947, the
Haganah intelligence service reported that "wealthy families were leaving the [coastal] cities –
heading inland. Rich people are emigrating to Syria, Lebanon, and even Cyprus." The number of
Arabs fleeing swelled so rapidly that on January 11, 1948, Elias Sasson, who was the director of the
Arab Division of the Jewish Agency's Political Department, wrote to King Abdullah of Transjordan:
"There is fear and terror everywhere. The flight is

Migration And Its Effects On The Global Economy
migration, a contribution to economic growth in the host country and the flow of remittances,
money the migrants earn working abroad and then sending the earnings back to the family, to the
home country. Yet, migration brings negative attitudes on immigrants such as "...worries that
migration may reduce the job opportunities for natives and place a strain on public services...fears
are exacerbated by the weak global economy, and many countries have adopted measures...to stem
the flow of peoples across borders" (383). Another cause could also be due to these countries who
have a large number of people that are essentially illiterate, they have barely any knowledge on
family planning, and are located below the poverty line. In addition, they are unaware of the harmful
effects that overpopulation can have. Not only is there a lack of family planning, but what is known
as a Youth Bulge in Sub–Saharan Africa can help further explain the causes of overpopulation. This
youth bulge grows as the increasing youth population in the Global South continuously faces lack of
resources to provide for families and poor economic conditions. These frustrated youth can be more
prone to turning to religious fundamentalism or an involvement in crime and terrorism (Kegley &
Blanton 380). Developing countries have a huge increase in people between the ages of 15 and 29.
Justin Yifu Lin, former World Bank Chief Economist, states, "...if a large cohort of young people
cannot find employment and earn

Essay about Chechen Refugee Camps and Education
Chechen Refugee Camps and Education
620/ PSYCH
April 14, 2014
Dr. Neysa Hatcher
Chechen Refugee Camps and Education
The creation of schools is one of the leading ways to produce hope and stability in refugee camps.
Many would love to go to school because, currently they have no other option, but to teach
themselves. Refugees can recall having great memories of their past school experiences, which they
use as motivation to continue to learn. On account of my involvement with a refugee relief
organization, I have been assigned the job of creating schools in the Chechen refugee camps of
Chechnya. The primary means of survival and daily focus for these refugees have been through
humanitarian aid. That assistance is made ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The development of an education system in the refugee camps is an impressive yet intimidating
task. For that reason, the three things that I would like to understand before obligating me to this
project are: 1) How long are the refugee camps offered as a necessary placement for the Chechens to
be located in, 2) How and when can I start compiling data on the education levels of all the refugees
within the camp on the different subjects of reading, writing and math, 3) How would I start to find
out the mental health problems of those due to the traumatic change in environment and lose of
identity, 4) I would have to find suitable teachers, buildings, and who will be funding the program.
Hopefully, there are suitable buildings because this will be another expense we would have to look
at for funding purposes. Having a psychologist within the school would also help tremendously
because many students need the counseling. All of these items are needed in order to get things in
order for the start of the project. Of course, there will be other things that I would like to better
understand, but those will come up in the progress of the work.
Ethnocentric Challenges That May Arise When Planning the Project
There have been ongoing and unresolved issues among the Russians and Chechens for many years.
According to DeWaal (2002), "Russians believe that Islam has maintained a stronghold in Chechnya
communities for many years"(p.1). The fighting has coerced Chechens

Aylan Kurdi Suicide
For decades, the people of Syria have suffered violence due to corrupt political leaders and the
radical factions that attempt to dismantle the sinuous body that governs them. Therefore, the people
of Syria either fall victim to an endless cycle which forces them to either live under deplorable
conditions or escape and seek amnesty in other countries. However, because of the surplus of
refugees in Syria host countries–namely Lebanon–not only refuse to support the refugees, these
countries also develop legislation that prevents Palestinians specifically from constructing housing
and working. As a result, many attempt to escape; however, few survive let alone receive amnesty.
Thus, while refugees fight against the volatile countries that 'claim' them, the globe pivots to watch a
young Aylan Kurdi lay dead on a Turkish beach–cries from his silent body ... Show more content on
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The complete disregard for those in Lebanon, leads to travesties; incidentally, in the drowning of
Aylan Kurdi, a young Syrian refugee attempting to escape the violence that infected his home
drowned in his escape from Syria. Therefore, whenever tragedy strikes, such in the case of Aylan
Kurdi, publishers such as The Wall Street Journal must take full advantage of its authority to share
the story of not only the young refugee Aylan but all of the suffering refugees in Syria and Lebanon.
The Syrians and the Lebanese face several complications including, the lack of support from their
governments to nonexistent human rights, and total neglect from the world concerning the overall
well being of the refugees from the middle–east. Through Aylan's tragic attempt at escape, the public
has awoken to the cries of countless refugees in Syria seeking

Refugee Experiences: Inside Out And Back Again
Refugee Experiences "Doesn't the world see the suffering of the millions of refugees of Palestinians
who have been living in exile around the world or in refugee camps for the past 60 years? No state,
no home, no identity, no right to work. Doesn't the world see this injustice?" (Ismail Haniyeh). This
is how many of the universal refugees feel. There are millions of refugees all over the world in
similar situations. This is also similar to how Ha feels in the book "Inside Out and Back Again."
Ha's life mirrors the universal refugee experience because many lives are turned inside out, they
have to get used to their new living arrangements, and they have to adapt to a new world.
Many global refugees, including Ha, have their lives turned completely ... Show more content on
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Many people are not used to refugees, so they think badly of them. Most of the refugees encounter
racism and have to deal with insensitive comments. In the book Ha encountered this kind of
behavior when she went to school. Some of them try to learn different languages and other customs
that the local people do. Many refugees have to find some way to support themselves and their
families, so they get jobs or make things to earn money. Almost all of the refugees miss their homes
and want to return, but with all of the wars and fighting going on it is nearly impossible.
After spending quite a bit of time in a "new world" the refugees get used to their new lives. Many of
them have a well paying job and start to become used to their surroundings. After a while many of
the locals don't care as much about having the refugees around. To many of the refugees this new
place actually starts to feel like a home, but it could never replace the home that they left behind.
The universal refugees experiences are a lot like Ha's life in the book "Inside Out and Back Again."
Their lives are turned inside out when they first leave their original homes. They slowly have to
cope with their "new" lives. Lastly, they adapt to their homes and get used to where they

The Sad Nature of the Conflict between Israel and...
Before hearing this lecture, I'd never heard of the Palestinian refugee camps in the Middle East or
thought much about the Palestinian people. This lecture helped me understand the truly sad nature of
the conflict between Israel and Palestine.
You began the lecture by showing a video about the Aida refugee camp, which is one of many
camps the in which the Israelis placed the Palestinians once Israel became a country after WWII.
Then you spoke of your experiences living and working there. Telling stories of Israelis shooting
children, throwing tear gas at silent protestors, and being cruel at checkpoints, you talked about the
people who live in that camp. You discussed how the Israelis wish to eliminate the Palestinians and
how they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
should support this. It seems obvious that, though Israel may have once been God's chosen people,
Jesus has come, making what was once "holy war" unnecessary.
As I listened to the lecture, the Aida refugee camp kept reminding me of the Native American
reservations in the U.S. Just like the Palestinians, Native Americans were suppressed because they
were in the way; they were hidden to be forgotten. Unlike how the Israelites shoot at the
Palestinians, however, we don't generally shoot at people on reservations anymore. Yet, America in
general wants to forget about these people. Seeing the cute children from the Aida camp and hearing
your stories about their excitement for the activities reminded me of the children from the
Winnebago, Nebraska reservation where I know many kids. People from my church go twice a year
to continue relationships and do VBS with kids there. We've brought a few back to Michigan over
the years to participate in a trip with our own middle schoolers. I've loved being a part of that
ministry. The Aida center seems very similar. I find it sad that the kids in the Aida camp must live in
the constant fear of not having enough water and of even being killed. At least for Native Americans
they mostly just live in fear of their own families and the general hopelessness that the res brings.
Though reservations have more freedom and amenities than the refugee camp, living on them isn't
easy either. In a lot

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Refugees
Nowadays a plethora of definitions exists in refugee issue, therefore, judicial harmonization should
be one of the priorities to tackle this problem. There are refugees themselves, asylum seekers,
forcibly displaced persons, stateless persons and finally economic migrants. Refugees are persons
identified in Article 1 of the 1951 Convention, however any of the above–mentioned categories can
fall under "refugee" status as well under relevant circumstances. Asylum seekers are persons, who
have fled their countries and claim to be refugees, but their asylum applications are yet to be
reviewed, hence they are not recognized as refugees in legal terms. Forcibly displaced persons may
also qualify as refugees, should they cross the international border and their application for asylum
is successful, i.e. they present substantial proof that they had to fled their home country because of
the persecution. Stateless persons can become refugees on similar grounds, insofar they meet the
requirements prescribed in Article 1 of the 1951 Convention. As for the economic migrants, there is
also a chance that they could qualify as refugees, in case in addition to severe economic conditions
in their home countries they also face the risk of persecution.
Another ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All–encompassing approach shall allow to include the most persecuted group possible within the
term "refugee" and grant them required international legal protection under 1951 Convention and
1967 Protocol. Furthermore, it supersedes current definitions and nullifies existing contradictions
between them, as anyone can qualify as a refugee provided he faces or may face substantiated fear
of prosecution. Overall, the proposed approach is more humanitarian than the existing, as its
primary aim is to treat one's life precious and place survival of a human being above the

The Protests Of The Syrian Uprising Essay
"Security forces opened fire, killing at least four protesters and within days, the protests grew into
rallies that gathered thousands of people." The killings of these four were ultimately regarded by
many as the first deaths of the Syrian uprising. "The community's blunt outrage over the children's
arrests and mistreatment, the government's humiliating and violent reactions to their worries and the
people's refusal to be cowed by security forces embolden and helped spread the Syrian opposition."
This notion demonstrates that the killing of the four protestors was only the first of many deaths to
occur continuing into an on–going war that has: "...triggered nationwide protests demanding
President Assad's resignation." Because of this, the Syrian government decided that in order to
handle the issue they must crush this nationwide dissent. This in return only allowed the protestors
to push harder for a change within the country of Syria, in hopes of it becoming the wonderful
country that it was in the years prior to the war. "Syria's conflict has devolved from peaceful protests
against the government in 2011 to a violent insurgency that has drawn in numerous other countries."
"With neither side able to inflict a decisive defeat on the other, the international community long ago
concluded that only a political solution could end the conflict in Syria." It is because of the similar
actions that took place within the Palestinian–Israeli conflict that similar issues are beginning

Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in...
The developing world has been overwhelmed by major refugee crises in the past few decades, and a
rapidly changing world has altered the dynamics of refugee flows and their root causes. For this
reason, the authors of Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing
World, attempt to provide a more realistic theoretical framework of refugee trends in order to
prescribe ways in which the developed world can help alleviate the problem. The book attempts to
clarify why there have been so many refugees emerging recently from the developing world, why
they leave in varying volumes, where they end up, and why they go back or not. The findings
indicate that patterns of refugee flows and conflict are affected by various ... Show more content on
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Despite the fact that the above definition is quite selective and precise, there is still debate about its
inclusiveness and whether it should be modified to adapt to account for more recent phenomena.
The word refugee originated in France and its classic definition was used to describe foreigners who
were escaping religious persecution. This conceptualization of a refugee is illustrated well by the
case of the Huguenots, who were Calvinists escaping to England to flee from French persecution in
the late seventeenth century. One reason the Huguenots were considered refugees is because they
were "people fleeing a life–threatening danger – with "life" referring to spiritual as well as physical
existence," and this was based on their membership in a specific religion that

Simone De Beauvoir
Simone De Beauvoir says, "All oppression creates a state of war." This quote is a clear
representation of the unjust cruelty that is currently and has been going on in the Middle East.
Oppression is the act of belittling a group of people, mainly, but not always, based on race. The
Palestinian people have continuously been oppressed by the Israeli state starting in the late 1800s,
when they first immigrated and took over the land. When this happened their living conditions as
well. At first, this migration was not an issue but as time passed, and more and more Jews went to
occupy the Palestinian land, the indigenous people became alarmed and soon enough war broke out
and is still present to this day.
In the late 1800s, the first group of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason he did this secretly, is to not catch attention to it therefore preventing people from
stopping it from happening. Israel is a very clever country, and the only way to stop it from
oppressing the people of Palestine is to outsmart them, but it may be a while for that day to come.
The United States is not helping the situation either. Per day, an average of 8 million dollars is given
to Israel from taxpayers. (Synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict) The reason that this is happening
is because the citizens are unaware of where the money is going and who it is harming and helping.
However with the people becoming more aware of the situation they are beginning to call an end to
this funding. Also, during the "Six Days War," as mentioned earlier, Israel had attacked a United
States navy ship, killing and injuring over 200 America soldiers. This was then later recognized as
"an act of war against the United States".(Synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict) With that being
the case, the United States may in fact turn the tables by stopping the funding going towards the
Israeli military and end the oppression that they are bringing down onto the

U.s. National Security Strategy Essay
"Climate change is an urgent and growing threat to our national security, contributing to increased
natural disasters, refugee flows, and conflicts over basic resources like food and water." These
words from the U.S. National Security Strategy show the United States is moving forward on
addressing the challenges posed by climate change. The Department of Defense published the 2014
Climate Change Adaption roadmap establishing three overarching goals and four lines of effort to
guide geographic combatant commands, military agencies, and departments in their efforts to
identify and meet the challenges of climate change. Of all the challenges, one needs more emphasis
today since it could have far reaching impacts on U.S. National Security Interests: the ever–growing
scarcity of water resources.
Water, essential to human life as much as the air we breathe, is becoming a more valuable resource
as areas once with abundant water are now running low and nations must make choices on how to
provide and share this resource not only with their citizens but with their neighboring countries as
well. Asia, with 65 percent of the world's population but with only 47 percent of the global average
of fresh water per person must work with its neighbors to develop sustainable and share sustainable
water resources. The Middle East's ongoing water crisis could lead to government instability, civil
war, and failed states. Over Sixty percent of the regions surface water flows from

Essay on Help Refugees, Support the UN Refugee Agency...
A seven year old girl just awoke from her nightmare; people were killed in the streets, there wasn't a
safe sanctuary anywhere, going to school was a life threatening experience, hospitals lacked the
necessary resources to attend the needs of the wounded, and anarchy reigned. The girl realized that
her nightmare, the same one she was having for a week now, was reality. A harsh reality which
would force this young girl to flee her native country, changing her life forever. That following
night, she along with her family were smuggled into an unknown place by truck. When dawn broke,
they found themselves in a foreign country with only one suitcase. That anecdote was one of a
refugee's. Stories like those are what inspired me ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The need for better conditions cannot be ignored as this is a challenge that will continue on forever,
until the human race can solve for natural disasters or make global peace a reality. For example,
"most of the 750,000 Palestinians, who became refugees after the establishment of Israel and due to
the political instability, have descendants numbering at almost 5 million. All those people know life
only as a refugee in the West Bank and Gaza Strips, longing for a permanent home" (Senker). My
primary solution is to support the largest and most influential refugee organization in the world, the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees– the UN Refugee Agency. "It was founded by the
United Nations General Assembly to help the numerous displaced Europeans after World War 2. The
organization was recognized by being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954 for succeeding in its
original purpose of helping refugees in Europe" (UNHCR). The mission of this organization is to
help refugees and displaced people worldwide. As of today, the UNHCR is 64 years old and has
proved itself as an organization humanity can count on, even in the worst aftermaths of wars. The
UNHCR administers very effective methods and high expectations to produce the best results. Some
of the ways that the UNHCR helps is through: Fund–Raising, Advocating, and by Capacity building.
The UNHCR runs through

Refugee Rates In The United States
In today's society where most of us are sheltered physically and emotionally, have we ever stopped
to think about the unfortunate ones who have been forced to live their lives differently? We are often
carried away with basking in our riches that we forget to take a moment to think for those who aren't
as lucky as us. What else can we call those who have nowhere to go and nothing to do– no place to
call home, no job to call an occupation, no purpose to speak of? With more people being forced out
of their homelands to seek greener grass on the other side, refugee rates are on a constant rise.
According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), refugee figures stands at
13 million as of mid–2014. United Nations Relief and Works

The Issue of Palestinian Refugees' Right of Return
The Issue of 'Right of Return' of the Palestinian Refugees
The problem is that Israelis and Palestinians are divided over the more than 4 million Palestinian
refugees who insist on returning to the homes that they lost during the 1948 and later during the 6–
Day War in 1967. Palestinians claim that these were their homes and they have a right to return to
them Israelis, on the other hand, generally, find the idea of such an exponential return of Palestinians
to the heart of Israel frightening since it may override the ratio of balance of Palestinians to Israelis
as well as importing possible terrorism (e.g. Quandt, 2005)
The refuge problem first initiated with the 1948 War Which Israelis dub the War of Independence
and Palestinians call the Nakba when some 700,000 Arab residents (85%) left their home, some
voluntarily, others forced, finding refuge in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Gaza Strip, which was
then administered by Egypt. Others were left homeless in Israel. (Brynen, 2007) whilst the Six–Day
War caused a further flight of 280,000 to 325,000 Palestinians from Israeli won territory.
The Oslo Accords in 1993, negotiated by the EU, Israel, and the US, recognized a Palestinian state
under the Fatah party (led by Yasser Arafat) and established that the Palestinian refugees would be
controlled by this rule. They also planned to solve the refugee problem (largely by monetary
compensation) by 1996. Unrest and terrorism, as well as internal conflict on the solution,

Al-Nakba 1948 Research Paper
Cut Out the Suffering
The year of Al–Nakba 1948 was a critical year that affected the life of millions of Palestinians. In
this year, Palestinians were forced to immigrate to neighboring countries. Jordan, Lebanon, and
Syria contain a major number of Palestinian refugees; with the number of Palestinians in Lebanon
doubling because the war in Syria drove them there (Alwani, 2015). However, other Palestinians
were able to migrate into European countries, while others went to Arab gulf countries.
Furthermore, unless the Palestinians got the nationality of the country they live in they do not have
but foreign civilian rights. Palestinian refugees who live in Lebanon for more than 10 years should
be granted the Lebanese nationality to overcome the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, in Canada, the laws do not oblige the politicians to be of a specific sect or religion.
Maryam Monsef, an Islamic Canadian, of Afghan origins, was elected to represent the state of
Peterborough in Canada in 2015; Harjit Singh Sajjan, of Indian origins, baptized as a Sikh, is the
Minister of National Defense of Canada. These are examples of politicians from one of the most
industrialized and advanced countries that do not restrict political positions for specific people that
belong to a particular sect or religion. This fact that Canada has this variety in their regime did not
affect their progress; on the contrary, this is thought to be a kind of development and enhancement
to their political system. As can be seen, preventing Palestinians form gaining the Lebanese
nationality is not the solution to prevent the imbalance in the system from arising; the problem is in
the sectarian regime which tightens the chances of development for both the Lebanese and the
Palestinian

Borders Are The Worst Invention Ever Made By Politicians...
The Problem
"Borders are the worst invention ever made by politicians," Jean–Claude Juncker, the European
Commission president stated this while reflecting on globalization's failed promise of borderless
nations, and the creation of borders more rigid than ever (2016). Across the world, wall building has
become the common political strategy used by nations who deem physical barriers as the only way
to deal with difficult neighboring nations. The increasing fortification of borders as not just a
political line, but as an established physical barrier, responds to the security and migration issues at
a global level. Border walls are used for varying purposes, walls can separate opposing forces; often,
they are used to make territorial claims; however the more problematic use, is the keep out
unwanted groups.
When the Berlin Wall fell nearly three decades ago, there were 16 border walls in the world; today
the number is ever growing with over 70 completed border walls globally (Brunet–Jailly, 2016).
Experts agree that walls do not address the root problems of security and migration, supported by
the fact that global refugee applications and terrorist attacks have increased tremendously even
though countries have walled themselves off; which leaves unanswered questions as to the real
reason walls are still being built. Although building a wall has become a common political strategy
in response to global concerns of security and migration, nations should consider the reasoning

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
"Since Biblical times there has been a conflict between the Arabs and the Jews in what today is
known as Israel. It began with the birth of two boys, Ismael and Isaac; born to two different mothers
and fathered by Abraham. That conflict has become more intricate, more serious and much more
complicated" ("Israeli–Palestinian Conflict."). "Beginning with the Diaspora and furthered by the
British Mandate post World War I and the Holocaust during the period of World War II, Jews sought
to return to their Homeland only to find that they once again were unwanted; this time by their Arab
brethren. Wars ensued and further complications arose.Time and again war has broken out between
the two peoples, solutions sought but not found and the search for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Barriers to Peace in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict." Kas.de. The Jerusalem Institute for Israel
Studies, 2010. Web. 24 Apr. 2016.
"Introduction to Israel: Opposing Viewpoints." Israel. Ed. Myra Immell. Detroit: Greenhaven Press,
2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 24 Apr. 2016.
"Israeli–Palestinian Conflict." Israeli–Palestinian Conflict. 23 July 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2016.
"Primer on Palestine, Israel and the Arab–Israeli Conflict." Primer on Palestine, Israel and the Arab–
Israeli Conflict | Middle East Research and Information Project. Web. 24 Apr. 2016.
"Stick a label on it; Israel and Palestine." The Economist 14 Nov. 2015: 49(US). Religion and
Philosophy Collection. Web. 24 Apr. 2016.
Zamkanei, Shayna. "The politics of defining Jews from Arab countries." Israel Studies 21.2 (2016):
1+. Religion and Philosophy Collection. Web. 24 Apr.

Mourid Barghouti's Where Are You From?
"Where are you from?" is a question most people are asked through their lifetime and usually the
answer is quick and straightforward. However, the question gets complicated when the answer is
"Palestine." Can someone really be from a place that is not even allowed to be written on a world
map, a place that is constantly followed by a question mark if it actually exists. If place of origin is
so tightly linked to understanding a person's identity, how can Palestinians defiantly claim their
identity? Especially if the individual is like author and poet Mourid Barghouti, who was exiled from
Palestine for thirty years or filmmaker and writer Azza El–Hassan, who was born outside her
family's homeland and did not step foot in Palestine till she ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Barghouti emphasizes "Displacements are always multiple. Displacements that collect around you
and close the circle" (131). Once a person is displaced it follows them. A "person gets 'displacement'
as he gets asthma, and there is no cure for either" (4). The displacement of a Palestinian does not
disappear when they leave Palestine; instead it becomes a ripple effect, so if a person is displaced in
one place they become displaced in all the other places after that. As Barghouti states "you become a
stranger in your places" (131). This affects the identity of the exiled Palestinians because due to the
loss of the identity the first time they cannot all of a sudden attempt to identify with another country
and call that home. The exiled Palestinians in the reading embodied this idea when they sought to
find home in a place outside of Palestine. For instance, for Barghouti having permission to finally
legally live in Egypt with his family was supposed to be something to celebrate however he states
"The impossibility of feeling absolute joy in the thing found after losing was exemplified in my
return to Cairo"( Barghouti 76). The issue is that Palestinians attempt to find comfort in forming a
new identity in their home, but the original displacement

The Israeli Palestinian Conflict And The Jewish Movement
Starting in the late 19th century, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has been a long standing clash
between the Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs due to several significant events. The Israeli–
palestinian conflict is one that goes way back to the time of the Old Testament. The land known as
Israel, was given to the jewish people by God through Abraham. God Promised to give Abraham 's
descendants the land eternally. Throughout the thousand of years, thousands of Arabs have moved to
those lands which they called Palestine. When it comes to whom should own the land, both sides
have credible arguments. The Jews say that it is written in the Bible while the Palestinian Arabs say
that they have ruled the land for thousand of years. The Palestinian Arabs are also the majority of the
population in that region. In the late 19th century, Theodor Herzl founded a group of Jews called the
Zionists. According the the Encyclopedia Britannica, Zionism is the Jewish nationalist movement
that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state in Palestine, the ancient
homeland of the Jews. The Zionist immediately began to relocate european Jews to four main cities
in Palestine. These cities were Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed and Tiberias. During this time, Palestine
was part of the Ottoman empire and under direct control of the Ottoman Capital. Fast forwarding a
couple of decades to WWI, the Ottoman Empire began to weaken. In 1917, the British announced
the Balfour Declaration

Should We Manage The Needs Of Refugees?
INTRODUCTION
I believe we should manage the needs of refugees to help them escape their traumatic circumstances
and to make a safe trip over to their new country. When they arrive they should be treated well and
have safe and humane living conditions, housing and medical assistance. I chose this topic as I first
started caring about the treatment and lives of refugees when I read the book 'Boy Overboard' in
primary school (Gleitzman, 2002). A refugee is someone who flees their country for fear of
persecution for political or religious beliefs, someone who has been displaced or fleeing from war
and is seeking refuge elsewhere (Webster New World College Dictionary, 2010). In 2011 alone
895,000 individual applications for asylum or refugee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is one way to manage the needs of refugees and asylum seekers by having them contribute to
the cost of processing their application and social assistance. The same thing is happening in
Denmark with values being stripped from refugees and asylum seekers when they reach the border,
25year old refugee Najilbullah fled from Afghanistan after his home was burnt down (Crouch,
2016). He said "When people have lost their homes, their lives are in ruins, how can you take things
from them?" Denmark spends more money on refugees then any other nation bar Sweden in
comparison to it proportion of economic output (Crouch, 2016).
An interview conduction with a European citizen revealed that it should be an overall effect from all
European countries to work together to manage all the refugees and their needs (Speldenbrink,
2016). She revealed that a lot of people don't want more refugees to come in as the country does not
have enough space or money to meet their needs and they are afraid that the refugees will not be
willing or able to integrate their society and culture. They should be provided with housing, food,
water, education, health care, safety and clothes when they arrive.
Violence has caused 220,000 Nigerian Refugees to flee to neighbouring countries such as Chad,
Niger and Cameroon when these refugees arrive UNHCR is providing them with food, water,
medical help and emergency relief items such as water containers and sleeping mats
(UNHCR,2016). The Chadian

The 's Theory Of The Palestinian Refugee Problem
In 1948, six Arab nations had attacked the newly declared state of Israel. While many propose ideas
why this war has occurred, both of us have come up with our own viable theories. We believe that
this war is in relations to Benny Morris 's theory of a Jihadist war, Efraim Karsh's theory of the
Palestinian Refugee Problem and Elitist control, and our negotiated theory based on British
involvement in Palestine.
Benny Morris insists that the War of 1948 was a Jihad: a Holy war. He states that this is one of the
reasons for why this war happened, and why they have still not reached peace, or some sort of
compromise. Before the 1948 war, Jews were slowly buying land from local Muslims. This was,
however, illegal according to the Islamic government. In my opinion, buying land from the muslims
was a viable and legal way to obtain land, and should be recognized as so. However, the Arabs were
outraged that the Jews came and "stole" land from them. Both the Arabs and the Jews had ties to this
land religiously, all sharing landmarks there that signified something to their people. Because this
conflict was religious, no compromises could be reached. This led Benny Morris to believe that
although the war was influenced by territorial reasons, it was first and foremost an Islamic Holy
War. Benny Morris uncovered British Unclassified documents that stated the Arabs "calling Jihad on
the Jewish People." Before the UN voted, the Arabs told them that "their beloved country will be
drenched

Syrian Refugees Research Paper
American Near East Refugee Aid was developed in spite of the Arab–Israeli War in 1967 that left
hundreds upon thousands of Palestinians homeless and impoverished. This clearly was not the only
war that we have helped in, there have been others. When refugees along with poor communities are
in need of aid, we are dedicated to helping them. 1967 may seem like such a long time ago, but wars
break out all the time. One of the most recent wars was the Lebanon War that took place in 2006.
With our help, we were able to aid more than 1 million civilians. Without our help, who knows
where those people would be right now? Who knows if they would still be alive? ("ANERA's
History | History of Humanitarian Aid and Relief to Palestine") We at ANERA are here to meet the
humanitarian needs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an interview with Bill Corcoran, President and CEO of ANERA, he explains the impact of the
Syrian refugee crisis. In one question, he was asked "How do you think the situation of Syrian
refugees will change after the Syria donors conference?" in which he replied that "it has been five
years into this flow of refugees and everyone is crippling with ... 'How do we pay for this?'" Along
with that, he was also asked about the spotlight being taken off of the Palestinian refugees' crisis and
being turned to the Syrian refugees' crisis in which he replied that the Palestinians "are more limited
in what the futures are" with less resources and some without the ability to work. Something that
worries Corcoran is that funders are slowing down their commitments by giving less each time
around. In Gaza, for example, only 3% of the promised money for the rebuilding process was given
which is not much to work with

Junction 48 Reflection Paper
Event Reflection
Summary of the event
A narrative film, Junction 48, was screened at the Little Theater in Rochester on September 17th in
2017. This event was one of the programs of the Witness Palestine Film Festival sponsored by
Christian Witnessing for Palestine. After the screening, the audience had a chance to ask questions
of the director, Udi Aloni, through Skype.
Junction 48 is a 2016 film directed by Aloni, an Israeli and American filmmaker. This film describes
young Israeli Arab musicians' struggle against oppression from Israeli authority and nationalists and
problems within Palestinian communities such as drug deals and honor crimes. The leading actor is
Tamer Nafer, a Palestinian rapper born in a mixed Jewish–Arab city, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A large number of Arabs were shot to death, including civilians, by Israeli soldiers (Shavit, 2013). In
July 1948, Prime Minister David Ben–Gurion required dispossession of all the Palestinians in Lydda
(Shavit, 2013). About 19,000 of the 20,000 Palestinian inhabitants were forced to migrate
(Munayyer, 2012). Now Lydda is called Lod, and about 25 percent of the residents are Arabs
(Martin, 2013). This Jewish–Arab mixed city has poor public safety (Martin, 2013).
The Arab–Israeli conflict displaced 750,000 Palestinians, and they are still not allowed to return to
their home (AFSC, n.d.) . About 1.6 million Israeli Arabs (Abdalla, 2012), in Lod, have citizenships
of Israel, but they don't have the equal rights to Jewish people. (BBC, 2009).
Analysis of the Film
This chapter analyzes Junction 48 in terms of two points: whether Israeli Arabs can be included in a
common type of force migrants, and whether culture can be the reason for refugees to return.
First, before considering the case of Israeli Arabs, those typical types of forced migrants should be
clarified; refugees are those who fled their country of origin and because they fear being persecuted
for a good reason such as race and religion; asylum seekers are those who have made a journey
abroad to get a refugee status but whose application has not adopted; internally displaced persons
(IDPs) are those who have been compelled to leave their homes with other residents

We Must Manage The Needs Of Refugees
INTRODUCTION
We must manage the needs of refugees to help them escape their traumatic circumstances and to
make a safe trip over to their new country. When they arrive they should be treated well and have
safe and humane living conditions, housing and medical assistance. I chose this topic as I first
started caring about the treatment and lives of refugees when I read the book 'Boy Overboard' in
primary school (Gleitzman, 2002). A refugee is someone who flees their country for fear of
persecution for political or religious beliefs, someone who has been displaced or fleeing from war
and is seeking refuge elsewhere (Webster New World College Dictionary, 2010). In 2011 alone
895,000 individual applications for asylum or refugee status were submitted to the governments of
166 countries and only 11% of those were fulfilled (Do something, 2013). 80% of all refugees are in
developing countries with Australia only having 20,010 asylum seekers in 2012 which is very small
compared to international standards (Amnesty Internation,2014). At the end of 2014 however there
were 19.5million refugees, around 2.9million more than 2013(UNHCR,2015).
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Different countries are dealing with the prominent issue of how to manage refugees and all their
needs and dealing with this issue in different and creative ways.
Refugees arriving in Switzerland will be required to hand over any assets worth more than
1000francs to the government to help pay for their upkeep (Agencies, 2016).

How To Disagree With George Bisharat
A. Why you agree/disagree with Judea pearl?
I agree with Judea Pearl that he has patriotism in Israel, even he was not the original race of Israel.
In his article, he describes the situation that how his father's family, mother' family and the Arab
children faced in the war. His ancestor moved in Israel and construct homeland. on the other hand,
his mother's family was unlucky, but both two families seek a new place for surviving. His mother's
family are victims in the British–Arab blockade. Ibn Brak is a rebirth place for Judea pearl whole
family and a peace shelter. Judea pearl integrative into the Arabian community wants to join their
army protect the country. In his article, the Jewish tribe becomes a part of Israel and live the culture
of Israel.
B. Why you agree/disagree with George Bisharat? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In his article shows Palestinian a hero protects Jewish safety. When he went to the refugee camp and
saw the refugee dead by the slaying. The peace for the Palestine is very important because if people
involved in the struggle will cause a huge number of death casualties, which mean the country lose a
lot of population. In addition, he learns liberty form his American mother. The Jewish's Zionism
makes his dream of peace destroy. The Jewish victim's revenge makes the Palestinian far away from
peace hope.
C. Why do you agree with /disagree with Senator Orrin Hatch?
I agree Senator Orrin Hatch said that President Obama has a wrong decision for a return to 1967
borders. The Obama's proposed to make our ally Israel mad which destroys two countries'
friendship. And they threaten our country into insecurity.
D. What do you think the role of the united states should be addressing in this

Palestinian Refugee Research Paper
One of the longest–lasting refugee catastrophes in the world is the Palestinian Refugee Problem.
This crisis has been ongoing for nearly seventy years now, since 1947–1948, and without resolve.
This paper will examine the backdrop of what the Palestinians have had to face under Israeli
occupation. The goals are to consider and review legal and rights–based complications with sources
and evaluate other status issues that are inter–connected politically and internationally within the
context of a refugee group. The Palestinians are a nation state that has not any real solution at hand,
nor can they foresee resolution in the near future. In November of 1947, the UN Partition Plan was
to separate and make independent Jewish and Arab states

English Language Education : A Means Of Liberation And A...
and education in general as a means of liberation and a passport to enter the gateway of prosperity.
Also, English language learning is viewed as an opportunity to excel in harsh extraordinary
economy and lifestyle through the achievement of self –identity and growth through learning a
foreign language. On another note, it is important to mention that political factors such as curfews,
road dangers and road blocks, check points, limited funding and shelling in Gaza create challenging
obstacles to foreign language learning. Adding to the challenges are social factors, especially those
with relevance to females such as gender inequality and early marriages in a tribal society.
Palestinian refugees value English education as a means of liberation and a passport to enter the
gateway of prosperity. It will be worthwhile to investigate if English language education liberated
them and how it influenced their lives in the previous years, especially females. On the other hand,
Palestinian refugees in Syria learn all lessons in Arabic and start French in later stages, while in
Lebanon and Jordan refugee camps they learn English subject from the fifth grade. Some projects
such as LEAP (Shine, parfè, aspire, and rise) in the refugee camp in Lebanon provide a space and an
opportunity for growth for Palestinian refugee youth to enhance their English proficiency, empower
their analytical skills, and language capabilities through academic studies, and explore English
language learning in

The Afghan Girl By Stephen Mcmurry
Violence and warfare around the globe are responsible for the displacement of large quantities of
individuals from their homes and communities, destroying their quality of life. Areas for displaced
peoples, also known as refugee camps, lack the necessary resources and funding to support the large
communities of those fleeing violence. The poor standard of living due to the lack of resources
cause malnutrition, illness, and often death. Certain difficulties, such as lack of fresh water or
medicine, become a daily reality for the residents while in a camp. Since the development of more
portable cameras in the twentieth century, photojournalistic images of individual refugees have been
captured to provide more than just a photograph, but tell ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Her eyes are wide, bright, and almost fearful. The slight anger in her facial expression, possibly
towards those that displaced her, is overpowered by a sad and longing look. This sorrow is evident
in her eye–catching stare, expressing the story of the hardships that she has already faced at the
young age of twelve. Despite the troubled countenance within her gaze, a glimmer of hope is
evident.
As previously stated, this photograph does more than just capture a surface level portrait of a
twelve–year–old Afghan refugee. It provides crucial insight into the substandard conditions these
people endure. Roland Barthes views images in this way by analyzing beyond surface observations,
and seeing the message beneath the picture, or in this case, the girl's facial expression. "Camera
Lucida" is about examining photographs as an expression of something beyond the image that
describes an event or happening, viewing the story within. A great photograph recreates a moment
that can never appear exactly the same again, evoking adventure and question as to what has
happened (Barthes, 19). If the image can tell its own story through the depictions present in the
image without any words, then it is one worth remembering. The Afghan Girl tells its own story, a
story of hardship and pain. The viewer of the image initially sees a Muslim girl with incredibly
beautiful eyes, but upon further inspection the image begins to

Syrian Refugees Research Paper
Stop 1:
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was established to lead international action to
protect refugees and solve refugee issues worldwide. 55% of all refugees come from Afghanistan,
Somalia, Iraq, Sudan, and the Syrian Arab Republic. These five countries are in need of the most
assistance.
Anti–refugee sentiment is most prominent in more developed countries, so it is much easier for
refugees to settle in developing countries.
i. A refugee is a person who has been forced out of their country to escape persecution, war, or
natural disaster. For example, about 9 million Syrians have fled to other countries after the outbreak
of a civil war. ii. An asylum–seeker is a person who claims to be a refugee, but whether or not this
claim is valid has not been determined. A Syrian refugee who cannot prove that they were forced to
flee the civil war would be an example of an asylum–seeker.iii. Internally displaced people are
people who have fled their homes but remain in their home countries. The 6,044,151 people in
Colombia who left their homes and moved to a different part of Colombia are all internally
displaced people.iv. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To do so accurately, UNHCR reporters interview an eight–year–old Syrian refugee named Aya and
her father. Aya is very optimistic and bright. She loves to learn and seems to have a lot of friends.
She lives in a refugee camp in Lebanon, sharing a tent with her six siblings. While she still gets a
limited amount of education from her father and her siblings, she has not been to school in two years
and it is unlikely to go back soon. Instead, she works around the house, helps her disabled sister, and
plays with the other children in the camp. Most of the children in this camp have seen war and fled
into other countries to escape it. Many of them will not get a proper education, and will have to
work from a young age or marry

The Creation of Israel was the Turning Point
Following the partition plan in 1947, the state of Israel was created in 1948. I will be discussing the
extent to which the creation of Israel was a turning point throughout a hundred year period. The
conflict can be split up into 3 different strands which include: Arab Israeli, Palestinian–Israeli,
Western involvement. The Arab–Israeli conflict is the regional conflict that erupts in 1948 when the
newly created Arab states invade Israel and is partially resolved by 1996. The Palestinian–Israeli
conflict is the local conflict throughout the 100 year period between the native Palestinians and the
Israeli's, it is still unresolved. Western involvement represents the foreign nations that were
associated in the conflict. My main argument is that the creation of Israel was the principle turning
point for the Arab–Israeli dispute strand because; it transformed a civil war to an interstate conflict. I
also feel that it was the principle turning point for the Palestinian–Israeli strand because, it saw a
huge change in policy and led to the dissolution of the Palestinian people with many fleeing into
surrounding Arab nations, this is known as the Palestinian problem. The Suez crisis was the pivotal
moment for the Western Involvement strand because it saw a new era with the start of the Cold
War's influence in the Arab–Israeli conflict.
The creation of Israel meant that the Israeli's were able to fulfil their long term aspiration of creating
their own state, which had been fuelled by

A Poet Protesting the Persecution of the Palestinian People
A Poet Protesting the Persecution of the Palestinian People
Poets from every part of the world from all times of history have written about the issues of
oppression and hardships of unfairness and discrimination. It is easy to find writings and poetry by
African Americans, Hispanics, Japanese, Chinese, and even
Native American poets. These nationalities are very well represented when it comes to poets
shouting of the unfair treatment of their ethnic group. However, to find poetry and poets from an
ethnic group such as the Palestinians or the Afghanis is not so common, and it is usually these
groups that need to be heard the most, because it is generally these people who are being
discriminated upon and treated unfairly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Darwish, being a Muslim, would agree with this. As Darwish expresses in his poem, the land
belonged to his ancestors–the Arabs, not exclusively to the ancestors of the Jews. The Palestinian
people believe that Ishmael's descendants, who include themselves, are also the seed of Abraham
(Nakhleh 993). Therefore, the blessings, which included the Holy Land, promised to the descendants
of Abraham, belong to those who find ancestry in both Ishmael–the Arabs–and Isaac–the Jews. For
this reason, the
Israeli claim that the land belongs just to them is false, or so Darwish would argue. In fact, in many
of his poems Darwish uses Israel's Old Testament, "notably Isaiah and
Jeremiah, on whom he frequently calls to condemn Israel's acts of injustice against the
Palestinians" (Mattar). Darwish does this because he believes that when the land of
Palestine was made into Israel, the land that is rightfully his ancestors' was stolen from him and his
fellow Palestinians.
In 1948, Israelis forced most "of the Palestinian Arabs from their homes, towns and villages,
uprooting an entire population through forcible expulsion" (Nakhleh 251).
Because of this many Palestinians, including Mahmud Darwish, found themselves

The United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
Emphasizing that States have the primary responsibility to provide protection and assistance to
internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction in appropriate cooperation with the
international community,
Recognizing the principle of non–refoulement as established through the 1951 United Nations
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol and that all refugees are
afforded the right to housing and resettlement,
Reiterating the United Nations Development Programme's 2009 Human Development Report which
states that the integration of refugees can provide jobs and economic growth to their host countries
by using their pre–existing professional skills to be productive members of their host communities,
Affirming the potential for socioeconomic development that refugees with farming skills can bring
to host communities, as demonstrated by the success of the Initikane program in Niger in its
collaboration between local authorities and communities,
Believing in General Assembly resolution 68/103 which states that international cooperation and
communication is critical in humanitarian relief of the refugee population and urges continued
collaboration of development and humanitarian actors in its assistance in reintegration,
Applauds regional initiatives such as the Mexico Plan of Action and Brazilian Declaration and Plan
of Action for its success in addressing the structural developmental needs of

States By Edward Said Essay
The essay States, by Edward Said, describes the trouble for Palestinians to find their identity due to
the loss of their homeland. He also describes the situation of the Palestinians and the isolation that
they feel through photographs that he had taken. Said has many different pictures throughout this
essay and each of them play a part in supporting the main point of this essay. Said believes that,
without a homeland, the Palestinians cannot have an identity and the Palestinians should not be
content with being exiles forever. So the purpose of the pictures is to support and further strengthen
this idea. The photographer wants the viewer to understand the struggle that the Palestinians are
going through. To begin, Said is trying to describe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second image (18) shows a man and a woman both inside what looks like a respectable house.
However, the captions explains, "A village of settled nomads near Beersheba. Some years ago, these
people still lived in a tent, under the desert sky [...]"(18). So Said provides this image to show how
people struggle, these people once lived in just a tent in extreme conditions. He also chose this to
show to the reader that this exile treatment happened to everyone no matter who you are and what
your status is. The third image also supports the notion that no matter which palestinian it was he or
she was till oiled and treated no better than the rest (20). The image shows a man and a woman
sitting down in what looks like the living room area of a house. However, the caption says, "A visit
to the former mayor of Jerusalem and his wife, in exile in Jordan"(20). So even people of high
importance in the Palestine are in exiled and are being treated the same. This reveals to the reader
that no matter who you were you still struggled if you were a Palestinian exile. The sixth image (25)
shows a picture of a tent encampment in what looks like a very dry desert. The tent looks as if it is
either broken or just one side is missing. This picture is significant because it shows the harsh

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