Geographic Information Systems ( Gis )

Geographic Information Systems ( Gis )
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has had one of the biggest impacts on the discipline of
modern day geography. Roger Tomlinson coined the term GIS in the early 1960s in Canada.
Tomlinson defined GIS in its early days as a computer application designed to perform certain
specific functions (Coppock et al; 1991). GIS is interdisciplinary in nature, having a distinctive role
in geography. The application created for the Canada GIS department was designed to summarize
and tabulate land inventory for the country; it solved two issues: to measure irregular homogeneous
geographic areas and to overlay different themes. Other early systems were created for the Chicago
Area Transportation Study, the U.S. Census Bureau and Landscape ... Show more content on
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From this perspective, GIS on its own is meaningless; it gains meaning only by its goals, which
generally involve the application of knowledge by scientists, but not science itself (Table 1;
McCauley 1993; Moll 1993; Skelly 1993b). Discussants view it the same as remote sensing, it is a
tool. Some scientist would argue that GIS is a part of the engineering field more than it is in the
science field. Engineering is identified as a problem–solving activity and science is linked to
discovery and problem solving understandings. It is also felt that GIS is a tool used by geographers
to answer geographic questions, thus a tool only applied when going about the business of
geography, so it is geography.
Other theorists believe that the tool is inseparable from the science. When GIS advances, so does the
study of Geography and Cartography. Geographers are GIS toolmakers. They understand the
concepts, methods, models and theories that are behind the tool. They also understand how a
phenomenon is dispersed shown through the tool and knowledge of geographic concepts. This leads
to the thought that if you can do GIS, then you do geography so therefore if one is a science the
other must be a science as well.
The science debate over GIS is that it is a method and or a body of knowledge used to develop and
test spatial theories and hypothesis. Many believe that it is not
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Cliff Davis's Development
Cliff Davis – Founder of Tampa, FL's Davis Development
A skilled and knowledgeable Tampa, FL–based property developer, Cliff J Davis has completed
more than $200 million in successful real estate projects over the course of his 25–year career. He
has held official certification as a contractor through the State of Florida since the mid–1990s.
Educated as an engineer and a business administrator, Cliff J Davis has demonstrated a proven
ability to identify, finance, obtain, entitle, and construct many commercial and multifamily
residential structures. He also owns and operates multiple commercial and residential developments.
Clifford J Davis currently directs his own development company that creates mixed–use retail
centers that are anchored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also serves as a board member for PARC, a community service group that is dedicated to
providing life–changing opportunities for children and adults with developmental disabilities. He
has been involved with various children's charities for over two decades.
Cliff Davis – Real Estate Developer Based in Tampa, FL
Currently living and working in Tampa, FL, Cliff J Davis has garnered more than 23 years of real
estate construction and development experience. Completing approximately $18 million in
horizontal site work over the years, he has demonstrated the ability to identify and capitalize upon a
range of opportunities in the field of commercial real estate. Cliff J Davis has also constructed a
number of multifamily residential complexes and custom–built houses such as the 20,000–square
foot mega–home that he erected in

Gis : An Abbreviation For Geographic Information Systems...
Introduction GIS is an abbreviation for Geographic Information Systems. GIS is a perfect blend of
geography and technology. People can accumulate various forms of location data (both tangible and
intangible) and produce living, breathing maps. By utilizing the power of Geographic Information
Systems, users can create powerful applications. These applications can range in size from being
small (surveying a single farm) to large (displaying real time voting across the country in a
presidential election). The paper will begin with a literature review on the sources used for research
including conference papers, lectures, and trade magazines. Immediately following the literature
review, there will be the discussion which entails a thorough explanation of the fundamental
concepts that contribute to the foundation of Geographic Information Systems. After the explanation
of concepts, there will be a brief introduction regarding the company that pioneered the way for
GIS. This paper will then discuss the current trends and major industries that are utilizing GIS. In
the end, there will be a conclusion that will include a future analysis on GIS. Literature Review
Discussion Geographic Information Systems is a basic input/output mechanism. The user collects
geo location data such streets, buildings, or rivers and non–geo information including populations,
compensations, or other meta data. After careful research, the user can compile the data and enter it
into the system. With the

Hudson River Analysis
Geography is another of Nathan's favorite science subjects. He enjoys locating geographical features
on maps and globes, and readily identifies cardinal points, land masses and bodies of water. He also
studies different types of maps (physical, political, and road) to learn various legend keys.
We've covered physical and political features such as major rivers, mountain ranges, and most
powerful countries. All places discussed during our history lessons, routine conversations, and news
stories also are pointed to on a map.
Nathan has explored nearby geographical features such as Beaverdam Lake and Moodna Creek.
Prior to our recent excursion with his 4–H club, he read about the history of the Hudson River and
discussed its health at the outing. He explored Schunnemunk Mountain during a hike on one of its
trails and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He's located four caches so far while appreciating the challenge of the hunt and the terrain around
him. We used both a GPS and compass with a map during these chases.
We watched the sun rise on the east, and followed its path across the sky while painting hash marks
on a sundial in the backyard at the top of every hour, and discussing why day and night, and seasons
happen. Viewing the recent partial solar eclipse was a most opportune highlight on this topic.
Nathan created a Styrofoam model of the solar system using balls mounted with wooden skewers on
a base, and the sunrays were represented by toothpicks. Each celestial body was painted
characteristically with poster paint.
Nathan also attended an Earth, Moon, and Sun projection at the Hudson River Planetarium, wherein
lunar phases, eclipses, and other puzzles were explored. We introduced the study and identification
of constellations and dabbled with sky maps and a stargazing mobile app as initial

Physical Geography
The physical geography in Switzerland plays a key role in the life of everyday citizens, from the
climate, to the biome, to the significant landforms, to features that impact everyday life. Moving on
to the mountainous terrain of Switzerland, where visitors see a climate that reacts to the elevation,
the highlands, that brings lots of precipitation. This results in Switzerland gets 1000 to 1500
millimeters of precipitation a year. The elevation will affect the temperatures, the temperatures for
the summer are pretty cold 41 degrees Fahrenheit to 56 degrees Fahrenheit; the temperatures for
winter is 25 degrees Fahrenheit to 41 degrees Fahrenheit. This makes transportation to places during
the year harder; meaning there has to be many winter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The birth and death rate affects the natural increase by subtracting the growth from death, the birth
rate is 10.5 people every 1000 people and 8.2 every 1000 people for death; the natural increase for
Switzerland is 0.7% as of 2016. The migration rate is 4.7 people out of 1000 and four out of a
thousand is the mortality rate. The literacy rate for Switzerland is pretty high at 99%. Switzerland's
languages include, german, french, italian and Romansh as official languages, other languages are
spoken though. The religions in Switzerland are mainly Roman catholic, protestant, christian and
muslim. The swiss value hard work and independence. Swiss love the outdoors activities are as the
following: hiking, rock climbing, movies and cultural events, trying new things, cooking, camping.
For Switzerland, National Day is August 1, this has been in place since 1993, on this day the Swiss
usually do barbecuing. In addition, there day starts off at 7:30, having short snack and coffee breaks,
lunch at 2 and dinner at 7:30, but the fork is held in the left and the knife in the right. Switzerland is
a growing country with not to many deaths due to the high expectancy life; literacy is fairly high
which, is helping people get more jobs and less unemployment. Many Swiss speak multiple
languages due to how close these language regions are. Holidays and their outdoors sports and
activities are usually part of everyday life for

Essay on HISTORY
Name:
Date:
Graded Assignment
Final Exam Part 2
I. Map
On this world map, indicate the following features:
Amazon Rainforest
Panama Canal
The Himalayas
The Ring of Fire
The Mississippi River
The Gobi Desert
(10 points)
II. Graphic Organizer
Fill in the table below about these five major world religions. Do not fill in the shaded boxes.
(10 points)
Religion
Name at least one Holy Text
How do you achieve enlightment? Describe their view about the afterlife.
Hinduism
Bhagvada Gata
Do good deeds to get good karma until you break the samsara or cycle of reincarnation and reach
enlightenment
Buddhism
Believe the Four Truths are true and real, follow the Eightfold Path, meditation is one of the major

steps to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Voting patterns even seem to follow where the ice age hit worst and where it didn't but this may
have nothing to do with the ice age andmerely just that the industrialized regions are interested in
different aspects of what each candidate hs to offer.
IV. Short Answer
Consider that Earth's population is projected to rise to 10 billion by the year 2050. The current
population is only around 6 billion. Most scientists predict global warming will be noticeable by the
year 2050 as well.
What parts of the world currently have the fastest and slowest population growth? (4 points)
Fastest  Sub–Saharan Africa
Slowest  Europe
What regions do you think will have the highest population densities in the year 2050? Explain why.
(6 points)
My best guess is India will have the highest population density because they are industrializing
quickly, have plenty resources and are working to get more and also they have lot of job
opportunities. In other places it does seem like there will be much industrialization such as Africa
which can cause the people to die out when they do nt have resources. Also the culture in India from
what I have seen is that people have many children and encourage big families and take care of each
other.
How do you think the population increase will affect urban areas in the world?
(5 points)
They will continue to

Information On Geographic Information Science
Geographic Information Science:
It is the general term for mapping technologies which was used by different sectors and it was the
foundation for Geographic Information Systems. It spatial data in the form of
 Digital Maps
 Digital Aerial Photos
 Remotely sensed Imagery
 Global positioning system Coordinates.
These helps assess, plan and control many facets of society.
Some Important characteristics Geographic Information.
1. It is often relatively static.
Natural features and many human features of human's origin don't change rapidly.
Only static data can be displayed on a static paper map.
2. It is Voluminous.
Large amount of data (terabyte) is sent from a single satellite.
To describe US Street network gigabyte of data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To use map overlays for examining various regions of Canada, Roger Tomlinson of Canada's
Department of Forestry and Rural Development developed geographic information system called
CGIS and its first true operation was appeared in Ottawa, Ontario in 1962.The modern version GIS
using today is developed in 1980 by CARIS (Computer Aided Resource Information System) and
ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) which they used the methods of CGIS and newer
second generation techniques. For good Information tool and efficient mapping it undergone a many
technological updates till now.
GIS is no way related to other traditional graphics system in many aspects.
First the coordinates of a particular forecasting system is georeferenced by using it data. So, it can
correct the positions of features of Earth's surface and maintain spatial relations hips between
mapped characteristics. So that common data which are reference to each other can be overlaid and
differentiate to distinguish relation between data elements.
For E.g. Soils and wet land of a particular area can be differentiate and overlaid to determine the
similarity between hydric soils and wetlands.
Second, for particular spatial features the GIS technology use the relational data base technologies
allocate a series of aspects.
E.g. To find the attributes of a particular polygon, a series of data base

Satire In Wall-E
People often write off animated films as childish and lacking any depth. However, the movie, Wall–
E, points a large microscope at our society and our potential future. In the movie Wall–E, it's a robot
name Wall–E and Ben Burtt's play' him. Also, there are other characters is Eve and Elissa Knight
play's her. There's a that they go on because the planet earth doesn't have a living plant except one.
They have to place the plant in the place that the plant will go so they can get to earth. The Captain
is played by Jeff Garlin and, the Captain had a hard time to get the plant into the deposit that it's
supposed to go in. Satire is used for humor and poke fun at a thing that is happening like when the
place is in the chair they are too lazy to get up and do their own things. Also, they have the robots
bring them the food. It pokes fun at humans because humans are lazy and us humans what other
people or robots to get are things cause the humans made robots so people wouldn't have to get up.
They also wanted to show what happens to the earth if we don't take care of it and, it will turn all to
trash and doesn't look like a nice place to live. The director Andrew Stanton used the movie, Wall–E,
and satire as a way to criticize and comment on technology and environment in our society.
Throughout the movie, Wall–E, director Andrew Stanton uses satire to criticize and comment on
technology. Throughout the movie, Wall–E, director Andrew Stanton uses satire to criticize and
comment

Ancient Greece Physical Geography Essay
Geography is the study of the physical features on Earth, it includes landscapes, people, places and
environments. Geographic features can positively affect the development of civilizations. The
civilizations that are impacted by the geographic features are ancient Greece and Egypt. Greece
existed from 750 BCE to 600 CE in Europe and Egypt existed from 2575 to 332 BCE in Africa. The
geographic features of seas and rivers positively affected the development of ancient Greece and
Egypt.
Geography has always had a great influence on Greece and its inhabitants, one of the geographic
features would be the seas. Seas were viewed as significant features in Greece due to the fact that
they made transportation and trading easier. For example, the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the
neighboring Black Sea were important ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The geographic feature of the river had positive effects on Egypt by providing annual floods that
brought rich soil to the land, foods, easy for transportation and exchanging of products from
different places. For example, every year the Egyptians would wait eagerly for the flood to come
and soak the land because the river brought rocks and dirt from the river bottom which made the
valleys fertile, or good for the crops to grow. The river not only provide water for the Egyptians to
drink and used for irrigation system, but also brought food by the fish in the river. Another benefit is
that the river made transportation easier using boats and barges due to the fact that the Egyptians
were able to send officials or armies to towns along the river. Another positive effect would be how
the merchants exchange or trade the products of Africa, the middle east, and the Mediterranean
region by traveling through the Nile River by sailboats. This demonstrates how the river made it
possible for trading around for goods using sailboats and

The Importance Of Space Exploration
The sustainability of human life on Earth is a question that is repetitively put into our minds. Threats
are becoming more and more apparent all around the world, from global warming to the extinction
of many different species, the effects of a withering Earth are being observed firsthand. However,
human beings are trying to slow down the deterioration of our planets health by doing things like
recycling and creating biodegradable materials. Unfortunately, despite our efforts to save our planet,
the eventual expansion into space will soon be necessary to ensure the survival of our species. With
a deteriorating Earth, we must look to space for a new home. We need to conduct a search using
advanced telescopes, for the most promising nearby solar system for the future of mankind
(Bridwell 2). Space exploration is important to humans due to our curiosity of exploration, the new
opportunity for unknown discoveries, and the eventual and inevitable inhabitability of our planet.
Firstly, humans have an inherent need to explore. From the day we are born we want to see what's
out in the world. Humanity has proven this throughout history, from the discovery of the pyramids
to the recovery of ancient ruins. In the words of Neil DeGrasse Tyson, "If there's a place you've
never been, there's a scientist who wants to know what's there" (National Geographic). Most
everything on Earth has been either inhabited or discovered in some way. Therefore, many people
look to space as their new

The Landscape Lewis
Peirce F. Lewis's "Axioms for Reading the Landscape" focuses on how to read and understand
landscapes through a set of rules which he calls "axioms." In the "Geographic (or Ecological)
Axiom," Lewis (1979, 24) argues that studying a landscape outside its location makes no sense in
gaining cultural insight on the landscape. Don Mitchell (2007, 43) in "New Axioms for the
Landscape," presents the idea that the shape of the land provides direction to its social life. Carrie
Breitbach's (2009) "The Geographies of a More Just Food System: Building Landscapes for Social
Reproduction" revolves around the idea of bringing justice to the food system by rectifying
landscape and social reproduction as a solution in South Dakota. Lewis's and Mitchell's ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In that regard, South Dakota's social reproduction represents the input that people put (output) into
the state's economy. South Dakota's economy relies 38 percent on the beef and cattle industry
(Breitbach 2009, 540). Before the opening of Walmart stores, South Dakota's small towns relied on
private own butcher shops and cattle farms for their livelihood and overall economy. Once Walmart
moved in, their businesses were forced to close because it became too expensive to compete.
Clayton Farmen a small town butcher from Groton was also affected by the changes. His business
closed and the relationships he had formed with his customers ended. Breitbach writes, "For Clayton
Farmen, the restructuring that led to the decline of small butcher shops also meant the end of the
personal relationships that sustained his job and gave him the confidence that he was selling quality
food" (2009, 543). With the businesses gone and Walmart the main source of economy, the towns'
atmosphere transformed from a personal to an impersonal

The Common Octopus-Stereotypes
The Common Octopus Upon hearing the word "Octopus" what initial thoughts arise? A deadly sea
creature hundreds of feet tall mounting its eight tentacles across an infatuating, yet intriguing ship,
and then ultimately crushing its sailors into the mile–driven sea? Or, in many cases, one pictures a
bulging brain and eight tentacles mounting itself onto an innocent prey and indifferently, engulfing
until destruction. Yikes, how graphic! Suitably, thanks to modern technology, many of these
perceptions have been distorted by a conclusive, yet ambiguous hypothesis– octopuses are deadly.
Inconclusively, the nature of the octopus – Octopus vulgaris – is an extremely inquisitive and
mitigated species. Animals such as these, as one would presume, are mollusks, an animal without a
bone structure, but with relation to the indigenous clam species. With use of such contortion, hiding
from one's predator, along with the ability to disguise from attack, through use of camouflage,
proves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having not one, but both sexes, the Octopus vulgaris does not enjoy the common attraction (or
courtship) exhibited by other species of its moieties. Known to be extremely reclusive, the two
mates, after fortunate fornication, will separate themselves–males onward and the females in a
monastic cave to lay her eggs, giving birth to 100,000–500,000 at a given time. Kivengea, Ntiba,
Sigana and Muthumbi, share their discoveries, stating: "These [eggs] are attached to the substratum
inside the den, either individually or in a clump, and she protects and cares for them until they
hatch" (47–56). Afterwards, the eggs themselves drift upward and survive on the live–plankton
drifting on the sea board. Those who survive the harsh conditions will then continue his/her
individual life cycle into adulthood, manifesting the common traits exhibited by the environment in
which each specimen has

Summary Of Harm De Blij's Why Geography Matters
Harm de Blij's book, Why Geography Matters poses a central theme, which I have heard discussed
multiple times. Blij argues that the American public is the most geographically illiterate society in
the world. Blij blames this decline with the poorly formulated curricula in the American school
systems, which ultimately originates from Washington D.C. and the people that run this country. If I
had never seen this central theme in action in a classroom I would have been dumbfounded. In one
short paragraph Blij summarized how America's illiteracy began, which this then becomes the
central theme of his book that relates to the educational field. Blij writes that professional educators
took control of the system and combined the subjects of history, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As every day passes China grows stronger in every aspect and eventually they will be knocking on
America's doorstep in each of those categories. Economically, China is closing rapidly, but even the
sleeping giant as Napoleon Bonaparte called it, has its limits. To be blunt, China is resource hungry
and who knows what their country will do next. With the level of nationalism that their people have,
China could go in multiple directions. For example, let us look at both China attempting to exert
control over the South China Sea and also with the Senkaku Islands. Both of these areas are
becoming more and more hostile, which ultimately could lead to deadly military engagements. With
that being said, Blij also proposes an argument that I have been pondering for a while and that is a
potential cold war between the U.S.A. and China. On the outside it seems as if there is a potential
collision course to that conclusion. However, Blij does offer an interesting solution to this possibility
and it is one that I believe should be the strongest takeaway. Blij suggests that trade, scientific,
cultural and educational links and exchanges can be the solution to this issue. After all, China is
responsible for many of the essential aspects to our life. Therefore, the least we as Americans can do
is learn the various geographical aspects that encircle

The Importance Of Geographic Literacy
Geography, it's not just maps and knowing about landforms. Geography is about a who, what,
where, why and how. It raises awareness of things around the world and provides information about
understanding conflicts and solving them. (Murray, Dr. Matthew) Dr. Edelson points out that,
"While the impacts of any particular far–reaching decision may be small, the cumulative impact of
the decisions made by millions of people are enormous." ("What is Geo–literacy?" 2012) Geography
is something all citizens should know about, everyone should be aware of what is happening around
them. The main focus of teaching students how to be geoliterate is so they will know the
consequences resulting from basic decisions. As the curriculum continues to change in schools
throughout the nation, geography has become nonexistent within the classroom. Besides the basic
geographical features, like landforms and oceans, most of this generation knows nothing about
geography. Even sometimes these simple concepts are unreachable for students and many young
adults making them geo–illiterate.
Geographic Literacy, as described by Dr. Daniel C. Edelson, has three key concepts; understanding
human and natural systems, geographic reasoning and systematic decision making. He describes a
geo–literate student as not only one who understands geography, but one who understands that the
Earth is interconnected and the decisions we make over our lifetime have long–lasting effects. They
should also able to comprehend that the relationship between human systems and their interactions
and the impact it puts on our environment. (2012) Another way to describe Geographic Literacy
would mean to be "better equipped to better understand the complexity of the world, how our
decisions affect others, and the interconnectedness of this rich, diverse, and not–so–large world." It
means that one should know what the effects are of the decisions we make daily. (Baskerville,
Brian) Regardless of if the decision is where to live or
Herring 2 how to prepare for natural disasters, everyone makes decisions throughout their lifetime
that requires geo–literacy. ("What is Geo–Literacy?") Whether these decisions are riding a bike or
driving a car, using plastic bags versus

The Five Themes Of Geography And Human Geography
The Five Themes of Geography College of American Chianti Johnson Table of Content 1. Physical
Geography and Human Geography Pg. 4 2. Location: Definition Position on Earth's Surface Pg. 4 3.
Absolute location –vs– relative location Pg. 4 4. Place: Definition Pg. 4 5. Physical and Human
Characteristics Pg. 4 6. Human and Environment Interaction: Definition Pg. 5 7. Shaping the
Landscape Pg. 5 8. Movement: Definition Pg. 5 9. Humans Interacting on Earth Pg. 5 10. Regions:
Definition Pg. 6 11. Regions: How they form and change. Pg. 6 12. How maps allow people to
identify exact locations Pg. 6 13. GIS –vs– GPS Pg. 6 14. Work Geographers: Definition Pg. 7 15.
Examples of work geographers. Pg. 7 16. Maps Pg. 8–11 17. Major differences Pennsylvania
/Massachusetts Pg. 12 18. Climate differences Quincy/Seattle

Human Geography : The Physical Geography Of China
Physical geography:
The physical geography of China has been divided by the government into 3 major physical regions
including Eastern China (subdivided into the northeast plain, north plain, and southern hills),
Xinjiang–Mongolia, and the Tibetan highlands. These regions are diverse with snow–capped
mountains, deep river valleys, broad basins, high plateaus, rolling plains, terraced hills, sandy dunes
with many other geographic features present in myriad variations.
The land is high in altitude along the west and descends when you start moving towards the east
coast. Mountains take about 33 percent, plateaus take
26 percent and hills take 10 percent which makes up almost
70 percent of the country's land surface. Most of the country's fertile land and population are based
in lowland plains which makes up 12 percent and basins that take about 19 percent of the country,
but some of the greatest basins are filled with deserts . The country's rugged terrain presents
problems for the construction of land transportation infrastructures and requires extensive terracing
to sustain agriculture, but is conducive to the development of forestry, mineral, hydropower
resources and tourism.
OVERPOPULATION !1
Human geography:
China divided into provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, special administrative regions.
People are usually located in provinces and municipalities because of its better facilities,
opportunities and traditional beliefs. The coast line areas are also densely populated because of the
ease in trade, fertile land for agriculture and because of all the major cities that are located in the
coast line area. The land around the coast line area is plain and doesn't contain a lot of mountains
and hills which naturally provides good housing facilities with cheaper rate. Infrastructures are one
of the most important factors to consider when someone decides where to live.
In China most of the infrastructures are located in the coastal areas which naturally increases the
population density of the coastal region. Those infrastructures include transportation,
communication, education, healthcare, water access, etc.
Solution 1:
As overpopulation is currently a world issue that many countries are currently

Economic Geography Is The Study Of The Location,...
Mid–Term Examination Essay
Questions 1.
Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic
activities across the Earth. One can also say that it is the means to allocate and the use of natural
resources by the defined area or place. It helps in implementing theories based on the use of
geographical space and the location of human settlement and production activities.
The five analytical themes of economic geography is the study of space is inseparable from the
study of time, every place is part of a system of places, Human action always occurs in a biophysical
environment, culture being the shape of consciousness and Social relations are a necessary starting
point to understanding societies and

Analysis Of The Film Borat
As a kid, I remember reading National Geographic in awe. Every picture captured a different story
that depicted a certain idea about the culture being displayed. While as a child, I did not know any
better, I was contributing to the marginalization and misrepresentation of people and their cultures.
This concept is also know as "Anthro–Lite" in which people tend to focus in on the more "desirable"
parts of the humanity of cultures, rather than the raw truth. Books such as Reading National
Geographic and From a Native Daughter expose these falsifications as well as the nation, America,
who are culprits of such actions. They both dig deep, discussing the ways other regions are
portrayed by Americans, and how problematic the false depiction is for not only the different
nations, but the audience.
In the film Borat, a sort of "mockumentary" with actors such as Sacha Boren Cohen, we experience
the culture of Kazakhstan. Immediately, Kazakhstan is portrayed in a negative light. The village is
shown as impoverished and full of prostitutes and alleged rapist. Of course however, America is
displayed as the "greatest country in the world," in which Borat is leaving his village to go explore.
By the end of the movie, Kazakhstan has developed the ways of America, including Christianity and
technology. This film's efforts to portray America as this superior nation, in turn, makes the region
of Kazakhstan look like the bottom of the barrell. We only get one side of the story. We only

Theory, Space, Society Space And Its Influences On Both...
GEO2313 – Theory, Space, Society 1 Candidate Number: 630012188 Using examples, critically
evaluate the different roles that theoretical ideas can play in shaping research in human geography.
In using Edward Said's theory of orientalism as a reference point for analysis, this essay will explore
the different ways in which an academic theory can shape geographical research, with a particular
focus on the fields of imaginative geographies and postcolonial geographies. This inquiry will focus
on Said's (1978) seminal text "Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient" and its influences on
both academic and social worlds since the twentieth century. D. Gregory's interpretations and other
studies of orientalism in contemporary culture will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Said claims that this practice of representation creates a hierarchical relationship between the
'Orient' and the 'Occident', with the 'West' establishing a cultural hegemony over the inferior 'East'.
Subsequently, orientalism is viewed as an epistemological device for guaranteeing Western control
over the 'Orient'. In "Orientalism" Said (1978) outlines the two crucial operations of orientalist
practices : firstly, the 'Orient' was constructed as a wild space that had to be normalised and
disciplined via a forceful 'Occident' who had to project their perception of order and control over the
'East' (Gregory et al. 2009:513). Secondly, the 'Orient' was presented as an exotic and bizarre region;
a "living tableau of queerness" and in complete contrast to GEO2313 – Theory, Space,
Society 2 Candidate Number: 630012188 the 'West' (Said, 1978:103). According to Said, the Orient
is the "cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other" (1978:1).
This essentialist distinction allows the 'Orient' to be seen as a mystical space which is always
presented as 'other' in contrast to the normalised 'West'. Orientalism can subsequently be seen as a
system of cultural misrepresentation which is created to consolidate "European–Atlantic power over
the Orient" (Said, 1978:6). The methods of binary logic imposed via orientalist practices is
systematic to the logics of

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Geographic Information System
Geographic information system (GIS): Geographic Information System organizes huge volumes of
data choosing into a map frame for easy inclusion. It divides the data selection into layers so it can
yield you a fuller apprehension of the whole universe. Likewise, we can benefit from GIS in the
depth psychology of spatial data in a complex environment, Ability to integrate different databases
into one environment, Ability to display and manage spatial information in a spatial context, Rapid
production of specialized maps and graphic products and Performs complex spatial analysis. A GIS
is system work in collection, storage, and analysis of objects and phenomena where geographic
location is an important characteristic or critical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It consists of integrating and manipulating the flow of information between all the departments of
the governing body (which includes merchandising, sales, finance, manufacturing, etc.) And seeing
to it that the entire supply chain arrangement is going smoothly. SCM provides a clear discernment
of the entire manufacturing process and also aids in planning and automating certain stages in the
supply chain to develop and deliver the merchandise faster and with efficiency to the right
consumer. Development and maintenance of SCM involve high complexity and costs. Due to its
complex nature, often many crucial functionalities are oversized and companies face chances of
mistakes in their responses. This strategy SCM will help when we enforce the implementation phase
because its provide a clear apprehension of the fabrication process. Enterprise recourse planning

Geopolitics Dbq
Geopolitics is the study of the effects of geography on politics and international relations. In early
20th century, geopolitics was a form of power or knowledge concerned with promoting states
expansionism and securing empires. Geopolitics had a major effect on Napoleon's invasion of
Russia and African imperialism. During the Battle of Friedland in June of 1807, the Russian army
was defeated by Napoleon's army. Napoleon showed his military genius by leading his armies to
victory over Austria, Russia, and Prussia. Napoleon considered Russia a natural ally since it had no
conflict with France. Napoleon invaded the country of Russia in 1812. By early 1812, Napoleon
controlled about 600,000 French troops started out on the march to Moscow in June. The French
forces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If he wanted India, he had to take over Russia. The setback encouraged Russia to rebel against the
French Military rule. In 1813, the armies of Prussia, Austria, and Russia defeated Napoleon.
According to document 2, Napoleon and his army were retreating back from Russia, the weather
conditions were horrible. It was snowing, men froze, and horses starved. The soldiers barely
managed the crossing of the Berezina River. There was Only as few as 50,000 half–stunned
survivors of the Grand Army who made it through the icy temperatures. On the icy morning of
December 9, 1812, outside Vilnius's deep vaulted gate, Victor Dupuy had to be prevented by his few
surviving comrades from sitting down and dying, 'overcome by lassitude and drowsiness, gripped by
the frost'. According to document 6, Britain got involved with South Africa. All of these countries
were in a constant struggle to become the most powerful, to have the most riches, and

Social And Cultural Geography : Explain How People Make...
Essay Two: Social and Cultural Geography: Explain how people make and transform place.
Word count: 1363
In the following bodies, I will lay out how place is defined in a sense of how it is related to people,
state on how people make places, and propose how persons transform places. Along with these
points, I will use texts to support my given answers. Place is a word that can be used in various
ways. It could either be used as a verb or noun. For example, it can be a location such as the
Wellington Beehive or an action word that indicates the movement of an object to a certain point.
The word itself originated from its Greek root "plateia hodos" or broad way which was then
translated to the Latin word "platea" meaning open space, alternated to Old French and then to Old
English taking the form "place".
In geography, place is used to describe an environment where people are able to interact and make
sense of. Lester and his associates (2016) infer that place is used to define human interaction "with
nature and among themselves; where there are tensions and where there is peace; where people are
rich and where they are poor" (p.32). Cresswell (2008) defines place as combination of a location
and meaning. Simply put, place is a space that we give meaning to. It is an empty meaningless
physical space that one can take and mold it to their liking giving it meaning and filling it with
things that truly describes themselves. For instance, homes are places created by people to

Wall-E versus Feed Essay
"Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards"
("Brainy Quotes" 1). While this epitomizes modern time, it also represents M.T. Anderson's Feed
and Pixar's Wall–E. Feed is a book about a dystopian society influenced by a device, called "feed",
implanted in the brains of the citizens. The author describes a group of regular teenagers that venture
to the moon for a spring break vacation of partying and going "in mal". The main character, Titus,
falls for a girl named Violet who is not like the other stereotypical teens in this book. Violet received
the feed when she was much older and she is homeschooled so her brain is more developed.
Together, they go on outrageous adventures until a hacker at ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He writes of an extreme point where the world needs air factories to live. While Violet is talking to
her father she realizes, "'the forest's gone.' 'Yeah. Jefferson Park?' 'Yeah. That was knocked down to
make an air factory'" (Anderson 125). The environment in Feed can't even produce air anymore so
the air is machine–made and fake. Similarly, the environment in Wall–E is also polluted; however,
the problem is more severe. The earth has been completely abandoned for 700 years and the
improvement of earth has been given into the hands of a garbage–collecting robot, Wall–E. All of
humanity moved to outer space to live in a ship controlled by robots and centered on technology.
The ads on the ship broadcast the advances of space stating that if there was "too much garbage in
your face" on earth, than there is "plenty of space out in space!" (Wall–E). In the futuristic book,
Feed, children are implanted with a "feed" that displays advertisements and controls all thoughts,
emotions, and memories. M.T. Anderson writes using satire of consumerism and deteriorates the
complexity in the main character, Titus's, language. Additionally, the characters are influenced by
the ads they see, "When we got off the ship, our feeds were going fugue with all the banners"
(Anderson 8). Not only is consumerism an aspect in Feed, but it is also found in Wall–E. When all
humans move to outer space, they adapt an easy lifestyle that includes

Sacred Heart School Observation Report
As the winter was coming to a start this year there was a significant survival that came and took
place at Sacred Heart School.This is not a usual survival story no one survived a surgery, disease, or
getting lost in the woods.This story is about a tiny male leopard gecko named pokey.This
commotion all started at the beginning of the 2016/2017 school year when the grade When Yuliya
Kistanov's grade Five English class from Sacred Heart School got their first leopard gecko named
Echo. They got Echo near the start of the last school year when a project took place asking them to
try and do something to help their classroom members become better at what they do.Their was one
group that decided to work on the classes responsibility and you guessed

Mapinfo Data Report
11 I utilized the Mapinfo Professional software for the analysing the spatial data of the new location
site. Moreover, this software helped me to provide 3D dimensional view of the terrain land and also
rotating as well as magnifying the projected maps. I correlated the Google earth which produce earth
based satellites maps and photographs for getting more information about neighbouring BTS towers
nearby the new location. CE1.12 I updated the mapping functionality and survey reports using the
Crystal reports. The Crystal reports, is a third party software used for creating reports directly from
the Mapinfo database, in the form of tabular data form. CE1.13 I documented all measurements and
findings based on the land survey and submitted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the simulation software, a tool named Signal Distribution was used for analysis of RF signal. I
used the following formula for manually calculating the channel interference of two APs: channel
interference = (90+P) x 100/60, where P was the signal Power and swapped the corresponding
signal power to determine the strength of the interference of one other. CE1.18 For pre–deployment
survey report, I always updated the data and measurements and directly reported to Team leader
regarding the progress and updates. Pre–deployment survey report was basic survey report for the
designing and implementing the Radio Network Design (RND). CE 1.19 I created a virtual RF
environment using a RF modelling tool called AirMagnet planner. I installed a single AP in the
location site and simulated different virtual APs on the floor plan based on the Mapinfo software to
estimate the expected coverage. Based on the spatial report of the survey provided by the Mapinfo, I
analysed the spatial terrain feature of the new BTS site. The virtual implementation of BTS cell site
on Mapinfo is given below CE1.20 Three virtual sectors (Usually each sectors uses 60 degree angle
projection) were implemented on the antenna and each sector is shown in different colour based on
the design. In the above figure, light green shows the area covered by the light green sector and so
on. The coverage of the each sector can increase or decreased based on the frequency given to each
of them. The design and

Thomas Jefferson's Influence On Modern Geography
Samuel Schafer
Dr. Michael Pretes
GE 300W
10/11/2016
Jefferson and Modern Geography
Geography is such a holistic discipline that it requires much concentration and focus on its subject
matter. A geographer must focus on a specific topic that interests him or her and devote their brain
power to discovering how the area of interest is influenced by its geographic environment through a
spatial perspective. Thomas Jefferson is one such individual who committed throughout his life to
view the world through the spatial lens.
In William A. Koelsch's article on Thomas Jefferson, American Geographers, and the Uses of
Geography Koelsch makes the argument for the reanalysis of Jefferson's geographic prowess as
basis for his title as the "Father of Modern Geography" (Koelsch, 2010). If we know the current
state of modern geography, we can then trace the influencers of the current philosophical approach
to spatial thinking through our history books to then find the impact of Thomas Jefferson's influence
on the study of geography and how his influence has evolved geography into the expansive science
it is today. As revealed in Tim Cresswell's textbook Geographic Thought, modern Geography is
largely a product of key influential geographers who applied their research to changing and solving
some of the greatest issues of their time. The granite base for the Geography we know today was
founded on the spatial thinking of the early German geographers. Among them was one Alexander

Ecological Niche Modeling For The Neotropical Felid...
Ecological niche modeling for the neotropical felid jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaruni)
Abstract
Despite sharing common territory with the well–studied ocelot, little research has been done on the
jaguarundi. The preferred habitat of the species is currently unknown as the jaguarundi has been
spotted in a variety of different biomes, though it is thought they may prefer living along the borders
between habitats (Giordano, 2016). Previous spatial analysis has been focused on phenotypic
changes or based on out–of–date data (da Silva et al., 2016; Wilcox et al., n.d.). Using 336 records
gathered from the year 2000 to 2015, this project will identify priority jaguarundi habitat and which
environmental variables have the largest impact on where the species lives. Priority habitat will be
determined using two methods: Mahalanobis D2 using SAS code and maximum entropy using the
program MaxEnt (Duncan and Dunn, 2001; Rotenberry et al., 2006). Both will be trained on 70% or
the data points and then checked against the remaining 30%. The chosen environmental variables
will then be stacked to form a graded map of priority habitat. This map will then be contrasted with
the existing range map and the Bordercats Working Group map of priority jaguarundi habitat in
northern Mexico (Wilcox et al., n.d.). The ranges of the maps will likely match up relatively well,
but the new map will allow for greater specificity in policy decisions and a better understanding of
what environmental

Description Of The Geographic Information System
The geographic information system is also used in finding clusters. This is done using multiple
algorithms to come with a group of unrelated regions that match the theme of interest. The cluster
contains points that meet the criterion required for the theme. For instance, members of a cluster
could be points where the distance between them is less than a particular threshold or points whose
population density is above a particular range. The process requires many levels of iteration before
the choice of the correct algorithm can be identified. Cluster identification has been used in different
organizations to group oil deposits depending on their size based on the population surrounding
them. There are several techniques and models used in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pipelines need to cover the shortest distance possible while at the same ensuring safety and
minimum interference with the environment. Determination of what is an area involves looking at
the type of vegetation and soils are in a zone.
Apart from the oil industry, the geographical information systems have also gained much use in
other critical application in Saudi Arabia. For instance, the system is used in both telecom and
network services. Its relevance as a planning and a decision–making tool in the telecom industry
cannot be overemphasized. The so–called GDi GISDATA enables the telecommunication companies
to integrate geographical data in their network planning, design and maintenance activities. The
technology allows the companies to enhance their location–based services, develop engineering/
geographical applications and customer relationship. Geographic information system also enables
the authorities and insurance companies do both accident and hot spot analysis. As such, the
technology helps in the reduction of accidents in the roads through the optimization of road
networks and facilitating the improvement of roads through proper traffic in management (Khormi,
Kumar, & Elzahrany, 2011). The technology helps identify the locations and map them by their
population and traffic details. In addition, the geographic information system is convenient to use in
rerouting design. The system has also gained much prominence in urban planning is Saudi

Mapinfo Essay
CE1.12 I used the Raster image option in Mapinfo for generating detailed topographical features
and calculating the geographical distances and areas. I developed a two stage process for the
creation of raster image. First, I initialized the vector coordinate values of the new location site
obtained from the GPS receiver from the database Mapinfo software. Second step was the
integration of the scanned aerial photographs obtained from Google Earth and paper map of the site
location provided by the surveying agency, Survey of India. I added the coordinate values manually
in the MapInfo table tool box, as there were some areas where GPS signal was unavailable.
CE1.13 I noticed that the spatial data of the new BTS site data were provided by ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
I documented all measurements and findings based on the land survey and submitted reports to
Team lead for further verification of the report.
CE1.16 I was in–charge for submitting pre–deployment survey report for installation of the new
BTS tower. I investigated the terrain feature obtained from the Mapinfo software. The information
obtained from Mapinfo was used as the basis for the identifying the ideal location for the cell site.
CE1.17 I conducted a wireless survey by using a wireless adapter for detecting the existing active
access points and measuring the signal strength in new location site. Since pre–deployment survey
was initial process for coverage site survey, I decided temporary access point as the reference point
and applied trial and error method to identify different AP located on the new site within the limited
boundary.
CE1.18 I used a spectrum analyser with a band of 2.4 GHz which was connected to the PC for the
survey to detect the RF activity in the limited location and was used to calculate the signal as well as
the noise intensity in the region. I noticed variations in the power as I moved along from the
reference point; I noted and referred this variation was due to the channel interference of the
neighbouring BTS towers. I used the PC to generate the graphical and numerical data based on the
spectrum analyser.
CE 1.19 For the accuracy of measurement and data, I

The Current Trends And Major Industries That Are Utilizing...
Introduction GIS is an abbreviation for Geographic Information Systems. GIS is a perfect blend of
geography and technology. People can accumulate various forms of location data (both tangible and
intangible) and produce living, breathing maps. By utilizing the power of Geographic Information
Systems, users can create powerful applications. These applications can range in size from being
small (surveying a single farm) to large (displaying real time voting across the country in a
presidential election). The paper will begin with a literature review on the sources used for research
including conference papers, lectures, and trade magazines. Immediately following the literature
review, there will be the discussion which entails a thorough explanation of the fundamental
concepts that contribute to the foundation of Geographic Information Systems. After the explanation
of concepts, there will be high level summary of Roger Tomlinson's GIS implementation plan for
companies. This paper will then discuss the current trends and major industries that are utilizing
GIS. In the end, there will be a conclusion that will include a future analysis on GIS. Literature
Review Discussion Geographic Information Systems is a basic input/output mechanism. The user
collects geo location data such streets, buildings, or rivers and non–geo information including
populations, compensations, or other meta data. After careful research, the user can compile the data
and enter it into the system. With

The 's Historical Atlas Of Central Asia
For millennia, civilizations on either side of the Eurasian Continent exchanged both products and
ideas through the complex networks of the Silk Route. Central Asia, given its strategic position on
this route, long served a critical role at the crossroads between East and West. However, while
cultures on both ends of the networks have by and large been extensively researched, Central Asia –
despite its centrality – is frequently ignored or marginalized; rather than claiming a separate area of
study, it oftentimes retreats to the peripheries of a larger grouping, whether the Islamic world, the
Sinosphere, or the Russian Empire. Yuri Bregel, on the other hand, proposes an alternative
perception of the region. He contends that Central Asia ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Climate is a dominant factor in the development of Central Asian civilizations. In the first map,
titled "The Principal Geographical Features and Provinces," Bregel paints the environmental
conditions of each locale with rich details (3). Deserts cast a pervasive presence in the map, limiting
both human movement and patterns of settlement. Because of Central Asia's high aridity, most
population centers lie on the banks of Amu–Darya and Sir–Darya, the main rivers in the region, as
well as their tributaries. These circumstances, together with the ubiquity of mountains in the south,
produce a series of sedentary provinces such as Ferghana and Khorezm that are relatively isolated
from one another. Furthermore, the deserts act as a natural barrier disjoining the mountain–based
farming communities from the vast steppes to their north, where a more temperate climate and flat
terrains encourage nomadic ways of life. Conflicts often arise when the two groups intersect, and the
struggle between sedentary city–states and nomadic empires comprises a key theme in the history of
Central Asia.
Nowhere is the distinction between the two categories more apparent than in the drawing of political
boundaries. Bregel explains in the preface that "various Central Asian states knew to protect their

Cultural Geography Of Toronto Essay
Toronto is a place in cultural imagination that occupies a historical locale with its time and space of
the modern geography.
Cultural geography of place presents a novel vision of Toronto as a social and a symbolic
constitutive process of historical change, in which nature is a shaping force of our mind as people.
The present album comprises a series of paintings by Lyudmyla (Mila)
Shugurova, in which landscapes have characters, voices, stories that take the habitats into an
extraordinary voyage of time as space.
From the beginning of times, the place has been forming with three receding glacial successions and
their beautiful ornaments of rocks, limestone, and basalt. Glacial movements have left an excellent
bed with nutritious deposits and ice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lawrence, Kaniatarowanenneh.
Lake Ontario is well outlined by the touching presence of the last glaciation, and is indeed "a
shining water" as its name suggests in
Wyandot, the language of the Huron.
During colonialism, Toronto was formed as the boundary place with a flourishing economy and a
transitory social corridor of trade, development and settlement. Transition marks a threshold that is
constantly making the cultural topology of its diverse environments as landscapes, the social scenes
amidst the natural time of change. In this album, the cultural landscapes are voyagers themselves,
reveries for tourism as the forgotten sense for belonging and its musing longing. As the changing
space, it represents one of the best habitats for a migrating society through which people may see
better their true belonging to cosmos outside the rigid limits and borders of the political and social
fragmentation.
In the present collection, we look at Toronto as the living locale through the ethics of history that
makes our choices social in the realms of the cultural habitats. Shaping places, nature speaks to us

Chapter Summary Of Prisoners Of Geography By Tom Marshall
Prisoners of Geography by Tom Marshall is a creatively written book that explores the effect an
environment has on one's life. Marshall illustrates the histories of ten contrasting regions and how
their geographies have shaped the way they live today.
The book is introduced with Russia. Although seventy–five percent of Russia's population expands
into Asia, it is not considered to be an Asian power, essentially because only a limited 22 percent of
its population lives there. A majority or Russia's wealth comes from Siberia. Siberia carries a great
deal of minerals, oil and gas. The second chapter focuses on China. China is one of the fastest
growing countries with a whopping population of 1.4 billion people. Along with an expanding
community, China has also recently become a naval power, after ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Chapter four targets western Europe. Western Europe has the biggest economy in the world, this
may be a result of the long, navigable rivers, that were made for trading and transporting goods. It
may also be considered the origin of the modern world. The fifth chapter relates to Africa. Africa is
commonly known as a less successful region. Many of its rivers are counterproductive, as you
encounter a waterfall every few miles. The one river that is effective is its most popular, the Nile
River. Because borders in Africa are artificial, many ethnic conflicts arise. The next chapter is about
the Middle East. The Middle East contains the world's largest sand desert called the Rub al Khali or
"Empty Quarter". The Middle East is also home to several countries in poverty, and the familiar
terrorist organization ISIS. The seventh chapter focuses on India and Pakistan. Although they were
once a single country, Pakistan and India can agree on one thing, they don't want to be around the
other. India is a striving country with a rich economy, while Pakistan is the complete opposite. The
countries have had countless wars over

What is geography? Author Alastair Bonnett attempts to...
What is geography? Author Alastair Bonnett attempts to answer this question in the book titled the
same. He states that geography is a "human enterprise...[that] is an attempt to find and impose
order."1 He explores the many facets of geography that include history, political power, climate, and
the humans that live throughout the world. The first two chapters explain in more detail about how
geography is knowing the world through both political order and nature. The first chapter of
Bonnett's What is Geography? explores geography through order and power. Bonnett asserts that
humans have a "consistent desire to order their world."2 This order accomplishes two things: it
allows humans to find meaning in the world and helps to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They relied on an understanding of the land to further their own economic aspirations. A nation that
knows that maps are "a supremely practical tool"7 benefit immensely. An understanding of
geography allows for a civilization to know exactly how, what, where, and when it is best for trade
and excavation of resources. Bonnett finishes the first chapter by exploring a modern dilemma in
geography. He believes that geography is used to explain not only the world, but also people.
Unfortunately, explaining people can sometimes turn to racism and prejudice. In Africa, for
example, European explorers began interacting with traders and other native people. Europeans saw
the lack of tools, weapons, and western philosophy and science as "tangible means of distinguishing
civilized peoples from savages and barbarians."8 These early observations were the beginning of
hundreds of years of racist thought and study into supporting this supremacist beliefs that expanded
globally. Bonnett balances this by reassuring his reader that modern geography has many examples
that show more understanding of the world and the people in it. Chapter two focuses on a second
important area of geography. Nature has profound impact on human development. Bonnett draws
upon the idea of Jared Diamond that "environment molds history."9 This idea of environmental
determinism is a powerful notion. Throughout history, humans evolve and change with the world,
The environment and physical

Significant Places In The Wizarding World Of Harry Potter
1. Generally, what information is your map trying to communicate (e.g. the population density of
bears across Finland or roadways and significant points of interest in Singapore)? A. The location of
significant places in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. 2. In what ways does the map use
symbols to identify different features or conditions in the map? A. The map use symbols of trees,
building, roads, footsteps, and bridge to identify the castle, plants, and circulation of people.
Overall, the symbols are very easy to recognize. 3. Which supporting elements does the map
include? Which does it omit? Why do you think those were omitted? A. The map uses a title, north
arrow, label and a scale bar. The map omit the legend and a graticule and

Location And Transformation In Children
Location and transformation Location and transformation is a concept taught in the early years of
school, children are taught simple concepts such as under, over or next to. Exploring location and
movement of objects provides children a way to describe their environment and give directive to
their surroundings. Location progresses with the introduction of directions and distances travelled
such as moving forward or backward, this is further developed into directions such as north, east,
south, and west which is explored through movement (DoEWA, 2013). Learning about location
provides an opportunity for children to build mathematical concepts such as that of positive and
negative numbers and skills connected to other subjects, such as map skills

Scientist, Jared Diamond, Explains How Europeans Gained...
Many Caucasian's have thought and believed positively they were superior to many other races.
Most of these people were from a geographic area that had advanced technology, large populations,
and a large workforce. This area started in the Middle East and spread laterally within a similar
environment that provided a fertile habitat for farmer gatherers. Jared Diamond discovered that
approximately 13,000 years ago man started out as hunter–gatherers following seasonal game
migration to provide food for their survival. Man would find whatever food that grew in that area to
supplement the game animals for sustenance, but this activity would take a majority of his time and
would be conditional to the regions environment and his own ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This in turn freed up many workers to produce other necessities. One very important item was steel.
From it came better tools for farming and weapons. The Middle East lost its advantage due to
drought conditions. Egypt used the wheat, barley, sheep, goats, cows, and pigs to transform human
society. Egypt produced enough food to free a workforce that built one of the wonders of the world,
the pyramids. These engineers and inventers discovered resources in their environment to produce
clay, steel, gunpowder, and paper. The scholars of the culture spread philosophy, religion, and
politics. Paper and the invention of printing preserved knowledge and history, along with better steel
and guns gave the power to dominate other cultures in less fortunate environments. Building sea
worthy boats enabled the armies to conquer these cultures and take their resources for their own
gain. Trading with other powerful cultures producing goods increased the diverse resources with
which to become a superpower and to continue to dominate the sea and many different lands. But
with the large cities and close proximity of people, and farms with animals in herds and humans
close together, came the quick spread of diseases. These diseases tempered populations, but also
some humans built up immunities, which were passed to their offspring. Therefore, even though
many people died, it did advance the civilization with anti–bodies protecting the culture, but as
carriers

Human Geography: How Human Influence On Antarctica
What makes Antarctica unique regarding human geography, is how humans influenced the
continent. physical geography is far more significant than human appearance. Antarctica is a cold,
frozen, and mostly empty land found at the South Pole of the earth.
Antarctica is a cold, frozen, and mostly empty land found at the South Pole of the earth. Humans go
there mostly for research and occasional tourism, though it's incredibly inhospitable, especially in
the colder months. Due to the harsh environment, it remains the last true wilderness on earth and is
protected by an international agreement called the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. In this Treaty, world
leaders agreed that everywhere south of 60° south latitude would remain unclaimable by any
country. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The country has over 5,000 Russian Orthodox churches. Many are built anew or under repair on
parish and local budgets money. Russia religion varies significantly Rather it be a question of as
easy opposed to west; Catholicism and Protestantism to Eastern Order; Islam as opposed to
Christianity; many were to blame identifying cultural faults across the continent. Russia has been a
innovator for many cultural traditions and events, such as humanism which have consequently been
spread across internationally. This classical concept influenced the creation of art and literature
beyond the continent.
What makes Antarctica unique regarding human geography, is how humans influenced the
continent. physical geography is far more significant than human appearance. Antarctica is a cold,
frozen, and mostly empty land found at the South Pole of the earth.
Antarctica is a cold, frozen, and mostly empty land found at the South Pole of the earth. Humans go
there mostly for research and occasional tourism, though it's incredibly inhospitable, especially in
the colder months. Due to the harsh environment, it remains the last true wilderness on earth and is
protected by an international agreement called the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. In this Treaty, world
leaders agreed that everywhere south of 60° south latitude would remain unclaimable by any
country. The treaty says that it cannot be used in military reasons, or to dispose of radioactive waste
– only peaceful

Essay On Retrieval Process
Texture is one of the crucial primitives in human vision and texture features have been used to
identify contents of images. Examples are identifying crop fields and mountains from aerial image
domain. Moreover, texture can be used to describe contents of images, such as clouds, bricks, hair,
etc. Both identifying and describing characteristics of texture are accelerated when texture is
integrated with color, hence the details of the important features of image objects for human vision
can be provided. One crucial distinction between color and texture features is that color is a point, or
pixel, property, whereas texture is a local–neighborhood property. The main motivation for using
texture is the identifying and describing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mag(p)= gradient magnitude.
Dir(p)=gradient direction.
c. Laws Texture Energy Measures:
For detecting various types of textures it uses local masks. To compute the energy of texture it uses
convolution masks of 5×5 which is represented by a nine element vector for each pixel.
SHAPE
Shape is an important visual feature and it is one of the basic features used to describe image
content. However, shape representation and description is a difficult task. This is because when a 3–
D real world object is projected onto a 2–D image plane, one dimension of object information is
lost. As a result, the shape extracted from the image only partially represents the projected object. To
make the problem even more complex, shape is often corrupted with noise, defects, arbitrary
distortion and occlusion. Further it is not known what is important in shape. Current approaches
have both positive and negative attributes; computer graphics or mathematics use effective shape
representation which is unusable in shape recognition and vice versa. In spite of this, it is possible to
find features common to most shape description approaches Usually, Shape features can be
extracted from an image by using two kinds of methods: contour and regions. Contour based
methods are normally used to extract the boundary features of an object shape. Such methods
completely ignore the important features inside the boundaries. Region–based image retrieval
methods firstly apply segmentation

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