Bronchitis And Its Effect On The Respiratory System

Bronchitis And Its Effect On The Respiratory System
Many things can have a negative effect on the respiratory system; ranging from irritants to genetic causes. Asthma is a disease that causes the lungs to
become inflamed. With asthma when the lungs come in contact with irritants such as smoke or dust the airways to tighten and narrow. Another
problem that could occur with the respiratory system is bronchitis. When a human has got bronchitis, the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes
becomes inflamed and more mucus is produced. One of the main causes for bronchitis is smoking. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease affecting the
lungs. Cystic Fibrosis causes mucus in the body to be abnormally thick. The mucus can clog the airways in the lungs and therefore make people more
prone to getting
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An Inflammatory Factor Called Nerve Growth Factor
example, there is an inflammatory factor called nerve growth factor (NGF), which is gathered in tissues under inflammatory conditions/responses.15
Neurogenic inflammation in correlation with the mentioned process induces secretion of proinflammatory molecules and cytokines and acts as a
feedback in order to increase secretion of NGF.15,68 These inflammatory processes cause airway remodeling (neural plasticity).15 Neural plasticity of
the airways causes an elevation in the level of tachykinins and makes its secretion easier.15 This process leads to nervous hyperactivity and
consequently bronchial hyperresponsiveness.15,69
Release of chemotactic and toxic mediators causes activation of macrophage and degranulation of mast cells, which can lead to an inflammatory
response that is at the highest level in airway remodeling.5 It brings about subepithelial thickening, and changes of mucous glands and smooth muscles
structure.5,12 In addition, there is some evidence in bronchial biopsies of the cases with acute–onset of IIA, including epithelial desquamation
(denuded epithelium), significant detected number of lymphocytes (mononuclear inflammation), airway remodeling, collagen deposition in the
bronchial wall (edematous mucosa).5,15,70 These types of alterations have been reported in the experiments with animal models as well.71
Furthermore, studies revealed that there are other alterations in this type of asthma, such as mucosal squamous cell metaplasia, basement membrane

Eczema and Dermatitis Essay example
Dermatitis is a general term that describes an inflammation of the skin. There are different types of dermatitis, including seborrheic dermatitis and
atopic dermatitis (eczema). Although the disorder can have many causes and occur in many forms, it usually involves swollen, reddened and itchy
skin. (www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/dermatitis–000048.htm) Dermatitis is a common condition that usually isn't life–threatening or contagious. But, it
can make you feel uncomfortable and self–conscious. A combination of self–care steps and medications can help you treat dermatitis. The different
types of dermatitis are classified according to the cause of the condition. Contact is the condition caused by an allergen or an irritating substance....
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Also, the area of the skin on which the symptoms appear tends to be different with every type of dermatitis. The symptoms of contact dermatitis
usually appear at the site where the allergen got into contact with the skin. Also, the symptoms of neurodermatitis are limited to a single area, often
the neck, wrist, forearm, thigh or ankle. More rarely, the primary symptom of this condition which is itchy skin may appear on the genital area, such
as the vulva or scrotum. Symptoms of this type of dermatitis may be very intense and may come and go. Irritant contact dermatitis is usually more
painful than itchy. Although the symptoms of atopic dermatitis vary from person to person, the most common symptoms are dry, itchy, red skin.
Typical affected skin areas include the folds of the arms, the back of the knees, wrists, face and hands. Less commonly there may be cracks behind the
ears, and various other rashes on any part of the body. Itching is the primary symptoms of this condition. Dermatitis herpetiformis symptoms include
itching, stinging and a burning sensation. Papules and vesicles are commonly present. The small red bumps experienced in this type of dermatitis are
usually about 1 cm in size, red in color and may be found symmetrically grouped or distributed on

The Negative Effects Of Cosmetics, Care On Their Skin,...
A cosmetics are products that people use as a makeup , care about their hair , skin, or teeth. Around the world there are countries have in place
administrative standards that assure these products are intact for the users, the environment, and for use by consumers. Everybody around the world
capable to use makeup. There are a huge number of chemicals usable for incorporation into such brands. Cosmetics allergic feedback are very
common. This research examines the negative effects in cosmetics and it will talk about kinds of products that head for cause an allergic .These
contain UV filters, perfume, makeups, hair care brands and nail care brands. people could use cosmetics in many ways that is meant, to be scrubbed,
flow, sprayed on, insert into or otherwise utilized to the people body or any part in for disinfecting, beautifying, increase attractiveness or enhance the
physical look. Cosmetic products working out and increasing annually. Therefore, most people became use them daily, but it has a lot of negative
physical effects. Inclusive within the definition of cosmetics are:
– Moisturisers, sunscreens and skin lightening creams.
– Make–ups such as foundations, eye shadows and lipsticks.
– Nail care products including nail varnishes, paint removers and acrylic nails.
It's necessary to keep in mind that a lots of skin care products contain UV filters, thus people should be careful about the allergens in this group.
negative effects in sunscreen include irritant, phototoxic and photoallergic reactions, and allergic feedback not only because of UV filters but even by
the additives such as fragrances and preservatives. (clive http://maurice.bgsu.edu ) Epidemiology:
Cosmetic brands are used around the world. About 8,000 material are accessible to the cosmetic scientist for integration into makeups. It has been
evaluated that an moderate people uses nine cosmetic products everyday and more than 25 % of women use 15 or more. The exact happens of
cosmetic brand allergy is anonymous. A lot of people notify a smooth reaction to a cosmetic brand but easily quit the annoying product without
following more realization. Studies have displayed that when checked, the rated extent of allergy to a cosmetic or its

Pathophysiology Of Chronic Asthma And Acute Asthma
Introduction
Respiratory disorder, mostly affect the upper or lower respiratory tract, however bacterial or viral infection are the causative agent and the disease is
common in all ages. In addition, the lungs and the bronchi can also be affected, causing inflammation and obstruction of the airflow resulting in
wheezing, chest tightness, stridor, low grade fever, cough, and hemoptysis due severe damage to the lung tissues. Most common diseases of the
respiratory system include; pneumonia, croup, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, and tuberculosis, affected disease location determines the signs and
symptoms. Hereditary and environmental factors such as allergens and other irritants can be a contributory factor, especially in children. However,
respiratory compromise occur as a result of incomplete airway development among this vulnerable population predisposing them to chronic asthma
(Huether & McCance, 2012).
The purpose of this paper is to describe the pathophysiology of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation, with explanation of arterial blood gas
pattern during an asthma exacerbation. Also, explain how ethnicity might impact pathophysiology of asthma and asthma exacerbation. The diagnosis
and treatment plan needed to relieve the presented signs and symptoms will be reviewed. Lastly, constructs two mind maps for chronic asthma and
asthma exacerbation including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

Lab Report on TLC analisys of Analgestic Drugs Essay examples
TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs
Introduction
In this experiment, thin–layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine the composition of various over–the–counter (OTC) analgesics: Anacin,
Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol. The TLC plates were first viewed under ultraviolet (UV) light and then treated with iodine vapor in order to visualize
the spotting.
Experiment Scheme Initially, sixteen capillary micropipets were created in order to spot the TLC plates. Two TLC plates were then obtained and
marked with pencil for spotting. A line was drawn 1 cm from the bottom of each plate, and five small, evenly spaced marks were made along those
lines (see Figure 1). Each mark indicated where a substance would be spotted.
All compounds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were first viewed under UV light, where any spots were circled with a pencil. They were then placed in a jar with iodine where some spots
developed a brownish color. Figure 6 shows approximately what each plate looked like after it was viewed.
Any circles with X's were ones that developed the brownish color after exposure to the iodine.
Figure 6. Developed TLC Plates
The Rf values were calculated based on these observations. They are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Rf Values
Name
Distance from Base to Center of Spot (cm)
Г·
Distance from Base to Sovlent Front (cm)
=
Rf Value acetaminophen 4.0
Г·
5.5
=
.73 aspirin 4.7

Г·
5.5
=
.85 caffeine 2.4
Г·
5.5
=
.44 salicylamide 4.6
Г·
5.5
=
.84
Anacin
2.6
Г·
5.8
=
.45
Bufferin
5.0
Г·
5.8
=
.86
Excedrin
2.6
Г·
5.8
=
.45
4.3
Г·
5.8
=

.74
Tylenol
4.3
Г·
5.8
=
.74
Discussion This experiment was designed to determine which analgesic compounds common OTC drugs contained. According to research done after
the experiment, the testing successfully determined which compounds the sample drugs contained. The results showed that Tylenol contains
acetaminophen, Excedrin contains caffeine and acetaminophen, Anacin contains caffeine, and Bufferin most likely contains

Carcinogens: Isopropyl Myristate?
Isopropyl Myristate (IPM) A known irritant of eyes, skin and respiratory systems. Brilliant Blue FCF: A colorant for foods and other substances to
induce a color change. It has the capacity for inducing an allergic reaction in individuals with pre–existing moderate asthma. Amaranth: A dark red to
purple azo dye. It is used as a food dye and to color cosmetics, known as a suspected carcinogen. Rhodamine: Rhodamine dyes can cause phototoxic or
photoallergic reactions. It causes irritation to the respiratory tract lead to coughing, sore throat, labored breathing, and chest pain, irritation to the
gastro–intestinal tract, eye and skin irritation with redness and pain. Dibromofluorescein It may cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, paralysis, coma,

How Atopy Can Be Defined As The Genetic Tendency Of An...
Atopy can be defined as the genetic tendency of an individual to develop allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. It is
also known as a hypersensitivity disorder or an exaggerated immune reaction to a foreign antigen. It is associated with a heightened immune response
by the body to common allergens which may be inhaled, contact or food allergens (Medicine net, 2016). Atopy also involves the capacity to produce
immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to common environmental proteins, resulting in an IgE mediated allergy (Medscape, 2017). As in the case study,
an IgE– mediated allergy to finned fish and crustaceans was established.
The earliest symptomatic presentations were itchiness, redness and swelling of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inhalation of the seafood–aerosols resulted in the asthma symptoms. Inhalation is also a common route of entry for allergens into the systemic
circulation.
Also, the constant skin contact with native fish and crustaceans for about 10years while working as a truck driver was another predisposing factor. The
longer the exposure time of the substance on the surface of the body, the higher the dermal absorption of substances into the body (Mehta, 2004).
Another exposure factor is that the sensitization by the worker was facilitated by the wet and cold conditions of the work environment (irritative
factors). Increase in the water content and temperature of the skin increases the rate and extent of dermal absorption of substances. A rise in the
temperature of the skin results in vasodilation which allows for the passage of more blood in the dermal layers of the skin resulting in an increase in
the transport via diffusion of harmful materials into the body (Shier, Butler, & Lewis, 2014, p. 136). When the integrity of the skin surface is
compromised or damaged by temperature trauma resulting from wet and cold conditions of the sea–food products, scrapes, cuts or bruises due to lack
of hand gloves; its ability to serve as an effective protective layer is affected (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2013).
Therefore, the lower the integrity of the skin, the higher the permeability and extent of dermal absorption of substances from the skin surface

Seasonal Allergies Research
Seasonal allergies from common allergens, like bee pollen, dust, and mold, affect over 50 million Americans every year. If you wear glasses and
have allergies, you know how frustrating finding relief from itchy, watery eyes can be when your glasses get in the way. The friendly professionals at
Wing Eyecare understand the difficulties of having allergies and wearing glasses. Below, they give three tips on how to alleviate your frustrations and
prevent worsening your symptoms. Wear Sunglasses Outside Wind–borne pollen and mold spores are often found in the air outside, especially when
it's windy. By wearing sunglasses while you're outdoors, you give yourself an extra layer of protection and reduce the amount of allergens that can get
into your

Non Seasonal Allergies
Mr. James could be suffering either from allergies (seasonal or non–seasonal), common cold, influenza (FLU), and sinusitis. With the symptoms
presented by Mr. James, he could be experiencing any of the diagnosis stated above. In the sense that allergies, common cold, flu and sinusitis all have
the same symptoms such as runny nose, itchy eyes, and sneezing. However, an individual with an allergies usually have a thin watery discharge from
running nose and symptoms can begin to show immediately after exposure to specific irritant and can last as long as the individual is exposed to the
allergic or irritant (the asthma center, 2015). The difference between seasonal and non–seasonal allergy is that, seasonal allergies occurs from allergic
sensitivity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James illness, but from the symptoms he is presenting, it clearly shows an allergic reaction with a subtype of allergy rhinitis. According to the
university of Maryland medical center, common signs of allergic rhinitis include itchy watery eyes, runny nose, sneezing and sleep disorder (2015).
This is an illness that tends to run in families and if one of the parents has it, there's a possibility that one of the children will have allergic rhinitis. This
inflammation is usually precipitated from outdoor environmental irritants such as air pollution, smoke, chemicals, stress or cold. Allergic rhinitis
affects all ages with risk factors including family history, breastfeeding, and environmental exposure (University of Maryland medical center, 2015).
Allergic rhinitis cannot be cured, but it can be managed with proper therapy. The ideal way to manage the condition is to avoid allergy

Contact Dermatitis Case Study
Response # 2
Hello Mie Fowler,
I enjoyed reading your great post about case study # 1. I do agree with you that contact dermatitis seems to be the probable diagnosis for this patient.
According to Usatine and Riojas (2010); Mowad, Anderson, Scheinman, Pootongkam, Nedorost, and Brod (2016), contact dermatitis is a widespread
inflammatory skin syndrome branded by pruritic and erythematous skin grazes that happen following a contact with a foreign substance.
There are two types of contact dermatitis namely allergic and irritant, the irritant contact dermatitis is triggered by the non–immune modulated irritant
substance of the skin that spearheads skin vicissitudes while allergic contact dermatitis is a deferral hypersensitivity upshot with a foreign matter comes
into skin interaction whereby the skin vicissitudes triggers with subject matter reexposure (Usatine & Riojas, 2010). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
E., Dunn, A. M., Brady, M. A., Starr, N. B., Blosser, C. G., & Garzon, 2017). Indeed, I concur with the treatment management you indicated, however,
if the treatment modality is unsuccessful and the precise diagnosis or allergen persist unidentified, a patch analysis must be executed. What is your
take on

Black Skin Research Paper
Black men and girls face distinctive challenges once it involves their black skin care.
Darker skin has a lot of animal pigment however is additionally susceptible to scarring and hyper–pigmentation. this could cause variety of skin care
issues, discoloration and even skin perform these reasons cancer.
For, it's imperative that black men and girls to require excellent care of their skin the least bit times.
Black skin care
Cleansing black skin in to keep up the natural radiance of your skin it's vital to undertake a dailyday} cleanup regime every each day.
It is powerfully counseled that you simply perform the right cleanup, once within the morning and once before hour.
Black skin care tips
Black ladies and men square measure terribly vulnerable to malignant melanoma and different kinds of carcinoma, thus protection could be a should. ...
forever wear emollient once defrayment extended gap times within the sun – contribute to assist hats and glasses to shield your skin.
Wear pastel wear that directs the rays of the sun and protects your regular

Essay on Asthma
Asthma is a disorder of the respiratory system in which the passages that enable air to pass into and out of the lungs periodically narrow, causing
coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. This narrowing is typically temporary and reversible, but in severe attacks, asthma may result in death.
Asthma most commonly refers to bronchial asthma, an inflammation of the airways, but the term is also used to refer to cardiac asthma, which
develops when fluid builds up in the lungs as a complication of heart failure. This article focuses on bronchial asthma.
More than 17 million Americans suffer from asthma, with nearly 5 million cases occurring in children under age 18. In the United States, asthma
causes nearly 5,500 deaths each year. Asthma... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Asthma Attacks
Asthma attacks occur when the bronchi and bronchioles become inflamed, reducing the space through which air can travel through the lungs. This
causes the asthmatic to work harder to move air in and out of the lungs. Asthma attacks usually begin with mild chest pressure and a dry cough. As an
attack intensifies, wheezing develops and increases in pitch; breathing becomes difficult; and coughing produces thick, stringy mucus. As the airway
inflammation prevents some of the oxygen–rich air from reaching the alveoli, the cells of the body start to burn oxygen at a higher rate, actually
increasing the body's demand for oxygen. The frequency of asthma attacks varies considerably among asthma suffers. Some people have daily attacks,
while others can go months or even years without having an attack.
Inflammation of the airway occurs when an irritant–such as pet hair or cigarette smoke–comes into contact with the airway walls. Upon detecting the
irritant as a harmful invader, the body's immune system sends special cells known as mast cells to the site of irritation, in this case the airway walls.
The mast cells release histamine, a chemical that causes swelling and redness in a process called the inflammatory response. Histamine also causes
bronchospasms, in which the muscles lining the airway walls contract repeatedly, causing the airways to narrow even more. In addition, cells that
lubricate the airways with mucus–called

Distillation Method Of Isopentyl Acetate ( Banana Oil )
Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil)
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment was to study the esterification reaction principle and master the preparation method of the isoamyl acetate. It was use
isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid as raw materials, to the synthesis of isoamyl acetate. The necessary methods are reflux process and distillation process.
Experiment Scheme
Chemical Structure 1: Isopentyl alcohol Chemical Structure 2: Acetic acid Chemical Structure 3: Isopentyl acetate Chemical Structure 4: Sulfuric acid
Chemical Structure 5: Sodium bicarbonate Chemical Structure 6: Sodium chloride Chemical Structure 7: Anhydrous sodium sulfate Reaction:
Mechanism: First. We weight the 10–ml graduated cylinder and record the data for 37.87g. Then put 5ml isopentyl alcohol and weight it with the
10–ml graduated cylinder for 41.94g. So, we get the isopentyl alcohol weight is 4.07g. Then, we also weight 7ml glacial acetic acid and put it into the
10–ml graduated cylinder. We add 1–ml sulfuric acid and put it into the 10–ml graduated cylinder too. After we mix all of the liquid, we put a boiling
stone in the flask. Next, we good connection device like the picture. Then heating under reflux. Before reflux, we should check it. First, we should
wait until the liquid began to boil and the color was changing to brown. Then, continue to heat for 75 minutes. After 75 minutes, we stop it. And we
need to cool the liquid to the room temperature. Then we ready 10ml ice water to cool the liquid. After cooling it, we put the liquid in the separatory
funnel. And we should add 5ml saturated aqueous sodium to separate it. After first separate it. Then add 5ml saturated aqueous sodium chloride to
separate it. Then transfer the liquid to a 25–ml round–bottom flask. After one week, we first weight the sample mass. Then put our sample to another
group's graduated cylinder. And weight the combine mass. Then put the sample into a distillation unit. To begin the distillation and record the boiling
point range. And we should also weight the mass after distillation. We can calculate the percentage yield.
Data
NameFomulaMW (g/mol)AmountsMoleStateDensity (g/ cm3)Melting Point (в„ѓ)Boiling

Aromatherapy Lab Report
Aromatherapy Lab 8 Immunity/sinus/cough blend
November 14, 2014
Aromatherapy 204
Jeanne Papish
Materials and Equipment:
2 oz Sweet Almond oil
2 drops Eucalyptus oil
1 drop Tea Tree oil
3 drops Peppermint oil
2 drops Lemon oil
Cotton Rounds
Ziploc plastic baggie
Lab Instructions: Make a therapeutic blend of Eos to help enhance my immunity to colds and coughs
Hypothesis: I hope that this blend will increase my immunity to colds and coughs.
Data:
Eucalyptus Oil: Eucalyptus oil is a good decongestant, especially when inhaled during coughs or a cold.
Contraindications: Do not take internally. Otherwise, eucalyptus is "non–toxic, non–irritating, and non–sensitizing".
Lemon oil (citrus limon): Lemon oil helps in treating cold and flu symptoms. It "stimulates the production of white blood cells to fight off invading
bacteria". ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Do not use Lemon oil before exposure to the sun. Otherwise, lemon oil is "non–toxic, non–irritant"
Peppermint oil: Peppermint oil is good for colds and flu when the condition is accompanied with headaches and fever. It is useful in sinus infection,
and in relieving cold symptoms.
Contraindications: Peppermint oil is non–toxic, non–irritant, and may occasionally be sensitizing". Do not use on children's faces.
Tea Tree Oil: Tea tree oil is antimicrobial and can be used to treat "bacteria, viruses, and fungi". It is good treatment for coughs, bronchitis, andasthma.
Contraindications: "Tea tree oil is non–toxic, non–irritant, and possibly sensitizing to some individuals". Store in dark glass bottles. Tea tree oil can be

harmful when oxidized.
Cold and Flu Aromatherapy Recipes – Cough blend (n.d) Amie's Aromatherapy Encyclopedia Retrieved from

Adulterated: A Summary And Analysis
Every essential oil has a unique signature, like a fingerprint. The different chemical constituents each have their own molecular weight that all blend
together to make an essential oil. (Lang, 2016) With every essential oil having their own fingerprint, that individual fingerprint can become a jumbled
mess when the oil is adulterated because the oil mixture is different and can be unknown to the system it is being tested with. When essential oils are
adulterated and it is tested it could possibly show up with a different fingerprint causing the oil to be different than the oil it actually is supposed to be.
Adulterated is when a pure high quality essential oil is mixed with a lower quality essential oil or even a lower quality oil ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Essential oils can be beneficial to the human body and mind when they are pure, but when they are adulterated they can cause problems within the
mind and the body. If someone would accept this thesis they would understand the cause and affect to the body that the adulterated essential oils can
cause on the body. When someone opposes this thesis they could deny the facts and believe that they are good for the body when actually they are
harming themselves more than they think. This is important because then people know how an adulterated essential oil can affect them and that just
because the label says 'pure' does not mean the essential oil is pure. If people start to open their eyes and realize what the essential oils do when they
are adulterated they will hopefully stop using the adulterated essential oils, and those businesses will go out of business, unless people keep using
them and ignore other the facts about that company. If nothing does change then a lot of people can and will be harmed by the adulterated essential
oils. If someone stands up and speaks out and tells people about the adulterated essential oils they can help raise awareness, and everyone can make

Chronic Bronchitis Research Papers
Cause of Bronchitis Bronchitis is the inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes tubes are responsible for carrying air to
the lungs. Acute bronchitis last from one to three weeks. Chronic bronchitis goes at least three months. According to healthline, Both the common cold
and influenza can lead to acute bronchitis. In rare cases, Bordetella Pertussis, which causes whooping cough can also cause acute bronchitis.
(Healthline). The inflammation occurs as a result of of an airway infection or environmental trigger such as dust, pollution, fumes. Smoking irritates the
bronchial tubes and causes them to produce excess mucus. According to webmd, every cigarette damage the cilia which are responsible for brushing
out debris, irritants, and excess mucus. The more you smoke, the more you're increasing your chances of developing chronic bronchitis. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dr. Rene Laennecdiscovered the relationship between emphysema and chronic bronchitis and first to connect it to the shortness of breath(1821). In
1846, John Hutchinson invented the spirometer which is used today in diagnosing and treating lung diseases like bronchitis. In 1954, bronchitis was
considered rare and described as a disease among the elderly. By 1870, emphysema and chronic bronchitis were related diseases that result in the
inflammation of the lungs.(lungs

Separation Of The Constituents Of An Analgesic Preparation
Kelly Wilinski
21 March 2016
Separation of the Constituents of an Analgesic Preparation: Acid/Base Extraction
15 February 2016 and 29 February 2016
Objective of the Experiment
The objective of this extraction experiment was to achieve a comprehensive understanding, as well as master the practice, of the technique of separating
various individual components of a compound.
Physical Properties and Structures of the Reactants and Products in the Experiment Dichloromethane
Dichloromethane has a molar mass of 84.93 g/mol. It has a density of 1.325 g/mL at 25В°C and a boiling point of 39.8–40.0В°C. Dichloromethane is
an irritant, a carcinogen, and highly toxic. Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate has a molar mass of 84.0 g/mol. It has a melting point of 50В°C and can be an irritant.
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid has a molar mass of 36.46 g/mol. It has a density of 1.2 g/mL at 25В°C and a boiling point greater than 100В°C. Hydrochloric acid
is corrosive, poisonous, and toxic. Sodium Sulfate
Sodium sulfate has a molar mass of 142.04 g/mol. It has a melting point of 884В°C and can be an irritant. Sucrose
Sucrose has a molar mass of 342.3 g/mol. It has a melting point range of 185–187В°C and can be an irritant.
Acetylsalicylic Acid
Acetylsalicylic acid has a molar mass of 180.16 g/mol. It has a melting point range of 134–136В°C. Acetylsalicylic acid is toxic and an irritant.
Acetanilide
Acetanilide has a molar mass of

Chemical Equilibrium Lab Report
Chemical Equilibrium
Ben Cooper
TA Kia Williams
CHM2046l.004
20 April 2015
Introduction
Chemical equilibrium is defined as "a state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction" [1]. Equilibrium constant,
defined as "a number that expresses the relationship between the amounts of products and reactants present at equilibrium in a reversible chemical
reaction at a given temperature" [2]. The equilibrium constant, Keq, was found by multiplying the products' concentrations, then dividing it by the
equilibrium concentrations product of the reactant. Small Keq values means that the reaction does not fully go to completion. When looking at a large
Keq value, the reaction entirely goes to completion therefore ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b is the cuvette's length also known as the pathlength and it is 1cm. E is also a constant which means there is a relationship between absorbance and
concentration. Moreover, Le Chatelier's principle needs to be brought up again in order to account for an off Keq value. This could be due to not
adding enough of the reactant ion which did not allow the reaction to be driven completely.

Synthesis of Adipic Acid Essay example
Experiment 8: Synthesis of Adipic Acid
Performed November 8th & 10th
By
Jennifer Seitz
Organic Chemistry 344
Section 803
Fall 2011
Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize adipic acid from cyclohexanol via an oxidation reaction that was catalyzed by sulfuric
acid. Purity of the product was assessed by measuring the melting point.
Physical Properties/Structures:
Name| Formula| Molecular Weight (g/mol)| Boiling Point (0C)| Melting Point(0C)| Density(g/mL)| Hazards| Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate| Na2Cr2O7
. 2H2O| 297.98| 400.0| 357.0| 2.35| –Eye/skin irritant–Affects Respiratory System| Water| H2O| 18.02| 100.0| 0.0| 1.00| N/A| Sulfuric Acid (98%)|
H2SO4| 98.08| 337.0| ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The oxidation reaction between cyclohexanol and sulfuric acid was successful in that it did in fact yield the adipic acid product but unsuccessful in
the amount that was yielded, with a percent yield of only 35.0%. This yield may have been low due to both experimental and technical errors. One of
the major causes of the low yield most likely had to do with the fact that the temperature went below 55.00C and above 65.00C during certain points
of the reaction. When the reaction temperature goes above 65.00C, it causes the yield of adipic acid to be lower due to further oxidation. When the
reaction temperature goes below 55.00C, it causes the yield of adipic acid to be lower due to the fact that the amount of energy is not high enough to
activate oxidation of the reaction. Some of the product also most likely was lost during both the crystallization and recrystallization process. Since
adipic acid is somewhat water soluble, some of the product most likely moved with the water that was used to rinse it through the filter out of the
Buchner funnel during vacuum filtration. This error could have been reduced had the

Toilet Seat Dermatitis Essay
A CASE REPORT OF TOILET SEAT DERMATITIS
ABSTRACT:
Toilet seat dermatitis is a contact dermatitis involving the posterior thighs and the gluteal region resulting from contact with toilet seats. It was
commonly seen with wooden toilet seats. It is more frequently seen on usage of public toilets where harsher cleansers are used. Here we describe a
case of pruritic symmentric erythematous eruption over the posterior thighs and the lower gluteal area in a 5 year old atopic boy.
Key words: Toilet seat dermatitis, contact dermatitis, irritant dermatitis.
INTRODUCTION:
Toilet seat dermatitis was first described in in 1927 by Mackee who stated that it was a form of contact dermatitis occurring on the gluteal area and
thighs coming in contact with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Detergents were used to clean the toilet seats regularly. No toilet seat cover was used.
On examination erythematous scaly excoriated papules were seen over the posterior thighs and the lower gluteal area. These are the areas which come
in contact with the toilet seat. No lesions were seen elsewhere. Systemic examination was normal.
A diagnosis of toilet seat dermatitis was made and the child was treated with topical corticosteroids, emollients and antihistamines. The mother was
advised to avoid harsh cleansers, to clean the toilet bowl and seat every day and to use toilet seat covers or newspapers to avoid direct contact of the
toilet seat with the skin. The lesions resolved completely in two weeks. Figure 1: Erythematous papules and plaques seen over the lower buttocks and
posterior thighs.
DISCUSSION:
Toilet seat dermatitis can be an allergic or irritant contact dermatitis. Previously when wooden toilet seats were used, allergic contact dermatitis was
seen to the varnishes, lacquers [2] or Sudan stain [5] present in the wooden toilet seats. Polyurethane toilet seats have also been reported to cause
allergic contact toilet seat dermatitis due to reaction of isocyanates

Tide Poad Kills
There Have Been 6 Reported Deaths & Thousands of Calls to Poison Control Centers Over Laundry Pod Consumption. In most cases, this will cause a
burning sensation almost immediately, with sensitivity on the insides of your cheeks and your tongue that can last for a few minutes or up to a few
days. It's like when you burn your mouth on hot soup, except it's a chemical burn, not a physical one. The worst is over once the irritant leaves your
mouth, but if you've bitten into a pod and spit it out, your lips could be particularly burned.
In response to the burning sensation, your immune system jumps into action, launching the body's natural defense – its inflammatory response – to
fight injury and infection. As a result, your lips, tongue, and insides of your cheeks may become swollen. The longer you're exposed to the irritant at its
full concentration, the more swelling you will experience. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Upon coming into contact with the substance, the back of your throat might begin to burn and swell for the reasons above, causing the
circumference of your windpipe to shrink in size. Because this is the only path for oxygen to travel from the mouth to the lungs, and the only route
for carbon dioxide to exit the body, the blockage can make you feel short of breath. In response, your impulse may be to inhale quickly or deeply.
Paired with a lack of oxygen, this effort will tire you out. After some time – it could be several minutes or more, depending on your exposure and the
severity of the blockage– you might begin to feel

Essay on The Indoor Air Quality of Natatoriums
The indoor air quality of natatoriums has become a significant health hazard, particularly regarding competitive swimmers. The lack of regulations and
legislature has made this situation worse. HVAC systems, Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, are designed to control the air temperature. They
have many different uses, for example, regulating the humidity and fresh air turnover rate. However, they do not "clean the air". As said in the USA
Swimming article The Air Quality Issue, "...air quality is directly affected by the water quality, i.e. bad water = bad air!" This "bad air" they speak of
stems from the chloramines within the water. Chloramines are chlorine compound that unlike the traditional chlorine, they cannot burn off in the ...
Some of the physical symptoms attributed to disinfection byproducts include coughing, eye and nose irritation, anemia, stomach discomfort, damaged
hair and skin. Severe symptoms include wheezing or aggravating asthma. It has also been found that the routine breathing of irritants may increased
sensitivity to other types of irritants such as fungi and bacteria. Improperly balanced chlorinated pools can actually cause severe asthma. These findings
may explain why swimmers are more prone to exercise induced asthma than athletes in other sports. "Results show that nitrogen trichloride or
trichloramine is a cause of occupational asthma in swimming pool workers like lifeguards and swim instructors," says Dr. K. Thickett of the
Occupational Lung Diseases Unit at the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital. In Dr. Thickett's study, his subjects either stopped taking inhaled
corticosteroids altogether, or their asthma symptoms decreased significantly once they were placed in an environment away from the swimming pools.
Dr. Thickett's study has been supported by research from other European and Australian sources. Outdoor aquatic facilities have plenty of fresh air and
UV light, which means they are not as susceptible to the chloramine problem. Chloramine formation can be accelerated by a wide variety of aquatic
activities.

Essay On Eczema
Eczema is a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed, with blisters that cause itching and bleeding, sometimes resulting
from a reaction to irritation but more typically having no obvious external cause.Atopic dermatitis (known as eczema) is an inherited, chronic
inflammatory skin condition that usually appears in early childhood. Patches of skin become red, scaly and itchy. The exact cause of eczema is
unknown, but it's thought to be linked to an overactive response by the body's immune system to an irritant. It is this response that causes the symptoms
of eczema. In addition, eczema is commonly found in families with a history of other allergies or asthma.It is also important to avoid skin irritants, such
as soap, hot water and synthetic fabrics.Everyday things in your environment cigarette smoke, pollen, and even your clothes can cause eczema to flare.
The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it's thought to be linked to an overactive response by the body's immune system to an irritant. It is this
response that causes the symptoms of eczema. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The end result is the same dry, itchy, red and cracked skin, which can sometimes ooze fluid and bleed. The areas most affected in babies are the
hands, face, neck, elbows and backs of the knee.The skin is almost always itchy and rough, too. Babies can get the condition just about anywhere on
their body. Most often, it affects their cheeks and the joints of their arms and legs. It's easy to confuse baby eczema (also called infant eczema or
atopic dermatitis) with cradle cap.
Erythroderma is a generalised redness of the skin. It is a very severe skin condition that can be fatal. It is caused by a number of conditions including
eczema, psoriasis, other inflammatory skin conditions, drugs and malignancies. Treatment of erythroderma is similar despite the many underlying

Suncrene Research Paper
The skin is the physique's first line of safety in opposition to all sorts of external invaders. It works to safeguard the more gentle techniques within
against irritants and toxins of all kinds. Coming in contact with environmental irritants can influence in itchy, spreading rashes, swelling or even
blisters and soreness. Sadly, no part of the physique is exempt from these issues, irrespective of how well blanketed up, and in the summer, when much
less of the physique is included up, even the penis can are available in contact with resources that may motive a penis rash, itching, swelling and
burning.
In many instances, the damage can be minimized by means of immediate and right therapy, and everyday awareness to penis care can help preserve ...
Sunscreen – protecting the body with sunscreen – yes, even the penis – is crucial, principally during the summer season, when the sun's rays are at their
strongest. However, now not all sunscreens are made alike, and a few may just contain chemical substances which can reason irritation. PABA, a
substance most commonly found in sunscreen, often explanations disorders in participants with touchy skin; men who come across problems can are
trying a PABA–free sunscreen as an alternative.
5. Heat – warmth rash usually happens throughout sizzling climate. When the pores of the dermis become blocked via dirt, dead epidermis cells and
different components, sweat are not able to exit the pores effectively, leading to a pink, swollen, itchy rash. Preserving the dermis clean and dry and
carrying breathable garb can help to reduce the occurrence of heat rash.
6. Hair removing – more and more men are turning to "manscaping" to keep their pelvic region neat, smooth and attractive. However, hair removal
methods comparable to shaving can leave their mark, more often than not within the form of razor burn. Ingrown hairs might also enhance, forming a
red, raised, uncomfortable rash. Shaving with a brand new, sharp razor or turning to reputable hair removing professionals can help to eliminate these
issues.
Easy methods to soothe an itchy penis rash and promote

Acid-Base Extraction Lab Report
Introduction Acid–base extraction is a very useful technique in organic chemistry. It is used to separate organic compounds from each other. The
idea is that most of organic compounds will be more soluble in organic solvents than they are in water (1). The extraction, in its most basic form, will
result in unequal distribution of solute between two immiscible (not forming one mixture when added together) solvents (2). Since both of the
solvents are immiscible, two separate layers will be formed inside of the separatory funnel (2). Once the two layers have been separated, it is easy to
draw off the bottom layer by opening the bottom of the separatory funnel and letting it drain out until the entire lower layer has left the funnel. Being
able to determine the identities of the layers is very important in ensuring the appropriate treatment to each liquid after being separated out. It's
important to know that the more dense liquid will be on the bottom of the separatory funnel (2). For this reason, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate are
usually used for extraction because both are less dense than the dilute solutions (3). The name acid–base extraction comes from the idea that organic
compounds are separate based on their acid–base properties (1). An example of an acid–base extraction based on acid–base properties would be a
separation of a mixture containing an organic acid, a base and a neutral compound (2). First, an organic acid will react with a base to

Essay about Eczema
Eczema
WHAT IS ECZEMA?
Eczema is a category of skin disease that is characterized by inflammation, itching, dry scaly skin, and in severe cases, small fluid filled blisters and
insomnia. It is the most common skin disease in children today.
Mild cases of Eczema are a little worse than a tendency toward dry, itching skin.
Severe cases can effect the whole body, can be intensely itchy, uncomfortable, and even have an effect on the person in a psychological manner due to
self– consciousness. Eczema sufferers have acute flare–ups or relapses of their chronic disease that can be annoying, itchy, and very uncomfortable.
HOW DO YOU GET ECZEMA?
Eczema is not a contagious skin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, with the wonderful discovery of one of the genes that may cause eczema, who knows what will happen. They are working on ways to
permanently rid people of eczema all the time, but knowing exactly where the "instructions" on how to create the disease are located make finding a
cure more likely.
WHAT CAUSES ECZEMA TO FLARE UP?
There are many things that can trigger or worsen cases of eczema. The number one cause of eczema flare–ups is emotional stress. Anger, frustration,
anxiety, family hostility, rejection, and guilt can complicate the problem of eczema. Irritants such as soaps, solvents, and laundry detergent can
provoke it also. The only way to keep irritants from triggering eczema is to avoid them by using substitutes like a non–soap cleaning agent. Allergens
in food and the air can also cause eczema to flare–up. Dietary management and air purifiers can help keep allergens under control. Infections of both a
viral and bacterial nature can cause eczema to relapse. When the immune system is weak from illness, eczema sufferers are more prone to break outs
of greater seriousness and discomfort. WHAT ARE SOME COMMON TYPES OF ECZEMA?
There are many forms of eczema. Some forms are not specific and cannot be clearly categorized although, most cases fit into one of the following

Porterfield V. Audubon Audem
Pollution exclusions are a frequently litigated topic, and "there exists not just a split of authority, but an absolute fragmentation of authority."
Porterfield v. Audubon Indem. Co., 856 So. 2d 789, 800 (Ala. 2000). Roughly speaking, most states fall "into one of two broad camps." Apana v.
TIG Ins. Co., 574 F.3d 679, 682 (9th Cir. 2009). The first camp consists of courts that "have concluded that the clause is intended to preclude
coverage for environmental pollution, not for 'all contact with substances that can be classified as pollutants.'" Keggi v. Northbrook Prop. & Cas. Co.,
199 Ariz. 43, 13 P.3d 785, 790 (Ariz. 2000) (quoting Stoney Run Co. v. Prudential
–LMI Comm. Ins. Co., 47 F.3d 34, 38 (2d Cir. 1995)). The second
camp consists of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 102 Md. App. 45, 57 (1994), the Maryland Court of Special Appeals held that carbon monoxide fumes emitted from the central
heating system constitute pollution, for which there was no coverage under a policy exclusion similar to the one in the instant matter. Id. at 57. In that
case, the insured argued that the pollution exclusion should be limited to instances that are more commonly associated with that word in common
parlance–such as industrial pollution. Id at 55. In rejecting the insured's argument, the court recognized that the "insurance industry has constructed an
'absolute' exclusion so broad in its application that it sweeps away coverage well beyond that which might be required to meet the industry's legitimate
aims." Id. at 57. Nevertheless, the court adhered to the text of the policy that the parties agreed to and held that carbon monoxide is a "gaseous"
"contaminant" that constitutes pollution under the policy.

Difference Between Chlorine And Irritants
"The terms 'irritant' and 'contaminant,' when viewed in isolation, are virtually boundless, for 'there is virtually no substance or chemical in existence
that would not irritate or damage some person or property.' Without some limiting principle, the pollution exclusion clause would extend far beyond
its intended scope, and lead to some absurd results. Take but two simple examples, reading the clause broadly would bar coverage for bodily injuries
suffered by one who slips and falls on the spilled contents of a bottle of Drano, and for bodily injury caused by an allergic reaction to chlorine in a
public pool. Although Drano and chlorine are both irritants and contaminants that cause, under certain conditions, bodily injury or property damage,...
449. That case presented the question of whether manganese welding fumes constitute pollution under an insured's commercial general liability policy.
In that case, the Court of Appeals reaffirmed the position articulated in Sullins, and held "that the policy exclusion does not apply beyond traditional
environmental pollution situations." Clendenin Bros., 390 Md. at 466; but see Chubb Custom Ins. Co. v. Std. Fusee Corp., 2 N.E.3d 752, 761 (Ind.
App. 2014) (criticizing the "environmental pollution" standard articulated in Clendenin Bros. and Sullins as "[w]e–know–it–when–we–see–it"
reasoning). Following the court's opinion in Clendenin Bros., it was apparent that the text of the then–existing pollution exclusion would be interpreted
in a manner that would limit it to "environment pollution." The question as to what constituted "environment pollution," however, had yet to be

Hydroboration: Atom and Hydrogen Peroxide Essay
Hydroboration–Oxidation
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to analyze the results of hydroboration oxidation on a terminal alkene.
Overall Reaction:
Compound| MW| Density| BP| MSDS| 1–octene| 112.24| .715| 121| Flammable, irritant| BH| 13.84| .898| 90| Irritant| Tetrahydrofuran| 72.1| .889| 66|
Irritant| Hydrogen Peroxide| 34.0| 1.135| 152| Corrosive, harmful| 1–octanol| 130.2| .824| 195| Irritant| 2–octanol| 130.2| .819| 160| Flammable|
Discussion:
Hydroboration–oxidation is a one step, conservative organic reaction that converts an alkene into a neutral alcohol by the addition of water across the
double bond. This reaction is anti–Markovnikov, which leads to the hydroxyl... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus one of the hydrogen atoms from BH now bears a partial negative charge, and hence becomes more nucleophilic. The breaking pi bond transfers
its free electrons to form a bond between the partial positively charged boron atom and negatively charged carbon while the electrons from the
boron–hydrogen bond help create the bond between the partially positive carbon and negatively charged hydrogen. This whole process occurs two
more times, resulting in a boron atom attached to three of the same alkyl groups along with its vacant 2p orbital. After hydroboration, treatment of
the alkylborane with hydrogen peroxide in a base leads to the replacement of the borane atom with a hydroxyl group. Note that the stereochemistry is
preserved. The first step is the deprotonation of hydrogen peroxide to give HOO because HOO is a better nucleophile and will speed up the rate of
reaction for the next step. The nucleophilic HOO will then attack the trialkylborane compound and cause an alkyl shift where one of the alkyl groups
bonds to the attacking oxygen. The hydroxyl group leaves at the same time this occurs, and this happens two more times. The end result is a
trialkoxyborane compound. The trialkoxyborane is then attacked by a nucleophilic hydroxide and induces a negative charge on boron.

Benzophenone Lab Report
Abstract
Bromobenzene was reacted with Magnesium and anhydrous ether to create a Grignard reagent. Benzophenone was added to the reagent in order to
produce triphenylmethanol. The final product's melting point was measured at 40.5–44В°C; too low to be triphenylmethanol. The final product was
determined to be benzophenone, indicating that no reaction occurred. Grignard reagents were likely deactivated by water, causing the reaction to not
occur.
Introduction1,2,3
This experiment was designed to work with the preparation and use of Grignard reagents1. Grignard reagents are used in reactions to create new
carbon–carbon bonds between structures2. For this experiment, the Grignard reagent used was magnesium bromide1. The magnesium bromide
substituent was added to bromobenzene to make it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Observations and Results
A heating mantle and variac were set up for a 50 ml round bottom flask. 1.5g of p–bromo–n,n–dimethylaniline was measured under the hood and
placed into the flask. 2.5ml of anhydrous ether was used to dissolve the bromobenzene, which was mixed with 0.27 g of magnesium. This solution was
mixed by using a magnetic stir rod until bromobenzene and magnesium were completely dissolved.
Separately, 20.0 mmol of benzophenone was combined with 10 ml of anhydrous ether. The mixture had a slightly layered appearance. Using a pipette
dropper, drops of the benzophenone ether solution were added to the original Grignard reagent solution. Drops were added slowly, contact caused a
slightly bubbling. This was heated using a reflux apparatus while the reaction took

Atopic Eczema Essay
Eczema is a term used to refer to diseases of the skin. Eczema causes itching of of the skin, formation of blisters on the skin, the skin turns red and
peels off. The parts of the body mostly affected are the inside part of the elbow and knees and also the face (Williams, 2005). There are various types of
eczema which includes; atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, hand eczema, dyshidrotic eczema, contact dermatitis among others (Williams, 2005). The
most severe type of eczema is atopic sdermatitis, which is a chronic skin disease. This essay will focus on atopic dermatitis by giving a critical
description of the condition, statistical findings of the people affected by atopic dermatitis, how the condition affects various body systems and the
appropriate medications that can be administered to people diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. This paper provides an overview of atopic dermatitis its
diagnosis treatment options and other statistics about the disease.
Description of the atopic dermatitis condition The specific cause of Atopic dermatitis is not known. However, the disease is said to be associated with
people from families with a history of allergies such a family with people suffering from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The function of the epidermis to prevent entry of pathogens is disturbed, which leads in dry skin. The dermatopathological signs associated with Atopic
dermatitis include spongiosis, hyperkeratosis, exocytosis, parakeratosis, eosinophilis and lymphocytic infiltrates (Williams, 2005). People with the
Atopic dermatitis condition produce immunoglobin E even with just trigger from low amounts of allergens. Rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma are some of
the symptoms associated with Atopic dermatitis. In infancy, an individual may develop a desquamation that is yellow in color on the scalp (Darsow et
al., 2010). The rashes spread to the face of the individual and later to the

Lung Cancer : The Most Common Types Of Cancer
Title Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, but more importantly, it has a very low survival rate. The sad truth is that nearly all
cases of lung cancer could have been prevented, simply by not smoking. Mr. Ward is a perfect example of this in the case study. Having smoked for
approximately 67 years, it was only a matter of time before he developed some type of cancer, in this case lung cancer. This paper will describe how
lung cancer, specifically squamous cell cancer of the right lung, affects Mr. Ward's body, beginning with the potential and actual risk factors for lung
cancer. Followed by changes that occur in the respiratory system as a result of lung cancer, and ending with the organs at risk as lung cancer spreads.
The Causes of Lung Cancer Obviously the biggest risk factor for lung cancer is smoking. The amount of smoking and the length of time as a
smoker, especially if beginning at an early age, help determine the risk of developing lung cancer. Thus, the more a person smokes and the longer
they smoke increases their risk for developing lung cancer. Along with smoking, come the risks associated with secondhand smoke. A person does not
have to be a smoker to develop lung cancer, simply being in the same environment and inhaling cigarette smoke is a risk factor for lung cancer. A third
risk factor involves environmental pollutants or irritants. Exposure to these irritants however, presents a much lower risk of developing lung cancer
compared

Why Do Dog Sneezing
Dog Sneezing
By Tim Delaney
Jan 4, 2013
Are you concerned about your dogs' constant sneezing? If your dog is sneezing, it's not always a reason for concern. Dog sneezing is often a natural
reaction to particles, pollen, or some other irritant in the dog's nasal membranes. Sneezing is not always due to allergies or sickness; however, if your
dog is suffering from an illness like kennel cough (Bordetella) or some other bronchial infection, then you should consider putting your pet on all natural
pet health supplements, which can help support healthy respiratory function in your dog. One product that has proven to be an excellent solution to
dog sneezing, is called Ox–E–Drops.
There are two types of dog sneezing activities. There is the normal involuntary reaction to foreign bodies in the dog's membrane that cause the
dog––just like humans––to sneeze as a natural reaction to remove the irritant; there is also a natural voluntary habit called "Reverse Sneezing." This
is a normal activity that dogs will use voluntarily to remove a discomfort from their nasal passage or throat. This is akin to the habit of gagging. Pet
owners often see their dog "gag" as if they are about to vomit––this is not always the case––gagging is a normal function (in most cases it's a voluntary
activity) to remove discomfort or irritants from the throat. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, "Reverse Sneezing" looks like a sucking in of the lips accompanied with a shaking of the head motion (these are not the only symptoms or
reverse sneezing––but the most common symptoms). If your dog's sneezing symptoms appear more serious, or, are accompanied by other symptoms or
signs of illness, owners should take their pets to the veterinarian for further

Informative Speech And Attention Getter For Sore Throats
Informative Speech Outline
Name: Katie Batts
Topic: Sore Throats
General Purpose: to inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my classmates on what to do if they get a sore throat during this fall or winter.
Thesis: With the cooler seasons approaching, I'm sure many of you will at least once this fall or winter, wake up in the morning with a sore throat.
I.Introduction
a.Attention Getter: If you've never had a sore throat before consider yourself lucky.
b.Reason to Listen: One of the most common reasons that a person will visit a doctor for is for a sore throat. (Ehrlich)
c.Thesis Statement: With the cooler seasons approaching, I'm sure many of you will at least once this fall or winter, wake up in the morning with a
sore throat.
d.Credibility Statement:
1.If you're like me you've already ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Main Point 2
Also I'm going to talk about how to tell if your sore throat is strep or is just because of the seasons changing. iii. Main Point 3
Next I'm going to address what you should do to treat your sore throat. iv. Main Point 4
Lastly I will talk about what to do to prevent your sore throat from coming back once it is cured.
II.Body
a.Main Point 1 There are different causes for sore throats.
i.Subpoint 1 The two I'm going to talk about are the bacterial infection known as strep and common irritants.
1.Sub–subpoint 1 Strep is a bacterial infection. It is caused by bacteria that grow in your throat that can cause pain and an infection.
2.Sub– subpoint 2 You can get the bacteria by breathing in the air contaminated by someone that already has strep or by coming into close contact with
them while they are still contagious. ii. Subpoint 2 A sore throat due to common irritants is caused by allergies.
1.Sub–subpoint 1 They can also be caused by breathing through only the mouth, nasal drainage, yelling, or smoking. (Sore Throat)
Transition: Now that you know a little bit about what causes sore throats I'm going to discuss how to tell if your sore throat is strep or

Flame Test Lab Report
Flame Test Lab
Questions:
1.What color of light is the lowest in energy?
According to our physics class last year, the color with the lowest energy is red because it has the lowest frequency and the longest wavelength out of
all colors.
We can conclude that calcium chloride has the lowest energy.
2.What color of light is the highest in energy?
Violet has the highest energy because it has the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency making it the one color with the highest energy.
We can conclude that potassium chloride has the highest energy
3.How are electrons "excited"?
Electrons can get excited by absorbing photons carrying energy. By absorbing a photon an electron's energy increases by exactly E=hf where h is
Planck's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth–to–mouth resuscitation. Seek immediate
medical attention.
Variables:
Independent Variable:
My independent variable is the metal ions I am testing
I will change the variables by switching the tested metal ions
Dependent Variable:

My dependent variable here is not a number, it is data recorded
I will measure the dependent variable by observing from my experiment
Controlled Variable:
My controlled Variables are the equipment provided to do this project
I am certain that this is controlled because it was provided same for everyone
Safety
1.Wear safety goggles at ALL times while in the classroom
2.Wear gloves when handling ALL chemicals
3.Tie back hair and loose clothing
4.Do not allow chemicals to touch bare skin, wash well with water immediately if you touch anything accidentally
5.Use caution with the matches. Fire is hot.
6.Do not stare into the flame for any length of time
7.Use caution with the glassware after creating the flame
8.Wash your hands with soap and water after handling the chemicals
Methods & Materials
Equipment & Reagents
"Nichrome wire loop(s)
"Bunsen burner
"cobalt glass squares
"Concentrated HCl 1M
"Wire

Essay On Emphysema
Emphysema
Around 2 million Americans suffer from emphysema. Emphysema is known as a disease of the lung that cause shortness of breath due to over
inflation of the alveoli or air sacs in the lungs. It is a progressive and irreversible condition in which the alveoli are damaged by inhaled irritants. In
this paper I will be discussing with you the causes, the process in which this disease develops, signs and symptoms, the diagnosis, and any treatment of
emphysema.
Causes
Emphysema is caused by a plethora of problems that I will soon discuss, but the number one cause of emphysema is due to smoking. It is known that
85% of patients who get emphysema smoke, but not all smokers will develop emphysema depending on their genetics. Smoking destroys the lung
tissue obstructing the airflow and can also cause inflammation and irritate the airways causing an obstruction. Smoke damages the cilia in the bronchial
tubes which are basically tiny hairs that usually pushes irritants and germs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some patients dealing with emphysema may not even know they have the disease. The common symptom of emphysema is shortness of breath. Its
noticed during the earlier stages of the disease when you're exercising or doing strenuous activities, also a chronic cough would be present. In the later
stages patients start to feel breathless while at rest, catching infections in the lungs often, wheezing, fatigue, cyanosis of the extremities and copious
mucus. The most noticeable sign of emphysema is when a patient has "pursed lipped" breathing. That's when the patient has a hard time exhaling
completely to empty the trapped air in their lungs, so when they purse their lips creating a small opening, it increases the pressure in the restricted
airways, allowing them to open to empty the trapped air. Patients tend to develop barrel chest as a result from air trapping due to obstructed

Bronchitis
Selma HasicMidtermDr.BanksBRONCHITIS Bronchitis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, the airways that carry airflow
from the trachea into the lungs. The thin mucus lining of these airways can become irritated and swollen; the cells that make up the lining may leak
fluids in response to the inflammation. Bronchitis most often occurs during the cold and flu season usually coupled with an upper respiratory infection.
Bronchitis can be divided into two categories: acute or chronic each of which has distinct etiologies, pathologies, and therapies. I chose this condition
because it seemed like an interesting topic to research on, and I am also interested in learning more... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bronchitis usually results from a viral infection, so antibiotics aren't effective but your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if he or she suspects that
you have a bacterial infection. If there is a chronic lung disorder involved or if you smoke, our doctor may also prescribe antibiotics to reduce your
risk of a serious secondary infection. Cough medic ine suppress a cough that brings up mucus because coughing helps remove irritants form your
lungs and air passages. Over the counter medicine may help if your cough keeps you from sleeping. If you have COPD, your doctor may recommend
an inhaler and other medications to reduce inflammation and open narrowed passages in your lungs. Some side affects of traditional treatment for
bronchitis are: shortness of breath, rash, hives, itching, swelling of lips, face, or tounge, and in more severe cases fainting. Although research on the
use of alternative medicine in bronchitis treatment is limited, there are some remedies which may be helpful in soothing symptoms: 1) Slippery
Elm–helps relieve sore throat and cough associated with bronchitis. The herb contains mucilage, a gel–like substance thought to calm irritated or
inflamed tissue. 2) Pelargronium Sidoides– extracts of the Pelargonium Sidoides plant have long been used in traditional South African medicine to
treat respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis.

Bronchitis And Its Effect On The Respiratory System

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