HNGU PATAN. m.sc sem 3 botany cbo - 502

1.  Important fire wood and timber
yielding plants:-
Acacia nilotica
and
Tectona grandis

2. Contents
 Wood or Timber
 Acacia nilotica as a fire wood
 Tectona grandis as a timber wood

3. Wood and Timber
The wood or timber , forest product , is in service
of mankind from the ancient time.
The wood is used as fuel , as a raw material for
paper and rayon industries.
The wood is of two types - (1) porous wood
(2)non- porous wood
The wood is used as fuel ,petroleum ,
constructional , railway carriages etc., packing ,
tea chests , furniture , ship - building , carts,
plywood industry ,Cork etc.

4. Acacia nilotica's classification
Kingdom :-Plantae
Division :-Magnolophyta
Class :- Magnoliopsida
Family :- Mimosaceae
Genus :- Acacia
Species :- nilotica

5. Scientific name :- Acacia nilotica
Local name :- baval, babul
Family:- Mimosaceae
Useful organ :- timber or Wood

6. Habitat
 It is found through out the Drier regions of India.
 Native from Egypt South to Mozambique and Natal ;
apparently introduced to Zanzibar , Pemba ,and India ;
Arabia .
 Considered a serious weed in South Africa.

7. Morphology
 A moderate sized tree upto 10 m in height with dark
brown or black longitudinally fissured rough bark and
reddish brown heart - wood , branchlets slender ,
pubescent when young leaves bipinnately compound ,
main rachis downy ,often with glands .
Stipular spines highly variable , often whitish ,straight
and sharp ,,pinnae 4 - 9 pairs ,leaflets subsessile , 10 - 25
pairs ,nearly glabrous .

8. Flowers golden yellow in globose heads , peduncles
axiliary in fascicles of 2 - 6 , fruits stalked , compressed ,
moniliform pods with constructions between the seeds ,
seeds 8 - 12 per pod .
The gum exudes from cuts in the bark in the fprm of
rounded or oviod ' tears ' each drop about 1.25 cm in size.
Its colour varies from pale yellow to black.

9. Cultivation
Trees propagated in forest by seeds .
Stored seed may require scarification .
Young seedlings are said to " require full sun and frequent
weeding " ( NAS,1980a).

10. Wood of Acacia Nilotica

11. Chemical composition
 Gum of the tree contains calcium , magnesium
and potassium ,malic acid , sugar, barks and pods
contain a large quantity of tannins.

12. Uses
It is popular for carts ( body work ,spokes ,naves , axles ,
felloes , yokes and shafts) , and for agricultural implements
such as ploughs , harrows and cold - crushers .
It is a useful tool handle wood but not for all types of
handle ,and it can be used for tent pegs.
It can be described as one of the best Indian utility woods
where hardness and toughness are required .
It is a good Turnery wood.

13. Classification of Tectona grandis
Kingdom :- Plantea
Division :- Magnliophyta
Class :- Magnoliopsida
Order :- Lamiales
Family :- Verbenaceae
Genus :- Tectona

14. Scientific name :-Tectona grandis
 Local name :- Teak ,Sag
Family :- Verbenaceae
Useful organ :- timber or Wood

15. Location
Teak is well grown in all the parts of India.
It is also found in the Gir National park , Satpura
National park ,Pench Tiger Reserve in India.

16. Morphology
Teak is tall evergreen tree.
It has yellowish blonde to reddish brown wood.
It attains the height of about 30 meter.
The fruit is a drupe.
It has bluish to white flowers.
It produce the large leaf similar to the tabacco
leaf.

17. The bark is whitish gray in colour .
 It is generally grown straight with the uneven
texture , medium lusture and the oily feel .
The upper surface of the tree is rough to touch
and the inner surface has hairs .
The fruit is enclosed by the bladder like calyx ,
which is light brown , ribbed and papery.

18. Cultivation
The new plants can also be propagated from cuttings.
It is usually planted when the four to six weeks old.
 Plough the land thoroughly and level it.
The best season to plant the teak is monsoon , most
probably after the first shower.

19. Carry out weeding operations regularly .
Teak requires loamy soil rich in humus and having the
right content of moisture with good drainage .
It grows well in hilly and dry areas .
It requires a dry tropical climate for its growth .
It flowers in February and March.

20.  Wood
Heart wood is
yellowish in colour.
It darkens as it
ages.
Sometimes there
are dark patches
on it.
There is a leather -
like scent in newly
cut wood.
Wood of Tectona Grandis

21. Sapwood is whitish to pale yellowish brown in colour.
It can easily separate from heart wood.
Wood texture is hard and ring porous.
Density is 720 kg/ m3.

22. Uses
Timber is famous , all over the world for house,
building and furniture.
Wood is very durable & resistant to fungi.
Wood waste in the form of wood - shavings &
sawdust is used for chip - boards , fire board &
plastic board.
Teak is used for sound boards of musical
instruments keys, etc. & for different grades of
plywood.

23. References
A text Book of Economic Botany by :- Verma V.
Economic Botany by :- B . P. Pandey
https://en.m.biology discussion