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- 1. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1
PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany
GO! All In One
Chapter 1
Computer History, Fundamentals, and Operating
Systems
- 2. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2
Objectives
• Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
• Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Recognize Operating Systems and Their
Functions
• Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
• Use System Utilities
- 3. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3
Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow
• Word processor: An application used to
create documents and automatically
check spelling and grammar in a
document
• Internet: A connected system of
computers used to search for
information
- 4. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4
Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow
• Online banking: An Internet application
provided by a bank to conduct banking
operations via the Internet
• Online classes: Instruction offered over
the Internet, using learning
management software
- 5. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5
• GPS systems: Computing devices that
provide driving directions from a current
location to a destination entered
• ATM: Automatic teller machine enabling
financial transactions in public places
• Mobile telephone: Telecommunication
device with features such as Internet
connectivity
Understand Computers:
Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow
- 6. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• A computer is a electronic device that
performs the four basic operations that
comprise the information processing
cycle (IPOS): Input, Processing, Output,
and Storage
- 7. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Input: The action of entering data
• Processing: The manipulation of the
input data
• Output: The display of the information
• Storage: The action of saving
information for later use
- 8. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Computer system: Collection of related
components (hardware and software)
that work together to accomplish a task
• Hardware: Physical components of the
computer and its related devices
• Software: Programs that enable the
computer’s hardware to run the
application software
- 9. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• System unit: The base unit of the computer
• Motherboard: A circuit board connecting the
central processing unit (CPU) with other
system components
• CPU: Acts as the brain of the computer
• Peripheral devices: Components outside
the system unit that are connected
physically or wirelessly to the system
(examples: keyboard, mice, monitors)
- 10. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Application software: Programs that
direct the computer to carry out a task
(examples: document processing or
playing a game)
• System software: Programs that enable
the computer’s hardware to work with
and run the application software
- 11. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Information: Data organized in a useful
manner
• Algorithm: Series of steps a computer
program uses to perform a task
• Memory: A device where information
can be stored and retrieved
- 12. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Memory chip: Integrated circuit devoted
to memory storage
• Random Access Memory (RAM):
Temporarily stores the programs and
data with which the CPU is interacting
• Storage device: Hardware that retains
data even when machine is turned off
– Secondary storage (Examples: Universal
Serial Bus [USB] flash drive or CD)
- 13. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13
Identify Computer
Fundamentals
• Communications: High-speed exchange
of information within and between
computers or other communications
devices
• Communications device: Connects
computer to a network, allowing
communication
– Examples:
• Modem
• Network interface card (NIC)
- 14. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Booting: The process of loading the
operating system into memory
– Cold boot: Starting a computer that has not
yet been turned on
– Warm boot: Restarting a computer that is
already on
- 15. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Restarting a computer
- 16. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Six steps to starting a computer:
- 17. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Kernel: The central part of the operating
system that manages memory, files,
and devices; launches applications; and
allocates system resources from hard
disk to RAM memory
– Memory resident and remains in RAM
• Nonresident: Less frequently used
portions of the operating system stored
on the hard disk
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Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Sleep state: Transfers the current state
of computer to RAM
• Hibernate state: Saves battery power
• Hybrid sleep state:
Combines sleep
and hibernate
- 19. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Activate BIOS and Setup Program
• BIOS: Basic input/output system
• POST: Power on self-test
- 20. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
- 21. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Account: User name, password, and
allotted storage space
• Multitasking operating systems: Permit
more than one application to run at the
same time and can manage multiple
applications running simultaneously
- 22. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
- 23. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23
• Access Windows Task Manager by
pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del, select the Start
Task Manager option, and then click the
Processes tab
• Paging: The process of transferring files
from the hard disk to RAM and back
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
- 24. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
- 25. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
- 26. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
- 27. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27
Recognize Operating
Systems and Their Functions
• Syntax: Set of rules for entering
commands
- 28. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
• Windows Operating Systems Timeline
- 29. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
• Microsoft Windows 7: Was released in
late 2009 and is available in six different
versions: Starter, Home Basic, Home
Premium, Professional, Enterprise, and
Ultimate
– Includes features to make your system and
its components simpler
- 30. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
• Windows 7 Features
- 31. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
- 32. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32
• MAC OS: Original Macintosh operating
system
• MAC OS X Snow Leopard: Released in
2009, occupies up to 50 percent less
RAM than the previous version
• Linux: Freeware operating system for
personal computers
Utilize Standalone Operating
Systems
- 33. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33
Use System Utilities
• System utilities: Programs that work in
tandem with the operating system and
perform services that keep the
computer system running smoothly
- 34. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34
Use System Utilities
• Antivirus software: Protects a computer
from computer viruses
• File manager: Helps organize and
manage the data stored on disk
• Disk scanning program: Detects and
resolves physical and logical problems
that can occur when your computer
stores files on a disk
- 35. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35
Use System Utilities
• Bad sector: Portion of the disk that is
unable to store data reliably
• Disk cleanup utility: Improves system
performance and increases storage by
removing files, but does not correct any
problems
- 36. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36
Use System Utilities
• Disk defragmentation program: Program
that reorganizes data on the disk so that
file pieces are reassembled as one chunk
of disk space, which decreases search
time
• File compression utility: Enables the
exchange of programs and data efficiently
by reducing the size of a file
- 37. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37
Use System Utilities
• Archive: Single file that contains two or
more files stored in a compressed
format along with additional information
• Windows Update: Keeps the operating
system up to date with fixes; also called
service packs
• Boot disk: A storage device
- 38. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38
Use System Utilities
• Safe mode: Operating mode in which
Windows loads a minimal set of drivers
known to function correctly
- 39. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39
Covered Objectives
• Understand Computers: Yesterday,
Today, and Tomorrow
• Identify Computer Fundamentals
• Recognize Operating Systems and Their
Functions
• Utilize Standalone Operating Systems
• Use System Utilities
- 40. All In One © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40
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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall