The document discusses various tenses in English grammar including the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. It explains how to form sentences using these tenses and provides examples. It also covers the present perfect, present perfect continuous, and compares the present perfect to the past simple tense. Key uses of each tense are outlined along with examples to illustrate their proper usage.

1. Grammar in UsePast simple , Past continuous , Past perfect and Past perfect continuous

2. Past simple ( I did )The past of the verb be (am ,is ,are) is was/were: I/he/she/it wasWe/you/they wereI was cooked the dinner We were played tennis yesterday. I was angry because Tom and Ann were lateIn past simple questions and negatives we use did/didn’t + the infinitive: It rained Did it rain? It didn’t rainDid you go out last night ? Yes, I went to the cinema. But I didn’t enjoy the film

3. Past continuous (I was doing)This is the continuous tense:I/he/she was + verb + ing + … + time.We/they/you were I was cooking the dinner What were we doing at 10 o’clock yesterday? We were playing tennis at 10 o’clock yesterday.Tom was cooking the dinner. (Past continuous) Tom was cooked the dinner. (Past simple)

4. Present perfect ( I have done)This is the present perfect (simple) tense : I/we/they/you have(=I’ve etc.) + verb(pp)He/she has (=he’s etc)I’ve lost my key. He has gone to Canada.Have you travelled a lot ?Yes, I’ve been 37 different countries.

5. Present perfect continuous (I have been doing)This is the present continuous tense:I/we/they/you have(=I’ve etc.)+ been verb + ingHe/she has (=he’s etc)What have you been doing ? I’ve been talking. How long have you been learning English? I have been learning englishfor 5 years . I have been learning englishsince 2004.

6. Present perfect continuouspresent perfect simplePRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:She has been painting the ceiling.I have been writing letters all day.How long have you been reading that book?Jim has been playing tennis since 2 o’clock.PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE:She has painted the ceilingI have written ten letters today.How many pages of that book have you read?Jim has played tennis three times this week.

7. Present perfect or past simplePresent perfectI’ve smoked 20 cigarettes today.Have you seen Ann recently?John has lived in London for six years. I have never played golf in my life.Past simpleI smoked 20 cigarettes yesterday.Did you see Ann last week?John lived in Scotland for ten years .I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday Last summer.