2. EARLY DAYS
During the early period , man did not have much
needs. He lived in forests or in caves. His only concern
was food and shelter. He did not even care about his
clothing. He remained naked and collected his food
from forest and wild animals and roamed freely.
3. As he progressed his needs and wants
increased, technologies came into being . He
began discovering new things , this led to his
economic development.
4. DEVELOPMENT FROM EARLY LIFE STYLE
These days he has been using numerous
resources rapidly and rapid uses of these
resources has led to their depletion . In the
beginning he did not know the use of iron and
coal ore. Nowadays he has been using all kinds
of conventional and non-conventional source
of energy.
5. ENERGY
Energy is "the ability to do work".
Machines, humans, and other living beings,
need energy to move, or to get things done .
Energy exists in many different forms
(heat, movement, sound, light, chemical
energy, and others), and that it can be
converted from one form to another.
6. RESOURCE
Resources are everything available in the
environment such as mineral, labour,
livestock etc., A resource is a source or
supply from which benefit is produced.
From a human perspective a natural
resource is anything obtained from
the environment to satisfy human needs and
wants.
7. CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES
The earth has plenty of resources that
people can use to meet their needs. The
earth is a great place where both living
and non living things can be found. Plants
and animals are living things. Land,
water and air are non living things.
People use both living and non living
things on Earth to satisfy their needs.
The materials on earth that people use
are called natural resources.
8. *How human destroy our Natural
resources?*
Some people activities are harmful to
both our renewable and nonrenewable
resources. To build new roads, people
blast off mountains killing both plants
and animals. It also creates destruction
to their natural habitat. Rice fields are
turned into residential or commercial
centers. People cut too many trees for
lumber. When all the trees are gone,
rains wash away the soil.
9. Industrialization brings people to build
many factories. If not properly planned and maintain,
this factories emits harmful waste materials that
pollutes the soil, air and water. Too much mining and
quarrying for the purpose of getting those precious
metals and stones eventually erodes the soil. In
farming, some farmers use too much chemical
fertilizers. Too much fertilizer destroys the quality of
the soil and is harmful to both human and animals.
Burning plastics and garbage, and smoke belching cars
also pollutes the air and contributes to global
warming.
10. CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
The conventional sources of energy are generally
non-renewable sources of energy, which are being
used since a long time. These sources of energy
are being used extensively in such a way that
their known reserves have been depleted to a
great extent.
At the same time it is becoming increasingly
difficult to discover and exploit their new
deposits. It is envisaged at known deposits of
petroleum in our country will get exhausted by
the few decades and coal reserves are expected
to last for another hundred years. The coal,
petroleum and natural gas are conventional
sources of energy.
11. FOSSIL FUELS
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by
natural processes such as anaerobic
decomposition of buried dead organisms.
The age of the organisms and their
resulting fossil fuels is typically
millions of years, and sometimes
exceeds 650 million years. Fossil fuels
contain high percentages of carbon and
include coal, petroleum, and natural
gas.
12. THERMAL POWER PLANT
A thermal power station is a power
plant in which the prime
mover is steam driven. Water is heated,
turns into steam and spins a steam
turbine which drives an electrical
generator. After it passes through the
turbine, the steam is condensed in
a condenser and recycled to where it was
heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle.
The greatest variation in the design of
thermal power stations is due to the
different fuel sources.
13. HYDRO POWER PLANTS
Hydroelectricity is the term referring
to electricity generated by hydropower; the production
of electrical power through the use of the gravitational
force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely
used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16
percent of global electricity consumption, and 3,427
terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, which
continues the rapid rate of increase experienced
between 2003 and 2009.
14. NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar,
geothermal heat, and biomass including farm
and animal waste as well as human excreta is
known as non-conventional energy. All these
sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do
not cause environmental pollution. More over
they do not require heavy expenditure.
15. 1. Wind Energy:
Wind power is harnessed by setting up a windmill
which is used for pumping water, grinding grain
and generating electricity. The gross wind power
potential of India is estimated to be about 20,000
MW, wind power projects of 970 MW capacities
were installed till March. 1998. Areas with
constantly high speed preferably above 20 km per
hour are well-suited for harnessing wind energy.
16. WIND ENERGY
Country that uses the most wind power is
Germany, then areas of Denmark also use a
lot of wind power. Next would be the U.S.,
and Spain follows right behind them. Other
users include: Australia, Brazil, Canada,
China, Wales, Republic of Ireland,
Scotland, England, India, Japan, New
Zealand & South Africa
17. 3. Solar Energy:
Sun is the source of all energy on the
earth. It is most abundant, inexhaustible
and universal source of energy. AH other
sources of energy draw their strength from
the sun. India is blessed with plenty of
solar energy because most parts of the
country receive bright sunshine throughout
the year except a brief monsoon period.
India has developed technology to use solar
energy for cooking, water heating, water
dissimilation, space heating, crop drying
etc.
18. 5. Energy from Biomass:
Biomass refers to all plant material and animal
excreta when considered as an energy source.
Some important kinds of biomass are inferior
wood, urban waste, biogases, farm animal and
human waste.
20. 2. Tidal Energy:
Sea water keeps on rising and falling
alternatively twice a day under the influence
of gravitational pull of moon and sun. This
phenomenon is known as tides. It is
estimated that India possesses 8000-9000 MW
of tidal energy potential. The Gulf of Kutch
is best suited for tidal energy.
22. WAVE ENERGY
Waves are caused by the wind blowing
over the surface of the ocean. In many
areas of the world, the wind blows with
enough consistency and force to provide
continuous waves. There is tremendous
energy in the ocean waves. Wave power
devices extract energy directly from
the surface motion of ocean waves or
from pressure fluctuations below the
surface. Next slide we will see how it
works in a video.
23.
24. 4. Geo-Thermal Energy:
Geo-thermal energy is the heat of the earth's
interior. This energy is manifested in the hot
springs. India is not very rich in this source.
25.
26. OCEANIC THERMAL ENERGY
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
uses the temperature difference between
cooler deep and warmer shallow or
surface ocean waters to run a heat
engine and produce useful work, usually
in the form of electricity. However, the
temperature differential is small and
this impacts the economic feasibility of
ocean thermal energy for electricity
generation.
28. Importance of non-conventional
sources of energy:
1. The non-conventional sources of
energy are abundant in nature.
According to energy experts the
non-conventional energy potential
of India is estimated at about
95,000 MW.
2. These are renewable resources.
The non-conventional sources of
energy can be renewed with minimum
effort and money.
3. Non-conventional sources of
energy are pollution-free and eco-
friendly
