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1. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION
OF SCOLIOSIS
•Definition by Scoliosis Research Society:
lateral curvature of the spine
•Type:
• Postural: reversible
• Structural: irreversible
•Etiopathogenesis:
• Congenital
• Neuromuscular
• Idiopathic  most often
• Other
Blom, A. W., Warwick, D., & Whitehouse, M. R. (2018). Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma Tenth Edition. In CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group

2. CLASSIFICATION
1. King and Moe
Type 1: "S" shape. The lumbar (waist, lower) curvature > thoracic (chest, upper) curvature
Type 2: "S" shape. Thoracic curvature ≥ lumbar curvature.
Type 3: Single major thoracic curvature.
Type 4: Single major long thoracic curvature.
Type 5: Dual structural curvature in the thoracic region
Blom, A. W., Warwick, D., & Whitehouse, M. R. (2018). Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma Tenth Edition. In CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group

3. CLASSIFICATION
2. Lenke Classification
Based on:
•Curve type
•Lumbar spine modifier
•Sagittal thoracic modifier
Slattery, C., & Verma, K. (2018). Classifications in brief: The lenke classification for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 476(11), 2271–2276. https://doi.org/10.1097/CORR.0000000000000405

4. DIAGNOSTIC
•Anamnesis: asymmetry in spine, backpain
•Physical examination:
•Inspection: gait, skin (‘cafe-au-lait’ spot in
neurofibromatosis), asymmetry
•Special test: Adam’s forward bending test, forward
bending sitting test
•Imaging:
• RadiographyAP, lateral, side bending, cobb’s angle
• MRI  to to rule out intraspinal anomalies
Foto side bending dari penderita
AIS
Blom, A. W., Warwick, D., & Whitehouse, M. R. (2018). Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma Tenth Edition. In CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group

5. MANAGEMENT
1. Observation: cobb angle <25°
2. Orthotic/Bracing: cobb angle from 25° to
45°, only effective for flexible deformity in
skeletally immature patient (Risser 0, 1, 2)
3. Surgery: cobb angle > 45°
•Posterior fusion
•Anterior fusion
•Selective
•Instrumentation
Blom, A. W., Warwick, D., & Whitehouse, M. R. (2018). Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma Tenth Edition. In CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group