2. In the very youngā¦
ā¢ The skeleton is
composed of mostly
cartilage and is
therefore, pliable with
a decreased
incidence of bone
fractures and
breakage in childhood
3. Mature Bone
ā¢ Rigid connective
tissue consisting of
cells;
ā Collagen
ā Calcium
ā Phosphate
4. SKELETON
From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
W.B. Saunders.
8. Bone Formation & Maintenance
ā¢ Ossification
ā¢ Resorption &
Formation
ā Local stress
ā Vit. D
ā Parathyroid hormone
ā Calcitonin
ā Blood supply
9. TYPES OF BONES
From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
W.B. Saunders.
10. SPONGY BONE
ā¢ Located in the ends of long bones and the
center of flat and irregular bones
ā¢ Can withstand forces applied in many
directions
11. DENSE (COMPACT) BONE
ā¢ Covers spongy bone
ā¢ Cylinder around a central marrow cavity
ā¢ Can withstand force predominantly in one
direction
12. SPONGY BONE AND COMPACT
BONE
From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia:
W.B. Saunders.
13. FUNCTIONS OF BONE
ā¢ Framework
ā¢ Support
ā¢ Movement
ā¢ Shape
ā¢ Maintain Position
ā¢ Attachment of
Muscles
ā¢ Protects Organs
ā¢ Storage
ā¢ Hematopoiesis
ā¢ Remodeling
ā¢ Reformation
ā¢ Movable Joints
14. CHARACTERISTICS OF
JOINTS
ā¢ Allow the movement
between bones
ā¢ Formed where two
bones join
ā¢ Surfaces are covered
with cartilage
ā¢ Enclosed in a capsule
23. CHARACTERISTICS OF
MUSCLES
ā¢ Made up of bundles of muscle fibers
ā¢ Provide the force to move bones
ā¢ Assist in maintaining posture
ā¢ Assist with heat production
52. Speed of Healing
ā¢ Hematoma formation ā within hours
ā¢ Procallus ā within days
ā¢ Callus formation ā within weeks
ā¢ Replacement and remodeling ā up
to 4 years
56. Fractures - Treatment
ā¢ Reduction
ā Closed manipulation
ā Traction (skin or skeletal)
ā Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF),
(insertion of prosthesis, screw, plate, nail or
wire).
57. CLOSED REDUCTION
From Black, J., Hawks, J., and Keene, A. (2001). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 6, Philadelphia:
W.B. Saunders.
60. EXTERNAL FIXATION
From Ignatavicius, D., Workman, M. (2002). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 3, Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders. Courtesy of Smith and Nephew, Inc., Orthopedics Division, Memphis, TN.
61. TYPES OF HIP FRACTURES
ā¢ Intracapsular
ā¢ Extracapsular
62. HIP REPLACEMENTS
From Mosbyās Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, ed 6, (2002). St.
Louis: Mosby. Courtesy of Zimmer, Inc., Warsaw, IN.
73. CERVICAL SKIN TRACTION
From James, S. Ashwill, R., & Droske, S. (2002). Nursing care of children, ed 2,
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
74. HEAD HALTER TRACTION
From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensenās medical-surgical
nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
75. BUCKāS SKIN TRACTION
From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensenās medical-surgical
nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
76. PELVIC SKIN TRACTION
From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensenās medical-surgical
nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
77. BALANCED SUSPENSION
From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensenās medical-surgical
nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
78. DUNLOPāS SKIN TRACTION
From Mosbyās Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, ed 6, (2002). St. Louis: Mosby.
79. COMPLICATIONS OF
FRACTURES
ā¢ Fat embolism
ā¢ Compartment syndrome
ā¢ Infection and osteomyelitis
ā¢ Avascular necrosis
ā¢ Pulmonary emboli
ā¢ Venous thrombosis
ā¢ Delayed union & nonunion
103. AMPUTATION OF A LOWER
EXTREMITY
ā¢ POSTOPERATIVE
ā Monitor vital signs
ā Monitor for infection and hemorrhage
ā Mark bleeding and drainage on the dressing if
it occurs
ā Keep a tourniquet at the bedside
ā Monitor for pulmonary emboli
104. STUMP WRAPPING
From Black, J., Hawks, J., and Keene, A. (2001). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 6,
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
105. BELOW-THE-KNEE AMPUTATION
ā¢ POSTOPERATIVE
ā Prevent edema
ā Do not allow the stump to hang over the edge
of the bed
ā Do not allow the client to sit for long periods of
time to prevent contractures
125. OSTEOARTHRITIS
From Kamal A, Brockelhurst J: Color atlas of geriatric medicine, ed. 2, St. Louis, 1991, Mosby.
SEVERE OSTEOARTHRITIS
HEBERDENāS NODES
BOUCHARDāS NODES