This is an exceptional textbook on embryology with 3-dimension illustrations drawn to create a life-like effect in understanding the intricacies of developing human structure. This text focuses on clinical cases with clinical facts. With concise text, the highlights of the book include flowcharts, tables, summary (examination guide), boxes, interesting facts, electron micrographs, clinical cases, special topics, MCQs and viva-voce questions. Buy Now:-https://goo.gl/PF3jts

1. Textbook of
Human
Embryology
with Clinical Cases and 3D Illustrations
Dr Yogesh Sontakke
Associate Professor,
Department of Anatomy,
JIPMER, Pondicherry 605006

2. Features of the book
 Concise text is given in easy language for quick recapitulation during examination.
 3D illustrations to provide easy imagining of embryological changes.
 Flowchart to revise and memorise the developmental sequence.
 Tables to summarise that essential facts.
 Summary (examination guide): To overcome the difficulty of summarising the facts in theory examinations.
 Neet, MCQ, Viva and Clinical facts markings: For preparation of various upcoming academic entrance examinations.
 Boxes: To focus on important topics.
 Interesting facts: To isolate them from main text, so that these facts should not be missed.
 40 Scanning electron micrographs: to give real insight in developing structures.
 70 Clinical cases: For early clinical exposure of various clinical anomalies encountered by eminent clinicians.
 Practice figures: Easy to draw figures in theory examination.

3. 3D illustrations to provide
easy imagining of
embryological changes.
• Most of the figures are 3D
illustrations that resembles
original human organs and
hence give idea about original
human structures

5. Flowchart to revise and memorise the
developmental sequence.
• More than 50 flowcharts are given
• Flowchart uses:
• Easy to remember
• Easy to revise: decreases the revision time drastically
• Helpful in theory examinations
• Gives idea of sequential development in embryology

6. Flowchart 4.2: Formation of blastocyst. Flowchart 11.3: Development of the palatine tonsil

7. Flowchart 20.2: Development of kidney. Figure 21.1: Sex differentiation in male.

8. Tables to summarise that essential facts.
• In each chapter, small tables are included to summarise the facts
• Uses of these tables:
• To summarise the facts
• Decreases the revision time drastically
• Helpful in theory examinations: if student write only the tabulated facts,
rather than lengthy writeups

9. Part of liver Embryonic source
Lobes of liver
- Liver parenchyma
- Bile canaliculi
- Bile ductules
Endoderm: hepatic bud
arising from the second
part of the duodenum
(that develops from
foregut)
Connective tissue
- Glisson’s capsule
- Connective tissue stroma
- Kupffer’s cells
- Blood vessels
Mesoderm: septum
transversum
Liver sinusoids Vitelline and umbilical
veins
Ligaments of liver
- Falciform ligament
- Lesser omentum
- Coronary ligaments
- Triangular ligaments
Ventral mesogastrium
Ligamentum teres hepatis Left umbilical vein
Ligamentum venosum Ductus venosus
Table 15.1: Development of liver.
Part of diaphragm Embryonic source
Central tendon Septum transversum
Small peripheral part Pleuro-peritoneal membranes
Large peripheral part
(posterolateral)
Mesoderm of lateral body wall
Right and left crus Dorsal mesentery of
oesophagus
Table 17.1: Development of diaphragm

10. Summary (examination guide): To overcome the
difficulty of summarising the facts in theory examinations.
• Uses of Summary (examination guide):
• Given in many places to summarise the lengthy descriptions
• To avoid the confusion of student about ‘What to write in the
examination’
• Decreases the revision time drastically

11. Example from Chapter 18:
Formation of Interventricular Septum
Q. Write short note on development of interventricular septum.
Summary (examination guide)
 Interventricular part consists of three parts:
- Muscular part: develops from muscular ridge arising on the floor of primitive
ventricle.
- Bulbar part: develops from right and left bulbar ridges arising from conus cordis.
- Membranous part: develops from proliferation of AV cushion that fills the gap
between muscular and bulbar parts.

12. Neet, MCQ, Viva and Clinical facts markings: For preparation of
various upcoming academic entrance examinations.
• The markings on important lines are given that may
be useful for
• Neet: National Eligibility cum Entrance Test
• MCQ: multiple choice questions
• Viva: for oral examination
• Clinical facts: For indicating the points that will have
clinical applications

13. Box 2.1:Teratoma
Teratoma
 Teratoma is a tumour that consists of
tissues derived from all germ layers
 Sacrococcygeal teratoma is the most
common tumour in newborns (1 in
20,000–70, 000 births). It arises from
primordial germ cells.Neet
 It occurs more frequently in females than
in males.
 It constitutes 3% of childhood
malignancies.
 ……… Continued…
Box 16.1:Tracheoesophageal fistula
Q: Write short note on
tracheoesophageal fistula
 Definition: Tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal
congenital communication between the trachea and
oesophagus.
 Incidence: 1:3000-4500 births.
 Causes
Right and left tracheoesophageal folds on fusion forms
tracheoesophageal septum that separates the trachea
from the oesophagus. Failure of fusion of
tracheoesophageal septum results in TEF.
 Types (Figure 16.4)
……….Continued…
Boxes: To focus on important topics.
• Separate boxes are given to cover important topics, clinical conditions and so
on

14. Interesting facts: To isolate them from main
text, so that these facts should not be missed.
• These important and interesting points are isolated from main text to
attract attention of the reader

15. Some interesting facts
 Spermatozoa are artificially capacitated and
used for in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
 In assisted reproduction technology (ART) for
a patient with defective acrosome, sperm is
injected directly into oocyte.
 Sperm with Y chromosome swims faster dur
to smaller size of Y chromosome.Neet
 Sperms are stored in seminiferous tubules
after formation.Neet
Chapter 2
Some interesting facts
Nitabuch’s membrane
 Nitabuch’s membrane is the fibrinoid deposition over
the outer cytotrophoblast shell. It makes a demarcation
between maternal and foetal tissue.
Rohr’s Fibrinoid stria
 Rohr’s fibrinoid stria is the fibrinoid deposition on the
intervillous surface of the syncytiotrophoblast. It was
first described by Wolska (1888).
 These membranes play a major role is an
immunological separation of foetal tissue from
maternal tissue.
Foetal cotyledons
 Chorionic plate shows 40–60 extensions that extend
towards decidua basalis. ………
Langhans layer
 Cytotrophoblast layer is also called Langhans layer.
…….
Chapter 9

16. 40 Scanning electron micrographs: to
give real insight in developing structures.
Scanning electron micrograph 8.1:
SEM showing embryo at 25th days with
closing anterior neuropore. [Species:
mouse, approximate human age: 25
days, frontolateral view].
Scanning electron micrograph 11.1: SEM showing
pharyngeal arches. On twenty seventh day (by the time
that anterior neuropore closes), the first and second
pharyngeal arches are evident. [Species: mouse,
approximate human age: 27 days, lateral view].

17. 70 Clinical cases: For early clinical exposure
of various clinical anomalies encountered by
eminent clinicians.
• 70 clinical cases are described with proper explanations, labelling,
and belong to Indian population
• It will stimulate the insight of the student to see these cases in the
classes of Early Clinical exposures

18. Clinical image 30.2: Conjoined twins: Thoracopagus
Clinical image 21.4: Perineal Hypospadias

19. Clinical image 10.3: Harlequin ichthyosis. Clinical Image 11.1. A. Unilateral branchial
cleft cyst (right). B. Excised branchial cyst
from the same case.

20. Practice figures: Easy to draw figures in
theory examination.
• Specially given to help the student for theory exam preparation
• After understanding 3D images, few important line diagrams are given
for the student to replicate the in the theory examination

21. Figure 2.9: Ovum
Practice figure 2.3: Structure of ovum.
Difficult to draw
Easy to draw

22. Practice figure 8.1: Head
and tail folds of embryo
Figure 8.7: Formation of craniocaudal
(head and tail) foldings of the embryo.
Difficult to draw
Easy to draw

23. Figure 11.9: Derivatives of the pharyngeal pouches.
Practice figure 11.2: Derivatives
of the pharyngeal pouches
Difficult to draw
Give more idea about reality
Easy to draw
Do not give idea about reality

24. Additional topics/chapters
• Special chapters on:
• Chapter 3: Menstrual cycle
• Chapter 5: Assisted reproductive techniques (includes IVF)
• Chapter 10 : Integumentary system: Skin and its appendages
• Chapter 11: pharyngeal apparatus
• Chapter 26: Skeletal system
• Chapter 27: Muscular system
• Chapter 29: Clinical applications and ultrasonography in embryology
• Chapter 30: Twins

25. Some Images from book
Figure 2.2: Process of
spermatogenesis.
Figure 2.4: Structure of sperm.

26. Some Images from Yogesh’s Embryology
Figure 3.2: Layers of uterine endometrium
during proliferative phase of the menstrual
cycle, and blood supply of endometrium
Figure 4.3: Fertilisation. Phase of sperm penetration through
coverings of the ovum

27. Some Images from Yogesh’s Embryology
Figure 4.7: Blastocyst. Differentiation
of inner cell mass into epiblast and
hypoblast. Figure 6.2: Day 9 embryo. Formation of trophoblastic lacunae.

28. Some Images from Yogesh’s Embryology
Figure 6.6: Day 13: Development of extraembryonic coelom and
formation of secondary yolk sac.
Figure 8.2: Embryo by day 24: side view

29. Some Images from Yogesh’s Embryology
Figure 8.11: Sagittal section of the embryo
showing the derivatives of the endoderm.
Figure 10.2: Development of hair. Shaft of hair follicle
develops form surface ectoderm

30. Some Images from Yogesh’s Embryology
Figure 11.11: Anomalies of the position of the
thyroid gland and locations of the thyroglossal cyst
Figure 12.4:
Development of
the palate

31. Figure 14.4: Transverse
section through the region
of the stomach showing the
changes in the position of
stomach, liver and spleen.
Figure 14.12:
Development of
the anal canal.

32. Figure 17.3: Separations of the pericardial, pleural and
peritoneal cavities from each other.

33. Scanning electron micrograph 18.3: Heart chambers
and outflow tract.
Figure 18.15: Tetralogy of Fallot.

34. Figure 18.8: Development of interatrial septum.

35. Figure 19.3: Relation of the pharyngeal arch arteries with
foregut
Figure 19.11: Cross section of the embryo showing major
embryonic veins.

36. Figure 20.3: A 28 days foetus showing pronephros,
mesonephros and metaneprhos.

37. Figure 21.6:
Anomalies of
processus vaginalis. A.
Hydrocoele. B.
Encysted hydrocoele.
C. Hydrocoele with
congenital inguinal
hernia.
Figure 22.4: Development of
spinal cord.

38. Figure 22.7: Developing spinal cord – positional changes

39. Figure 22.16: A: In 8-week
embryo, section showing
medial surface of the right
half of the telencephalon
and diencephalon (red
broken line indicates the
plane of the section for B,
C and D).

40. Figure 22.18: Formation of commissures of telencephalon at 10 weeks (A) and 16 weeks (B). For integration of the activity of
right and left cerebral hemispheres, commissures play a key role.

41. Figure 22.1: Fully developed eyeball. Figure 23.3: Further development of eyeball (Day 29 and 33).

42. Figure 24.3: Development
of membranous labyrinth.

43. Figure 25.3: Cross section of embryo showing developing
adrenal gland Figure 27.3: Myotomes

44. Figure 26.3: Endochondral ossification (development of long bone)

45. About author: Dr Yogesh Sontakke
MBBS, MD (Anatomy)
• Currently working as Associate professor (Anatomy) at Jawaharlal
Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER)
(An Institution of National Importance under the Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare, Government of India), Pondicherry.
• He also author other books:
1. Principles of Histological Techniques, Immunohistochemistry and
Microscopy
2. Principles of Clinical Genetics
3. Principles of Scientific writing