The Economic And Social Drives Of The Wedding Industry

The Economic and Social Drives of the Wedding Industry
3.1 Choice Of Researched Design
The aim of this research project is to look into the economic and social drives of society and
exploring why consumers make the choices they do because of these influences. It will also look
into depth the different aspects of economic and social consumer theories, looking into how they
affect the wedding industry.
The economical drive theories this research project will investigate are that of Kotler, Bowen and
Makens (2006) and the consumer decision process. Looking in detail the 5 different steps required
in order to analyse a consumers spending behaviour and what influences them. The other part of this
project is to look into the social influences and the theory provided by Schiffman and Kanuk (2007),
which investigates different factors which influence a variety of decision processes.
Using weddings as the main case study for this project, it allows deep investigation into a topic
which isn't normally used for academic research. Weddings aren't normally the subject of academic
works, this provides difficulty for this project, however it also leaves room to explore areas of the
events industry and combining them with consumer behaviours. Using weddings as the case study
creates a new investigation into social and economic factors which influence consumers. With
weddings have specific traditions and themes the audience can determine what factors influence
decisions.
3.2 Construction Of Theoretical Framework
The academic literature used
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Compare and Contrast Minority and Majority Influence
As social beings, with each one of us connected to a whole network of other humans and their
associated beliefs, opinions and traits practically every conscious second of the day, it is inevitable
that we will be subject to external influences. These influences come in all shapes and forms from a
whole multitude of sources, occurring both consciously and unconsciously, instantaneously or over
a prolonged period of time, with the potential effect of these influences ranging from the immaterial
to the life–changing. While our susceptibility to influence from the connected world around us can
be hard to measure given our constant exposure to several different influences, social psychologists
have been able to study the world of influence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One may find this interesting as it demonstrates the unconscious influence we are all subject to
throughout life by the other members of our cultural group. Another factor that would make people
more susceptible to group influence is the size of the group. While one may naturally think this
seems obvious, with the more members in a group the more likely one is to be influenced,
investigations have identified that a group of 3–5 is the ideal number for influence to occur. A group
size of less than 3 people sees conformity significantly reduced (Bond, 2005), while there appears to
be little difference in the effect of the size of the group once the group has reached a size of 5. One
may challenge this, as it would seem to contradict slightly the phenomenon of de–individualisation
which can see individuals doing things they would never dream of doing if acting independently,
though as a result of the big group setting in which the individual finds themself, they lose their
sense of individual identity and act in line with the crowd. One would expect this to occur much
more readily when in a crowd of 20,000, as opposed to a group of 5. Above and beyond one's
cultural tendencies and the size of the group, there are

Normative Social Influence In Twelve Angry Men
In today era, we can be related to many approach that psychologist suggests on individuality actions
and behavior in society and daily environment among us. "Twelve Angry Men" showed social
influences that conformity exits in the juror court being that many juror decisions are based on other
participant decision and instead what they believe along with that minority at time are more
vulnerable. Persuasion, Conformity and Minority influence is clearer conducted in the film. In the
movie in noticed that influence does affect persuasion when one of the juror cast his vote "Not
Guilty". his vote cause cases in the room in which they interpreted their view persuasively hoping to
change the juror vote to find the defended "Guilty" instead. After the rest of the juror reaction
conformity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The normative social influence involves conforming to be accepted or liked by a group, not
necessarily because one actually believes the things one is doing or saying (Fournier, 2016). Jack is
an example of normative social influence he reflects and compare himself with the boy when he was
a child. Jack also lived in a poor area in which felt sympathy and believed the boy was not guilty.
However, due to pressured and social normalization he went along with the group and voted
"Guilty". The juror failed in many areas on ensuring whether the boy was guilty or not and instead
judge the boy being prejudice minority influences was involved. Being that the juror failed to notice
how the lady hear the boy scream "I'm going to kill you", if the train was passing among other
things they overlooked as well will disconfirmed their intention they judge the boy based on
characteristic traits and being that the area he lived and leader pressured. "according to research,
jurors with higher

"Without Connection to Others There Is No Me" Member of...
"Nothing of me is original. I am the combined effort of everyone I've ever known." Chuck
Palahniuk's quote from his book "Invisible Monsters" highlights that a human being is the collection
of experiences, influences and interactions of others within our lives. Palahniuk's quote express' that
from the moment we are brought into the world our personality is constantly shaped and refined
through the connection of others in a predisposed attempt to gain acceptance. Being devoid of this
acceptance can leave us ostracized from society, which can leave us psychologically impaired to
identify who we truly are. The strong bonding with family defines who we are through our early
stages. The community surrounding us refines who we want to become in ... Show more content on
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This then changes as they transition into school and realize that fire has an element of danger too it.
Society then influences and refines our ideas in what we want to achieve and we then follow the
most acceptable occupation that we believe expresses our individualism. Although identity is shaped
by commitments and relationships within the confines of societies pressures, a select few stray off
the path of connecting with others which either leads to loneliness of second guessing of one's true
identities and connections.
The majorities of humans are shaped for the better through early life and are therefore refined
through society to find a place within the community. However there are cases where the early life
influences are absent and aren't able to give the crucial acceptance from an early age. This leads to
abandonment issues that make it exceedingly difficult to find a place within society. In Louis
Nowra's "Member of the wedding" we are shown a prominent example of the detrimental effects of
not being accepted. The protagonist Frankie had a mother that passed away and has a workaholic
father who spends little to no time with at home leaving her with no sense of acceptance and
struggling in finding who she is. She doesn't connect with the world outside and due to her inner
conflict she creates a new "me" in attempt to "connect". F. Jasmine, her new persona, is her attempt
of proving she no longer needs to acceptance at home as she can be accepted in the adult

Can People Resist Normative And Informational Social...
Can people resist normative and informational social influence? Name: Emery Zhen Student ID:
u5348471 Tutor's Name: Sydney Kingstone Lab Time: Thursday 11–1pm Word Count: 2007
(include title page and references) Australian National University Can people resist to normative
and informational social influence? There is a fundamental human need to belong to social groups
especially if people were to live and work together, it is likely that they need to agree on common
beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviours in order to get along and fit–in. Thus, we learnt to conform
to rules of other people, the more people see others behaving in a particular way or making
particular decisions, the more likely people will feel obliged to follow the suit. This is called
conformity and can be defined in different ways, Aronson, Wilson & Akert (2014) stated it is the
changing of one's behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people. According to
Deutsch and Gerard (1955), social influence should be distinguished into two types, the
informational social influence and normative social influence. The occurrence of social influence
has implied to many real life events, which has drawn many researchers to attention. This has lead
many researchers to design distinct experiments to try and understand the cause of the conformity,
whether conformity is situation dependent, and whether we are able to resist social influences. The
influence of others leads us to conform because we see

The Value Of Service Quality Essay
2.2.1.3 Consumer Online Repurchase (Continuance) According to ( Butcher ,2005 , and Hellier et
al., 2003) defined repurchase intention as 'the individual's judgment about buying again a designated
service from the same company, taking into accounts his or her current situation and likely
circumstances', and also regarded as a sound service outcome that is measurable, and intentions–as–
expectations. Service quality has a significant effect on repurchase intention, through a direct link
between service quality, Customer Satisfaction, and behavioral intentions Among the various
behavioral intentions, considerable emphasis has been placed on the impact of service quality in
determining repeat purchase, which the more satisfied the customers are the greater is their retention
and customer loyalty, while service quality influences a customer's subsequent behaviour, intentions
and preferences. When a customer chooses a provider that provides service quality that meets or
exceeds his or her expectations, he or she is more likely to choose the same provider again. In
addition, the hospitality's reputation plays an important role in determination of purchase, repeated
purchase, and customer loyalty (Choi et al., 2004, Yongyui, Cronin, Jones and Farquhar, 2003,
Brady and Hult, 2000). Psychological factors such as Satisfaction, confirmation and loyalty
incentives as salient factors are impact affecting on consumer online repurchasing, and also
product/service characteristics,

Analysis of Conformity and Group Influence in Twelve Angry...
Analysis of Conformity and Group Influence in Twelve Angry Men
Introduction The film "Twelve Angry Men" directed by Sidney Lumet illustrates many social
psychological principles. The tense, gripping storyline that takes place in the 1950s features a group
of jurors who must decide unanimously whether a young man is guilty or innocent in the murder of
his father. At the beginning, eleven of the twelve jurors voted guilty. Gradually, through some heated
discussion, the jurors are swayed to a not–guilty verdict. Upon examination, the film highlights
social psychology theories in areas of conformity and group influence.
Theories and Application
Conformity
Conformity, a change in one's behaviour or belief to correspond with others ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps the power of the need to feel accepted is most evident in the character of juror number two,
a rather meek and hesitant individual, who during several occasions of being confronted by more
strong–willed or hostile jurors, displays quick retreat in his subtle opinions. Informative social
influence is also apparent in "Twelve Angry Men". Juror number twelve, a well–dressed, advertising
businessman for "Rice Pops" exhibits a character that is easily–swayed by convincing arguments
from both sides. He first changes his vote from guilty to not guilty after juror number five's
demonstration with the switchblade only to change his vote again after he is overwhelmed with
"evidence that he is unable to arrange in order." His inability to explain his reasons for his decisions
to change his votes demonstrates the complication of the situation as well as his own feelings of
incompetency (Myers, Spencer, & Jordan, 2009). Instead, juror number twelve relies on the
arguments of other jurors and changes his votes according to the credibility of other's judgments.
Group Influence There is no doubt that people are often susceptible to conformity. However, another
closer look at "Twelve Angry Men" reveals more than just social influences. We continue to see how
groupthink, group polarization, and minority influence influences

Social Influence: Compliance, Conformity, And Obedience
Social influence is a big matter in social psychology which is referred to the ways in which different
people's thoughts, actions and feelings are subjective by social groups. On a daily basis we are
deluged by numerous efforts by others to influence us, and that's why, the study of social influence
has long been a dominant matter of analysis for social psychologists and researchers in many other
social sciences (e.g. marketing and political science). Social Psychologists focus on the situation.
They study the social influences that describe why the same person will act inversely in different
situations. Theorists have typically distinguished between three types of social influence which are
compliance, conformity, and obedience.
Compliance is often referred to as an active form of social influence in that it is usually intentionally
initiated by a person where they may choose to comply or not to comply. Yet, the thoughts of social
reward and punishment may lead them to compliance when they really do not want too. During the
1970s, psychologist Philip Zimbardo conducted an experiment in which participants played the
roles of guards and prisoners in a mock–prison set up in the basement of the psychology department
at Stanford University. Originally slated to last two weeks, the experiment had to be terminated after
just six days after the guards began displaying abusive behaviour and the prisoners became anxious
and highly stressed. The experiment demonstrated how people

Informational Influence
Conformity is a kind of social influence that occurs when an individual change his or her attitudes,
beliefs or behaviors to match or imitate those of other people. Psychologist have conceptually split
this of idea conformity into two major categories base on the social influences that causes them. The
two categories consist of informational influence and normative influence. Informational influence
occurs when one conforms to others because they believe that the group has accurate information
that the person conforming does not have. Normative influence occurs when one conforms to others
because one wants them to like and accept them. The ladder of these influences is depicted in the
music video "Delicate" by Taylor Swift. Swift is forced to conform throughout the video and shows
the reality of conforming. The opening of the music video "Delicate" by Taylor swift depicts her on
a red carpet. In the first scene, Swift has a blank ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She no longer has to conform to the image that society has of her. She then tosses her heels away
and, tears off the bottom part of her dress, and starts dancing. She dances like no one is watching
and how she wants to without the publics opinion holding her back. She also goes where she wants
to, which is depicted in the final scene, as she arrives at a grungy bar to meet a long–lost friend.
Ultimately conformity occurs for motivational reasons. One is motivated to be socially accepted and
to belong to a group, this is the concept behind normative influence. In the video Taylor Swift had to
play a role to be accepted even though she did not like it. The threat of rejection and being disowned
by the group was greater than her idea or need for happnies. This is the down fall of conformity, it
makes one do thing that they might not do if they were not conforming. This idea can also be seen in
the many experiments discussed in class such as Asch

Essay on Conformity and Political Control
The political system in the United States of America is ruled by a two party system that is currently
fighting for control of the economy and government. In the last century the country has been
involved in several conflicts including two world wars and the cold war, which permanently
instilled fear and terror in the American psyche. After the terrorist attacks of September 11th, the
economy was brought to the edge of failure leaving a bi–partisan political system with the attitude
that there is either a democratic or republican solution to the many problems Americans face as a
nation. Due to the fact that there is so much at stake, both political parties have resorted to tactics
that prey on the fact that human beings usually conform to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is a generalization of the effect, but this geo–political representation can also be shown on a
smaller or larger scale. Residents of small towns usually affiliate with the same political party and
the majority residents of a larger region will usually affiliate with the same party. This is where the
idea of the conservative south or liberal north comes from. The fact that people automatically
conform to those around them has negative repercussions in more than one political arena. The idea
that people conform to political affiliations regionally affects the way the House of Representative
re–draws their district lines. This happens so frequently on the state and federal level that that
practice has actually been termed gerrymandering. Unfortunately the practice of gerrymandering
practically undermines the political process in America emphasizing the importance of which party
has the majority in The House of Representatives and taking focus away from their socio–
economical principles. The lawmakers of this country utilize the fact that people will automatically
conform to others around them to their advantage creating a political system that is not truly
democratic.
Politicians of both parties also take advantage of the fact that people are likely to conform due to
normative influences. Normative influences lead people to conform due to the fear or backlash of
others (Kassin, 2011, p.258).

Fight Club Conformity Analysis
Conformity Conformity is a major theme in Fight Club, and there are a number of specific scenes
that display the rejection of it and characters falling victim to it, sometimes unbeknownst to them.
The Narrator, our main character, is a complex individual. He fits into almost every textbook
example of social psychology. He is a complete nutcase. In fact, he is so incredibly insane, that he
creates an imaginary friend with whom he transforms himself into a different person, free from the
bonds of society, free from conformity, free to change the way he lives. Or does he? The film starts
off with the Narrator losing sleep, for what reason we aren't sure. He then proceeds to tell us how he
lived his life. He works a 9 to 5 job in a cubicle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Are they rejecting social norms as well? Or has this fight club in turn become the norm, and
therefore members are joining it to fit in? Perhaps it is a case of minority influence, when a few
influence the many. Tyler and the Narrator have held the same viewpoint for a while now, months
even, that they do not care about clever art or Swedish furniture, and they are comfortable admitting
that they have scars from fighting. With this unwavering view, others start to take notice, and even
begin to respect their ideology. They join fight club to become loyal members. After a while, Tyler
decides that they have to expand or "move out of the basement," and hence creates Project Mayhem.
People do not always cave into peer pressure. If that is true, then when do we break? When do we
give in and conform? According to Bibb Penis Latané's social impact theory, it all depends on three
specific factors: strength, how important the group is to you; immediacy, how close the group is to
you in space and time; and the number of people in the group. The last factor operates differently
than you might think however–the larger a group is, the less each additional person has an influence
on others. Ever since starting the first fight club, Norton's character has garnered such a reputation
that he has gained a following. People start showing up on his doorstep,

Social Conformity Research
Social influence is a huge factor in human life; the psychology behind it focuses on how an
individual is susceptible to behavioural and attitudinal change when in a social environment. People
can be influenced majorly by the actions, opinions and general presence of others and there are
psychological reasons for this. One piece of research that supports why people are influenced by
others is the study of conformity. Conformity is a type of social influence that results in a person
changing his or her own behaviour and attitude because of the real or imagined influence of others.
Conformity can be separated into three groups, as proposed by Herbert Kelman in 1958; these are
compliance, internalisation and identification. Compliance is an individual ... Show more content on
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This is when a person simply accepts the information given to them by others in order to justify
their own beliefs. Informational influence usually takes place in situations where an individual has
to choose a track to follow, for example in a crisis. It is human instinct to observe the reactions of
others as acting in a similar manner helps us to feel secure. An example of informational influence
in crisis is the Orson Welles "War of the Worlds" radio broadcast in 1938. An individual who is
conforming, because of internalisation, usually tend to believe in the others' ideas more than their
own and because of this, they not only comply to behaving in a certain way around them but also try
to change their own attitude in private circumstance too. The third type of conformity is
identification, which takes place when a person wants to gain a certain identity for him or herself.
An individual may want to be associated with a particular person or a group and so may feel the
need to act in a certain way. Identification is sometimes considered by psychologists as a mix
between compliance and internalisation; the individual accepts that the group hold the correct
beliefs and behavioural manners, which is internalisation, but are doing this in order to gain
acceptance and approval, which is

Is Leadership A Part Of Me?
An article summary of Guillen, L., Mayo, M., & Korotov, K. (2015). Is leadership a part of me? A
leader identity approach to understanding the motivation to lead. Leadership Quarterly, 26, 802–
820.
Article Summary
The purpose of this study was to determine what motivates one to take on a leadership role. Is it a
desire to lead or because one has no other choice but to lead because of responsibility or duty? If
one has never considered being a leader, how do we develop them into a leader? How do we create
leaders out of those who don't identify as having the ability to lead? What is their perception of
leadership? For example, if they see a leader as an authoritarian style figure, but self–identify as
more liberal, can we change their viewpoint on leadership? Ultimately, the goal in the research
article, Is Leadership a Part of Me? was to determine if the motivation to lead or MTL was due to
desire or social influence. If they desire to lead or are motivated to lead – why? Is it due to the
positive influence of a former leader they identified with (self–perception similarities) or a belief
they'd the ability (Guillen, Mayo & Korotov, 2015)?
Guillen et al. broke this into four hypotheses:
Hypothesis 1 asks whether believing one is similar to a significant leader in the past created the
desire or influenced the MTL. (We hold the same values, I'd make a great leader, too.)
Hypothesis 2 asks whether the perceived similarity to a significant leader in the past and the MTL

Psychological Interpretation Of Reginald Rose's 12 Angry Men
12 Angry Men is a 1957 adaptation of Reginald Rose's original teleplay. The film takes place in a
deliberation room where twelve jurors must decide the verdict of an 18–year–old who has been
convicted of first–degree murder. Eleven of the twelve jurors believe the boy is guilty in what seems
to be an open–and–shut case. However, juror 8 votes "not guilty" and suggests that the jury
discusses the case in thorough detail. As the deliberations slowly unfold, the re–examined evidence
brings the case in a different light, leading to a unanimous "not guilty" verdict by the end. The film
touches on themes such as justice, prejudice, innocence, and doubt. 12 Angry Men is a powerful
film because it shows the working of the American Judicial system and also emphasizes on
democracy. Additionally, the film integrates social psychological concepts that can help better
understand why the jurors behaved the way they did. From numerous psychological theories, the
film best depicts minority influence, prejudice, groupthink, and group polarization.
Minority Influence
The lone dissenter's ability to influence the entire group is first seen with the initial vote. Eleven
jurors vote "guilty," while one lone juror, juror 8 votes "not guilty." To the others' dismay, Juror 8
insists that the men re–examine the evidence before sending a boy off to die. The other jurors assure
juror 8 that he will never change their minds. However, juror 8 tells them he does not want to
change their mind; he just

Social Control and The Hunger Games Essay
The Hunger Games, a film based off of a novel written by Susan Collins, was released in March of
2012. The film, and the book it was based on, chronicles the struggles of a girl named Katniss
Everdeen, a girl who lives in a poverty stricken province or "District", until untimely circumstances
forces her to play in the Hunger Games, a gladiatorial like contest where children between the ages
of 12 and 18 are forced to fight to the death. A contest that was set up by an oppressive and
authoritarian government, and has thus far been sustained via the forced obedience of the rebellious
Districts, the brainwashing and conditioning of Districts 1 and 2, and the conditioning of the
residents of its Capitol. The movie has a variety of messages, ... Show more content on
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The reason why is hope. Hope is the only thing stronger than fear. A little hope is effective...a lot of
hope is dangerous. A spark is fine, so long as it is contained." (Hunger Games) With this statement,
President Snow reveals the overall scheme of the government, in how they use the Hunger Games to
keep the Districts in line. They use the Games to punish the Districts, and make them fall into line,
but at the same time, they use the Games to give the people in the Districts a false sense of hope.
Because the Games have a winner, each District has the faint hope that someone they send might
win, thus investing them in the contest, and giving them incentive to care about who wins and who
loses. And if a District does have a winner, that winner and the District are given the chance for
many rewards and opportunity for advancements and improvements. The winner of the Hunger
Games will become a celebrity overnight, and would be able to use his or her power to help improve
the conditions of their District, if they so chose. So with the Games giving the Districts this hope, a
hope of a reward or a better chance, the government of Panem is able to keep the rebellious Districts
in line, with minimum fuss. A perfect, if devious, combination of punishment and reward. However,
the Capitol hasn't stopped there in its plans to subjugate the Districts with the Games. It goes
beyond that.

Normative, Informational and Persuasive Social Influences
1. Compare and contrast normative and informational social influence. Informational Influence and
Normative Influence are both categorized under conformity in sociology. Informational is basically
when we conform to others behavior because we believe it provides information about reality. It is
often when we care about getting the right answer and trying to be rational. It also deals with the
"Maybe they know something I don't know" phenomenon. An example, could be choosing to eat at
a busier restaurant opposed to the empty one, or imitating the locals when outside your country. In
contrast, Normative Influence is when we conform to others behavior because they expect us to.
This is when we believe conforming may have positive consequences, such as approval or the
enhancement of our reputation, or when we believe not conforming may have negative
consequences, such as disapproval or punishment. An example of Normative Influence is laughing
at a joke you don't get, or agreeing with an opinion you believe in others. Informational Social
Influence this theory consists of the need to analyze different the information and different points of
view. When a person is found in an unknown environment, without sufficient information about it.
That person will look at other people's behavior to know what the social norm is and will then
behave in a similar way. People need information about their environment to feel comfortable. An
example of this would be, if you were waiting at the

Consumer Behavior : What Affect Does It Have Potentially...
Consumer Behavior Analysis Introduction Consumer Behavior can be described in many ways.
How does one describe it and just what affect does it have potentially on a community? One can
imagine the positive or adverse effects it may have personally or with consumers, however,
marketers know that value is the key in order to reach consumers. Our textbook provided the
following focus; it states; "This chapter focuses on precisely how the value a consumer obtains from
a purchase or consumption act varies based on the context in which the act takes place. Situational
influences are the team that captures these contextual effects..." (Babin/Harris, Page 227) As the
discussion continues on Consumer Behavior the following subjects of decision making,
psychological variables, social and purchase influence, buying patterns, post–recession consumer
and changes will be examined and applied to personal purchasing habits. Decision Making Purchase
– No 1 The following is the first purchase example from a journal assignment; Purchased three (3)
bottles of Body Wash and two (2) bottles of mist from Bath and Body, located at Rivertown
Crossings during the lunch hour. This was an intentional purchase; coupons were used to lower the
cost so the desired state was in progress. To further illustrate this, "Desired states can be affected by
many factors, including reference group information, consumer novelty seeking, and cognitive
thought processes." (Babin/Harris, Page 256) The

The Vs. Recency Effect, Conformity, And Various Techniques...
Social psychology plays an important role in aspects of our everyday lives from the decisions we
make to shaping our personality and behaviour. In this paper I will discuss a pressing example of
one which is latest and most controversial presedential election that occurred in November at the
resulting actions of the American people. These psychological concepts played a crucial role in
many ways such as molding the voters' minds which determined their actions and behaviours and
playing on the psychology of the candidate's opponents to gain the upper hand. The concepts I will
discuss are the primacy vs recency effect, conformity, and various techniques in persuasion. Finally
I will talk about how these techniques could be resisted and a more global use of these factors.
The news article I have chosen discusses Presendential Election that occurred in November
declaring Trump as the new president of the United States. The article talks about Trumps policies
that he plans to put into effect when he is voted and how these things will affect America.
There were many psychological concepts at work both in leading up to and during the election and
the aftermath. The first one that I am going to discuss is the primacy vs recency effect. There were
numerous debates leading up to the election but the most crucial ones were the very first one and the
last one before the election. In those two debates Hilary Clinton was the candidate that spoke first
and despite the victory of Trump,

The Five Factor Personality Test Essay
1. I have taken the initiative to, as the textbook suggested, go online to
http://www.personalitytest.org.uk/ and take the five–factor personality test. The assessment scored
my personality as follows: Extraversion – (21) relatively low Agreeableness – (16) relatively low
Conscientiousness – (36) about average Neuroticism – (16) relatively low Openness – (29)
relatively high The website clarifies that, "... 'relatively low ' means your score was in the bottom
30%, 'relatively high ' in the top 30%, and 'about average ' somewhere in the middle." It is also
notable to add that the website encouraged that discretion should be used when reviewing one's
results. Furthermore, it was explained that instead of "concentrating on particular scores" one should
try to "interpret...results on the basis of the overall pattern." Generally, what I have derived from my
test results is that I have a cynical attitude, as put forwarded by my low agreeableness and
extroversion score. I do not get along well with most people since I am highly critical of the
incompetence of others and also maintain a healthy amount of suspicion of strangers' intentions. I
also attest that my asocial behaviors do not emerge from personal insecurities or negative opinions I
hold against myself. Considering my low score in neuroticism, I can reason that I am a calm and
collected, arguably inexpressive, individual. I think this is because I do not believe my feelings are
valued by others who I do not know, so I see

Analysis Of ' The Lottery ' By Shirley Jackson
Jake Gallo
Professor Underwood
English 1B
4 May, 2016
Unassailable Truth in the Lottery
Society can have a great effect on one's actions and thoughts of truth. Some believe there is an idea
of an unassailable truth, which is a truth that cannot be deemed false. This ideology is brought to the
forefront in Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" (1948), a short story in which a small village of about
300 people stone one of their own each year as part of a cultural tradition. In this story the focus is
on a woman named Tess Hutchinson, or "Tessie" is the victim of the stoning. To demonstrate the
villager's mentality towards the ottery a quote by the towns elder, Old Man Warner, gives his
opinion on the lottery "Used to be a saying 'Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon' First thing you
know, we'd all be eating chickweed and acorns. There's always been a lottery." (Jackson 262). There
is another village addressed in this story, however it is briefly touched on and it is made aware to the
reader that the other village has stopped participating in the lottery. The villagers have this mentality
that the lottery should not be questioned, showing ignorance to all other alternatives and ending the
lottery all together.
Many analysts of "The Lottery" address tradition being shown in the story. In his article "Shirley
Jackson's Literary Discourse and the Allegation of Feminism as Socio–Cultural Subversion in Mid–
Twentieth Century America" (2011) Gustavo Vargas Cohen, a faculty member at the

The Principle of Persuasion Essay
According to the text , Social Psychology, "social psychology is the scientific study of how people
think about, influence, and relate to one another"(pg. 4) this is viewed in a variety of social topics
incorporating group behaviors, attitudes, conformity, obedience to authority, stereotypes and peer
pressure. Outside factors can have a positive or negative affect our view of ourselves and each other.
These outside factors are used to persuade and influence group behavior. Persuasion is defined as
"the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors" (Myers, 2010,
pg. 230). The principles of this process of persuasion according to researchers, Robert Cialdini and
Thomas Davidson, are attractiveness and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A perfect example of this social proof phenomenon is the laughing tracks added to sit–coms. Since
there is laughter in the background we assume it must be funny so we laugh. Everyone else is
laughing so must we. Consistency is defined as the conformity in the application of something
which is necessary for the sake of logic, accuracy, or fairness. Accoring to Persuasion is a Science,
by Peter Wilby, people that appear to be an expert and trustworthy are more likely to be followed.
Cialdini is quoted in this article as saying, "People then listen differently to the next thing you say.
They open their ears and minds. So, when recommending someone for a job, mention a weak spot
before you rhapsodise about their brilliance" (Wilby, 2007, para. 5). Authority is closely related to
credibility. If someone has authority, people tend to be willing to be persuaded by them because they
believe in them and they recognize them as an authoritative figure. Doctors are percieved to have
authority on medical issues therfore we, as their patients, are inclined to listen (or be persuaded by)
their advice as to our health problems. Scarcity is another principle of persuasion. Often times we
are pulled into deals in the retail industry because 'it's a one time offer'. "The act of limiting access
to a message causes individuals to want to receive it more and to become more favorable to it"
according to Davidson (para. 42). The biggest

The Influence Of Social Psychology
People are labeled as good or evil depending on their actions, but your moral compass may not
always be responsible for your actions according to Social Psychology. There are many situational
factors that can influence to decisions we make and cause us to conform, comply and obey. Our own
free will comes into question when we consider how much social influence we are actually subject
to. People can be persuaded to devote their lives to helping others just as easily as they can be
driven to participate in genocide. A prime example of this is when Adolf Hitler convinced German
citizens to become Nazis and slaughter millions of Jews. Most of those Nazis were just normal
people driven to evil by one powerful dictator. There have been many social ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The experiment was conducted by Philip Zimbardo to study the behaviors of participants in a brutal
jail environment. Twenty–four middle class males deemed to be healthy and psychologically stable
were chosen for the experiment. Twelve of them were assigned to guard roles and the other twelve
were assigned to prisoner roles. Both groups were dressed as their roles. At the beginning of the
experiment, the prisoners suffered humiliation and emasculation from the guards by being "stripped
and searched, 'deloused,' and then given a uniform–a numbered gown, which Zimbardo called a
'dress,' with a heavy bolted chain near the ankle, loose–fitting rubber sandals, and a cap made from a
woman's nylon stocking" (Konnikova, 2015). This was all meant to establish hierarchy between the
guards and prisoners. By making the prisoners feel like they are below guards, they become more
submissive. Although Zimbardo may have exaggerated the results, at least some of the prisoners lost
the ability to "clearly differentiate between role –playing and self," meaning that some of them fully
conformed to their roles as prisoners (Konnikova, 2015). The realistic hierarchy of the mock prison
experiment led to some tyrannical treatment from the guards and some submission from the
prisoners. In real prisons, the abuse and altered mentalities of

The Diversity Management Core Competencies Essay
The two core competencies that have decide to write about are individual differences and leadership.
These are two competencies that are extremely important on a daily basis, especially in the
workplace. Individual differences are the variations from different individuals, such as culture,
personality, perception, demographic factors, skills, and attitudes. It is important for individual
differences to be recognized and taken into consideration when it comes to managing any
organization. Leadership is just as critical because it is the influence within an organization that has
a meaningful impact. Leadership maximizes individuals' efforts so key goals can be achieved. It is
important to note that just because you manage an organization, that does not mean that you are
leading the organization. In a way, leadership is also the ability to turn a vision into a reality. I chose
these two diversity management core competencies because individual differences are something
you see everywhere, whether it's in an organization, group or team, and leadership is something that
no organization or group can have success without. I also chose leadership because my supervisor at
work is a great leader and she is constantly leading by example, so I can relate to it personally and it
is something I really respect and appreciate.
The racism that is present throughout the movie Remember the Titans, along with the poor
leadership of both the head coach and assistant coach at the beginning of

Who is a Leader?
Leader is an important person who is responsible in an organization. A leader is a person who
influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal. "Culture isn't simply one aspect of
the game, it is the game and once you enter a successful culture, you feel it immediately" (Laurie
Hillis, Ma). The quotation are form an article that give the view about the possibilities for a leader to
influence people, creating culture and eliminate culture. Culture is group or organizational–level of
shared beliefs and values that lead to norms and expectations for members of that culture. It is the
"glue" that holds an organization together through shared assumptions, beliefs, and processes
(Laurie Hillis, Ma). In short, it speaks to 'how things are done here'. Leader has to create the
conditions for the transformation of the culture from day–by–day beside inspired cultures for all
processes. Based on the definition, a mnemonic for this definition would be 3P's, which are Person,
People, and Purpose as illustrated by the following diagram. The 3 elements have relation that
connects each of them. Firstly, from the leader as a Person who have to influence the team members
that are the People due to guide them to achieve the objective, which is the Purpose. Then, the
Person (leader) must commit to at the same time for the same thing, to achieve the Purpose. Person,
People, Purpose is the important element in ensuring the quality of the performance for the
organization.

The Critical Stage Of Persuasion
The term Persuasion originated directly from the Latin word, "persuasionem, or, persuadere",
meaning to persuade, convince or from Old French, "persuasion", meaning the act of inducing to
believe. The earliest manifestation of Persuasion in religion is seen in the Biblical prophet
Jeremiah's speech in the Old Testament to convince his people to believe in God, and to repent. A
persuasive manner referred to by rhetoricians as "Jeremiad" genre. Persuasion as an intellectual
concept emerged with its roots dating back to the study of, rhetoric, with Aristotle defining rhetoric
as a capability of using persuasion with reference to any subject (Aristotle, bk I, sec.II.2) while
Cicero termed the orator's duty to imbibe a style of talking that convinces ... Show more content on
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It is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it may be stable and enduring involving a
variety of beliefs about the self, such as the judgment of one's own appearance, beliefs, emotions,
and behaviors.
According to one definition (Branden, 1969), there are three key components of self–esteem: Self–
esteem as an essential human need that is vital for survival and normal, healthy development. It
arises automatically from within based on a person's beliefs and consciousness. Self–esteem occurs
in conjunction with a person's thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and actions. According to Abraham
Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for self–esteem plays a key role, depicting it as one of the
basic human motivations. Maslow (1987) suggested that people need both esteem from other people
as well as inner self–respect. Both must be fulfilled in order for a person to grow as an individual
and achieve

Twelve Angry Men By Reginald Rose
or this project we viewed the original 1957 version of Twelve Angry Men, an American Drama,
adapted from the teleplay written by Reginald Rose with the same name starring Henry Fonda as the
lead role. The film begins in New York City in a courthouse, it is clear by the expressions on
everyone's face including the judge that everyone is tired and it has been a long trial. The viewers
are told that an unidentified, young Hispanic male originating from the slums is on trial for
supposedly stabbing his father to death. The viewers are also given the final closing arguments,
including the testimony of two witnesses; one an elderly man saying that he heard the father and son
argue then heard a body drop, and the other a woman who lives across the street who claims to have
seen the boy murder his father. The Jurors and audience are told that if a verdict of guilty is found
then there is a mandatory death sentence that will follow. From there the viewers see that the 12
Jurors retire to a private room where they briefly become acquainted before the deliberation begins.
It is clear to the viewers that even before deliberation begins that there are clear biases among the
Jurors. The Jurors number off and give their verdicts, and almost right off the bat all the Jurors,
aside from one (Juror #8), vote guilty – and they also make it clear that they plan to deliver said
verdict without forethought, on Henry Fonda (Juror #8) is the opposing vote of not guilty. His vote
of not guilty

Informative Influence On Buying A Car Essay
I. Context and Problem/Opportunity (100 words) Buying a car is a high–involvement purchase as
you can be faced was a large selection of choices. When figuring out which car to buy, consumers
consult the advice of family and friends. However, according to a vehicle customer survey from
Maritz Research, the most important information that is also the most influential in the buying
decision tends to come from an individual that has a lot of knowledge on the product, such as a cars
salesperson at the dealership. Considering the complex nature of this decision, reference groups play
a large role. A reference group is 'an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of having
significant relevance upon an individual or group's aspirations ... Show more content on
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When purchasing a car an individual can be influenced all three ways as they seek to make an
informed decision, seek for approval and seek to conform to a significant group. There are also two
types of social influences, normative and informative, that can affect a consumer's purchase
decision. A normative influence is the desire to conform to the expectations of another. An
informative influence is to accept and trust information obtained as reality. (Bishop & Myers 1974).
According to Lam & Meyers 1978, normative and informative influences are both relevant when
purchasing a car as an individuals opinions can be influenced by group discussion. It is evident that
normative social influences have a greater influence on groups as this is when an individual believes
that conforming may have positive consequences and not conforming may have negative
consequences. Whereas, informational social influences is often when we care about getting the
right answer and trying to be rational. Both normative and informative influences affect the
consumer purchase decision of purchasing a car. Purchasing a new car is considered a luxury
purchase, making it a highly influenced decision by reference groups on the product choice and the
brand selected. As purchasing a car is a high–involvement purchase, normative and informative
influences

Normative And Informational Influence Pressure
Quiz 6 Instructions: Please use and apply material from the text and/or lecture when answering this
question. Please aim for an answer that is 150–200 words. Please either paste your answer in or
attach as a word file. Describe an instance when you experienced normative or informational
influence pressures to conform to a group's norm. Be clear which term you are using and how it
applies to the example. There are numerous instance when I was subject to both Normative and
informational Influence Pressure in life but the most recently incident happened in May 2015, when
New York Yankee's player Alex Rodriguez hit his 661 home run and breaking Willie Mays all–time
home run record. A very good friend/coworker and diehard fan of Alex Rodriguez,

Difference Between Normative And Informational Social...
Normative and informational social influence Normative influence primarily occurs in situations
where an individual, when amidst others in a crowd, tend to go along with them primarily in order
to be liked and accepted by them as part of their fraternity. Research has identified that normative
inference normally occurs as an inborn human nature as human beings tends to associate themselves
with others in order to maintain a good social contact and relationship with them. Ideally, normative
influence is normally furthered by the need for an individual to increase their chances of surviving
especially during adverse conditions. This entails that people may at times seem to agree with others
just in order for them to appease themselves to them and avoid potential conflict of standing alone
and standing out. In some situations normative influence may occur where individuals associate
with complete strangers. In such cases, due to mutual fear for each other, an individual may
naturally try to agree with the rest in order to avoid appearing as contradictory or controversial. On
the other hand, informational social influence involves situations where an individual may choose to
agree with others, especially the majority, due to high levels of trust that the majority have more
social power through information and knowledge regarding a particular issue as compared to the
individual on him/herself. In addition, in situations of crisis, people also tend to associate and
exhibit

What Type Of Leader You May Be An Effective And Successful...
Regardless of what type of leader you may be, an effective and successful leader must have personal
power and be able to influence others to support his vision or carryout the mission of the school or
business. Great leaders possess great communication skills, techniques, and tactics to positively
motivate, inspire, and persuade others to join their work. After reading about the works of Robert B.
Cialdini and his six principles of persuasion and Gary Yuki's research on power and influence,
although synonymous, influence and persuasion have slight variations in connotation. Influence is a
mechanism derived from using one's power while persuasion comes from knowing one's motivation
factors. Influence is what you have or who you are that impacts the message you are giving.
Persuasion is a process that enables you to change or reinforce one's attitude, belief, opinion, or
behavior toward a predetermined outcome. Knowing what influence and persuasion are and how to
use them effectively and positively with your employees will be essential in creating a great team
and accomplishing the goal at hand.
After years of research, interviews, and observation, Dr. Robert B. Cialdini wrote the book,
Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. The purpose of the book was to describe the process of
getting someone to comply with your request by tapping into the shortcuts the brain creates for
making quick decisions. In the modern age, our brains are consistently inundated with

Palm Beach Social Norm
ocial mores, or norms, refer to the socially/morally constructed rules/laws prescribing a people's
conduct. Essentially, social norms promote social influence and conformity by prescribing accepted
standards of behavior in a given social group. Such groups may range from friendships, works
groups, colleagues to nations. It is because of the urge to understand more about social norms and
how they influence conduct that saw me take a trip to Palm Beach last Thursday afternoon. Few
minutes past noon to be exact. The place is located few kilometers away from my private residence.
It was both sunny and windy on this afternoon. I spent quite a bit of time observing the people there
on the beach. Actually, I took about 25 minutes observing the people as they went about their
business. I reluctantly moved around the beach as I took note of the different manners of behavior
from different groups of people. I noted scores of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of the social norms guiding dealings among the beach goers, two were openly manifest and
practiced. These are the rules of conduct against use of racist slurs or racially charged language and
environmental pollution. Visitors at Palm Beach are expected to refrain from use of racist or racially
motivated language against others who do not belong to their race; nationality, ethnicity or race
notwithstanding. Use of foul, racially charged language is highly frowned upon at the beach or in
most places elsewhere either as a matter of normative sanction or legal prohibition. To this extent, I
can safely say that the people acted in conformity to this particular social rule. Also, the people
demonstrated fidelity to the social rule on environmental hygiene by ensuring compliance with the
requirement advising people not to leave behind anything foreign except their

Reference Groups And Their Influence On Consumer Behavior
In order to understand what reference group influences are, it is necessary to firstly understand what
a reference group is. The depth of information surrounding reference groups and the influences they
poses on individuals, particularly on consumer purchasing behaviour is vast and one could get lost
in the mist of it all. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that only research relevant to this study is included
in this section, thus an overview of what a reference group is will be provided, then the different
types of reference groups will be explored based on previous research, then the data will start to
look at the influences reference groups have on individuals, and their purchasing behaviour, in order
to fully understand the power that reference groups have. 3.2 REFERENCE GROUPS (LONGER)
In order to find a definition that is able to capture what a reference group is in a comprehensive
sentence, has been difficult and thus the following terms are the most relevant. The term reference
group is defined as 'A group of people that influences the decisions and opinions of a person or
group' (Cambridge, 2016). This term however, is very simplistic and more detail is required to fully
understand what reference groups are. Hyman (1942) originally characterised the term in a social
status study and this characterisation has been developed and refined numerous amounts of times
since, (comb, 1943, Campbell, et al, 1960 and Shibutani, 1955). Park & Lessig (1977) provided
their version

Group Thinking And Conformity
CONFORMITY
Conformity is changing one's own behaviour as to more closely match the action of others
(Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2006). When one start doing what the majority is doing. Conformity can be
affected by group thinking. Group thinking is kind of thinking in which people feel it is more
important to maintain the group's cohesiveness than to consider the facts more realistically
(Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2006). Conformity is one of social influence that is investigated by social
psychologist, which tries to explain people's behaviour in following the trend rather than standing
out.
The scholars that took the perception of conformity further were Muzafer Sherif and Solomon Asch.
They made several experiments. Asch experiment included seven to

Conformity And Social Influence
Many people have been affected in some shape or form by others around them. Social influence has
many different parts to it and affects our everyday lives. Conforming to a group or a person is a
form of social influence. A video written by Kathleen Yale called ¨Crash Course: Psychology
Épisode 38: Social Influence´¨ explains what conformity is by saying, ¨conformity describes how
we adjust our behavior or thinking to follow the behavior or rules of the group we belong to.¨ An
experiment was given to five volunteers to show if they would pick the same wrong answer as the
group they are in just to fit in. The results read, Ïn the end most subjects still gave what they knew
was the correct answer, but more than a third were essentially willing to give the wrong answer to
mesh with the group¨ (Yale, Kathleen). Research has also shown that people conform for multiple
reasons. Kathleen Yale gives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Dorothy Rowe explains if someone loses trust in a loved one, they often turn to others
for guidance which greatly impact their decisions and sometimes lives: Öther people can let us
down, insult or humiliate us, leading us to feel diminished and in danger. Yet we need other people
to tell us when we have got our guesses right, and, when we get things wrong, to help us make more
accurate assessments¨ (142). When we surround envelop ourselves with those who are similar it can
have an impact on the way we see ourselves. Rowe explains that, Ïf we lose a friend, we have to
change how we see ourselves and our life. . . . We need to find friends whose individual world is
somewhat similar to our own so that we are able to communicate with one another. . . . Such people
give us the kind of validation that builds a lasting self–confidence despite the difficulties we
encounter¨ (143). With this, Dorothy Rowe shows how the people who are around someone can
affect our thoughts and

Leadership Styles Essay
Leadership Styles
For many years, people have wondered what makes a good leader. Is it the environment that they
are born into or are they made into good leader, who knows. I believe that we cannot give a clear
definition of what makes a leader. According to (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009, p. 346) leadership is
defined as "a social influence process in which the leader seeks the voluntary participation of
subordinates in an effort to reach organizational goals. So what is my leadership style?
I believe that I have several leadership styles. One of my leadership styles is Servant–Leadership.
Servant–Leadership is defined as focuses on increased service to others rather than to oneself
(Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009, p. 365–66). I stated this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I also feel that I am a motivational leader. Many of my clients see their lives as meaningless
however, as bring a product of the same environment I share my story with them to show them that
we are not all that difference. For example, one of my clients came into to the office to see me not
because she did it on her own but because she is in jeopardy of losing her housing if she is not
working at least 15 hours a week. Well as I spoke to her, she informed me that she is 27 with three
children and has never worked. She did not feel that she needed to work because she has been living
off the system for so long. As I talked to her more, I realize that she just did not have any positive
people in her live. I begin to tell her my story of how I was a teen mom but I had a goal in my head
to do something with my life. After talking to me for about an hour and half I got her to good back
to school and seek part–time employment. Some people just need to hear that "yes you can", I
believe in you", or just anything positive.
Finally, I believe that I am a directive Leader. I give my clients motivation but I am direct on what it
is that I need from them. I inform my client's day one that this is a working partnership and in order
for this to work, I will do my part however; they have to pull their own weight. For example, I have
a client that I have been working with

Photoshop Is Bad
Photoshop is Evil
The media plays a tremendous part in our everyday lives. It affects how we eat, how we dress, and
our self–esteem. Whether it's a heavily photo shopped model in a magazine, or a fad diet that
encourages unhealthy beauty standards. The stress that these standards place on men and women
have been heavily correlated with increases in eating disorders. The perpetuation of being extremely
thin in the media has a huge impact on young people and children especially, because they are still
learning what is considered normal, and will attempt to copy the esthetics of what they see in
magazines if they aren't taught what is a healthy body to have. Mass media portrays men and
women to impossible standards that could never be reached ... Show more content on
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Young people are more susceptible to media influences regarding body image. Every decade seems
to favor a different body shape. The 50s' were all about having a curvy, womanly figure, while the
20s' favored extremely thin, boyish body shapes. Even today among different cultures and sub
cultures one can notice differences in what figure is considered attractive. Media, being a form of
communication, can transmit ideas and perceptions and even influence attributes and beliefs. Ending
this mass self–esteem problem won't be easy, but by increasing the variety in body shapes presented
in media we can start to accept all bodies as beautiful and perhaps encourage young people to
embrace what they were given rather than starving themselves to try to attain the impossible.
However, since this doesn't seem to be happening fast enough, helping people to develop a sense of
self early on may play a huge role in their self–confidence and give them a stronger base of self–
worth. By decreasing their vulnerably and teaching them to question media we will not only create
well rounded adults, but ones who can think critically of the world around them and change it for
the

Essay about chorus role in medea
The Chorus influences our response to Medea and her actions in both a positive and negative
manner. The Chorus, a body of approximately fifteen Corinthian women who associate the audience
with the actors, is able to persuade and govern us indirectly through sympathy for what has been
done to Medea, a princess of Colchis and the victim of her husband's betrayal of love for another
woman. The Chorus also lead us to through sympathy for Medea to accept her decision of taking
revenge on princess Glauce and Jason. On the other hand the Corinthian women influence us and
our responses towards Medea negatively by pleading to her when she decides to kill the children
later in the story.
A way the Chorus influences our response to have pity and ... Show more content on
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Once the Chorus has explained the wrongs that have been done they accept Medea's decision to seek
revenge on Jason therefore leading us to also accept Medea's decision.
"I'll do as you ask. To punish Jason will be just." (Page 25)
Another method the Chorus portrays is by governing or telling us how we should feel in an indirect
manner. In the scene where Medea has reached a dead end and has no–where and no–one to turn to
the Chorus says.
"Medea, poor Medea! Your grief touches our hearts. A wanderer, where can you turn? To what
welcoming house? To what protecting land? How wild with dread and danger is the sea where the
gods have set your course!" (Page 28)
The Chorus explains to us that Medea has nothing to lose, that her situation is bleak and in some
way forces us to feel sorry for Medea and to favour her.
After the scene where Medea and Jason argue, the Chorus speaks more of Medea's hopeless
situation.
"Dragging out an intolerable life in desperate helplessness! That is the most pitiful of all griefs;
death is better. Should such a day come to me I pray for death first." (Page 36)
The group of Corinthian women prefer death rather than exist through Medea's situation. They
move us to pity Medea.
"You, Medea, have suffered the most shattering of blows..." (Page 37)
Here we are brought to attention that Medea has been dealt the harshest of blows and we agree with
the Chorus' words, another example of the Chorus convincingly influences our views.
While the

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