Medical Experiments During World War II

Medical Experiments During World War II
To what extent did medical experiments during World War II affect modern medicine? Section 1: Identification and Evaluation of sources This
investigation will explore the question : To what extent did World War II benefit the medical field? The years 1930
–1950 will be the primary focus of
this investigation allowing analysis of the medical experiments and the outcomes the experiments brought forth. The first source to be evaluated is
Frances R. Frankenburg's book "Human Medical Experimentation: From Smallpox Vaccines to Secret Government Programs", published in 2017.
This source is valuable because it gives a broad view on medical experimentation. It shows different examples of experiments from various parts of the
world during World... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Becker–Freyseng was part of many experiments in Nazi concentration camps. He conducted research on how high altitudes would affect humans.
He used low pressure chambers to observe how much pressure people could handle. He did experiments to see how cold temperatures would affect
the human body. They did this to test how they could rewarm people with hypothermia. He even forced people to drink saltwater in hopes he
could find ways to make saltwater a valuable resource for German soldiers. He killed many people and discovered very little. Joseph Mengele was
another German who conducted many experiments on jews. His largest interest was in genetics. His focus was to try and create the perfect race
as quickly as possible. He tried all sorts of crazy things such as injecting dye into patients eyes in order to make them blue. In 1943 he became the
leader of the women section in Auschwitz. He got to decide who got to stay and who went to the gas chambers. Those who stayed got to be part of
his medical experiments. His largest interest was in twins. Eva Kor, who is now a nationally recognized person, has written many books such as
Surviving the Angel of Death and speeches about her encounters with Mengele. Eva Kor and her family were taken to Auschwitz when she was 10
years old. Her mother was holding on to her and her twin sister in hopes to protect them. " As I looked around, I realized my
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Role Of Medical Experiments In The Holocaust
When most people think of the holocaust, they think of people being forced into concentration camps, they think of Jews and Nazis, they think of
cruelty and death. But what most people don't think of, is all the experiments that went on, all the medical experiments. The Nazi doctors wanted to
find cures for medical conditions that most everyone wanted to cure, but these doctors went about finding the cure a little differently. They would take
prisoners they had and experiment on them in ways of cruelty hard to even imagine. This will only be about one of the many experiments done, the
freezing and hypothermia experiments. Doctor Sigmund Rascher was the one overseeing this particular experiment, he mainly conducted the
experiments at Dachau (Holocaust on Trial http://www.pbs.org). He used over 300 hundred people in his experiments, all of them prisoners in the
concentration camps and all of them young, strong Jews and/or Russians(Jewish Law Articles http://www.jlaw.com) . He had two parts to his
experiment, how long it took to freeze to death, and what the best way to revive a person was (Remember.org http://remember.org/educate/medexp).
To freeze a person, they were either left outside, naked, or submerged in a vat of freezing ice water, also naked (Remember.org http://remember.org
/educate/medexp). The water was the fastest way of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even now, just reading about it happening makes it hard to believe these were actually people being put through these tortuous events. Maybe that
made it easier for Dr. Rascher, or maybe he didn't care in the first place. Either way, over 80 people died in this one experiment alone (Holocaust on
Trial http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/holocaust/experiside.html)
. Who knows how many others died in other experiments. How many were permanently damaged or changed in some way. Whose lives were
destroyed. And many of the experimenters felt no remorse

Nazi Medical Experiments Essay
World War 2 was a tragic event the shook the whole world. Countries across the globe joined forced to clash with one another, throwing away the lives
of many young men. In that event, the Nazi party rounded up Jews, Gypsies, and anyone that they deemed a disease to Germany and the perfect Aryan
race, were taken to concentration camps
The question now is, 'What were the Nazi Medical Experiments that were being conducted during the war? What did they do, and what were the
purpose of these experiment?'
The medical experiments the Nazis conducted were on the human prisoners that they got ahold of during the war. The subjects of these experiments
were primarily those who the Germans deemed as useless, or were fighting against in the war, such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this interview Jona recalls her time in the laboratory, witnessing the testing on many of her fellow people, and believed that the experiments were
an attempt to alter the human body. This can also be backed up from the paper published on the government website,"One of the key reasons the
Nazis conducted medical experiments was to further progress their dream of a master "Aryan" race, and to weaken the Jewish race as a result....The
Nazis also had a clear vision of what their master race would look like and do for Germany. 12 Hitler envisioned that the perfect "Aryan" for his ideal
race had blue eyes, blonde hair, and was tall."(2,3) Reading the first hand account, and the paper we can deduce that the Nazis were injecting prisoners
with drugs and chemicals in an attempt to alter the human body; such as changing the eye colors of someone, or hair color. This shows that the Nazi
medical experiments were more than just a way to help Germany's medical advancement and aid their soldiers, this was a way to create the superior
Aryan race. They attempted this through the process of experimenting on prisoners and test

Medical Experiments In The Holocaust
The Nazis made scientific contributions to the world in the Holocaust through their medical experiments and government initiatives, resulting from
their military research experiments and the medical experiments conducted in concentration camps. The Nazis conducted their military research to aid
the German military and its citizens. The medical experiments conducted at concentration camps, most of which, resulted in physical torture and death,
had limited data and insufficient results. Widespread diseases in the Aryan race caused the Nazis to research possible vaccinations and immunizations
against the disease. The ideas of eugenics and racial hygiene inspired doctors and physicians alike to conduct experiments proving the superiority...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scientists at Ravensbruck "tested the efficacy of sulfanilamide and the regeneration of bones in the human body" (University of Toronto).
Sulfanilamide is still used today to restrict the growth of certain bacteria. During WWII, the Nazis were afraid that the Allies would "attack with
phosgene gas, so Doctor Birkenbach was ordered to find a means of protection against such poisoning" (Gomes 2). Phosgene is used today as a
chemical in the production of pesticides, but the Chief Administrator of the EPA chose to forgo the use of the Nazi data because of the harshness of the
execution of the experiments. It is undeniable that the implementation of the Nazi–derived data would boost the United States' knowledge of the effect
of phosgene on humans. "Physicians influenced the minds of many by 'scientifically' proving that the Aryans were the better race" (Georgetown
University), through rigged scientific experiments. Undesirable people, as seen by the Third Reich, were exterminated, while others were subjected to
euthanization and forced sterilization (Fraker 13). Though the experiments were cruel, the activities of the doctors led to the Nuremburg code, which
serves as international law during war and reminds humanity to prevent the atrocities committed by the Nazis. The actions of the good–minded
scientists and physicians in Nazi Germany provides an example of how even

Comparing Two Medical Experiments
The two experiments I will be doing are in the doctor's office, and at an interview. When I go to the doctor's office I will sit in the doctor's chair
instead of the chair I am suppose to sit at. My prediction will be that the medical assistant will ask me to move to the other seat. When I go to my
job interview I will make sure to sit forward as I am getting interviewed and touch the interviewee on the shoulder when I first meet him or her. My
prediction will be that they will be able to tell that I am very interested in the job and by me touching them on the shoulder, that they will get a sense
of trust in me. I believe these two experiments will be a great because I go to the doctors very often so it will be very interesting to see how they

Ethical Issues In Medical Experiments
While designing research and searching for subjects, medical workers and researchers have faced and still face profound ethical challenges. They have
found that interests of knowledge and science do not always follow the same road as the interests of their subjects' health (Mills and Morris 66).
Obtaining full informed consent, balancing risks and benefits, maximizing subject autonomy, and developing results into treatment is complex and
difficult. The government, review committees and researchers have also had tense interactions as oversight and transparency come up. Most
researchers have ended up experimenting on groups of people who are similar in backgrounds: the majority being low socioeconomic classes, low
education, minority cultural... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yusef Abdul Saliquu (Butch Anthony), reflecting on his experiences in experiments in Holmesburg Prison, believes scientists should not be allowed
to conduct any medical research in prisons. He points out that main problems included lack of informed consent and skewed risks and benefits
(McGinn 138). Saliquu says he has lost his trust in medical officials, who despite "good intentions" and a "proper start" may end up doing bad in an
environment that is "too risky and corrupt" (McGinn 139). However, other people want the right to participate in research. In 1973, people from a
county prison in Pennsylvania protested the ban in the New York Times saying research programs helped them financially (Mills 63, Morris; Capron
5). The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects discovered that people in prison volunteered for research expecting a "thorough
medical examination and possibly follow up treatment" (Mishkin

Ethical Constraints In Medical Experiments
Although scholars have obtained verbal histories and generic written documentation evidencing the general research activities of these low–status
prisoner doctors, little identifying information has been found recording the names of these prisoner doctors, or the roles they played in specific
experiments. However, there are a few examples where identifying information about specific prisoner doctors was recorded and retained. For
example, typhus began to spread feverishly through the ranks of the German front line, and SS officials such as Heinrich Himmler and Medical Chief
Ernst–Robert Grawitz, were impatient for a vaccine. When the facility where typhus vaccine research was being conducted was bombed by the allies,
the head physician, Dr.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the mid–status non–prisoner doctors conducted research to benefit the Nazi military effort. Research on altitude, sea–water, and mustard gas
was conducted to help increase the survival rate of navy, air force, and army personnel. In order to do so, the mid–status doctors were required to
either suspend, or redefine their moral code, to serve their higher purpose of careerism. The first group of these experiments, the high–altitude
experiments, were done under the supervision of Dr. Sigmund Rascher, an SS doctor at the Dachau camp. High–altitude research duplicated the
atmospheric conditions a German pilot might encounter in combat when falling great distances through space without a parachute and source of
oxygen. Altitude experiments were carried out by locking the prisoner in an airtight, low–pressure chamber, then simulating high altitude atmospheric
conditions and pressures up to 68,000 feet.25 The prisoner was observed to see the conditions at which a German pilot would not be able to survive.
The unprecedented opportunity to use live human subjects accelerated Rascher's research efforts; the research was extraordinarily [MISSING]German
air force to benefit the pilots.26 Dr. Rascher, in the extreme environment of the Nazi concentration camp, clearly was unconcerned with the moral
breach required to conduct the lethal high–altitude experiments. Rascher's career, unhindered by medical ethics, was enhanced by having produced this
groundbreaking research, as "in science, professional success is determined by the publication of...[credible] research."27 [MISSING; DID HE
PUBLISH?]. Another non–prisoner doctor, Dr. Wilhelm Beiglboeck conducted seawater experiments to improve naval personnel's chances of survival
in a potable water shortage emergency. The primary purpose of the research was to develop a method of making seawater drinkable

Nazi Medical Experiments During The Holocaust
George Noah Fudge
English 10
October 17, 2014
Ms. Childs
WWII Nazi medical experiments Essay The essay you will be reading about will contain how Nazi science experiments were inhuman. There will be
some experiments you will be reading that actually occurred during WWII.
Nazi human experiments were a series of medical experiments done on large numbers of prisoners most of them were Jewish and Jewish children
were included too from Europe, but there were some other races too such as Romani, Ethnic Poles, Soviet POWs and non–Jewish Germans. Caused by
Nazi's in Germany in the concentration camps in the early 1940s during WWII and the Holocaust. The prisoners did not willingly volunteer usually the
experiments ended in death or disfigurement of permanent disability. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once you read about some of the things they did to the people in their so called science experiments is hard to believe that humans actually did that to
other humans. Like there was one where they were testing mustard gas burns. They exposed the people to it deliberately then once they had the burns
they would study them. Another one they were testing was head injury experiments. They took this little boy about ten, eleven, or twelve and
strapped him down to a chair where he could not move and just above his head was a mechanized hammer that would come down every few seconds
and hit him on the head. Eventually he was driven insane. This isn't even a science experiment this is pure torture. strapped him down to a chair where
he could not move and just above his head was a mechanized hammer that would come down every few seconds and hit him on the head. Eventually he
was driven insane((head injury

Medical Experiments During The Holocaust
"I will remember that there is an art to medicine as well as a science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife
and the chemist's drug." (Louis Lasagna). However, the doctors of the holocaust didn't care, and used the victims as guinea pigs for the results. The
medical experiments performed during the Holocaust had horrific outcomes for those experimented upon. The freezing and hypothermia experiments
were tested upon males to test the conditions of the warriors suffered out in the fields. Tons of German soldiers died of freezing temperatures or were
paralyzed by cold injuries. They only used healthy men in these experiments, though, because the week men would not be equal to the soldiers. These
experiments were split into two parts. One part was to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Group one received an artificial wound and it was injected with bacteria. Group two got either wood or glass splinters inserted into their wounds. Last,
group three, received both wood and glass splinters. The last very excruciatingly painful experiment was the interrogation and torture experiments.
These experiments were supposed to test people's limits, endurance, and existence. They simulated extremely high altitudes with and without oxygen.
Theses experiments were executed in Dachau concentration camp. There were four experiments conducted slow falling with and without oxygen, and
falling with and without oxygen. There were about 200 people chosen for the experiments, and out of all these people, less than 40 had been
condemned to death, but 78 were killed. To do the experiments they were put in containers that were air tight. Then the pressure inside the container
was changed to simulate the experiment they were assigned to. They figured out that only continuous experiments at altitudes upwards of 10.5 kms
ended in death. They also showed that the victim stopped breathing after about 30

The Medical Experiments By The Ss ( Nazi )
The Medical Experiments By The SS (Nazi) Have you ever heard of the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler, the Holocaust, or even the medical
experiments of the SS? Well, get ready to learn about it. Adolf Hitler was an anticommunist that fought for Germany in WWI. He was the leader of the
Nazi's. The Holocaust was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler 's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The medical
experiments of the SS were experiments performed by doctors on prisoners. During World War II, a number of German physicians conducted painful
and often deadly experiments on thousands of concentration camp prisoners without their consent. Unethical medical experimentation carried out
during the Third Reich may be divided into three categories. The three categories consisted of experiments aimed at facilitating the survival of Axis
military personnel. The second category of experimentation aimed at developing and testing pharmaceuticals and treatment methods for injuries and
illnesses which German military and occupation personnel encountered in the field. While the third category of medical experimentation sought to
advance the racial and ideological tenets of the Nazi worldview (https://www.ushmm.org). Doctors have always been thought of as the saviors of
mankind, the healers, and caretakers of our utter existence. Even ancient civilizations revered the medicine men as having special power to protect life.
The trust of a physician is sacred. This is why

The Pros And Cons Of Nazi Medical Experiments
During Hitler's mass killing of about six million, Nazis imprisoned many Jews and other races they thought inferior to them in concentration camps.
Within the walls of these camps, the Nazi doctors had many opportunities to experiment on the prisoners at the camp in various ways. During the
Holocaust, the Nazis performed many different medical experiments on the prisoners at the concentration camps which proved to lacerate and scar the
victims of the medical experiment.
One type of experiment that the Nazis performed on the prisoners of the concentration camps could fall into the classification of twin experiments.
These experiments dealt with twins going through examination and observation. Taken for examination, the twins entered the concentration camps for
"three days of what must have been psychological examination and three days of laboratory experiments" ("The Holocaust: Nazi Medical
Experiments", 1998). During these three days when the experiments took place, the doctors photographed the twins to compare features between the
twins. After the twins went through examination and the process of photographing, "Mengele and his collaborators dispatched them with a single
injection of chloroform to the heart," (Tyson, 2000). Mengele conducted most of the twin experiments at the Auschwitz camp because he found twins
very intriguing, so he dedicated his time to their experiments. During and after the injection, "care was taken to ensure the twins died at the same time.
The

Medical Research: Tuskegee Syphilis and Nazi Human...
When you think of medical research, you probably think of lab rats. The "lab rats" in both Tuskegee syphilis study and the nazi human experiments
were living human beings. History repeats itself as the two studies occur with the same intention and procedures. It was a result of ignorance and the
idea of hierarchy: superiority and inferiority. The inhumane action of the researchers led to policies that protects against barbarous experiments.
Tuskegee syphilis study started in 1932 with a good intention, scientists were trying to examine the abundance of syphilis within rural African
Americans in the South in order to anticipate a mass treatment. When there was an economic downturn during Great depression, study was terminated
although US public health service was in favor of continuing the study (Deria). The purpose of the following study did not have the same objective as
the first. The intent of the second study was to determine whether African American population would be affected by syphilis just as much as White
population. It also had an intention to discover how long a human can live without untreated syphilis (Ogungbure) The research took place in Macon
city, Alabama where low class families were prevalent. Taking an advantage of uneducated, they disguised the word syphilis with "bad blood". The
study continued for 40 years with 400 men left untreated and 600 men was manipulated. Nazi human experiment was conducted in order to enhance
the ability of German

Auschwitz Survivor: Medical Experiments
" Since Auschwitz we know what man is capable of. And since Hiroshima we know what is at stake. – Victor Frankl Auschwitz Survivor. The
Auschwitz concentration camp was one of the worst holocaust camps where over one million prisoners experienced brutal living conditions, execution,
or were used for medical experiments. Auschwitz was one of the many camps operated by Nazi Germany to make their "enemies" suffer for what they
think made them lost The Great War. Do you think these people and prisoners were innocent to these crimes against them? The prisoners this did
happen to didn't think so much of it. The first Auschwitz camp began construction in April of 1940, in a abandoned Polish army barracks in Oswiecim.
The first prisoners at Auschwitz ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Those who did escape the gas chambers ended up dying from overwork, disease, and lack of nutrition". The Jews and different people at this camp
were worked until falling on the ground, and then yelled at and beaten for being tired. People at Auschwitz were not fed properly, at breakfast they
got coffee,at lunch watery soup, and at dinner was a piece of bread. Experiments done on prisoners in Auschwitz was run by Dr. Joseph Mengele, and
these experiments were inhumane. Dr. Mengele wanted to study about the eye color, so he would take a random child and inject serum into the kid's
eye causing excruciating pain for one of his many experiments. Dr.Mengele also used twins for his experiments, Joseph would put Chloroform into the
twins hearts to see if they would die at same the time, it caused death to every person. "Arbitrary executions, torture, and beatings were present
everyday in front of other prisoners". The SS would kill anybody they think deserved death, the SS were ruthless to the prisoners at Auschwitz. Family
members would kill each other for food sometimes, and SS officials would hold prisoners in rooms and torture them sometimes to death. The prisoners
at Auschwitz were present to inhumane experiments, wrongful deaths, and painful

Ethical Medical Experiments: The Aversion Project
The Aversion Project was a medical torture program led by Dr. Aubrey Levin in the 1970's and 1980's during South Africa's apartheid army. While the
exact number of participants is unknown, it is believed that the project conducted approximately 900 "sexual reassignment" operations in effort to rid
the army of homosexuality, which during this time was considered a mental illness. The project mainly subjected homosexual male soldiers,
predominantly white and between the ages of 16–24, and, on the rare occasion, lesbian women to various forms of unethical medical experiments, such
as behaviour therapy, chemical castration, electric shock, and in more severe cases 'sex–change' operations. Researchers, such as Dr. Aubrey Levin,
believed that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(M., 2008) Participants were first subjected to behavior therapy in which they were electrically shocked while exposed to pictures of naked men to
create a negative association between the two. They were also subjected to narcoanalysis, in which they were semi–conscious and only able to answers
question with facts they already know. Many were chemically castrated with a vast doses of hormones. The next stage in treatment wasgender
reassignment surgery. Subjects were given new identities, discharged from the military, and were forced to cut themselves off from family and friends.
The causality rates; however, were extremely high for this procedure (Kaplan, 2004).
Homosexuality is not a "disease" as Dr. Levin and his colleagues would call it. During the process of this experiment, Levin learned that forced gender
reassignment paired with other harsh methods does not cure hmosexuality, instead it can make indivduals reluctant to reveal their self– accepted
lifestyles, can cause ideations of self–harm due to the emotional distress and mental confusion, and are overall detrimental to the individual's'

The Nuremberg Code: Scientific And Medical Experiments
Throughout history, prisoners have been used for many cruel and immoral scientific and medical experiments. For example, during World War II there
were many human experiments done on prisoners by Nazi Germany in concentration camps. As a result of this cruel treatment and the Nuremberg
Trials, the Nuremberg Code was put into place. The Nuremberg Code states that informed consent is required when doing any type of human
experimentation and these experiments should not be conducted when there is a reason to believe that it implies a risk of death or injury. But
according to Annas and Grodin, "Nuremberg Code extended no further than the boundaries of the wartime Third Reich. The Nuremberg Code has
never been "used in a criminal case" and at best... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On page 128, Skloot describes how a doctor used a prison in Ohio for his experimentation; "Southam chose the Ohio prison because its inmates had
cooperated in several other studies...including one in which they'd been infected with a potentially deadly disease called tularemia." Skloot goes on to
state "research on inmates would come under scrutiny and start being heavily regulated about fifteen years later, because they'd be considered a
vulnerable population unable to give informed consent. But at the time, prisoners nationwide were being used for research of all kinds.." (page 129)
After doing research, I have learned more about human experimentation and about the laws that prohibit the use of prisoners as

Medical Experiments of the Holocaust Essay
Medical Experiments of the Holocaust Kaitlin Holocaust in History January 6, 2013 Many brutal atrocities were committed during the Holocaust by
the Nazi party against anyone they viewed as "unpure". This included the Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Afro–Germans, Slavs, communists, the
handicapped, and the mentally disabled. These groups were targeted, stripped away of their rights and citizenship, and then sent to concentration
camps. Some of these camps were death camps; created for the sole purpose to annihilate these groups of people, mainly the Jews. At these camps, the
prisoners were tortured, starved, brutally killed, and experimented on. In this research paper, I am going to discuss some of the medical experiments
that were... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They forced about ninety Gypsies to drink seawater only, while being deprived of food. Obviously since the salt content of the water causes the
body to retain more salt, and lose more water, which is why seawater is undrinkable, these experiments caused serious bodily injury, major
dehydration, and an enormous amounts of pain and suffering. The Gypsies were so dehydrated and so desperate for water, they reportedly "licked
the floored after they had been mopped just to get a drop of fresh water." (The Experiments, Remember.org) Experiments were conducted to find an
antidote to phosgene, a toxic gas use as a weapon during World–War I. At Fort Ney near Strasbourg, France, Nazi doctors exposed roughly 52
concentration camp prisoners to the phosgene gas. This gas caused extreme irritation to the prisoners' lungs. Many of the prisoners suffered
pulmonary edema after the exposure. Four died as a result of the experiments. (The Experiments) Josef Mengele, a Nazi doctor stationed at
Auschwitz, was called the "Angel of Death". Many times he would be the one who was in charge of "selection". He had the power to decide the fate
of the prisoner; he had the power of life and death over them. He was in charge of the many experiments conducted at Auschwitz. The experiments he
is most known for are genetic experiments, and the experimentations on twins. (Josef Mengele) Many of those who were experimented on were
children. They were kept

Nazi Medical Experiment Essay
considered "military necessity" adequate justification for their heinous experiments. They justified their acts by saying that the prisoners were
condemned to death anyway."(Cohen, Baruch C. "Nazi Medical Experimentation: The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments." Jewish
Virtual Library. American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2016. .) It did change things about the military and how it used to be but
too many were forced to die for this change. Dr. Sigmund Rascher Dr. Rascher was most known for his freezing and high altitude experiments.
Freezing Experiments: Prisoner was put in ice freezing water, often tell they would shiver themselves to death. He did this to see how long German
pilots shot down in the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This method was devised to test whether such liquid as the only supply fluid cause physical disturbance or death within 6 to 12 days. They were so
desperate for water they waited for the freshly mopped floors to get water by licking them. He showed no humanity. Nothing good came out of this
experiment; Furthermore, it does not shape the medical field. Sulfanilamide Experiments "The German Armed Forces suffered heavy casualties on the
Russian Front in 1941 to 1943 because of gas gangrene (Cohen, Baruch C. "Nazi Medical Experimentation: The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From
Nazi Experiments." Jewish Virtual Library. American
–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2016)." These casualties and other war
wounds are the cause for healthy Jews to be deliberately wounded and then the subjects were infected with bacteria creating almost a battlefield
wound. Although he had a motive behind his research. He did not have any humanity to all of those people he killed to get this far. His research was a
springboard for many different researches containing toxic gases.This research contained more to the military aspect of the experiments. Miscellaneous

The Holocaust Medical Experiments
Kamree Drummond Mr. Buchanan World History Honors 3rd Block March 27, 2017 Medical Experiments of the Holocaust During World War II,
there were many acts of cruelty done towards people seen as unsuitable or worthless to the Nazis. These people included Jew, homosexuals, gypsies,
and the handicapped. In this paper, I'm going to describe the medical experiments that were performed on inmates by Nazi doctors during the
Holocaust. These experiments include: the twin experiments, the freezing experiments, the seawater experiments, and the bone grafting and nerve
experiments. One of the main experiments the nazis performed on the prisoners in the concentration camps had the purpose of wanting to find a way
to treat a person who was severely cold or frozen, thus began the freezing experiments. These experiments were mostly used to benefit German Air
Force. The freezing experiments were mainly held at the Dachau concentration camp. The Dachau camp was mainly built for political prisoners of
war. Approximately 188,000 people lived there, and 31,951 were said to have been executed there. Dachau was active for almost all of the 12–year
Nazi regime, making it one of the longest–running camps. The freezing experiments at Dachau took place in August 1942. One of the most common of
the experiments involved forcing the prisoners to sit in an ice... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This formed the sea–water experiments. These experiments were created by the German Air Force and Navy. They wanted to discover how severe the
effects of drinking sea–water are on humans. The reason people cannot drink seawater is because of their urine. The kidneys can only produce urine if
the amount of salt is less than the amount of salt in seawater. So, drinking seawater would cause people to urinate more water than they drank which
would cause a person to become dehydrated and even thirstier until they would eventually

The Methods of Execution and the Medical Experiments at...
The Methods of Execution and the Medical Experiments at Auschwitz My report will deal with the ways the prisoners of the Auschwitz
concentration camp were executed, and also the medical experiments that took place. Accurate statistics were not kept, but the estimation of deaths
that took place at Auschwitz ranged from 1.5 million to 4 million. Jews were the largest number of people who were killed. Poles and Soviet
prisoners were also killed. The principle sites of Auschwitz, were the executions took place, were in the courtyard, and also block 11. The methods of
execution were hangings, shootings, starvation, and being gassed. The decision to shoot a prisoner could be made by the Gestapo, or by the SS.
Suspects of resistance... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prisoners would be held in a single cell in block 11. Food and water were withheld from them. Each day an SS officer would look through a
peephole to see if the prisoners were still alive. About every other day the dead bodies would be removed. Auschwitz had gas chambers that were
made to resemble showers. The unskilled people that arrived were told that they would be cleaned and to go to the showers. When they got in the
doors they were immediately locked and the gas was turned on. In the gas chambers up to 1,500 people could be killed at one time, and it took from
10–20 minutes for the people to die. The Nazis used a cyanide gas, which was called Zyklon–B. This type of gas was manufactured by a pest–control
company. Medical experiments were done on many of the prisoners of the concentration camp, but mostly on twins, and dwarfs. The main medical
doctor that conducted these experiments was Joseph Mengel who was also known as the "Angle of death." The main types of medical experiments
dealt with freezing/hypothermia, genetics, infectious diseases, interrogation, torture, genocide, high altitude, pharmacological, sterilization, surgery,
and traumatic injuries. Freezing/hypothermia were conducted by the Nazi high command to simulate what the armies suffered on the Eastern Front.
The experiments were divided into two parts. The first part was to determine how long that it takes to lower the body temperature so the person dies, and

Medical Experiments In The Holocaust
The Holocaust in World War II is one the many cases of genocide. Millions of people were killed, or injured during the war. People were held in places
called concentration camps. In the camps, people were dehumanized. They were treated like animals, and hurt. Sometimes they were even put through
unethical treatments and medical experiments. Medical experiments are often talked about during times of war, as most of the time they are unethical,
and a crime against humanity, as in the case of the experiments during the Holocaust. The medical experiments, and the trials that followed were the
first trials for the crimes against humanity. The medical experiments of the Holocaust were a horrendous crime against humanity because they
needlessly slaughtered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The doctors of the Holocaust were cruel people. They did not care about the people they hurt to get the results the so desperately were seeking. They
killed many in the experiments, killed some to hide evidence, and killed others without reason. All of the people involved were supposed to go on trial
for their crimes. In some cases, they did not go on trial, or receive little to no sentencing. Some doctors were tried during what was known as the as
the Nuremberg trials, or the Doctors Trial, a total of "23 leading German physicians and administrator" (7) were tried for crimes against humanity.
These people were involved the the torture and murder of innocent people. These people were tried as only 23 out of the 200 physicians (3), as
some people like Josef Mengele, known for his experiments on kids, escaped, and "lived for 35 years hiding under various aliases"(8). People like
Mengele escaped any sort of punishment for years. They never faced justice for their actions. This was not fair to the people who suffered because of
people like him, and their families. Of the 23 put on trial, "Sixteen of the doctors were found guilty. Seven were sentenced to death." (7). Only sixteen
got in trouble and faced punishment for their ungodly acts. This means seven doctors escaped punishment on

Ethical Use Of Medical Experiments Or Torture?
Experiments or Torture?
Imagine being trapped in a cage for a lifetime. Picture being tortured through "experiments." This is the life many animals in biomedical research are
forced to live . Nowadays, most of the animal experiments are conducted on mice, rats, fish, and other animals that are excluded from the Animal
Welfare Act of 1966. Animal experiments cause psychological and physical harm to the animals with a complete lack of respect for their quality of life
which is why they must be banned.
The effect that biomedical research experiments have on these animals is detrimental. According to the Physicians Committee for Responsible
Medicine, PCRM researchers found in a 2011 study that "previously–traumatized chimpanzees exhibited ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Justin Goodman and coworkers, the use of mice "reflects scientists' and laypersons' greater moral concern for animals in laboratories
who are typically viewed as companion animals or as being human–like or having higher mental abilities"(Casey 2/4). Even though these scientists are
a little more concerned, they still hold little respect for mice because they are not deemed "worthy" to them. These animals suffer immensely
through testing because these scientists believe that they are worthless. In addition, PETA said that "95 percent of mice bred for these cruel
experiments don't carry the desired gene, they're typically killed right after birth"(Bend 2/4). How inconsiderate the scientists are is shown through
the killing of the young mice straight after birth because they are not the way the scientists want. These younglings barely have the chance to
experience life because of the cruel nature of those who conduct research. Some people may say that these "experiments" help create medicine that
can help save lives, but these experiments destroy the lives of the animals. Plus, it does not always work.According to Peggy J. Parks, a drug called
Vioxx which appeared safe when tested on animals ended up causing "more than 100,000 heart attacks and strokes among people in the United States"
(Parks 16). A lot of people suffered because the drug did not have the same

Medical Experiments In Prisons
More than 90 percent of new drugs fail to make it into the public's hands. That 90 percent is also proven too toxic to even get past actual patient
testing. Distinguished medical professionals find out if new medicines are toxic through various testings of which include human testing. Most of these
test subjects include medical students as well as prisoners. Medical experiments have been conducted in prisoners for years. Not all of these tests
however were properly practiced. Attached to these experiments are either great rewards for the medical community or unlawful controversy. The
World Medical Association in 1961 failed to propose that prisoners should not be used as the subject of experiments. This was mostly because the
experiments performed were unlawful and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I agree in the fact that we should have experiments in prisons but they should be voluntary experiments. Prisoners are human beings and should be
treated as such. I do not side with Cohen's opinion that the custodial institution should be able to force an inmate into an experiment. If the
experiment is ethical and follows all of the guidelines A and B that Cohen has provided in his article I do not find a problem with inmates taking
advantage to help themselves as well as the greater good by participating in a medical experiment. Every human being has the capability to make their
own choices in life as long as they are mentally competent. Prison is seen as a controlled environment where many inmates are willing to participate
in anything that is going to benefit them financially or get them one step closer to freedom. Prison life is strenuous and endless, having the opportunity
to be apart of something that has benefits attached is big for an inmate. The factors of prison encourage the inmates to want to participate in something
beneficial but in the end it is their sole decision to make in order to be included in proper

Medical Experiments During The Holocaust
Types of Medical Experiments of the Holocaust In the Hippocratic Oath, it states, "I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable
to cure" (Tyson). Dr. Josef Mengele, other physicians and encampment staff, in charge of medical experiments at concentration camps, discarded this
principle, and others, when they chose to mutilate and preform inhumane experiments on innocent people. The people they victimized, were forced to
participated for they did not have the option to oppose. During the Holocaust, experiments were conducted upon mainly Jewish people or prisoners
from Russia and Poland (Spitz) . Though there were numerous experiments being preformed, it was broken down into; Racial, war–injury, and
pharmaceutical experiments. Racial experiments not only contributed to genocide, it also answered the pondering... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
To assist in the process of ethnic cleansing of anyone who did not meet the racial standards of the Nazi party, they used methods of sterilization to
stop the reproduction of that certain ethnicity. Surgery of both male and female were established to be too slow of a process for their standards, and
only needed for cases of which the patient had a form of hereditary diseases (page 192, Spitz). Their solution to make their genocide experiment more
efficient, was to either inject a compound of caladium plant into the uterus of women or the use of X–rays on the genitals of both genders. Of those
two, X–ray were proved, in only high dosages of radiation, to produce the most mass destruction and closeness to their goal of ethnic extermination
(page 195–196, Spitz). Thousands of victims lost their ability to create a

Racial Hygiene And The Victims Of Medical Experiments
Each year, about 2.7 million shelter animals are euthanized, simply because they have nowhere to call "home". We humans seem to think we can
determine which lives are worthy, or unworthy, of life. Similarly, Hitler believed he had the right to determine which lives were worthy of living.
During the Holocaust, it is estimated that about 6 million Jews were "euthanized" because he deemed them as undeserving of life. Included within that
estimation are the victims of medical experiments, which physicians imposed on them without consent. People in positions of power determined who
were worthy of continuing to live, with what we now consider basic human rights, and those unworthy were euthanized or used in medical
experimentation. By simply understanding the expansive amount of pain and suffering these "unworthy" individuals went through, you will understand
why it is imperative that we teach this dark point in human history and make sure it is never repeated.
In the early twentieth century, a popular idea known as racial hygiene played a prominent role in creating a division between races. The German
government created a set of policies that dictated which individuals were worthy and unworthy of reproducing, in the hopes of obtaining more
desirable qualities, based on these ideas. In 1933, the German government started a series of forced sterilizations, without consent. Robert Jay Lifton
writes that a group of individuals deemed "'hereditarily sick'" were the main targets.

Ethical And Unethical Medical Experiments
In the fourth century B.C., the renowned Greek physician Hippocrates created the Hippocritical Oath. This oath, a code of conduct followed by
physicians from the very beginnings of medical history, proclaims that one must do no harm to their patients or subjects. It also requires that the person
swearing this oath leads an "exemplary personal and professional life" (Briticanna, 2008). Nowhere in this oath does Hippocrates even insinuate that a
doctor cannot perform experiments on a human being, nor does he deem it unethical. However, a handful of "doctors" have crossed the fine line that
distinguishes the difference between ethical and unethical human medical experimentation.
Josef Mengele did far more than just cross that line. He conducted his experiments without any recognition of its existence. "The Angel of Death,"
(United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2015) was a cruel scientist with a sadistic mentality. He would walk through hordes of new arrivals,
searching for twins ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The twins screamed in pain, both night and day, until they contracted gangrene and eventually died (Bulow, Eva and Miriam, 2015). In another,
Mengele killed fourteen sets of twins in one night with chloroform injections straight to the heart (Lifton, 1986).
Not only would he perform radical surgeries, but he would also inject one twin with a series of diseases and wait for the child to die. Then, the
other twin would be killed in order to perform a cross examination of the effect the disease had on the subjected body. That is not all that was done
to the body after death. "Dissection of the corpses for final medical analysis is well documented by Nyiszli and by Lifton." And, in addition to the
injection of diseases, he also injected dye as well as other unknown substances into the eyes of the children, presumably trying to change the color
(Bard,

The Importance Of Medical Research Experiments
Four healthy subjects (3 males, 1 female, age = 21 В± 2 years; weight = 85.5 В± 35.5kg; height = 173.5 В± 10.5 cm; weekly physical activity = 7 В±
2 hours) with no prior lower extremity injuries volunteered, and gave informed consent to participate in the study. An experimental, longitudinal study
approach was taken with no control group applied, where subjects knew the intention of the study. Pre–and post–measurements were taken for analysis.
Prior to conducting the study all of the subjects had to complete a medical history assessment questionnaire, and reported to the research laboratory
where they were measured in the following categories to obtain anthropometrical data; Mass, height, and age. Subjects height and mass were conducted
and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the subject had completed the warm up session, they were then instructed to stand on the Biodex Balance System (BSS) (Biodex, Shirley, New
York, USA), using the leg that they would use to kick a football with. (All of the subjects were dominant using their right foot). They were allowed to
flex their dominant knee up to 10В° to ensure that the talo–crural joint was mainly targeted during testing. They were also required to maintain an
upright posture, and to maintain a comfortable knee angle with the unsupported leg. If the subject were to touch the support railings during the
assessment, it would invalidate the results and have to be repeated. Once in position, the platform was unlocked allowing for movement. The subjects
were then instructed to adjust their dominant foot's position until they found the position at which they were at the most comfortable and stable. This
was done to establish the subject's ideal foot positioning for testing. The platform was then locked, and subjects were told to maintain their foot
position. This position was used for testing, and recorded by investigators. The testing protocol consisted of a single 20 second test using level 8
resistance provided by the BSS. This process was then repeated for the opposite limb. Each subject then received a figure of eight, heel lock strapping
to their dominant foot using Zinc Oxide and Elastic Adhesive Bandage (EAB) and were

Holocaust Medical Experiments
Sarah Klocke Dr. Jedele Holocaust Research 31 August 2015 The Holocaust and Scientific/Medical Experiments Experiments were carried out by the
Nazi's to start an advancement in German medicine compared to the rest of the world. Tons of medical and scientific testing was done in the
concentration camps to prisoners with no consent of the patients ("Nazi Medical Experiment..."). The experiments so harmful, that there was nearly no
chance of survival except for a few. It led some to disability, mutation, and most likely death. Over 30 experiments were brought about inmates at the
concentration camps. Twins were a major help with testing during this time. Twins were brought to doctor's attention at Auschwitz with helping
multiply the German race.

Medical Experiments of the Holocaust Essay
Medical Experiments of the Holocaust
As a society we place those in the medical profession on a pedestal. They are people to be looked up to and admired. In many ways they are Gods,
right here with us on earth. People put the hope and faith in doctors hoping they can perform miracles. Throughout history,doctors have indeed
preformed many wonders. There were, however, some doctors that betrayed this belief and peoples trust. These doctors could be found in concentration
camps such as Auschwitz and Dachau. These doctors committed unspeakable acts against the Jews and other minorities, believing that they were
conducting helpful experiments. Following the holocaust, however, they were punished for their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The victim would be placed beneath sun lamps, which were so hot, the skin would burn. They would then freeze and reheat the victim, repeatedly.
Another revival technique was irrigation; the victim would have boiling hot water irrigated throughout their bladder, intestines and stomach. All
patients died from this technique. They would also submit to high altitude changes. They would be locked in a low–pressure chamber until their lungs
would explode. These experiments would help the doctor to determine the limits of the human body.
The second class of experiments involved medical research. Doctor's would conduct medical experiments, which included the gas chamber and
epidemic disease. Some victims were killed in gas chambers. This would allow better research to help develop ways of stopping such chemical
attacks by the enemy or to help improve there way of killing there victims by showing them the effects of phosphorus and mustard gas burns. Doctors
would also inject the victims with diseases such as malaria, smallpox, cholera and spotted fever. They would do so in order to observe the
effectiveness of vaccines. Doctors would also break bones and flesh and then infect the wounds. They would also perform operations on the victims
without administering anesthesia; all victims of these operations were killed during or shortly after.
The third class involved experiments about the human race. These doctors would

Essay about Medical Experiments on Animals Create Abuse...
The Screams Behind the Creams:
An Analysis of Vivisection in the Medical Industry
19.5 million animals are killed every year due to different experiments being tested on the animals. Vivisection is the use of live animals during
operation for scientific research. Such animals may include: dogs, cats, primates, guinea pigs, and hamsters. One of the most common forms of
vivisection is the experimentation for medical purposes such as making new medicines. The use of animals in the medical industry should be
prohibited, in order for the industries to stop abusing the animals and causing them to suffer.
When scientists experiment on animals many precautionary measures are disregarded and therefore animals experience an excessive amount of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In addition to the torment of the actual experiments, animals in laboratories are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them–they are
confined to barren cages, socially isolated, and psychologically traumatized" (Animal Experiments: Overview). The animals have their entire natural
habitat taken away from them while being tested. Without their normal surroundings, it is hard for them to behave and live like their species. If a
person were to have all of their possessions taken away, they would be inferior and victimized. The animals feel this way. Scientists take the animals
for granted and forget that the animals have feelings too. The habitats that the facilities provide for the animals could be viewed as poorly as the
quality of treatment for animals The environments of the facilities used to house the animals do not correspond with the environments that the animals
would live in, in the wild. One of the criteria a vivisection laboratory must follow is to "provide ethologically appropriate facilities (i.e., as would occur
in their natural environment) for those chimpanzees..." (NIH to Reduce Significantly the Use of Chimpanzees in Research). The facilities that the
chimpanzees are in must match the environment they would be in if they were in the wild. This criteria helps to eliminate the abuse of the animals,
however not all facilities are required to have the animals in their own habitat–like

General Medical Experiment
General Medical Experiment Organs of the victims from the holocaust were put into jars and displayed for research. The Nazis called them "unworthy
lives" – who deemed too sick, weak or handicapped for the "Master Race." More than 70,000 were killed, gassed to death or otherwise murdered
between 1939 and 1941 at the hands of the sadist doctors and nurses by the end of the war. Thousands of brains, uteruses with fetuses and other
organs and parts were preserved in jars until 1978. (Dark Chapter Closes On Patients ' Treated To Death' Last Rites For Victims Of Nazi
Experiments,GEORGE JAHN, VIENN) "The Nazi physicians performed brutal medical experiments upon helpless concentration camp inmates. These
acts of torture were characterized by several shocking features: (1) people were forced to become subjects in very dangerous studies against... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He worked in Auschwitz Block 10. Block 10 mostly contained women who were married between the ages of 20 to 40 who had not borne children.
Among the subjects their feared being killed, sterilized, or inseminated by Clauberg. He would tease the female subjects they would undergo sexual
intercourse with a male subject for this purpose. After he would inseminated their wombs with animal sperm and monsters were growing inside of
them. Three–Hundred female prisoners were experimented on, in Block 10. Dr. Clauberg also conducted the sterilization experiment in which he
blocked the fallopian tubes, creating the goal of effective mass sterilization. Many inmates had their genitals mutilated to discover cheap methods of
mass sterilization. The injection of caustic substances into their cervix or uterus producing horrible pain, inflamed ovaries, bursting spasms in their
stomach and bleeding. Young males had their testicles subject to large doses of radiation and were subsequently castrated to ascertain the pathological
change in their

A Study On Nazi Medical Experiments
The chapter on Nazi medical experiments in Chalmers' book is one of the most fascinating chapters because it examines the different types of
techniques that the Nazi's used to sterilize men and women. Chalmers explains that women were particularly subject to medical experiments because
the Nazis were obsessed with destroying inferior races and wanted to perfect the art of sterilization so no more undesirable elements would be born
(Ibid 123). However, both men and women were subject to Nazi medical experiments like medical injections, X–Rays, and chemicals, which resulted in
burnt skin, abnormalities, and death. Among these experimentations many chemical companies, doctors, and University professors supported the
experiments being done on... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This section of Chalmers' book makes the reader ponder the morality of medical experiments like abortions, stem cell research, and infanticide in the
world today and questions whether we have learned from Nazi medical experiments in the past.
The second section of Beverly Chalmers book, Birth, Sex and Abuse, deals with sexuality among Germans and sexual abuse among Jewish women.
Chalmers provides interesting information on how the Nazi's banned homosexuality, birth control, and feminist organizations (Ibid 145). Chalmers
outlines that the goals of the Nazi party by repressing sexuality like homosexuals and feminist movements was to promote pronatalist policies like
reproduction so women could bear more children for the superior Aryan race. Chalmers' extensive study of brothels in concentration camps interested
me because I did not realize the SS allowed prostitution inside concentration camps and the majority of these women were Germans because Jewish
women were not allowed to be prostitutes due to the Rassenschande laws. Chalmers' study of German women in brothels broadens the traditional study
of the Holocaust because rather than always focusing on non–German women's experiences it allows people that study the Holocaust to examine how
German women were affected by the Holocaust in

Holocaust Medical Experiments
As described by many historian, there were a few discovering happened after the Second World War including the Holocaust Experimental Data which
was considered as a human normative ethics based on experimental research during the nineteen century. Researches investigate the set of questions
arise in the Jew's community during and aftermath of the holocaust which allowed them to know with absolute and scientific certainty what was
happening inside Nuremberg concentration camps. Most of them prove that horrific Nazi human experiments were conducted on Jewish prisoners
against their will, resulting in torture and death which is considered as These paper will analyses the holocaust's origin thus that the consequences that
the Jewish population... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The proof is that there was a trial for German physicians who conducted these human experiments on concentration camp prisoners which were
prosecuted as war criminals. Until now, the society still continue to discuss if it is acceptable in the medical community to consider the medical
research data that were collected during these experimentations. Even some of these experiments had legitimate scientific purposes, the methods used
violated the canons of medical ethics. Others were racial in nature, designed to advance Nazi racial theories. Most were simply bad science.
Additionally, some believe there are major ethical problems with using the data collected in this unethical manner. Once a decision to use the data
has been made, experts suggest that it must not be included as ordinary scientific research, just to be cited and placed in a medical journal. I agree
with author Robert J. Lifton who suggested that citation of the data must contain a thorough expose' of exactly what tortures and atrocities were
committed for that experiment. Citations of the Nazi data must be accompanied with the author's condemnation of the data as a lesson in horror and
as a moral aberration in medical science. The author who chooses to use the Nazi data must be prepared to expose the Nazi doctors' immoral
experiments as medical evil. I suggest that if I was a judge that time, I had most definitely torture the Germans in the same way as they tortured Jewish
people. According to the philosophy written by Richard Matthews inside the book entitled "The Absolute Violation: Why Torture Must be Prohibited,"
he said " It's a comprehensive refutation of the arguments in favor of torture, including act and rule utilitarianism, as well as "dirty

Medical Experiments During The Third Reich
Have you ever heard of the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler, the Holocaust, or even the medical experiments of the SS? Well, get ready to learn about
it. Adolf Hitler was an anticommunist that fought for Germany in WWI. He was the leader of the Nazi's. The Holocaust was a genocide in which
Adolf Hitler 's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The medical experiments of the SS were experiments performed by
doctors on prisoners. During World War II, a number of German physicians conducted painful and often deadly experiments on thousands of
concentration camp prisoners without their consent. Unethical medical experimentation carried out during the Third Reich may be divided into three
categories. The three categories consisted of experiments aimed at facilitating the survival of Axis military personnel. The second category of
experimentation aimed at developing and testing pharmaceuticals and treatment methods for injuries and illnesses which German military and
occupation personnel encountered in the field. While the third category of medical experimentation sought to advance the racial and ideological tenets
of the Nazi worldview (https://www.ushmm.org). Doctors have always been thought of as the saviors of mankind, the healers, and caretakers of our
utter existence. Even ancient civilizations revered the medicine men as having special power to protect life. The trust of a physician is sacred. This is
why the practice of medicine by the

Animals in Medical Experiments Essay
Animal experimentation has been credited for the medicines made to assist diabetes, vaccines for smallpox, deep brain stimulation for parkinson's
disease, and many more along with millions of dollars spent on failed experiments, millions of animal deaths a year, misleading data and an overall
bigger loss than gain. The main point of animal testing is to benefit the safety and overall health of humans, but testing on non humans to learn about
humans doesn't contribute to the cause. Humans have the voice protective of their own lives and demand rights, though every living creature deserves
the right to life and to safety. The way these animals are being treated is heinous and insulting to the human race, as it subsides our morals and some ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rats show us that they are of senses and are similar to humans, if they weren't we wouldn't be testing on them, rats aren't less intelligence to other
animals; So they deserve rights just as other animals.
Animal testing models live generally deplorable and very restricted. These animals are deprived of social interaction and proper living environments
their entire lives. This often causes odd behaviors that could very well interfere with every experiment. For example large Rhesus monkeys are kept in
two feet by three feet cages and they developed abnormal "neurotic" behavior, such extreme conditions make the animal's text results very questionable.
(Fox) Scientists ignore the animal's stuffing and call it "adaptive" because it is due to their unfitting environments. Scientists also put aside their
mental, emotional, psychological and social suffering and it's significance on their projects.There are laws against the cruelty against animals that live
in our homes but an animal bred to test on has almost no safety rights; rats and mice have none at all. These specimens are burned, cut open, shocked,
poisoned, socially isolated, starved, dehydrated, forcibly restrained, addicted to drugs, brain damaged, given birth defects, and killed in various
pointless experiments(Chanda). Not many humans can even imagine having any of those things being done to them, yet everyday we take the power
over a

Nazi Medical Experiments
"I will practice my profession with conscience and dignity: the health of my patient will be my first consideration". (Modern Hippocratic Oath)
The Nazi doctors did a broad range of awful experiments. The Nazi doctors' medical research for genetic and military purposes were monstrous
and barbaric. The Nazis thought that if Aryan women gave birth to twins with blond hair and blue eyes, then the future will be saved. Mengele
believed that the twins had secrets. He thought that Auschwitz was the best location for research because of the big number of twins to use for
experiments. Josef Mengele walked into Auschwitz in 1943 as an educated, experienced, medical researcher. Mengele took his turn as the selector
on the ramp. He would send people either to the right or left, to the gas chamber or to the hard labor. Mengele got excited when he found the twins
and he had the SS officers help him look for twins. Eva and Miriam were twins with blonde hair and blue eyes, they were found and taken away from
their parents. Their parents were left behind and went through the selection. Eva and Miriam were tattooed and given a number from a special
sequence. They were also treated differently than all the other prisoners by Mengele. They did genetic experiments because you... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It ended just before Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945.(Spitz) Inmates that were healthy were purposely infected with malaria by mosquitoes or
were injected. Three to five inmates were infected with Malaria per month, so they could be used to infect other inmates.(Rosenberg) The people that
were subjects in the Malaria experiments,either died, or suffered severe pain and a permanent disability. Everyone that was accused in the Malaria
Experiments were sentenced to death by hanging, except seven who were given sentences of five years to life of hard

Medical Experiments During Ww2
Throughout WW2, the Nazis conducted many experiments on prisoners in the concentration camps. The experiments were extremely brutal to the
persons being experimented on. Many of these doctors used their authority to justify the means of their "research". There are various different
experiments that were conducted for supposed benefit to the German army. Experiments conducted by Nazis were inhumane and traumatizing to those
lucky enough to survive. Although the experiments done on humans during WW2 were absurd, there are some factors that were beneficial. Some of
the data recorded by the Nazis is used in many scientists works today. For example, "Nazi hypothermia studies, for instance, have been cited in the
medical literature for decades, and recently several scientists have sought to use the data in their own work"(Tyson). Another compelling argument
regarding the injustices done to the prisoners revolves around the Nuremberg trials. After the war, the Nuremberg trials were "held for the purpose of
bringing Nazi war criminals to justice"(Nuremberg Trials). Laws were also made after the Holocaust to protect human test subjects of future
experiments. On the contrary to the dreadful things done to the prisoners, few relevant points are presented as positive outcomes.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Commonly, doctors are thought of as the "saviors of mankind, the healers, and caretakers of our utter existence"(Medical experiments...), suggesting
that they are responsible for life and death of patients. Trust is a crucial factor that must be present between doctor and patient. However, it is
denounced that "The Nazi doctors violated the trust placed in them by humanity. The most painful truth is for the most part the doctors escaped their
crimes against humanity and lived a life, unlike their victims"(Medical experiments..), thus emphasizing the horrors that the nazi doctors put their
"patients"

Medical Experiments In Holocaust Research
The Holocaust was a horrific genocide that started in 1933 and proceeded to last 12 years. It included the killing of 6 million Jewish men, women,
and children as well as gypsies and political prisoners ("RavensbrГјck" 1). Many escaped, especially those who were more fortunate (Thomson, 5),
however others were not as lucky. This event has been documented by millions of sources, however the medical experiments that were presented in
Nazi camps and prisons in specific RavensbrГјck prison are largely undocumented. RavensbrГјck was located in a swamp 50 miles north of Berlin and
was the only Nazi camp built for women. It served as a training base for 3, 500 females that would later be recruited into the Nazi paramilitary corps.
First, it was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each lapin was assigned a mother that would bring them bread and pieces of food after the surgeries. Through this and the rabbits' strong spirits a
miraculous 63 survived. Out of the ones that died, 5 died immediately after surgery, and 6 were executed. The lapins were all politically savvy and
documented what had been done to them by a camera smuggled into camp. Their picture and letters eventually made it to the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICC) in Geneva, however the head at that time, Max Huber, was a personal friend of Dr. Karl, the man performing the
surgeries, and so prevented the Red Cross from investigating. The lapins were later rescued from the prison. They attended court hearings and helped
convict the doctors for "crimes against humanity" and war crimes, and later 35 lapins came to the U.S. Out of the three doctors that committed these
atrocities, one was hung, and the other two were both sentenced to prison however did not serve all of their time. One ended up working for a
pharmaceutical company while the other practiced as a family physician before a survivor recognized her (Sharav,

Nazi Medical Experiments
Nazis used prisoners for medical experiments that are very disturbing. Some people may consider them as an insult to humanity. The Nazi doctors
conducted thousands of experiments, each worse than the last. One of the experiments they did was the hypothermia experiment. For this experiment
the subjects would be submerged in ice water for multiple hours. Sometimes they would place the prisoners in snow instead of water. No painkillers
were allowed to be used for this experiment. Some of them were then "rewarmed" by being thrown into boiling water. This experiment was to see how
long the body could withstand freezing temperatures. Since people were dying from hypothermia in the winter time, the doctors wanted to get
prisoners accustomed to the freezing temperatures.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most people know of the twins experiments during the holocaust because they were simply awful. Most of the twins experiments were conducted
by the doctor under the name of Josef Mengele. Mengele did all kinds of things to sets of twins. He measured body parts and compared them to
the twin. And then he would remeasure. He also attempted to see if it was possible to change the twin's eye color with different chemicals. At one
point he tried to cut off limbs of each twin and sew the bodies together to create conjoined twins. He conducted tons of experiments on hundreds of
sets of twins. The main reason for the twins experiments was to see if there was an unnatural way to manipulate women to have twins to increase
the population faster. There was also the seawater experiment. For this experiment, prisoners were only allowed to drink seawater. They were not
allowed any freshwater or even food. Some prisoners were seen licking mopped floors to try to get some kind of freshwater. They became extremely
dehydrated and died.Dr. Hans Eppinger wanted to camouflage the taste of seawater. He wanted seawater to become the main source of fluid for the

Medical Research Experiments
Have you ever wondered how medicine has progressed throughout the centuries? Medicine has gone from simple herbal remedies to powerful
medications for pain and infections. Yet, how is it that physicians know so much about diseases, infections, the signs and symptoms, and the treatment
of those diseases? In some cases, unethical medical experiments were conducted to figure out how diseases were transmitted and the symptoms that
people would present if they were ill with that particular disease. This would then lead the physicians to observe how the disease would progress from
beginning to end without any medical interventions, which often involved letting the person die. Then physicians might intervene with several medical
interventions at different stages of the disease, such as medication, vaccination or surgery–to figure out when the interventions would best be suited for
that particular disease. However, does this justify the actions of the doctors and researchers who conducted these unethical medical experiments? Many
critics argue that these experiments were not only unethical but also immoral. Yet, unethical medical research has greatly impacted and contributed to
modern medicine today. Due to these experiments several medical discoveries were made, such as vaccinations, which have allowed our doctors to
have more knowledge on how to identify diseases and how to treat the patients, reducing the mortality rate and allowing our life expectancy to increase.
Although, the

Medical Experiments During World War II

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