listening process

1. SAMIHAH MUNIRAH SAFWAN

2. It is a physical and psychological
process that involves choosing to
listen, understanding, and responding
to symbolic messages from others.

3. Hearing
Choosing
Understanding
Responding
The reception
of sound.
The act of
choosing to
focus attention
on the message.
Deciding what
the message
means to you.
Your reaction to
the message. It
can be
emotional and
intellectual.
Your
knowledge, attitudes
, values, beliefs and
self-concept
influences your
perception.
You first respond
emotionally, then intellectually.
Then you decide how to
respond.
Your own needs,
interests, attitudes,
and knowledge
affects your choice
to pay attention.
Not everyone
hears the same
way. Men actually
prefer certain
frequencies.

4. This means making as much use as you can of
the low level clues. You start by listening for the
individual sounds and then join these sounds
together to make syllables and words. These
words are then combined together to form
phrases, clauses and sentences. Finally the
sentences combine together to form texts or
conversations.

5. Models of Listening Comprehension Process
Bottom-Up Processing
WHAT DO WE GET
Meaningful Information
Sounds Words Phrases
Body
Language
Grammar

6. Top-down listening means making as much
use as you can of your knowledge and the
situation. From your knowledge of
situations, contexts, texts, conversations, phr
ases and sentences, you can understand
what you hear.

7. Top-Down Processing
WHAT DO WE GET ???
__
Meaningful Information
Sounds Words Phrases
Body
Language
Prediction
Prior
Knowledge
Context
Experience
Grammar
RELATES TO

8. EXAMPLES
BOTTOM-UP : That evening, another friend calls to invite you to a party
at her house the following Saturday. As you’ve never been to her house
before, she gives you directions. You listen carefully and make notes.
TOP-DOWN : Over lunch, your friend tells you a story about a recent
holiday, which was a disaster. You listen with interest and interject at
appropriate moments, maybe to express surprise or sympathy.

9. • the use of background knowledge in
understanding the meaning of the message.
• Once the topic of a holiday has been
established, our knowledge of the kind of
things that can happen on holiday comes into
play and helps us to ‘match’ the incoming
sound signal against our expectations of what
we might hear and to fill out specific details.
• We already experienced (the holiday)

10. • when listening to the directions to a
party, understanding the exact words is likely
to be more important
• We do not familiar with the area so we need
to interpret the data/information based on
what we already listened.