1. GRAMMAR
Singular Subject pronouns and the verb To Be
Subject
pronouns
Verb To Be
Short form
Example
I
Am
I’m
I’m a student
You
Are
You’re
You’re my friend
He
Is
He’s
He’s a doctor
She
Is
She’s
She’s a secretary
It
Is
It’s
It’s a book
Yes/ No Questions
Affirmative
Negative
Am
I
I am
I am not = I’m not
Are
you
you are
You are not= You’re not
Is
he
he is
He is not = He isn’t
Is
she tall ?
Is
it
It is
It is not = It isn’t
Are
we
we are
We are not = We aren’t
Are
you
you are
You are not = You aren’t
Are
they
they are
They are not = They aren’t
Yes, she is
She is not = She isn’t
tall
2. SIMPLE PRESENT
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or
usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or
something that often happens. It can also be something a person often
forgets or usually does not do.
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true
before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the
speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about
people or things.
GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PPRESENT TENSE
Use to describe routines and habits
Affirmative
I
You
Negative
Interrogative
I
sing
I
You don’t
We
We
They
They
He
you
He
She
It
sings
Do
they
he
She doesn’t sing
It
we sing?
Does she
sing?
it
3. For verbs in the simple present tense add s,-es or ies for he, she, it
S
-es
ies
Takes
Verbs that end in sh – Verbs that end in y
ch –x –o.
preceded
by
a
consonant
Brushes
plays
Watches
Study-studies
Fixes
Cry cries
Makes
Goes
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
We use these adverbs to talk about how often we do things :
Always
usually
normally
Sometimes
rarely
hardly ever
often
never
We put always, usually, etc. after be or an auxiliary (e.g. have, must):
He is always late.
I’ve often been to Spain for my holidays.
You must never swim after a big meal.
But we put always etc. before main verbs:
I usually walk to work.
She hardly ever drinks coffee.
4. We can compare the meaning of these adverbs like this:
0%
never
100%
always
5%
hardly
90%
usually
10%
rarely
80%
normally
30%
sometimes
70%
often
(We usually say the word often without pronouncing the letter t.)
