EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

1. TRIANGULATION IN
RESEARCH
ATHIRA VM
NSS TRAINING COLLEGE

2. TRIANGULATION -MEANING
 Triangulation is a powerful technique that
facilitates validation of data through cross
verification from two or more sources.

3. TRIANGULATION-DEFINITION
 According to O’ Donoghue and Punch (2003),
triangulation is a “method of cross- checking
data from multiple sources to search for
regularities in the research data”.
 According to Schuh (2009), define
triangulation as “using multiple sources of
data, data collection method or both and
multiple investigators to collect data”.

4. PURPOSE OFTRIANGULATION
 Main purpose of triangulation in educational
and social science research is to increase the
credibility and validity of the results.

5. TYPES OFTRIANGULATION
 Data triangulation
 Investigator triangulation
 Theory triangulation
 Methodological triangulation

6. Data triangulation
 Use of variety of sources of data in a study. Eg:
compare observational data with interview
data, compare what people say in public with
what they say in private.

7. Investigator triangulation
 Using multiple observer rather than single
observer. This reduce personal biases of the
investigator.

8. Methodological triangulation
 Use of multiple method to study a single
problem. Eg: In survey, various subscale can
be used in one questionnaire, assessing
different aspects of a phenomenon .
with -in method, between method -Two or more researchers using same research
technique: One researcher using two or more research techniques:Two or more
researchers using two or more research techniques.

9. Theory triangulation
 Use multiple perspective to interpret a single
set of data.

10. TRIANGULATION
 ADVANTAGES
 Confidence
 Innovation
 Unique finding
 Clear innovations
 DISADVANTAGES
 Realism
 Time consuming
 Expensive

11. CONCLUSION
 Triangulation is a strategy that enhances the
quality of the research thereby ensuring that
the findings are reliable, dependable and valid.
 It helps to unveil the complexities of
phenomena under study and understand them
in depth rather than generalizing the findings