The Spanish/Colonial Period from 1565-1898 saw significant developments in Philippine literature. Printing was introduced, bringing religious works and periodicals. Notable writers during this time included Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Mariano Ponce. Common literary genres were poetry, including pasyon, metrical romances, and folk songs. Prose consisted mostly of religious and didactic works. Religious and recreational plays also flourished, such as panunuluyan, cenaculo, and zarzuela. Overall, this period saw Philippine literature blossom under Spanish colonial influence.
2. Objectives:
– Describe the Philippine literature during the period
– Enumerate writers who contributed to the flourishing of
literature during this period
– Name literary genres and pieces
– Analyze literary pieces
3. An Introduction – What the colonizers
brought anew in Philippine Literature?
– Printing was introduced by the Dominicans in 1593
– Introduction of theater, playlets and drama
– Teaching of the Christian Doctrine
– Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other
dialects
– Periodicals this times gained religious tone
– Literature: religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry
4. Literary Writers & Their Works
1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimaslang)
- Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell), Sobre La Indolencia De Los
Filipinos (On The Indolence of The Filipino), A La Juventud Filipina (To The
Filipino Youth), Junto Al Pasig (Beside The Pasig River)
2. Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Plaridel, Pudpoh, Piping Dilat, Dolores Manapat)
- Pag-ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa, Kaiingat Kayo, Dasalan at Tocsohan,
Sagot sa Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas
5. 3. Graciano Lopez Jaena
- founded La Solidaridad
- Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile ang Everything is Hambug
4. Mariano Ponce (Kalipulako, Tikbalang, Naning)
- Ang Alamat ng Bulacan, Sobre Filipinos
5. Pedro Paterno
- Ninay (1st social Novel in Filipino)
- Sampaguitas y Poesias Varias (Sampaguita and Varied Poems)
6. 6. Andres Bonifacio
-Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Mga tagalog, Katungkulang gagawin ngv
Mga Anak ng Bayan, Huling Paalam
7. Emilio Jacinto
- Brain of the Katipunan, Editor of Kalayaan (Katipunan’s
Newspaper)
- Kartilya ng Katipunan, Liwanag sa Dilim, A La Patria
7. 8. Apolinario Mabini
-Sublime Paralytic, Brain of Revolution
- El Verdadero Decalogo, Sa Bayang Pilipino
9. Jose Palma
- best known as the author of the lyrics of the national anthem
10. Modesto de Castro
- the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog
- “Urbana and Feliza”
8. Literary Genres
Poetry
1. The Pasyon – commemoration of Christ’s agony and resurrection at
Cavalry.
Ex. “Ang Mahal Na Pasion Ni Jesu Christong panginoon Natin Na
Tola” by Gaspar Aquino de Belen in 1704
2. Metrical Romances (Awit At Korido)
a. Awit – fabricated from writer’ imagination, set and characters
are Europeans, refer to chanting.
Ex. “Florante at Laura” by Francisco Baltazar
9. b. Korido – usually based on European legends or tales, refer to
narration.
Ex. “Ibong Adarna”, “Historia Famoso ni Berbardo del Carpio”
3. Ladino Poems
4. Folk Songs
Ex. Leron-leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi,
Atin Cu Pung Singsing
10. Prose
- consists mostly of didactic pieces and transitions of
religious writings in foreign languages, such as novenas and
biographies of saints,… and linguistic works of friar lexicographers
and grammarians.
Ex. Barlaan at Josaphat (conversion to Christianity of a young Indian
prince, Josaphat, by the holy man, Barlaan; their pious lives, and holy death)
Urbana and Feliza
11. Religious and Recreational Plays
1. Panunuluyan – tagalog version of Mexican Posadas. Held on
Christmas Eve. Dramatizes Joseph and Mary’s search for lodging in
Bethlehem.
2. Cenaculo – dramatization of passion and death of Jesus Christ. With
2 kinds: Cantanda and Hablada
3. Salubong/Panubong – Easter play. Meeting of Risen Christ and his
Mother
12. 4. Tibag – St. Helen/Elena’s search for the cross on which Jesus died
5. Carillo (Shadow Play) - performed on a moonless nigh during town
fiesta or on dark nights after harvest
6. Zarzuela/Sarswela – father of drama
7. Sainete – short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. An
exaggerated comedy.
13. Other noted plays/events during this period:
– The Moriones
– The Moro-moro
– Karagatan
– Duplo
– Balagtasan
– Dung-aw
Editor's Notes
Printing- First books:
Ang Doctrina Christiana (The Christian Doctrine) – 1st book printed in 1593 by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva. Contains peter noster, ave maria, regina coeli, mortal sins, commandents of god and of the catholic church, how to confes and catechism
Nuestra Senora de Rosario- 2nd book by Fr. Blancas de san Jose in 1602. contains biographies of saints, novena and questions and answers on religion
Theaters- Komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela
p.s. proceed to pg. 31 – “May Bagyo Ma’t May Rilim” discuss the excerpt.
Mi Ultimo Adios- considered to be his poetic masterpiece. written when he was incarcerated at fort Santiago
OtIotF- essay on the so-called Filipino indolence and evaluation of the reasons for such allegations
To the Filipino Youth – dedicated to he Filipino youth studying at UST
Junto Al Pasig – written when he was 14yrs old
Pag-ibig sa timubuang lupa – translated from rizals Amor Patria
Kaiingat Kayo – humorous and sarcastic dig to Fr Jose Rodriguez in the novel Noli of Rizal
Dasalan at tocsohan – similar to catechism but sarcastically done against parish priest
SsEsHnP- poem in answer to that of Hermeigildo Flores’ Hibik sa Pilipina
Fray Botod- in Hiligaynon. About a pot bellied, abusive, immoral friar
LHDFandEiH – Jaena explains the tragedy of marrying a Spaniard
Sampaguita and Varied Poems- Collection of His Poems
Huling paalam – translaton of rizals mi ultimo adios
Kartilya – primer book of katipunan
Liwanag – collection of essays
A La Patria – his Masterpiece
El Verdadero- his masterpiece, aim was to propagate the spirit of nationalism
Start Discussion Of “Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na Si Urbana at Felia” on pg. 31 of the workbook then proceed to exercise:
Ask for Reaction on Urbana’s advice to Feliza. Any advice you think is no longer applicable?
Ladino – first tagalog versifiers who so print, natives who were higly literate in both Spanish and vernacular such as Fernando Bagongbata and Tomas Pinpin
Proceed to Lesson 2 on pg. 32, discuss the excerpt from the poetry
p.s. think of activities. Try to make the class be more interactive