Drama is a specific mode of fiction represented in performance that involves communication between actors and spectators. It uses action and speech to tell a story through individuals or groups acting with their bodies and minds. Three major forms of traditional Asian drama are discussed: Chinese drama (Vun Pan Shi, Sin Pan Shi, Vun Min Shi), Japanese drama (Noh plays, Joruri puppet plays, and Kabuki drama), and early forms of Philippine drama like duplo and karagatan debates. Modern Philippine drama was rejuvenated by groups like Repertory Philippines, and the country's film industry began with movies like Dalagang Bukid in 1919.

2. What is DRAMA?
 Drama comes from Greek words meaning “to
do” or “to act”
 Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented
in performance.
 It is essentially social and involves contact,
communication and the negotiation of meaning.

3. What is DRAMA?
 Drama needs an individual or a group of people
who use themselves – their bodies and their minds
– through action and offers through speech to tell a
story.
 It is a social encounter in a special place and in a
special time. The actors and the spectators move
between real time and imaginary time, from
existential reality to dramatic reality.

4. Chinese
Drama

5. Chinese Drama
1. Vun Pan Shi
 The oldest form, focuses on patriotism and filial
devotion.
 Music and action are meant to play on the
audience's emotion.

6. Chinese Drama
2. Sin Pan Shi
 This play presents civil and military conditions.
 It differs from the Vun Pan Shi in the manner of
singing certain roles and in the acting.

7. Chinese Drama
3. Vun Min Shi
 The modern play
 Colloquial dialects are allowed instead of
Mandarin.

8. Japanese
Drama

9. Japanese Drama
1. Noh Play
 The oldest Japanese drama. Developed in the
1300s, it reached its present form in the 1600s.
 They are poetic treatments of history, legends,
love and war stories, influenced by Buddhism and
Shintoism.

10. Japanese Drama
1. Noh Play
 Shorter than Western plays and undramatic.
Preformed by masked actors.
 2 types: The Dramatic and Dream Noh
 Dream Noh is rich in symbolic and poetic beauty.

11. Japanese Drama
1. Noh Play
 Although roughly 1000 plays were written, only
about 250 plays are used today.
 Hagoromo is one of the most performed Noh
plays

12. Japanese Drama

13. Japanese Drama
2. Joruri Play
 A puppet drama. The puppets are extremely
complex.
 The puppeteers are often visible on stage.
 Founded 1864 in Osaka.
 The most popular subject for these plays was
the lovers' double suicide.

14. Japanese Drama
2. Joruri Play
 The puppets height range from 2 ½ to 4 feet tall.
The mouth, tongue, eyelids, etc. can be manipulated
and some can even transform into a demon's face.

15. Japanese Drama

16. Japanese Drama
3. Kabuki Drama
 The most popular form of traditional Japanese
Drama.
 Originated at the end of the 16th century.
 It is much more extravagant than the Noh plays.

17. Japanese Drama
3. Kabuki Drama
 Focuses on the visual aspects of theater:
heavy makeup, exaggerated acting, and special
effects.

18. Japanese Drama

19. History of
Philippine
Drama

20. Early forms of the Philippine
Drama:
 Duplo
 It was a poetical debate held by trained men and
women in the ninth night, the last night of the
mourning period for the dead.
 The male participants, bellacos , are the heads of
the game.

21. Early forms of the Philippine
Drama:
 Karagatan
 It was also a poetical debate like duplo, but its
participants were amateurs.
 The theme was all about a ring that fell into the
sea.

22. Early forms of the Philippine
Drama:
 1598- The first recorded drama was staged
in Cebu. It was a Comedia written by Vicente
Puche and was performed in honor of Msgr.
Pedro de Agurto, Cebu’s first bishop.

23. Early forms of the Philippine
Drama:
 1609- Eleven year after, another stage play
portraying The Life of Santa Barbara was
staged in Bicol.

24. Three Plays And Two Street
Dramas That Became Popular
During Spanish Era:

25. 1. Cenakulo
 It is a very heavy drama shown in relation to the
life sacrifices and death f Jesus Christ.
 It is like a passion play presented and celebrated
during the month of March or April, depending upon
the exact date of the Holy Week.

26. 1. Cenakulo
 Two kinds of presenting Cenakulo :
Ablada – oral
Kantada – song

27. Cenakulo

28. 2. Moro-Moro
 It is a cloak-and-dagger play depicting the wars
between the Christians and the Muslims, with the
Christians always on the winning side.
 The first Moro-Moro was written by Fr. Jeronimo
Perez and was staged in manila in 1637, to
commemorate Governor General Consueras’ victory
over the Muslims of Mindanao.

29. 2. Moro-Moro
Consueras’ victory over the Muslims of Mindanao.
 Since then, it has become the favorite play of the
people, especially during the town festivals.

30. Moro-Moro

31. 3. Zarzuela
 It is a melodrama with songs and dances that
have a three-in-one-act play.
 It is intended to make the mass feeling towards
love, fear, grief, sorrow or any emotional reactions
sublime. It sometimes shows the political and social
conditions of our country.

32. 3. Zarzuela
 Jose Rizal wrote a zarzuela entitled Junto Al Pasig
(Beside the Pasig). It was staged at the Ateneo de
Manila on December 8, 1880 on the occasion of the
celebration of the Feast Day of the Immaculate
Conception, patron saint of the college.

33. Zarzuela
Walang Sugat

34. 4. Moriones
 Morion festivals are a Lenten ritual that is as
colorful as it is unique.
 It is celebrated every Holy Week in Marinduque,
an island at the southern end of Luzon, particularly
in the towns of Boac, Gasan, and Mogpog.

35. 4. Moriones
 Morion means mask or visor which is the top part
of the medieval Roman armor covering the face. It is
this mask carved from dapdap wood that is the focal
point of the Moriones celebration.
 The climax of the festival is the pugutan
ceremony held at noon of Easter Sunday.

36. Moriones

37. 5. Ati-Atihan
 It is a pagan ritual which has become an annual
affair that the natives look forward to with great
expectation.
 It is the most extravagant fiesta in the Philippines
celebrated in Kalibo, Aklan, and every third Sunday
of January in honor of the Infant Jesus.

38. Ati-Atihan

39. Modern
Philippine
Drama

40. The Modern Philippine Drama/stage play was
rejuvenated upon the establishment of the
Repertory Philippines on June of 1967 which was
founded by Zeneida “Bibot” Amador and Baby
Barredo.
 In its years of existence, Repertory Philippines
has become the country’s leading theater company,
keeping abreast of new materials and demanding
outstanding performances from its extraordinary
talents.

41. Alice in Wonderland
Repertory Philippines 2013

42. Pinocchio
Repertory Philippines 2014

43. Do You Know That?
A world-wide show (A Dramatic Entertainment) ,
Miss Saigon , which was produced by Cameron
Mackintosh of England whose company received a
Queen’s award for Export Achievement was staged
in the Cultural Center of the Philippines in March
2001.

44. Do You Know That?
 As to casting, the producers unanimously felt that
they needed Asian voices that could sing Western
music. And this world-wide search took them to 10
countries including the Philippines where they
found the majority of their original London cast.

45. Do You Know That?
It is here that
Miss Lea
Salonga of the
Philippines
became the first
star of the
show. (Bilang
Kim)

46. The Cinema

47. Cinema
 The cinema or motion picture is one of the most
popular forms of art and entertainment in the
Philippines.
 Philippine motion picture is also source of
information as well as of entertainment. It can
introduce us to new ideas and help us explore
serious social issues.

48. Cinema
 Students, industries and our government uses it
for educational, to advertise their products and to
inform and influence the Filipino and people from
other countries.
 It is an art form that has been called “a wild
combination of art, culture, commerce, and
technology.”

49. Cinema
 The film extensively makes use of sound and
light. It has its intellectual, imaginative, and technical
aspects.
 The introduction of the first moving pictures to
the country on January 1, 1897 at the Salón de
Pertierra in Manila.

50. Cinema
 Dalagang Bukid (1919), a movie based on a
popular musical play, was the first Filipino movie
made and shown by Filipino filmmaker José
Nepomuceno. Dubbed as the "Father of Philippine
Cinema", his work marked the start of cinema as an
art form in the Philippines.

51. Dalagang Bukid

52. Elements of
Philippine
Motion Picture

53. 1. Music and Musical Director
 During the era of silent movies, every cinema
house employed musicians who played music that
suited the tempo and varying moods of the scenes as
they were projected on the screen while others used
phonograph records for economy.

54. 1. Music and Musical Director
 The musician required to see the pictures and
make musical arrangements that suited the tempo
and moods on different scenes.
 The musical director, in charge of the music,
composed new songs and wrote their orchestration,
repaired background music, created music scores,
and supervised all recording and re-recording.

55. 2. Make-Up, Coiffeur, and Costumes
 Make-up consists of the sticky substances, which
are applied on the face of the actors before facing
the camera.
 The hair of the actress should suit the part she
place in the picture.

56. 2. Make-Up, Coiffeur, and Costumes
 Before, the actors were required to furnish their
own attire. However, if they did not have particular
attire or suit which the script required, the producer
supplied them at his own expense.

57. 3. Acting and the Stars
 Acting is the art of portraying or impersonating a
character.
 A performer should forget his own personality
and live the life of the character his portraying.

58. 3. Acting and the Stars
 Costumes, hair, make-up, body movement,
mannerisms, and way of speaking, expression of the
eyes and other parts of the face, the gesture of the
hand are the factors that help the performers in
perfecting the role he is portraying.

59. 3. Color in the Movies
 Color is the latest innovation in cinematography.
 Color in local movies was attempted in 1941 by
LVN Pictures Inc. in Ibong Adarna. LVN Pictures Inc
was the first to introduce color in local movies.

60. 4. Color in the Movies
 Today, LVN color film laboratory is considered
the best in the Far East. Color films and their
processing cost twice as much as the black and
white film.
 At present, all the local pictures are already in
color.

61. 4. Color in the Movies
 Today, LVN color film laboratory is considered
the best in the Far East. Color films and their
processing cost twice as much as the black and
white film.
 At present, all the local pictures are already in
color.

62. 5. Set and Art Director
 Beautiful setting gives beauty to the pictures and
pleases the eye.
 Art directors should know the natural setting and
build artificial sets. They should get the inspiration
from liberal producers and disappoint the stingy
ones.

63. 5. Sounds, Cameras and Technicians
 Technicians exert efforts in making the dialogue
clear and music of fine quality.
 Recording is the process where an orchestra
playing the music or song is being recorded in the
sound track by the recording apparatus.

64. 5. Sounds, Cameras and Technicians
 Playback is the method employed when an
actress or actor borrows the voice of another.
 Camera man is responsible for exact framing and
also decides the use of masking, the choice of lens,
the camera angle and the control of camera
movements.