Ciphered Numeration System on Lattice MultiplicationA. Wri.docx

Ciphered Numeration System on Lattice Multiplication
A. Write a brief research report of at least 200 words on the
topic with at least twocitations. 45 points
B. Create a visual presentation (PowerPoint, Prezi, Video,
Photograph, Art Work, Audio (if music), etc. 45 points
MGF 1107 Project and Presentation Information and Rubric
Project/Presentation:100 points
C. Pick one of the following topics.
1. Create your own ciphered number system; Show how to add
and subtract in your number system. (Section 4.1)
2. A topic generally associated with sequences is series.
Research series and explain what a series is and how it differs
from a sequence. Also write a formal definition of series. Give
examples of different kinds of series. (Section 5.7)
3. Facebook FriendsRead the Recreational Mathematics box
onpage 855. Belinda, Dennis, Jeff, Kristie, Lucy, and Mike are
all on Facebook. The following pairs of people are friends:
Belinda and Dennis, Belinda and Kristie, Belinda and Lucy,
Dennis and Kristie, Dennis and Lucy, Dennis and Mike, Jeff and
Lucy, Kristie and Lucy, and Kristie and Mike. Represent the
friendships with a graph. (Section
14.1)
4. Awards’ Methods Research how voting is conducted on the
following events (Chp 15) :
a) Academy Awards
b) Grammy Awards
c) Heisman Trophy Award
d) Nobel Prizes

e) Pulitzer Prize
5. Buying a home with a mortgage (Section 11.5)
6. Saving for Retirement (Section 11.6)
7. Tessellations of M. C. Escher (Section 9.5)
8. Make a doughnut out of clay/Play dough. Reform into the
topologically equivalent figure, a cup with a handle. (Section
9.6)
9. Create an original piece of art or music using fractal
geometry (iteration) (Section 9.7)
10. Read the Recreational Mathematics box on pg. 855 in your
textbook. The following people are on Facebook: Belinda,
Dennis, Jeff, Kristie, Lucy, and Mike. The following pairs are
friends: Belinda and Dennis, Belinda and Kristie, Belinda and
Lucy, Dennis and Kristie, Dennis and Lucy, Dennis and Mike,
Jeff and Lucy, Kristie and Lucy, and Kristie and Mike.
Represent the friendships with a graph (Section 4.1)
11. Art using the Golden Ratio/Golden Rectangle/Fibonacci
sequences. (Chp 5, 9)
D. Write a brief research report of at least 200 words on the
topic with at least twocitations. 45 points
E. Create a visual presentation (PowerPoint, Prezi, Video,
Photograph, Art Work, Audio (if music), etc. 45 points
F. Post report on the Discussion Board.
G. Post the presentation as an attachment to the Discussion
Board in Blackboard.
H. Respond to at least 5 classmates’ presentations. 10 points Do
not plagiarize!
See Blackboard under Resources for links to help you with
writing assistance, in-text reference citing,reference formatting,
grammar, etc.
Criteria
Exceed Expectations
Meets Expectations
Developing

Beginning
Not Acceptable
Content
18-20 points points
Response to the assigned topic thorough, well written, and well
presented; opinions always supported with facts.
15-17 points
Response thoughtful and fairly well written and presented; most
opinions supported with facts.
10-14 points Response adequately addresses some aspects of the
assigned topic; opinions sometimes based on incorrect
information.
3-9 points
Response consists of unsupported opinions, only marginally
related to the topic.
0–2 points Has no thesis and has inadequate irrelevant support.
Writing
Mechanics (Grammar, spelling, word choice, word usage, etc.)
11-15 points points Spelling and grammar are correct; complete
sentences and are used. Word choice and usage enhance the
clarity and effectiveness of the communication.
7-10 points
1-2 spelling and /or grammar mistakes are evident.
Complete sentences are used. Word choice and usage seldom
interfere with the clarity and effectiveness of the
communication.
5-6 points
3-5 spelling and /or grammar mistakes are evident. Some
incomplete sentences are used. Word choice and usage
sometimes interfere with the clarity and effectiveness of the
communication.
3-4 points
More than 5 spelling and /or grammar mistakes are evident.
Incomplete sentences are used. Word choice and usage interfere
with the clarity and effectiveness of the communication.

0–2 points
Spelling and /or grammar mistakes make the submission
unreadable-or Word choice and usage seriously interferes with
the clarity and effectiveness of the communication.
Documentation
9-10 points points
Proper citations are effectively used where required.
8-7 points
Proper citations are used where required.
5-6 points
Citations are used where required, yet perhaps with some
formatting errors.
3-4 points Citations where required, are attempted but
inaccurate.
0–2 points
Entry is plagiarized with no required citation or documentation.
Total Possible: 45 points
Audio/
Visual Quality of
Presentation
20-25 points All materials used are high quality products, very
easy to see and hear, and helped audience understand the
content. Layout is
14-19 points
Most materials used were quality products, easy to see and hear.
Layout used most space appropriately.
8-13 points Some materials used were of low
quality. Layout shows some structure.
7 - 4 points

Materials detracted from content or purpose of presentation or
were of low quality. Layout is cluttered and confusing.
0-3 points Limited or no quality materials used in the
presentation. No layout present.
Rubrics
Research Report-45 points
Presentation-45 points
visually pleasing.
Organization,
Completeness,
Grammar
9-10 points points
Demonstrates organized and sophisticated structure; completed
all the assignment as per directions
8-7 points
Demonstrates an effective structure; completed most of the
assignment as per directions
5-6 points
Demonstrates an adequate structure; completed some of the
assignment as per directions
3-4 points
Demonstrates an inconsistent structure; missing most of the
components of the assignment as per directions;.
0–2 points
Demonstrates no discernible structure; lacks major components
of the assignment as per directions;
Documentation (pictures and
images must be

cited.)
9-10 points points
Proper citations are effectively used where required.
8-7 points
Proper citations are used where required.
5-6 points
Citations are used where required, yet perhaps with some
formatting errors.
3-4 points Citations where required, are attempted but
inaccurate.
0–2 points
Entry is plagiarized with no required citation or documentation.
Responses to Classmates
8-10 points Response to 5 classmates with thoughtful comments
of at least three sentences.
6-9 points Response to 4 classmates with thoughtful comments
3 – 5 points Response to 3 classmates with thoughtful comments
2 – 3 points Response to 2 classmates with thoughtful comments
0-1 points Response to 0-1 classmates with thoughtful
comments of at least three sentences.
Classmate responses-10 points

Running Head: MERGER, ACQUISTION, AND
INTERNATIONAL STRATGIES
MERGER, ACQUISTION, AND INTERNATIONAL
STRATGIES 9
Merger, Acquisition, And International Strategies
KaToya Jones
Dr. Wanda Tillman
Business Administration Capstone
February 25, 2018
Companies engage in merger and acquisition as a way of them
having the market power. Market power has many advantages to
the firms, and it can make firms to control price and the
quantity produced in the market. However, it is not automatic
that when two companies merge they increase their market
power. Most of them face other challenges when merging and
they also face other risks that can make them more efficient.
Other factors that can also ensure companies do not increase
their market power is when there are no barriers to entry of

other players in the industry. This will ensure there are no cases
of monopoly as result of increased market power (Stiglitz &
Rosengard, 2015). Therefore, this essay is going to use General
Electric Organization and Heinz corporation which has acquired
other smaller companies such as Beech-Nut.
General Electric Organization’s vision and mission statement
are tailored in a way that can propel the business to industrial
development. The vision of the company is to be the world’s
leading digital company in the competitive industry. Achieving
this requires the company to transform the industry with a
software-defined solution which is responsive, connected, and
predictive. Subsequently, the customer benefit from the
company can execute critical outcomes for them. The mission
statement furthers echoes the aspiration of the company to be
the major influencer in the industry. It is quite evident from the
mission statement that the company aims at inventing and
introducing new technologies that can significantly contribute
to industrial progress. The main purpose of General Electric
Organization is to be the leader in their line of business by
doing what has not yet be done. They act as the pacesetter in
their industry as they are ready to take risks of moving forward.
The company has dedicated its resources to research and
development because it is the only that they can stay ahead of
their com The General Electric organization structure can be
described as the multidivisional organizational structure. In this
arrangement, the organization’s management focus is on
supporting separate but interconnected departments and
operation in different industries. For instance, each of the
company’s divisions has a group of officers to execute policies
that suit corresponding industries and markets that include the
aerospace market and electric lighting market. Doing this
enables effective optimization of General Electric
diversification and solving specific challenges that emerge in
the industry.
Heinz Corporation and Beech-Nut entered into a merger
agreement where Heinz was to acquire Beech-Nut’s voting

securities at $185 million. Both companies are in the food
industry and have their markets shares. Heinz Corporation and
Beech-Nut have market shares of 17.4% and 15.1% respectively.
The merger was expected to boost their market share and make
one company that can become a giant player in the food
industry thus competing favorably with Gerber Product
Company. However, merging the two companies do not
automatically leads to efficiency. If there are no barriers to
entry or exit, then other players will interfere with the market
(Stiglitz & Rosengard, 2015).
Mergers and acquisition have become common in the business
world just like the Heinz’s case. However, these new trends in
business do not always undergo a smooth transition due to new
emerging challenges. Primarily, most businesses engage in joint
venture or acquisition to create value by acquiring new markets,
products, or technology. More importantly, creating economies
of scale is the core reason for these new practices and
establishing the global presence. On the other hand, cultural
differences usually make things hard when it comes to
management of such entities. This problem has led to the
collapse of some global mergers that have taken place as it
becomes extremely difficult to incorporate the different culture
of the companies (Stiglitz & Rosengard, 2015).
The profit margin for Heinz companies is dropping because of
the increased spending on salaries and operating costs. The
revenue has remained the same whereas the operating cost has
risen due to the incentives that the corporation has to offer to
the retailers and customers for them to compete favorably with
Gerber. In some cases, the company has to offer a discount to
match with their main competitor. As the two corporations
increase their market share, the operating cost also increases as
the retailers distributing the products must be paid first. The
company has failed to control costs because it has no brand
loyalty like Gerber which is a giant player. The fixed cost by
Heinz and Beech-Nut to promote their products as a way of
enticing the customers has made it difficult for the company to

control cost. Additionally, the company must pay the retailers
for their product to be properly displayed on the shelves and
also get a display. Consequently, this increases the operating
cost of the two companies which are about to merge.
Unfortunately, they must incur this cost for them to survive in
the market. The high cost operating is one of the major threats
to this new venture (Stiglitz & Rosengard, 2015).
The prices are not properly determined because Heinz does
not price against each other. Both companies do not engage in
the price competition something that is important in any market.
More so, fixed trade spending which comprises pay to stay and
slotting fees and other payments to the retailer meant to ensure
that the product gets desired display and shelf space does not
affect the prices. This is clear indication that prices are not
determined in the market. Competition is inevitable in today’s
business world. It is important for a business organization to
come up with ways to which it can have the competitive
advantage for to have an edge. Information about the trends and
preferences of consumers is the most important data that can be
used by the business
The three main characters of the General Electric corporate
structure are business-type division, geographical division, and
organizational-wide corporate teams. In the business type
division, each subsidiary of the company is considered as
operating segment which is a representation of the businesses
that the company engages. This primary characteristic helps in
prioritizing the needs of the business depending on the market
condition. There is also the wide corporate team which is
charged with the mandate of implementing the strategies of the
whole organization. This helps in making every department or
division to be tied to one goal. It is essential to note that
corporate teams are a secondary feature in the structure since
business-type division is the one that plays a leading role in
implementing strategies of the company. Lastly, the geographic
division as part of the company’s structure is used in reporting
and analyzing business data. In this context, the geographical

differences in various markets are put into consideration. For
instance, all the General electric’s segments such as the
Renewable Energy Segment and Power Segment normally use
the same geographic division in organizing business data.
However, the geographical division influences minor
managerial decision-making in the organization. It is useful in
inventory management and location strategy.
General electric company has managed to diversify in the
market. The product mix provided by the company provided the
much-needed high-quality products that deliver a rare
experience to the customers in the market. The product mixes
for the company are appliances for business, aviation, energy
connections, lighting for business, consumer electronics and
digital energy modernization. Moreover, the company has also
ventured into oil and gas, mining, personal healthcare, and
mining. This range of products and services show how the
General electric has broadened their horizon in the market. The
company target customers in different industries that include
oil, gas, and energy, electric aerospace and other industries that
have been mentioned. This shows that the company’s market
mix must respond to different market conditions. The market
changes and trends also play a critical role in the company’s
success in the industry.
General Electric has also gone a notch higher to employ direct
marketing as the core tactic of promoting the products and
services to the targeted market. The direct marketing as
exploited by GE is used to promote digital services and
products to practitioners in the health industry and other
organizations that need the same services. Moreover, the
company has also successfully managed to market directly its
aviation products to many airline companies across the world.
On the other hand, General Electric advertises the consumer
appliances products which are under Lighting Operating
Segment. Therefore, the company multiple customers who
benefit from many products that it offers. They are not limited
to one industry like other companies which may either in the

food industry or aviation industry (Drucker, 2017).
Competition is inevitable in any business world, and such
companies should strive to have some competitive advantages.
For General Electric Organization, their competition is much
stiffer than anyone would expect because they deal with
different industries. Consequently, this makes them face
competition from players in different industries. Competitors of
the company include investment banks, commercial banks,
leasing companies and financial institutions that deal with the
manufacturers. Excellence in design, technological competence
and innovation, competitive pricing and high product quality
and performance are the critical factors that play a leading role
in the competitive market. One of the competitors for the
competitor for General Electric company is the Siemens which
is also a diversified and successful company. Both companies
have structural similarities on the way they manage their
inventories in the market. However, General electric has tried to
differentiate itself and provide a unique experience in the
market. The company has managed to stay one step ahead in the
market by constantly innovating and bringing new products.
This forces Siemens to respond to the innovation. Subsequently,
Siemens only counters the General Electric as opposed to
playing a leading role in the industry. Considering that both
companies deal with technology, innovation is the only way that
an organization can have the upper hand in the industry. Hence
there are higher chances that in 10 years to come General
Electric Company would have outsold Siemens (Drucker, 2017).
General Electric Company strives to be the leading innovator in
their industry. The company is dedicated to ensuring that they
update the standard of their products and services to their
consumers using the latest available technology. This explains
why the company invests massive resources inventions and
innovation as they are aware that their competitors are also
looking for ways to edge them out of the market. For instance,
the company sets aside $300 million to support the innovation
and invention in the company.

The General Electric Company has put great emphasis in
pushing the limits of science and technology. As captured in
their mission, being industrial leaders by using the latest
technology is one of their major aspirations. The products
provided by the company are aimed at solving some of the
toughest challenges that exist in today’s world. The drivers
behind this mission are the Global Research Centers where
teams of well-qualified personnel have been given the necessary
resources to achieve the desired. For instance, since the year
2001, the revenue allocated for research and development has
doubled to reach approximately $4.9 billion by the year 2017.
The researchers in the station engage with the business partners,
suppliers, and customers in providing a real-time solution to the
existing problem. The R & D development has been effective as
the company managed to reduce the cost generator insulation
for their clients by 30 percent (Drucker, 2017). The consumers
benefitted from the low cost of the products and services.
References
Drucker, P. F. (2017). The Theory of the Business (Harvard
Business Review Classics). HarvardBusiness Press.
Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (2015). The wisdom of
teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard
Business Review Press.
Stiglitz, J.E., & Rosengard, J.K (2015). Economics of the Public
Sector: Fourth International Student Edition, New York W.

W, Nortion & Company.
Running head: TWITTER’S BUSINESS-LEVEL AND
CORPORATE-LEVEL 1
TWITTER’S BUSINESS-LEVEL AND CORPORATE-LEVEL
8
Twitter’s Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies
KaToya Jones
Dr. Wanda Tillman
Februray 12, 2018
Twitter’s Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies
Twitter Inc., just like any other organization, has an
overarching goal; to create a return for shareholders through
earning a profit. In order to attain this, the organization tries to
do everything right to attain better performance in the market.
The business-level strategy of Twitter is employed to sell its
products and services at a profit and attain a good customer
base. Corporate-level strategy, on the other hand, is used to
determine what business units to purchase or sell and to make
the decision on how to integrate operations and determine
synergies between them.
Business-level strategy
Twitter’s business-level strategy is directed towards
differentiation. Recently, a new business-level marketing

strategy was rolled out by the organization. The strategy had a
video explaining what the organization stands for. The video
was designed in a way meant to distinguish that company from
other social media platforms. This effort is attributed to the
research of the organization.
The company is doing everything possible to change the
perception of Twitter among the public. The perception to be
changed is that from being a social network enabling users to
connect with friends and family to become "go to" place for
every news update. In fact, the effort of the organization is
meant to position itself as a unique platform that will have news
ranging from local updates to big events together with access to
live commentary. The management of Twitter believes that
being unique in the market is the best way through which the
organization will be able to grow its customer base (Business
Grow, 2014).
Furthermore, a new marketing campaign on Twitter shows
that its platform can be used for various reasons, such as
answering questions relating to what is taking place in different
corners of the world. This is a clear indication that the company
is trying to position itself as a news platform. It is trying to
differentiate itself from other social media platform
organizations.
In addition, the organization is trying to lead towards a
controversial new path. There has been a strategy shift, where
the organization is now planning to offer algorithm-driven
curation of feeds. This is driven towards enhancing relevance
for its users. As a result of this, the organization will begin
determining what people see on their timelines with regards to
what is trending or what the company thinks a person would
like to see.
Throughout the past, the management of Twitter has signaled
many big changes. This is a move informing stakeholders of the
organization to be prepared for new things that are on the way.
Some of the changes that are to be introduced are meant to
counter increased pressure the company is facing from Wall

Street related to increasing the number of users. Compared to
Facebook and other platforms, users love the idea that Twitter is
unfiltered. People can filter streams by themselves and also
control the flow of information their own way through different
apps, such as Twitter Lists and other third party platforms like
Hoossuite.
Also, the strategy will make a Twitter’s platform to be more
appealing and accessible to users. This move will attract new
users and retain the current ones. In fact, the core point of
differentiation in the market will be increased by this move.
The increased level of differentiation is important for strong
user growth. The valuation of the organization will increase due
to user growth. "As per our estimates, Twitter's U.S. average
monthly active users will increase moderately from around 66
million in 2016 to nearly 78 million by the end of our forecast
period" (Business Grow, 2014, par. 5). In the international
market, the number is expected to go up from 250 million to
315 million by the end of the period forecasted.
Therefore, the business-level strategies adopted by the
organization are excellent since they will increase the level of
differentiation in the market. Increased level of differentiation
will ensure the needs and wants of customers are satisfied.
Unique products and services will also attract new users. The
outcome of all these will be an increase in profit for the
organization and better returns for shareholders.
Corporate-level strategy
The organization has a program termed as the international
expansion of the Twitter certified program. This program was
introduced to partner the company with other leading services
and products, which assist businesses to thrive on Twitter.
Through partnering with other leading organizations, the
company is able to expand its reach, products, and accessibility.
Already, there are a number of organizations added to the
program. All the organizations are first international class.
Twitter is a global platform already. About 77 percent of
company users are in different parts of the world, that is,

outside the United States (Shah, 2016). Also, the usage of
Twitte is increasing in other regions. Indeed, the demand for the
company’s products is increasing since individuals need to
connect with the international audience have also increased. It
is the hope of the organization that partnering with these new
organization will increase brand of Twitter around the world.
The brand will increase with reach and measurement, customer
engagement, ad management, and content curation tools.
Spanning India, Latin America, and Europe, there are some of
the Twitter certified partners. The first partner is
controversocial. This is a cloud solution that makes it possible
for an organization to provide customer services over social
media on a large scale. The second partner is SocialBro. This is
a marketing platform that provides tools to examine and act on
Twitter data with the goal of engaging, growing, and monetizing
the audience.
Additionally, there is Socialmetrix, which assists brands to get
to know consumer opinions and sentiment. It also gives
actionable insights regarding day-to-day activities. The fourth
partner is Talkwalker. Talkwalker provides powerful and easy
to use monitoring engine, analytics, and social search. Other
agencies and brands in the world are also using Talkwalker. The
fifth partner is Unmetric that works with leading agencies and
brands by assisting them to create benchmarks for their social
activities.
Consequently, Twitter has formed a deal with Telecom that will
improve its global growth strategy. This deal has led to the
launching of Twitte Access. This is a program formed in
partnership with telecom companies aimed at zero-rating the
micro-blogging services and subsidizing the data the company
demands. Most people using the platform, especially through
their phones, have been complaining of high data costs.
However, partnering with these telecom companies will enable
Twitter’s users to enjoy lower data costs.
Finally, the organization continues live-streaming expansion.
This is a new deal with Bloomberg. Bloomberg and Twitter

have partnered to live-stream many television programs of the
media company on the social network. Included in the
partnership is the right to three financial news shows. These are
the daily stock market coverage of the network, With All Due
Respect, and Bloomberg West, What’d You Miss?. This deal
shows how the organization is continuing with aggressive
expansion (Trefis Team, 2016). It now provides live video on
its flagship platform. Recently, the company got the social
media rights related to some of NFL Thursday Night Football
games. Moreover, the company also broadcasts many ESPN-
produced segments.
The expansion, aggression has made Twitter become one of the
fastest methods to know what is happening in different parts of
the world as well as on the financial markets. For instance,
partnering with Bloomberg will make it easy for people to view
live financial market performance together with live
commentary regarding underlying implications and drivers.
Competitive environment
Facebook and Twitter are dominant on the social media
platforms. Nevertheless, there is a pool of competitors that are
growing in number and size. This is an indication that the
market is very competitive. Other competitors growing are
Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat. These competitors are
growing very fast thanks to video and photo sharing (Allison,
2016).
Facebook tops the social media landscape. With many
different products and it has also acquired many competitors in
the market. Currently, Facebook owns four of the biggest
messaging and social media services. These are Messanger,
Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp.
Even with the big size of Facebook, Twitter has still managed to
remain unique in the market through providing differentiated
products. Trying to differentiate itself and making users aware
of what exactly it is offering has been the biggest effort of the
company.
Slow-cycle and fast-cycle market

A competitive advantage of a company in a slow-cycle market is
normally shielded from imitation. This is also seen when it
comes to a resource (Miranda-Agrippino & Rey, 2015).
Competitive pressure will not easily penetrate resources and
competitive advantage of a firm. In such a market, the cost of
imitation is high and the trend is seen for a long period. Twitter
comes second after Facebook in its market. However, its
competitive advantage comes from its increased level of
differentiation. The slow-cycle market makes this this
competitive advantage of the organization to be sustainable both
in short-term and long-term operations. It will be difficult for
competitors to imitate the unique products and services
produced by Twitter. This is because the company is shielded
from imitation. It will cost competitors high amounts to imitate
the strategy of the organization. This advantageous to Twitter
because it will continue with this competitive advantage and
continue being different from other competitors. Therefore,
product differentiation of Twitter will not differ in the slow-
cycle market. The company should continue making its product
different from those of competitors. This is important since, at
one time, it will be able to outdo its biggest competitor.
On the other hand, in a fast-cycle market, Twitter will not be
shielded from imitation. This means that its competitors will
easily copy what it is doing, that is, product differentiation. In
addition, imitation takes place very fast in the fast-cycle
market. The speed of imitation is enhanced by the fact that the
cost of imitation is not expensive. Therefore, in the fast-cycle
market, competitors will be able to perform what the company
is doing .
References
Allison, C. (2016). Twitter continues to struggle as Social
media competitors rise. Retrieved
from http://www.digitalspy.com/tech/news/a802893/latest-
figures-show-how-facebook-continues-to-kill-its-social-media-
competitors/

Business Grow. (2014). The Twitter strategy shift and what it
means to you and your business.
Retrieved from
https://www.businessesgrow.com/2014/09/08/twitter-strategy/
Miranda-Agrippino, S., & Rey, H. (2015). World asset markets
and the global financial cycle
(No. w21722). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Shah, S. (2016). Twitter continues live-streaming expansion
with Bloomberg news deal.
Retrieved from https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-
media/twitter-bloomberg-live-stream/
Trefis Team. (2016). Can Twitter's New Marketing Strategy
Drive User Growth?. Retrieved from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2016/07/26/can-
twitters-new-marketing-strategy-drive-user-
growth/#73a3abe762f3
Running head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND
COMPETITIVENESS 1
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS
9
External and Internal Environments of Twitter
KaToya Jones
Dr. Wanda Tillman
January 28, 2018

Segments of The General Environment That Would Rank
Highest in Their Influence of Twitter
Twitter, Inc just like all other business organizations have the
same general environment. The general environment consists of
the technological, economic, socio-cultural and political, and
legal trends that influence a business decision. The general the
environment is sometimes referred to as the Macro-economic
environment. The general environment consists of forces that
exist outside the organizational control, which has a potential to
either affects the organization positively or negatively. This
means that a company like Twitter has to keep constant watch
of such an environment for opportunities and threats. The aim
of general environment scanning is to help business
organizations in decision making and strategic formulation.
Technological factors are one of the factors that exists in the
general environment that affects Twitter as company. Twitter is
among the many companies that totally depends on technology
for people to use their services (Fitton, Gruen, & Poston, 2009).
Services of Twitter can only be accessed through devices such
as phones, and computers among other similar devices. This
means as a company they have to ensure that such devices that
are produces as capable of allowing access of Twitter services.
Twitter as a company also have an application through which
the services of the company can be accessed. These have
application is always in constant update to ensure it contains the
latest technologies to support. This means that the company has
to keep on checking on the latest technologies to ensure that it
stays in a market that is highly competitive.
Socio-cultural and political factors are also part of the factors
that exist in the general environment of Twitter as a company.
There are certain cultures that are in heavy use of the new

technological changes that are being experienced. There are also
other societies and cultures that are not much into technology.
Twitter as a company has keep on ensuring that these group that
is not much is technology such as use of social media is brought
on board to increase their market share of on the use of social
media. Politics, which also have close relationship with the
socio-cultural aspects of the society also affects the general
environment of a Twitter. Political campaigns have seen rise in
use of social media for such purpose. This means that during
political seasons in different countries the use of social media is
always increased. This means as a company such have to be
taken into consideration. The general environment is dynamic
and complex and strategic planning is needed to enable a
company such as Twitter adapt to such environmental changes.
Forces of Competition That Are Most Significant to Twitter
Porter in his Harvard Business Review article wrote,
“Understanding the competitive forces, and their underlying
causes reveals the roots of an industry’s current profitability
while providing a framework for and anticipating and
influencing competition over time” (Porter, 2008). The biggest
threat to a business such as Twitter is competition. There are
five forces of competition that exists and they include:
competitive rivalry, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining
power of customers, threat of new entrants, and threat of
substitute products or services.
Twitter is a social media platform that is used for various
purpose ranging for business communication, marketing and
social networking. There are also other companies such as
Facebook and Instagram that provides almost the same services.
Threat of substitute products or service as one of the forces is
one that can easily affect Twitter as company. It is very easy for
consumers of services of Twitter to switch form their services
to that of the competitors such as Facebook and Instagram. The
threats of substitutes are always informed by switching of costs,
both long-term and immediate, as well as a buyer’s inclination
to change. This means that Twitter has to offer their services in

a manner that it will be difficult for them to be substitute by the
consumers.
Competitive rivalry is another force of competition that affects
Twitter as a company. This force examines how intense the
competition is in the marketplace. This is determined by the
number of existing competitors and what each is capable of
doing. For example, a competition is considered to be high
when there are just a few businesses equally selling a product or
service, when the industry is growing and consumers can easily
switch to a competitor’s offering such services at a lower cost.
Competition rivalry affects advertising and price, which can
sometimes end up hurting a Twitter’s bottom line.
There are many things that Twitter as a company can do to
improve its ability to the threat of substitute products or
services. There are factors that brings about consumers
substituting products or services offered by a company to other
products or services from other companies. One of the factors is
the quality of products or services that are produced by the
company. Another factor is the aspect of price for the services
or products that are offered. This means that Twitter to help
avoid their services from being substitutes by those offered by
other companies such as Instagram and Facebook, they have to
improve on the quality of their services, which includes better
client services. The company will also have to look at their
prices when using such services. As there are a group of price
conscious consumers that will go for the service that is offered
at the cheapest price.
In regards to what Twitter, Inc can do to improve effects of
competitive rivalry, such are very many. Competition requires
that a company, in this case Twitter has to remain relevant or it
risk being ousted in the marketplace. One of the ways in which
the company can go about this force of competition is by
increasing their marketing and advertising activities to help
create more awareness. This helps the company to remain
relevant within the industry they operate in. Pricing is also
another factor that has to be taken into consideration when

competitive rivalry as a force of competition is being discussed.
The pricing should be done in a way in which the consumers can
switch to the rivals for similar services as prices in which the
consumers can consider fair and better compared to that of the
company.
Assessment of The External Threats Affecting Twitter and The
Opportunities Available
External threats of a company as those that arise from the
external environment. This are threats that the company has to
deal with by changing to adapt to such threats as they are not
within the control of the company. One of the external threats is
the legal changes that always happen in regards to the use of
social media by companies. As an external challenge Twitter
has only one option of responding to such an external threat.
That is by adjusting to meet the legal requirements as laid down
by the authorized body. Changes in legal requirements has
always acted as one of the greatest threats to social media
service provider companies like Twitter among others.
Responding to such changes promptly is very necessary as the
legal consequences of such failure is always severe to the extent
it can lead to the shutting down of such a business as Twitter.
Another external threat is the threat of a new entry into the
marketplace. Twitter as a company has no control of who enters
the marketplace and when they enter. People have the freedom
of coming up with companies to offer services and produce
products that already exists. New entries mean that they will
want to have a market share by taking a portion of the existing
market share of Twitter among other social media companies.
When are there are threats of new entrance in the market, the
greater the risk of a business’s market share being depleted
(Martin, 2017). It is essential that that a company like Twitter
puts up what are known to be barriers of entry so that threats of
new entrants are neutralized. Some of such barriers include
access to inputs, absolute cost advantages, economies of scale,
and creation of well-recognized brands.
Having a well-recognized brand for example, help create about

customer loyalty to the brand and cannot move to new
companies that are offering the same products even if the offers
are so good. Economies of scale ensures that the prices of the
services and products of a company is always keep low in what
cannot be substituted by the new entrant entry price. In most
case, when there is no big difference in pricing, they will
consider staying with the brands they are used to rather than
moving from one brand to another.
Opinion on Twitter’s Greatest Strengths and Most Significant
Weaknesses
There is undoubtedly an information overflow around Twitter
and its related services. However, just like other companies in
the marketplace, Twitter has strengths and weaknesses. Twitter
has many strengths that have made it to be where it is today.
One of the strength of Twitter is the fact that the company has a
strong brand name already. This helps the company to get tons
of publicity on a daily basis. Another strength of Twitter is the
fact that it provides authentication for other applications. There
has been an increase in fake things and people using other
peoples name to market themselves or engage in other
activities. The authentication aspect of Twitter makes it good
people who want ensure they use real and true things. Another
strength of Twitter is the fact that it has no ads. Ads is one
thing that is making use of social media platform boring.
Twitter has realized this and have ensured that there are no ads
to its services.
However, with many strengths that Twitter as a company has,
there are relatively good number of weaknesses that Twitter as
company has. One of such weakness is the fact that it is down
more often. There are times when its services cannot be access
because it is down. Another weakness is the aspect of unequal
distribution od tweets, as 10% of the tweets are coming from
the top 10% users of the services. Another weakness is the fact
that Twitter has a low retention rate, with such being at only
40%.
There are many things that the company can do to maintain their

strengths as mentioned above. One is by sticking to some of
their policies as long are such policies are still working. For
example, since the policy of no ads has turned out to be a
strength, such policy should be maintained to ensure that such a
strength of the company never goes away. Apart from
maintaining the strengths of the Twitter, it is also important that
it improves on its weaknesses to make the company even better
in providing of its services. One of the ways in can improves its
weakness is by increasing its horsepower, which will help avoid
situations when the company is down in terms of offering of
services. The company should also increase its retention rate
from 40% to a more reasonable figure owing to the success that
the company has had in regards to the services that it offers to
the public. The distribution of tweets is also another issue that
Twitter should look into to make it almost equal among its
users, to avoid some users having the feeling of being
discriminated.
Determination of The Company’s Resources, Capabilities, And
Core Competencies
Twitter can be said to be one the most successfully companies
since it was founded in 2006. One is the things that make it be
classified as one of the most successful companies is the kind of
resources that the company that helps it in provision of its
services. The company has hundreds of applications arounds its
API, that help to supplement and support the main service that
the company provides to the public. Other resources of the
Twitter as a company includes: Twitter logo, social icons, logo
pairing lockups, and tweet treatments. All this are used in the
betterment of the services of the company.
Apart from the resources that Twitter as company has, there are
also capabilities that the company has. One is the aspect that it
has the capability of creating the bluebird craze. With fakeness
being represented in all aspects of society, authenticity is one
that each and every individual looks for when purchasing or
looking for services. Twitter has the capability of providing
authentication for other applications. Twitter also allows for

microblogging as it is a thing on its own. There is almost no
competition for doing microblogging on Twitter. In fact,
bloggers nowadays engage more using Twitter that normal blogs
that are created as websites.
There are also key competencies that the company has. One is
that it is a social marketing tool. Marketing has been taken to
another level with the millennials being their main target owing
to the amount of time this group of generation spend on
technology. It allows for marketing by as business organizations
have accounts that help them market some of their products and
services. Another key competency of Twitter is the aspect of it
being able to allow businesses to communicate with their
customers. Communication with customers for business
organizations is very important for maintain good public
relations. Twitter can also be said to be a search engine as there
are certain searches that can be conducted through Twitter.
Analysis of The Company’s Value Chain to Determine Where
They Create Value Using Resources, Capabilities, And Core
Competencies of the Company
Value chain can be defined as a set of activities that a frim
operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a
valuable product or service to the market. The history of Twitter
is similar to other social or search sites like Google and
Facebook in that it was built for web but has matured into a
mobile product making use of contextual and real time functions
like geolocation, messaging and live events. Twitter has used
the “systems thinking” concept to understand how things, such
as animals, objects, and business among others, as part of the
system influence one another within a whole.
A good example, in understanding an eco-system like a
rainforest by analyzing the birds, plants, bugs, and weather
among others, in the forest and how they influence on each
other. In business, it is important to understand the value chain,
the actors in it and the influence they have on one another as
they to aspire to create value. For Twitter, the core parts of the
system, which is social media advertising are businesses and

consumers, social media platforms, third-party developers,
advertisers, and content. Twitter’s move to mobile was on the
black of creations by third-part developers. Since then however,
the pressure has been on the company to monetize and create
shareholder value from its platform. This has led to a strategy
of closing out parts of the system.
Twitter like other social media platforms have a privileged
asset. The company has unique understanding about its users’
identity. It knows what users like and what interest such users.
This is done by analyzing who they follow and what they tweet
about and this is very powerful. For other social media
platforms, this advantage is not there. For example, Facebook
only knows “who you are and who you know” and Google know
“what you are searching for and when”. This means that the
thing that Twitter valuable is its system and not the features on
the Twitter platform. It is the knowledge of its user base.
In particular, it is the Twitter identities and the understanding
that can be gleaned from how those identities are used and how
they interact that matters. With this knowledge and
understanding of user base, Twitter could play to win a much
more open approach o its system. Such an approach would make
Twitter the world largest social media advertiser, with no
advertising on its platform.
References
Fitton, L., Gruen, M. E., & Poston, L. (2009). Twitter for
Dummies. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing.
Martin, M. (2017, June 26). Porter's Five Forces: Analyzing the
Competition. Retrieved from Business News Daily:
https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5446-porters-five-
forces.html
Porter, M. E. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces that Shapes
Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 134-145.

Running head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND
STRATEGIC COMPETITIVENESS
6
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC
COMPETITIVENESS
Strategic Management and Strategic Cmpetitiveness
KaToya Jones
Dr. Wanda Tillman
January 14, 2018
Introduction
Strategic competitiveness is gained when an organization
successfully establishes as well as implements a value-creating
approach. In this perspective, strategy refers to a cohesive and
coordinated combination of commitments and also to mention
actions developed to exploit primary competencies in order to
gain a competitive advantage (Hitt, Ireland, & Artz, 1999). This
occurs when a firm implements a strategy unique from that of
competitors giving them leverage. As a result, the firm is able
to ensure above average returns and satisfy investor’s
expectations from other investments with a common likelihood
of risk. This paper will focus on Twitter, Inc to examine how
globalization and advancement in technology have impacted the
company. Further, applying the industrial organization model
and resource-based model I will explore how the company could
earn more profits, analyze how both the vision and the
statement of the company impact its overall triumph and lastly
investigate how Twitter’s stakeholders impact on the its overall
success.
How globalization and technology changed Twitter Inc.

The modern world is transforming into a time of technological
invention. Existence of new innovations on top of the available
technological resources is such a remarkable achievement. As it
improves, it as well spreads to other parts of the world. In this
case the global spread of innovations it avails vast connections
which consequently creates new markets across the world.
Focusing on social media, it is one of those tools that can easily
be exploited by those who are connected. Basically, as access is
gained on a larger scale, it avails multiple market opportunities
to those outsourcing ideas. In today’s world, the use of social
media has revolutionized out society. Basing this on real life
events various social media platforms have contributed to
activism. This, however, has been criticized by many but the
point is that social media is revolutionizing the world.
Therefore, there’s no doubt that the present as well as the future
transformation will still use social media. This is because social
media platforms capture considerable large audience within a
short period of time. In this case, the widespread of social
media platforms such as Twitter; the company growth cannot be
stopped.
Globalization and technology have contributed to the
consistent growth of the company. For instance, according to
Complete the micro-blogging sites recorded 23 million unique
users with an increased growth (Java et al, 2007, August). This
does not include the large number of people that do not visit
Twitter.com but instead use third party service to update.
Focusing on the trend the company hopes to have a consistent
growth in the future. In addition, the company has also gained
approval from multinational corporations. According to a report
by Mashable’s, twitter as a social media platform is used by
many corporations. Generally, the company has continued to
receive growth internationally as people are learning the value
of using Twitter.

How industrial organization model and the resource-based
model are used to increase the company returns
Before deciding which model would best be appropriate for
Twitter in order for them to earn high returns than expected, it
important to understand each model? Starting with the industrial
organizational model, it’s defined as a field of economic
concerned with the strategic behaviors if firms, market
competition, rules and regulations to name a few. The model is
much related to economic theory that focuses on price to
industries. Therefore, the whole idea is linked to understanding
methods by which a firm operates; improve government policy
in relation to these industries. Resource-based model, on the
other hand, is defined as a competitive advantage. As a result,
the model tends to focus on organizational internal resources,
the firm's strengths, weakness, in comparison to the
environmental structures of competitive benefits on
opportunities and threats. Therefore, after examining the two
models, I prefer the resource-based model because it could
allow twitter the greater chances to expand their returns and in
that regard gain, high returns because of its main concentration
on the corporation’s strengths as well as weaknesses.
How both the vision and mission statement of the company
influences its overall performance?
Both statements are critical elements of a corporation
organizational strategy. In most cases, most established
companies create organizational mission as well as vision
statements, which serve as a foundational guide to the
establishment of company goals and objectives. Before
assessing how these elements have influenced Twitter Inc, a
company mission serves as a guide to an organization’s decision
making (Ingenhoff, & Fuhrer, 2010). In this case stakeholders
(shareholders, leaders, and employees) are the target of the
mission. Vision, on the other hand, directs and gives the
corporation a clear perspective of its values. To give everyone
the power to create and share ideas and information, instantly,
without barriers is the company’s mission. I think Twitter’s

statement is a pretty good on the core purpose. A vision
statement should give people a clear picture of what the
company wants to be. Twitter’s vision is for it to become a
premiere micro-sharing platform. These two statements have
and will continue to be the reason for consistent growth for the
company because stakeholders are part of the inspiration that
the company seeks in the future. As a result of Twitter’s
employees remain loyal, while fostering an atmosphere of
success, as Twitter makes it known as their stakeholders
succeed, so does it.
How stakeholders impact the overall success of Twitter Inc
The success of any company is gifted by stakeholders. In this
case, success tends to come from a combination of two factors.
To begin with the ability of a company to deliver real value to
the stakeholders while the other one is the ability of
stakeholders recognizes the value and appreciates it (Hitt et al.,
1999). In addition, another important factor in achieving the
success of an organization is the meeting of the stakeholder’s
expectations. Twitter is owned by a few investors that supply a
firm’s capital. They expect Twitter to preserve growth the
health they have invested in the company. Satisfied stakeholders
reinvest back into the company, while others even invite other
new investors, while those who feel the company is not meeting
their expectations sell their stock. The company engaged
stakeholders in various ways because it believes that the path of
business sustainability is a process. Literally, experiences is
what makes up a journey, thus the company is promoting
sustainability through;
• Branding- the fundamental strategy of corporate
sustainability is how a company communicates with its
stakeholders. As an emerging role of social media, the company
is engaging stakeholders to share their broader corporate
responsibility agenda.

• Prospecting- by using the Twitter search function, it’s
possible to find prospective buyers and vice-versa with who you
can do deals, just to mention.
• Networking in today’s world, networking has evolved as an
important aspect of life. Using Twitter as a tool it is possible to
foster relationships.
References
Hitt, M., Ireland, R., & Artz, K. (1999). Strategic management
and strategic competitiveness. Strategic management:
competitiveness and globalization.
Pfeffer, J., & Veiga, J. F. (1999). Putting people first for
organizational success. The Academy of Management
Executive, 13(2), 37-48.
Ingenhoff, D., & Fuhrer, T. (2010). Positioning and
differentiation by using brand personality attributes: Do mission
and vision statements contribute to building a unique corporate
identity?. Corporate Communications: An International
Journal, 15(1), 83-101.
Java, A., Song, X., Finin, T., & Tseng, B. (2007, August). Why
we twitter: understanding microblogging usage and
communities. In Proceedings of the 9th WebKDD and 1st SNA-
KDD 2007 workshop on Web mining and social network
analysis (pp. 56-65). ACM.
Using your selected publicly traded corporation from
Assignments 1 – 4 and identify a corporation which you would
like to work or are currently working.
Research the corporation on its own Website, the public filings
on the Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR database
(http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml), in the University's online

databases, and any other sources you can find. The annual
report will often provide insights that can help address some of
these questions.
You will do a 15 minutes presentation to the Board of Directors
of the corporation. Develop an eight to twelve slide PowerPoint
presentation with speaker notes or record a video based upon
Assignments 1 through 4. You may choose to compare your
chosen corporation and to another corporation you would like to
work or currently working. You will make recommendations to
the Board of Directors based upon your analysis and decision on
why the corporation remains or is not a good fit for you.
Determine the impact of the company’s mission, vision, and
primary stakeholders on its overall success as a competitive
employer in the industry.
1. Create a SWOT analysis for the company to determine its
major strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
2. Based on the SWOT analysis, outline a strategy for the
company to capitalize on its strengths and opportunities, and
minimize its weaknesses and threats.
3. Discuss the various levels and types of strategies the firm
may use to maximize its competitiveness and profitability.
4. Outline a communications plan the company could use to
make the strategies you recommend above known to all
stakeholders.
5. Assess efforts by this corporation to be a responsible
(ethical) corporate citizen and determine the impact these
efforts (or lack thereof) have on the company’s bottom line.
Provide specific examples to support your response.
6. Use at least three (3) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and
other Websites do not quality as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size
12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow
APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for
any additional instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the

student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the
date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required page length.

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