វចនានុក្រមបច្ចេកទេស

sTÞanuRkmesdækic©
Economic Lexicon

PaKTI 1³ Gg;eKøs - Exµr
Part One: English – Khmer

PaKTI 2³ Exµr - Gg;eKøs
Part Two: Khmer – English

erobcMeday Epñke)aHBum<pSay én
viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa

viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa
Cambodia Development Resource Institute
PMñeBj/ tula 2006

Economic Lexicon

Copyright © 2006 Cambodia Development Resource Institute
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of the Cambodia
Development Resource Institute.

ISBN 99950-52-00-8

Cambodia Development Resource Institute
56 Street 315, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh
PO Box 622, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
(855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603 (855-23) 880-734
e-mail: cdri@camnet.com.kh website: http://www.cdri.org.kh

Editing: Publishing Team
Design and Layout: Em Sorany and Oum Chantha
Printed and bound in Cambodia by JSRC Printing House

Foreword

I am pleased to introduce a new edition of CDRI’s Economic Lexicon, an English-
Khmer and Khmer-English guide to technical terms in economics and related fields
such as accounting, banking, finance, and development. CDRI's recent experience
in publishing, and contributing to a range of publications, conferences, seminars
and workshops, has shown that there is a real need for such a resource to assist
stakeholders in Cambodia's development to use more standard and easily
understood terms in Khmer and English when writing about development issues.
Our new 2006-10 Strategic Plan includes a commitment to produce research
products that are more flexible and appropriate for Cambodia. This new edition of
the Economic Lexicon is an expression of that commitment. We hope that it will
help promote the expansion of development material originally written in Khmer,
and the quality of translation from English material into Khmer.

The lexicon is in two parts. Part 1: The English-Khmer Lexicon, is a revision and
expansion of the last edition published in 1995. Over the past 10 years there have
been many developments in technical language. This is especially true for the
Khmer language, where many new words have been created and many others have
changed their meaning or become more specific. Also, many more technical
Khmer documents are being produced by various institutions taking different
approaches to the use of language.

CDRI, like many other institutions, publishes technical and policy documents on a
wide range of development-related topics. Wherever possible, CDRI's editorial
team makes great efforts to use words that are already in use in official documents
and to refrain from creating new words. This is not always easy as official
documents may use different Khmer words to express the same meaning, so
choices have to be made as to what would be the most commonly understood word
or term. Sometimes a new word or term needs to be used for a new concept which
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does not yet have a specific translation in Khmer. Wherever possible a
combination of simple words is used to express any new idea or concept.

Part II, The Khmer-English Lexicon, is new. It has been compiled in response to
requests from many of our readers who may have some difficulty with Khmer
technical terms, especially new ones. Where there is no exact equivalent, this
lexicon provides the nearest translation. It does not contain a detailed explanation
for each word, and the reader is advised to use the English word to further research
its meaning. The reason the lexicon contains many headwords of Pali or Sanskrit
origin is that their meaning is not immediately obvious to the general public.
Wherever any one particular word is not very much in use, the reader is referred to
another word more frequently used or more readily understandable.

Extensive research and the opinions of many people have gone into the
compilation of this lexicon. CDRI would like to thank everyone who has
contributed to this final product. We hope this lexicon will serve as a tool to help
readers to make better use of both CDRI publications and the broader development
literature. We see the lexicon as a continuous ''work in progress' so would welcome
any comments or suggestion from readers to help improve and expand on the
current edition.

Larry Strange
Executive Director CDRI
October 2006

-ii-

buBVkfa

´manesckþIrIkraysUmENnaMbgðajCUnnUv sTÞanuRkmecjpSayfµIeday vbsG EdlCa
bNþúMBakübkERb Gg;eKøs-Exµr nig Exµr-Gg;eKøs kñúgvis½yCMnajbec©keTsCaeRcIn dUcCaxag
KNenyü FnaKar hirBaØvtßú nigkarGPivDÆn_CaedIm . bTBiesaFn_naeBlfµI²rbs; vbsG kñúgkar
e)aHBum<pSay nigkarcUlrYmeFVIGtßbTpSBVpSaysnñisIT sikçasala )anbgðajfa ÉksarEbbenH
mantMrUvkareRcIn sMrab;CYydl;mCÄdæanGñkBak;B½n§nwgkargarGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa kñúgkareRbIR)as;
BaküExµr nigGg;eKøs [)anÉkPaBKña niggayyl; enAeBlsresrGtßbTBIbBaðaGPivDÆn_ .
enAkñúgEpnkaryuT§saRsþ vbsG qñaM2006-10 manEcgBIkartaMgcitþksagplitplRsavRCavEdl
smRsbsMrab;RbeTskm<úCa . sTÞanuRkmenH KWCalT§plmYyénkartaMgcitþenH ehIysgÇwmfa nwg
GacCYyCMrujkarsresrGtßbTedIm CaPasaExµrEtmþg RBmTaMgCYybegáInKuNPaBkarbkERb
ÉksarGg;eKøsCaPasaExµr .
snÞanuRkmenHmanEbgEckecjCaBIrPaK . PaK1 KWCasnÞanuRkmGg;eKøs-Exµr EdlCa
ÉksarBRgIkbEnßm elIsnÞanuRkme)aHBum<pSayelIkTI2 eday vbsG enAqñaM1995 . kñúgry³eBl
10qñaMknøgmk BaküeBcn_bec©keTsmankarvivtþn_Evgq¶ayNas; . edayELkenAkñúgPasaExµr man
karbegáItBaküfµICaeRcIn nigmanBaküBImunCaeRcIneTotEdl)anERbRbYln½y rWk¾mann½ykan;EtCak;
lak;EfmeTot . mü:ageTot sßab½nnanak¾ksag ÉksarCaPasaExµr)aneRcInNas;Edr edayman
EbbbTxus²KñakñúgkareRbIR)as;BaküeBcn_ .
vbsG k¾dUcsßab½nÉeTotEdr )ane)aHBum<pSayÉksarbec©keTsmYycMnYnFM EdlBak;B½n§
nwgRbFanbTCaeRcIn . RkumGñkniBn§sTÞanuRkmenH )anxwtxMkt;RtaykBaküNaEdlmaneRbIrYc
ehIyenAkñúgÉksarpøÚvkarnana nigeCosvagkarbegáItBaküfµI . b:uEnþviFIenHminGacGnuvtþ)anCab;
rhUteT BIeRBaHmanÉksarpøÚvkarmYycMnYn)aneRbIBaküxusKñaedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIn½yEtmYydUcKña . dUecñH
ehIy k¾RtUvmankareRCIserIsykBaküNaEdleKGacyl;n½y)anCaTUeTACag . CYnkaleTot
BaküfµIRtUvEtbegáIteLIgedIm,IsMKal;Gtßn½ymYyEdlminTan;manBaküExµrsMrab;ehAy:agCak;lak; .
kñúgkrNIEbbenH nigtamlT§PaBGaceFVIeTA)an KWEtgGnuvtþykBaküsamBaØ²mkpÁMúKña edIm,IbegáIt
CaBakümann½yfµImYyeTot .
-iii-

PaK2³ snÞanuRkm Exµr-Gg;eKøs³ PaKenHKWCaÉksarcgRkgfµITaMgRsug edIm,IeqøIytbnwg
sMNUmBrrbs;GñkGanCaeRcIn Edl)anCYbbBaðaxøH²Bak;B½n§nwgBakübec©keTsExµr CaBiess
BaküfµI² . kñúgkrNIBMuGacrk)anBaküesµI snÞanuRkmenHmanpþl; BakübkERbEdlmann½yEk,rKña
bMput . snÞanuRkmenHBMumanpþl;karBnül;n½ylMGitelIBakünImYy²eT b:uEnþGñkGanGaceRbIR)as;
BaküGg;eKøs edIm,IeFVIkarRsavRCavn½ybEnßmeTot)an . mü:ageTot snÞanuRkmmankt;RtaBakü
CaeRcInEdlmanb£sKl;ecjBI)alI rWsMRsáwt BIeRBaHmanGñkGanCaeRcInminGacyl;n½yrbs;va)an
Pøam²eT . kñúgkrNIBaküNamYyminsUvmaneKeRbIR)as;snÞanuRkmmancuHBakümYyeTotEdlRkum
GñkniBn§yl;famankareRbIR)as; jwkjab;Cag rWk¾Gacqab;yl;)anCag .
snÞanuRkmenH)ancgRkgeLIg edaymankarRsavRCavy:agTUlMTUlay nigkarCYymtiBI
GñkmancMeNHdwgCMnajCaeRcInnak; . vbsG sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;RKb;²KñaEdl)ancUlrYmcMENk
CYyeRCamERCg[smiT§iplfµIenHelcecjCarUbrageLIg . vbsG sgÇwmfa snÞanuRkmenHkøayCa
]bkrN_mYyCYydl;GñkGannanakñúgkareRbIR)as;ÉksarepSg²rbs; vbsG RBmTaMgÉksarxag
GPivDÆn_epSg²eTot . vbsG cat;TukÉksarenHCa {kargarbnþeTAmuxCanic©} ehIysUmsVaKmn_
RKb;mtieyabl;BIGñkGan edIm,IeFVIkarEklMG nigBRgIksTÞanuRkm[)aneCOnelOneTAmuxeTot .

PñMeBj/ Extula qñaM2006
LarI e®sþn©
naykRbtibtþi vbsG

-iv-

PaKTI 1
Gg;eKøs-Exµr

Part One: English–Khmer
Part One: English–Khmer

Economic Lexicon Part 1

abuse of trust karrMelaPesckþITukcitþ
A, a abuse of process karbMBanelInItiviFI
accelerate v. BenøÓn
a posteriori kñúgbcäakal accelerated depreciation method
abacus n. k,ac; ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab; viFIKitrMls;bgçM
Kitelx¦ accept (a bill of exchange) TTYlRBm
abandonment of a trade (occupation) ¬rUbiyaNtþi>>>¦
kare)aHbg;muxCMnYjGVImYy accept deposit v. TTYl R)ak;beBaØI¼R)ak;
abatement karbnßy ¬éfø/ Bn§>>>¦ tMkl;
aberration karXøatBIsPaBFmµta/ acceptance karTTYlRBm/ notification of
kMritxusKña/ karP½nþRcLM ~ lixitCUndMNwgkarTTYlRBm/ present a bill
abeyance karp¥ak/ goods in ~ TMnijKµan for ~ bgðajrUbiyaNtþiedIm,IsMukarbBa¢ak;
GñkTTYl TTYlsÁal;/ ~ in full karTTYlRBmTaMgRsug
abide v. eKarB/ eFVItam/ ~ by a promise acceptance certificate viBaØabnb½Rt
kan;Baküsnüa TTYlRBm
abolish v. lubecal access 1> lT§PaB)aneRbIR)as;
above-mentioned dUcmanEcgxagelI 2> lT§PaB¼pøÚv eTAdl;
abrogate v. TukCanarakrN_ accessible price éføEdlGacTijdUr)an
absolute acceptance karTTYlRBmTaMg accession n. 1> ])aKmn_ ¬kar)anCa
Rsug kmµsiT§inUvvtßúrNb¦ 2> karcUlCasmaCik
absolute advantage ]tþmPaBdac;xat accident insurance
absolute majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn karFanar:ab;rgelIeRKaHfñak;
dac;xat ¬CagBak;kNþaléncMnYnGñkmke)aH acclimate v. pSa‘¿nwgGakasFatufµI
eqñat¦ accord karRBmeRBog
absolute poverty PaBRkIRkCak;Esþg/ accordance karGnuBaØateGay/ in ~ with
PaBRkIRkdac;xat edayGnuelameTAtam
absolute (total) loss kMhatsrubsuT§
account KNnI
absorption karRsUbcUl/ karbBa©ÚlCasaxa
account amended KNnI)anEksMrYl
absorptive capacity smtßPaBRsUbyk
account book esovePAKNnI
abstain Gnub,vaT
account currency rUbiyvtßúTUTat;
abstract n. & v. 1> sMrg;GtßbT 2> eFVI account day éf¶TUTat;
GrUbIykmµ
1


account holder m©as;KNnI accrued (interest/rent...) income
account payable KNnIRtUvsg cMNUl ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm
account payee only sMrab;EtsgcUlKNnI accrued interest karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm
account receivable KNnIRtUvTar/ KNnI accumulate bgÁrTuk/ smac½y/ bUkRtYt/
GtifiCn accumulated depreciation rMls;bgÁrTuk
account, sales r)aykarN_lk;TMnij accuracy PaBCak;lak;/ PaBRtwmRtUv
account, unit of ÉktaKit accused n. CnCab;ecaT
account, domestic KNnIépÞkñúg acknowledge receipt (of a cheque...)
account, expense KNnIcMNay TTYlsÁal;karTTYl ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt>>>¦
account, outstanding acknowledge v. TTYlsÁal;
KNnIenAminTan;sg acknowledgment (of receipt)
accountability KNenyüPaB ¬PaBTTYl esckþIbBa¢ak;fa)anTTYl
xusRtUv¦/ to demand ~ from TamTar acquire v. eFVIlT§kmµ
KNenyüPaBBI acquisition lT§kmµ/ kar)anmkCakmµsiT§i
accountancy KNenyü (GB)/ KNenyükic© acquittance roll b½NÑsgR)ak;
accountant KNenyükr/ chartered ~ or act of war ehtuekIteLIgedays®gÁam/
public ~ (US) KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; sßanPaBsßitkñúgs®gÁam
accounting KNenyü (US)/ financial ~ acting chairman/woman RbFansþITI
KNenyühirBaØvtßú/ tax ~ KNenyüBn§dar activate eFVIeGayskmµeT,Ig
accounting analysis karviPaKKNenyü activity skmµPaB/ business ~ skmµPaB
accounting cycle vdþKNenyü GaCIvkmµ
accounting period RKaKNenyü/ actor tYGgÁ/ economic ~ tYGgÁesdækic©
KNenyükal act of God RbFanskþi
accounting plan bøg;KNenyü actual Cak;Esþg/ ~ delivery karRbKl;
accounting price éføKNenyü Cak;Esþg/ ~ order karbBa¢aTijCak;Esþg
accounting statement ad hoc committee KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic©
r)aykarN_KNenyü ad valorem duty Bn§yktaméfø
accounting system RbB½n§KNenyü ad valorem freight éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij
accreditation karEtgtaMg/ karTTYlsÁal; addendum, law on c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm
accredited party PaKITTYlsarNTan additional bEnßm/ ~ insurance karFana
accrued (interest/rent...) expense r:ab;rgbEnßm/ ~ premium buBVlaPbEnßm
cMNay ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm
2


additional profit tax (APT) ¬svnakarEdlKUkþItTl;Kña¦
Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjbEnßm adverse minl¥/ minGMeNaypl/ ~ factor/
addressee GñkTTYl ¬lixit¦/ GñkEdlRtUvTTYl trade balance ktþa¼CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ
adequate smlµm minGMeNaypl
adjourn v. elIkvarkal/ p¥ak advertise v. pSayBaNiC¢kmµ
adjudicate CMrHkþI advertisement, advertising
adjusting entries (accounting) karpSayBaNiC¢kmµ
elxnaEktMrUv advertising campaign yuT§nakarpSay
adjustment kMENtMrUv/ ~ account KNnI BaNiC¢kmµ
EktMrUv/ ~ factor (AF) ktþaEktMrUv/ ~ value advice note lixitCUnB½t’man/ lixitCUneyabl;
tMélEktMrUv advice, collection lixitCUndMNwgkar
administrative expenses cMNayrdæ)al RbmUlR)ak;
administrative-economic entity advice, debit/credit Rbkas NBn§¼
GgÁPaBesdækic©rdæ)al NTan
admissible evidence PsþútagRbevsnI/ advice, dispatch/shipment
PsþútagTTYlyk)an /forwarding lixitCUndMNwgbBa¢ÚnTMnij
adult eBjv½y/ ~ citizen RbCaBlrdæeBjv½y adviser (advisor) TIRbwkSa/ financial ~
advance buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIk[mun¦/ TIRbwkSahirBaØvtßú
~ deposit R)ak;kk;mun advising bank FnaKarCUndMNwg
advance money R)ak;buerRbTan/ R)ak; advisory function muxgarpþl;eyabl;
pþl;eGaymun advocacy karts‘Umti
advance notice karpþl;dMNwgCamun affidavit lixitEføgsc©a ¬GHGagsc©PaB
advance on documents buerRbTan cMeBaHmuxc,ab;¦
sMGagelIÉksar affiliated company (or associated
advance on securities buerRbTaneday company) Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½n§/ Rkumh‘un
manvtßúFana Bak;B½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag 50°¦
advance payment karTUTat;Camun affiliation, political ninñakarneya)ay
advancement kareCOnelOneTAmux/ affinity n. Bn§úPaB/ ¬PaBdUcKña rW manTMnak;
karrIkcMerIn TMngCamYyKña¦
advantage ]tþmPaB AFTA-ASEAN Free Trade Area
adversary proceeding svnakarRbtibkS tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an

3


after-tax income cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§ ~ coordination mechanism ynþkar
aftercost cMNaybEnßm sMrbsMrYlCMnYy/ ~ programme kmµviFICMnYy
age group RkumGayu air bill of lading b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas
agency TIPñak;gar/ employment ~ kariyal½y air cargo/freightTMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH
rkkargareGayeFIV/ pre-investment ~ TIPñak;gar air-consignment note b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas
BintülT§PaB muneBlvinei yaK
i airport tax Bn§RBlanynþehaH
agenda rebobvar³/ kargarEdlRtUveFVI airway bill b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas
agent Pñak;gar/ sole ~ tMNagpþac;mux alien CnbreTs
agglomerate pþMúcUlKña alien act c,ab;sþIBICnbreTs
aggregate GgÁpSM/ tYelxRbmUlpþúM/ ~ demand/ alienation karepÞrkmµsiT§i
supply tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; srub alienator n samIbrivtþ/ Gñklk; rW epÞrsiT§i[eK
aggregate, monetary xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú/ alimony R)ak;]btßmÖ ¬BIbþIeTARbBn§ rWBIRbBn§
rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs; eTAbþI/ eRkayeBlElgKña¦
aggregation karpþúM/ xn§b,aT/ karpÁúMGgÁpSM allegation karecaTRbkan;edaymin)an
aggrieved person Gñkminsuxcitþ bgðajPsþútag
agrarian éndIFøI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFøI allegiance (politics) karesµaHsµ½RK
agrarian society sgÁmksikmµ allegiance, oath of sc©aRbNiFan
agreed (price) ¬éfø¦ RBmeRBog alliance sm<½n§PaB
agreement kic©RBmeRBog/ verbal ~ kic© all-in price éføsBVRKb; ¬TMnij/ Fanar:ab;rg/
®BmeRBogpÞal;mat;/ ~ on the exchange of dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦
goods kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIkarpøas;bþÚrTMnij/ ~ in allocate v. (fund) élEck/ eFVIviPaCn_/
principle kic©RBmeRBogCaeKalkarN_ allocated resources FnFanEdl)anélEck
agribusiness ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ allocation 1> karélEck/ karviPaCn_/
agricultural product ksipl proportional ~ karélEcksmamaRt
agriculture ksikmµ/ Ministry of 2> R)ak;viPaCn_
Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries allotment of shares karEbgEckPaKh‘un
RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT allowance R)ak;]btßmÖ/ TayC¢Tan/
agro-industry ksi-]sSahkmµ depreciation ~ TayC¢Tan[dl;rMls;/
agronomist ekSRtviTU family ~ R)ak;]btßmÖRKÜsar/ make an ~
agronomy ekSRtsaRsþ/ ekSRtviTüa eFVIkarbBa©úHéføkñúgkarlk;eGayGñkTij
aid CMnYy/ economic ~ CMnYyEpñkesdækic©/ ~ all-risks insurance/policy kar¼b½NÑ
agreement kic©RBmeRBogpþl;CMnYy/ Fanara:b;rghaniP½yRKb;RbePT
4


alteration karEk ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢I life ~ CIvFnlaP
KNenyü>>> edayekaslub¼sresrRtYt>>>¦ annulment emaXkmµ/ karcat;TukCaGasasUnü
alternative CMerIs¼meFüa)ayepSgeTot/ ~ antedate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/ cuHkalbriecäT
technology bec©kviTüaEbbepSg ¬Gac GtItkal
eRbICMnYs)an¦ anthropology mnusSsaRsþ/ nrviTüa
amalgamation karbBa©Úl ¬Kña¦ anti- RbqaMg/ anti-personnel mine
ambition karR)afñad¾elIslub/ mhicäta mInRbqaMgmnusS
amelioration n. kareFIVeGayRbesIreT,Ig/ anticipated profit R)ak;cMeNjeRBogTuk
suvuDÆikmµ anti-dumping karRbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚc
amendment 1> viesaFnkmµ ¬c,ab;>>>¦/ éfø/ ~ duty Bn§RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø
~ of a contract viesaFnkmµkic©snüa/ anti-inflation measure/programme
~ advice lixitCUndMNwgsþIBIkarEksMrYl viFankar¼kmµviFI Tb;Tl;GtiprNa
viesaFnkmµ 2> c,ab; b¤ maRtaénc,ab;Edl anti-trust law c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ
RtUv)anEkERbehIy apellate court sala]T§rN_
amicable settlement dMeNaHRsay apparatus briFan/ bznP½NÐ
RbkbedaykareyaKyl; ¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ appeal 1> bNþwgtv:a/ ]T§rN_
amnesty karelIkElgeTas 2> karGMBavnav
amortisation of a debt ¬kar¦rMls;bMNul appliance eRKOgeRbIR)as;
amount TwkR)ak;/ gross ~ TwkR)ak;dul/ applicant Gñkdak;BaküsMu
~ of invoice TwkR)ak;énvikáybRt applicant for a letter of credit
amount past due TwkR)ak;hYskalkMNt;sg Gñkdak;BaküsMu¼GñkesñIsMu ebIksarNTan
analysis karviPaK/ cost ~ karviPaKBIéføedIm/ ~ applied economics viTüasaRsþesdækic©
of job requirements karviPaKtMrUvkarkargar apply v. ¬dak;¦ Gnuvtþ/ applied research
analysis, discounted cash flow (DCF) karRsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvtþ
karviPaKcracrsac;R)ak; appointed days, on naéf¶)ankMNt;
analytical thinking KMnitviPaK appointment karEtgtaMg/ permanent ~
ancestor buBVCn to the rank of administrative agent
ancillary services esvakmµbnÞab;bnSM kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiPñak;garrdæ)al
annual RbcaMqñaM/ ~ budget KMeragfvikaRbcaMqñaM apportion v. EbgEck
annualised adj. KitelImUldæanRbcaMqñaM apportionment bMENgEck
annuity FnlaP/ R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqñaM/ appraisal karvaytémø

5


appreciation 1> kareLIg éfø¼tMél area, free trade tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI
2> mUlvicar ¬karvaytMél¦ area-based frame eRKagelImUldæantMbn;
3> karTTYlsÁal;KuNPaB 4>GMNrKuN arid area tMbn;s¶ÜtEhg
approach viFIsaRsþ arithmetic nBVnþ/ ~ mean mFümnBVnþ
appropriate adj. smRsb/ ~ size TMhM arm’s length sale karlk;KµankareyaK
smRsb/ ~ technology bec©kviTüasmRsb yl;Biess
appropriation (financial) ¬R)ak;¦ viPaCn_ arrears bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg/ to be in
¬R)ak;élTukenAmçagsMrab;eKaledAedayELk¦ ~ yWty:avkñúgkarsgbMNul
appropriation accounts KNnIcMNUl- art work sñaédsil,³
cMNay article of copartnership
approval karyl;RBm/ on ~ etagman kic©snüacUlh‘un/ maRtashPaKkmµ
karyl;RBm articles of association (GB) or by-
approximately RbEhl/ RbmaN laws (US) lkçnþik³
aquaculture, aquatic culture varIvb,kmµ articles of incorporation (US) or
aquatic product Clpl memorandum of association (GB)
aquatic resources FnFanClpl GnusSarN³begIátRkumh‘un
arable land dIGacdaMduH articulate v. bBa¢ak;CaBaküeBCn_
arbiter mCÄtþkr ¬GñkmanGMNac¼T§iBl as provided, as stated, set forth
edIm,IeFVIkarkat;kþI³ ]> kñúgkic©karrdæ¦ dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦
arbitrage 1> mCÄtþkmµ 2> karepÞrTunBIpSar Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA)
mYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an
arbitrageur GñkepÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSar assembly line ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦
mYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér assessed taxes Bn§)ankMNt;
arbitrary tamEtGMeBIcitþ assessment karvaytMél
arbitration mCÄtþPaB/ mCÄtþvinicä½y/ assessor of taxes GñkkMNt;Bn§¼vayBn§
karkat;kþIedayGaCJakNþal/ ~ committee asset RTBüskmµ/ RTBüsm,tiþ/ current ~
KN³kmµkarmCÄtþkmµ RTBüskmµcrnþ/ foreign ~ RTBüskmµCa
arbitrator mCÄtþkr ¬xagBaNiC¢kmµ¦ rUbiyb½NÑ ¬FnaKar¦/ RTBüenAbreTs, fixed
architectural company Rkumh‘unsikSa (capital) ~ RTBüskmµCab;lab; ¬ÉksarxøH
KMeragbøg; ehAfa GclnRTBü EdlRtUvnwgBakü
architecture sßabtükmµ/ nimµabnkmµ immovable property), tangible ~
area unit ÉktatMbn; RTBürUbI/ frozen ~ RTBüp¥ib/ intangible ~
6


RTBüGrUbI/ financial ~ RTBühirBaØvtßú attorney 1> GaNtþiKahk ¬GñkTTYlGaNtþi¦
assign (property) epÞrsiT§ieRbIR)as;Gclnvtßú 2> tMNagkarBarkþI 3> emFavI
assignable credit sarNTanGacepÞr)an attractive adj. Tak;Taj/ ~ prices
assignee 1> Gnub,Tanik ¬GñkTTYlsiT§i¼ éføTak;TajGtifiCn
RTBüsm,tþi¼karEtgtaMg ¦ auction karedjéfø
2> GñkTTYlsiT§iRbTan/ GaNtþiKahk auction sale karlk;edjéfø
assignee in bankruptcy GñkRtUv)an audit n. & v. 1> svnkmµ/ external ~
cat;taMg[RKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþiGñkkS½yFn svnkmµBIxageRkA/ internal ~ svnkmµépÞkñúg
assignor 1> Gnub,TayI ¬GñkepÞrRTBüsm,tþi/ 2> eFVIsvnkmµ ¬Binitü¼Eqk bBa¢IKNenyü¦
GñkeFVIkarcat;taMg¦ auditing svnkmµ/ National Auditing
2> GñkRbKl;siT§i/ GaNtþiTayk Authority GaCJaFrsvnkmµCati/ ~ procedures
assimilation smankmµ ¬kareFVI[RCYtRCab¦ nItiviFIsvnkmµ
assistance kar]btßmÖ/ CMnYy/ CMnYy]btßmÖ auditor svnkr ¬GñkRtYtBinitübBa¢I/ sñgkar
assistant CMnYykar/ brivcäkarI/ ]bkarI KNenyü¦/ independent/external ~
assistant accountant KNenyükrCMnYykar svnkrÉkraCü
auspices kar]btßmÖ/ under the ~ enAeRkam
assistant manager Gñkcat;karrg
associated company (see affiliated
»vaT ¬sßab½n¦
austerity PaBt,itet,ót/ PaBtwgrwg/ tbkmµ
company) Rkumh‘unBak;B½n§
autarchy GMNac¼RbeTskan;rbb pþac;kar
association smaKm/ bar ~ KN³emFavI
autarky sV½yaFibetyü/ esdækic©m©as;kar
assurance 1> karFanar:ab;rg
2> PaBR)akdkñúgcitþ ¬KµankarsgS½y¦ xøÜnÉgpÞal;/ ¬minBwgEp¥kelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW
at call, money kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTar
CMnYyesdækic©¦
authentic deed/act lixityfaPUt
ykvij)anPøam
authenticate eFVInItüanukUlkmµ ¬bBa¢ak;faBit¦
at par, share PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenA
authenticity yfaPaB
pSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMélcuHelIsnøwkb½NÑPaKh‘un
authorised bank FnaKarmankarGnuBaØat/
at sight draft rUbiyaNtþiRtUvsgR)ak;enA
eBlbgðaj FnaKarRbtiRsuti
authorised capital edImTuncuHbBa¢I
at sight, to pay sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar
authoritarianism GMNacniym
ATM (automatic teller machine)
authority siT§iGMNac/ GaCJaFr/ rdæGMNac
m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ
authorisation 1> esckþIGnuBaØat
attitude riyabf

7


2> lixitGnuBaØat
authorised representative tMNagman
siTRi§ bTan/ GaCJanukarI ¬tMNagmankarGnuBaØat¦ back out v. dkxøÜnecj/ ~ from a
automatic teller machine (see ATM) contract dkxøÜnecjBIkic©snüa
m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ back to back xñgTl;xñg/ ~ credit
automatic drawing right NTanxñgTl;xñg
siT§idkR)ak;sV½yRbvtþi back up v. KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT/ ~ a claim
autonomous economic entity bBa¢ak;KaMRTkarGHGag
GgÁPaBesdækic©sVy½t backbone infrastructure ehdæarcna
autonomous enterprise shRKassVy½t sm<½n§q¥wgxñg ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§eKal¦
autonomy sV½yPaB/ sVy½tPaB/ economic backdate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/
~ sV½yPi)alesdækic© cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal
average mFüm/ ~ annual growth rate backer GñkbeBa©jedImTun/ GñkKaMRT
GRtakMeNInmFümRbcaMqñaM/ ~ cost tMél¼ background 1> Rbvtþi/ savta
éføedIm mFüm 2> épÞxageRkay
average collection period (ACP)
backing, financial karKaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú
ry³eBlRbmUlbMNulCamFüm backlog kargarenAKrminTan;eFVI
avoidance, tax karecosvagBn§
backup eRtombMrug
award n. & v. 1> esckIþsMercrbs;GaCJa
backwardness PaBGn;fy
kNþal 2> rgVan; 3> pþl;rgVan;[/ ~ a contract
bad debt NeTyüTarmin)an ¬xUc¦/
RbKl;kic©snüa[
awareness kardwgsÁal;/ raise public ~
NeTyüBi)akTar ¬Cab;sgS½y¦
bMpuskaryl;dwgdl;saFarNCn bad faith GsT§a/ KMnitevocevr
bad title b½NÐkmµsiT§iykCakarmin)an
bad workmanship TwkédGn;/ kareFVImin
B, b )anl¥ ¬plitpl¦
bail R)ak;Fana ¬]> R)ak;bg;[tulakaredIm,I[
baccalaureate (degree) CnCab;ecaT)anenAeRkAXMu¦/ ~ bond b½NÑFana
¬sBaØab½Rt¦mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi bail out v. 1> se®gÁaHRkumh‘unCYbkarlM)ak
bachelor’s degree fñak;briBaØab½Rt xaghirBaØvtßú 2> bg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn
back eRkay/ xageRkay/ ~ interest karR)ak; bailiff n. GaCJasala
minTan;sg/ ~ a bill cuHhtßelxaFanaelI bail cover R)ak;Fana

8


bailment karepJITuk ¬dak;TMnij[GñkepSg eTotsgR)ak;eTAbuKÁlNamñak;¦
kan;kab; b:uEnþGñkenaHBMuEmnCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT¦ bank financing hirBaØb,TanFnaKar
bait n. nuy/ use money as ~ eRbIluyCanuy bank note RkdasR)ak;
balance n. 1> tulüPaB 2> smtulü/ credit/ bank of deposit FnaKarTTYlR)ak;beBaØI
debit ~ smtulü NTayI¼ Nayik/ closing bank reconciliation karepÞógpÞat;FnaKar
~ smtulücugRKa/ pay the ~ sgR)ak;CMBak;/ ¬GgÁPaBsamIepÞógbBa¢Irbs;xøÜneTAnwgRbkas
positive ~ smtulü viC¢man/ ~ on goods and NBn§¼NTan rbs;FnaKar/ kargarenHEtg
services smtulüTMnijnigesva eFVIenAcugEx¦
balance of payments CBa¢IgTUTat;/ bank reference TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar
~ deficit/surplus »nPaB¼Gtierk CBa¢IgTUTat; bank statement r)aykarN_¼Rbkas
balance of trade CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ FnaKar/ sMrg;KNnIBIFnaKar
balance sheet taragtulükar/ off- ~ bank transfer karepÞrR)ak;enAFnaKar
items xÞg;eRkAtaragtulükar/ ~ date éf¶ bank v. dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar
eFVItaragtulükar bank-credit guarantee scheme
balance v. eFVIeGaymantulüPaB kmµviFIFanaNTanrbs;FnaKar
balance v. an account bUksrubKNnI banker FnaKarik
balance v. the budget eFVItulükarfvika banker’s draft (see bank draft)
bale KIb/ eb ¬vtßúGVImYymancMnYneRcIndUcCa banking muxCMnYjFnaKar/ muxviC¢aFnaKar
RkNat; Rkdas esµA>>> EdlcgCa dMu¼kNþab;¦ bankrupt kS½yFn/ FnkS½y/ niT§½n
bank FnaKar/ central ~ FnaKarkNþal/ bankruptcy PaBkS½yFn/ niT§nPaB/
deposit money bank FnaKarTTYl discharge in ~ karrYcputBIkarkS½yFn
R)ak;beBaØI/ national ~ FnaKarCati bar association KN³emFavI
bank acceptance b½NÑTTYlRBmedayFnaKar barefoot doctor RKUeBTüCnbT
bank account KNnIFnaKar bargain and sale kic©snüaTij-lk;
bank book esovePAFnaKar/ esovePAepJI bargain v. téfø/ (free) collective
R)ak;enAFnaKar bargaining karcrcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;QñÚl
bank charge esah‘uyFnaKar rvagnieyaCit nignieyaCk
bank clearing karTUTat;tamFnaKar barrier r)aMg/ ]bsKÁ/ customs/tariff ~
bank deposit R)ak;beBaØIenAFnaKar r)aMgBn§Ky/ lift trade ~ dkr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ/
bank draft rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar rW b½NÑFnaKar non-tariff ~s ( NTBs) r)aMgminEmnBn§Ky
¬lixitecjedayFnaKarbBa¢aeGayFnaKarmYy barrister emFavI ¬Gg;eKøs¦

9


barter karedaHdUrTMnijnigTMnij KµaneQµaH ¬elImUlb,Tanb½RtKµancuHeQµaH
¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijedaymineRbIluy¦ GñkRtUvebIkR)ak;eT KWfaGñkkan;mUlb,Tanb½Rt
base mUldæan/ exOn/ ~ level of GacebIkR)ak;)an¦
consumption kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; bearer instrument/paper lixitUbkrN_
base rate GRtaeKal/ GRtamUldæan sMrab;Kahk
base year qñaMeKal beginning inventory sareBIP½NÐedIm qñaM¼RKa
baseline survey GegátCamUldæan behave v. kan;criya
basic CamUldæan/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBog behaviour Gakb,kiriya
CamUldæan/ ~ price éføeKal/ ~ research below cost TabCagéføedIm
karRsavRCavCamUldæan benchmark kMriteKal/ ~ survey GegáteKal
basic commodities plitplksikmµ benefactor ]bkarI ¬GñkTMnukbMrg/ Gñkp©gepþm¦
u ú I
CamUldæan ¬ksiplFmµtaEdlpliteRcIn² beneficiary GñkTTYlpl/ GtßKahk
dUcCaRsUv/ eBat>>>¦ benefit GtßRbeyaCn_/ R)ak;]btßmÖ/ medical
basic discount GbhareKal ¬Gbhar ~ R)ak;]btßmÖéføBüa)al
FmµtaedayKµanbEnßmPaKryGVIeTot¦ benefit-cost ratio
basic human needs (BHN) tMrUvkarCa smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay
mUldæanrbs;mnusS bequeath v. eFVIGc©½yTanCaclnvtßú
basic salary/wage ebovtSr_eKal bequest n. Gc©½yTanCaclnvtßú/ GMeNay
¬ebovtSr_FmµtaedayKµanbUkR)ak;bEnßm¦ tamry³mrtksasn_
basin (Mekong River) Gag ¬TenøemKgÁ¦ best interest ]tþmRbeyaCn_
basket n. k®nþk/ consumer ~ or best-seller esovePAlk;dac;bMput
consumption ~ k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; biannual BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM/ ~ monitoring

batch LÚt_ ¬GIv:an;EdlplitenAeBlEtmYy¦/
karXøaMemIlBIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM
bias lMeGog
~ number elxLÚt_
bid v. & n. 1> edjéfø 2> karedjéfø
BCC (business cooperation contract)
bilateral eTVPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance
kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ
bear Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij¼rUbiyvtßú Edl
CMnYyeTVPaKI
bill 1> vikáybRt 2> rUbiyaNtþi
eCOfaGIv:an;eKnwgcuHéfø/ ~ market TIpSarEdl
bill at sight vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg
eKeCOfaGWv:an;nwgcuHéfø
bear v. interest pþl;nUvkarR)ak;
enAeBlbgðaj
bill in transit vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi kMBugbBa¢Ún
bearer Gñkkan;/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt

10


bill of entry RbtievTn_Ky ¬lixitRbkas board of directors RkumRbwkSaPi)al
bg;Bn§Ky¦ board of inquiry KN³kmµkaresuIbGegát
bill of lading (B/L) GBaØtb½NÑ rW board of investment (BOI)
GBaØtb½Rt/ lixitpÞúkTMnijnava/ b½NÑdwkCBa¢Ún RkumRbwkSavinieyaK
TMnij/ direct ~ GBaØtb½NÑedaypÞal; board of management RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg
bill payable vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg boat TUk/ Clyan/ ~ log book esovePA
bill sent for collection skmµPaBClyan
b½NÑepJI[RbmUlR)ak; body xøÜn ¬mnusS>>>¦/ tY ¬rfynþ>>>¦/ ~ of rules
bill/letter of exchange rUbiyaNtþi/ lixitpøas;bþÚr and regulations GgÁc,ab; ¬nigbTb,BaØtþi¦
billion Ban;lan bona fide esµaHRtg;/ ~ purchaser
bin tag pøakFug GñkTijesµaHRtg;
bind v. cg/ mantMélGnuvtþ/ P¢ab;katBVkic© bond sBaØab½NÑ/ government/treasury ~
biodiversity CIv³cMruH b½NÑrtnaKar/ bearer ~ sBaØab½NÑKµaneQµaH/
biogas CIv]sµ½n goods (held) in ~ TMnijrkSaTukenAXøaMgKy
biomass CIvm:as ¬rg;caMkarbg;Bn§¦/ mortgage ~ b½NÑniekçb
biosphere reserve, Tonle Sap ¬b½NbNlmanvtßbBa©a¦/ take goods out of
ÑM u ú M
zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab ~ bg;Bn§elITMnijedIm,IGacykvaecjBIXøaMgKy/
birth certificate sMbuRtkMeNIt ~ yield TinñplsBaØab½NÑ ¬cMNUl)anBIsBaØab½NÑ
birth rate GRtakMeNIt/ GRtaRbsUtikmµ KitCaPaKryénéføTijsBaØab½NÑ¦
birth spacing karBnüakMeNIt bonded warehouse XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb;
black market pSarggwt/ ~ price éføpSarggwt RKgedayPñak;garKy
blacklist bBa¢IexµA bonus R)ak;bEnßm/ buBVlaP ¬]> R)ak;rgVan;¦/
blank enAs¥at/ minTan;sresr/ ~ cheque cost of living ~ R)ak;bEnßmsMrab;RTRTg;
mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh ¬cuHhtßelxaehIy EtKµan CIvPaB/ incentive ~ R)ak;elIkTwkcitþ/
cuHTwkR)ak; rW eQµaHGñkTTYl¦ productivity ~ rgVan;plitkmµ
blank endorsement carxñgcMh book of investment esovePAbnÞúkén
block bøúk karvinieyaK
block fund mUlniFipþúM book value (accounting) tMélkñúgbBa¢I/
blocked account KNnI bBaÄb;¼p¥ib tMélKNenyü
¬min[dkR)ak;ecj¦ bookkeeper Gñkkan;bBa¢I/ KNenyükr
blue-collar union shCIBhtßkr

11


bookkeeping karcuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ single brainstorming karBiPakSabMpusKMnit
entry ~ karcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK/ double entry ~ branch (of a company) saxa ¬Rkumh‘un¦
karcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK brand sBaØa/ sBaØasMKal;/ rUb/ m:ak ¬TMnij¦
books of accounts bBa¢IKNenyü brand name eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ/ yIeha
boom v. rIkduHdaly:agrh½s/ ~ industry breach of contract karelµIskic©snüa
]sSahkmµEdlrIkduHdalya:grh½s/ breach of discipline karelµIsvin½y
booming sector vis½ykMBugrIkduHdal breakages GIv:an;)ak;Ebk ¬minrab;CaRTBü
boost v. CMruj/ rujeLIg skmµeTenAeBleFVIsareBIP½NÐ¦
booty C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþImrWbøn;BIeK¦/ break-even point cMNucrYcedIm
GcäinRTBü breakthrough karTMlayPaBTal;Rck
border price éføenARBMEdn bribe v. & n. 1> sUk
borrow v. x©I¼sMux©I/ borrowed reserves 2> sMNUk/ take a ~ sIusMNUk
R)ak;bMrug)anx©I ¬EdlFnaKarnana)anx©IBI bridging loan kMcIry³eBlxøI ¬sMrab;Tij
FnaKarkNþal¦ pÞHfµI enAeBllk;pÞHcas;minTan;dac;¦
borrower Gñkx©I/ Nvnþ broadcast v. pSBVpSay ¬tamviTüú/ TUrTsSn_>>>¦
borrowings karx©Ibul brochure n. esovePAesþIg/ kUnesovePA
boss n. bri)al/ ecAhVay/ GñkRtYtRta/ pSBVpSay
bossy EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK broker eCIgsarCMnYj/ KYkeC
BOT (build, operate, transfer) sagsg;- brokerage 1> kMéreCIgsar 2> kargareCIgsar
GaCIvkmµ-epÞr brought forward (accounting) eyagmk
botany n. PUtKamsaRsþ ¬karsikSaBIrukçCati¦ bring in (assets as investment)
bottleneck PaBraMgsÞH/ PaBkkkuj eFVI]bharit/ ykcUl
bottom out v. cuHTabbMput budget fvika/ ~ control karRtYtBinitü
¬RbEhlminGacFøak;cuHeToteT¦ fvika/ ~ credit NTanfvika/ ~ fund
bottom-up BIeRkameLIgelI/ mUlniFifvika/ ~ prices éføTab²
~ development karGPivDÆn_BIeRkameLIgelI buffer RTnab;/ ~ zone tMbn;RTnab;
bourgeois KhbtI buffer stock sþúksMrab;Tb;karERbRbYl ¬éfø/
bourgeoisie or middle class karpÁt;pÁg;>>¦/ ~ facility (BSF)
vNÑ³KhbtI b¤ vNÑ³kNþal ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;snñiFi
boycott Bhikar ¬karRbqaMgedayminRBmTij built-in stabilisers ktþaeFVIeGayman
minRBmcUlrYm>>>¦ sßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi
brain drain kar)at;bg;GñkmanCMnaj bulk buying karTijduM

12


bulk order bBa¢aTijdMu by-product plitplbnÞab;bnSM/ nisSnÞvtßú
bull Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij>>>EdleCOfa
muxGIv:an;eKnwgeLIgéfø
bull market TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéfø C, c
bulletin 1> RBwtþib½Rt/
2> esckþIRbkasCapøÚvkar ¬BIerOgsMxan;GVImYy¦ cabinet xuTÞkal½y/ political ~ KN³rdæm®nþI
burden bnÞúk/ ~ of proof bnÞúkPsþútag/ tax cable transfer karepÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_
~ bnÞúkBn§ cadastre surieyadI
bureau kariyal½y/ employment ~ cadre Rkbx½NÐ/ public ~ Rkbx½NÐ
kariyal½ykargar m®nþIraCkar/ ~ of administrative agent
bureaucracy kariyaFibetyü Rkbx½NÐPñak;garrdæ)al
bureaucrat kariyaelxanukar/ GñkeFVIkar calculus KNnaGtüaNU
kariyal½y calendar RbtiTin/ ~ year qñaMRbtiTin
business Furkic©/ GaCIvkmµ/ kic©karCMnYj/ call deposit R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ
call loan/money NTanKµankalkMNt;
karrksuI/ ~ card namb½NÑ ¬RtUvsgvijenAeBleKTar¦
business cooperation contract
called-up capital mUlFn)anehA
(BCC) kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ
¬)anbg;cUlRkumh‘unehIy¦
business format franchising
campaign yuT§nakar/ sales ~ yuT§nakarlk;drU
karpþl;siT§ieGayrksIupþac;muxtamEbbbTeK cancel v. lubecal/ ~ an entry bdiesF
business licence tax ¬Bn§¦ )a:tg;
elxna ¬KNenyü¦/ ~ an order lubecal
business name namkrN_GaCIvkmµ
karbBa¢aTij
business undertaking kareFVIkic©karCMnYj
cancellation karlubecal
businessman/woman GaCIvkr/ FurCn
canvass 1> sÞabsÞg; ¬mti¦
buy v. Tij/ ~ back Tijykvij/ ~ time
2> eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT
BnüaeGay)anyUr capability smtßPaB ¬eFVIGVImYy¦
buyer’s price éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij
capacity 1> smtßPaB/ earning ~
buying order karbBa¢aTij
smtßPaBrkR)ak;/ in a legal ~ kñúgsmtßPaB
buying power GMNacTij
tampøÚvc,ab;/ load-carrying ~ smtßPaBpÞúk
by-election kare)aHeqñateLIgvij
¬GIv:an;¦/ production ~ smtßPaBplit
bylaws (see also articles of association)
2> cMNuH
c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦/ bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg
13


capital mUlFn/ Tun/ authorised ~mUlFn mUlFnRbkbkar
Edl)anGnuBaØat/ paid in ~ mUlFnEdl capitalism mUlFnniym
)anbg;/ ~ accumulation smac½yTun capitalist mUlFnik/ nayTun
capital account KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capitalisation mUlFnPavUnIykmµ
capital adequacy ratio smaPaKsm capitalise v. eqøótykcMeNj/ qk;»kas/
lµménmUlFn mUlFnkmµ
capital amortisation rMls;mUlFn captive market TIpSarpþac;mux
capital asset RTBümUlFn/ RTBüskmµCab;lab; card b½NÐ/ sMbuRt/ business ~ namb½NÑ
capital assistance kar]btßmÖTun ¬GaCIvkmµ¦/ cash ~ b½NÑsac;R)ak;/ cheque ~
capital contributor GñkcUlh‘un/ PaKTunik³ mUlb,Tanb½NÑ/ credit ~ b½NÑNTan/
capital endowment edImTunEdlRtUvbg; identity ~ GtþsBaØaNb½NÑ
capital expenditure/investment/ career GaCIB
outlay cMNayelIRTBümUlFn/ vinieyaK caretaker (of a motor vehicle) Gñkkan;
capital expense cMNayCamUlFn kab;EfTaM ¬]> yanynþ¦/ ~ government
capital gains (accounting) tMélelIs rdæaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNþaHGasnñ
capital goods TMnij mUlFn¼CaTun cargo navaPNÐ/ TMnijdwktamnava/ nava
¬TMnijsMrab;plitTMnijepSg²eTot¦ ¬dwkTMnij¦/ ~ documents ÉksarsMrab;
capital intensive RbBlvb,kmµedImTun kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij
¬EdleRbITun¼m:asIuneRcIn¦ cargo list bBa¢ITMnijdwkCBa¢Ún
capital levy Bn§elIRTBübuKÁl cargo outturn report r)aykarN_erITMnij
capital loss (accounting) tMélxVH carriage forward éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;eday
capital market pSarTun GñkTTYl
capital movement clnaTun/ karepÞrTun carriage paid éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI
capital productivity plitPaBénTun carried forward (accounting) eyageTA
capital reserves TunbMrug ¬]> eyageTATMB½rmYyeTotnUvtYelxbUksrubcug
capital revenue cMNUlCamUlFn snøwkbBa¢IKNenyü¦
capital, authorised TunGtibrimaEdlRtUv carrying value (accounting)
)anGnuBaØat[manenAkñúgRkumh‘un/ TuncuHbBa¢I tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü
capital, frozen mUlFnpw¥b cartel n. karEtl/ shRkumh‘un
capital, risk (venture capital) case study karsikSakrNI ¬rW krNIsikSa¦
TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; cash 1> ebLa ¬RkdasR)ak; + R)ak;kak;¦
capital, working TunbgVil/ 2> sac;R)ak; ¬ebLa + FnaKar¦/ ~ substitute
14


CMnYssac;R)ak;
3> rtnvtßú ¬KNenyü¦ cash reserves sac;R)ak;bMrug
cash account 1>KNnIebLa 2>KNnIrtnvtßú cash voucher b½NÑcMNayebLa
cash advance R)ak;buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkmun¦ cash with order (CWO) bg;R)ak;eBl
cash against document (CAD) bBa¢aTij
RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlÉksar cash-disbursement book esovePA
cash book (CB) n. bBa¢IR)ak;ecjcUl cMNayR)ak;
cash budget EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cashier ebLakr/ ebLaFikar
cash credit NTansac;R)ak; cash-receipt book esovePAcMNUlR)ak;
cash crop dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; casting vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB
cash discount karlk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Ca ¬e)aHeqñat¦
sac;R)ak; casual labourer BlkrGENþt
cash down sale karlk;ykR)ak;Pøam ¬ry³eBlxøI¦
¬Casac;R)ak; rW mUlb,Tanb½Rt b:uEnþminyk casualty at sea mhnþrayenAsmuRT
b½NÑNTaneT¦ cataclysm n. mhavinas
cash economy esdækic©eRbIR)ak;kas catalogue kataLúk ¬esovePAbgðaj rUb¼vtßú
cash flow lMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ analysis epSg²¦
karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ statement catalyst katalIkr/ ~ role tYnaTICakatalIkr
r)aykarN_lMhUrsac;R)ak; ¬bnSúI/ CMruj¦
cash in on eqøótykcMeNjBIelI catchment area EdnrgTwkePøóg
cash in hand (GB), cash on hand catalyse v. bnSúI ¬Kña¦/ BenøÓn
(US) sac;R)ak;kñúg ebLa¼éd/ ebLa categorisation of goods karkMNt;
cash in/with bank sac;R)ak;enAFnaKar RbePTTMnij
cash on delivery (COD) RbKl;TMnij category RbePT/ BYk/ Epñk
RbKl;R)ak;/ bg;R)ak;eBlTTYlTMnij causal sehtu ¬EdlR)ab;BIkarTak;Tgehtu
cash over and short R)ak;elIsxVH nigpl¦
¬bnþicbnþÜckñúgebLa¦ CD-ROM suIDIr:m
cash paid book esovePAsgR)ak; ceiling price éføGtibrma/ éføx<s;bMput
cash price éfølk; ¬efak¦ Kittamkarbg; celebrity n. Gñkl,IeQµaH
Casac;R)ak; census 1> karCMerOn ¬RbCaCn¦/
cash rebate cMnYncuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Ca ~ sample KMrUtagCMerOn/

15


2> r)ab; ¬karrab;¦ chairman RbFan/ ~ of the meeting
census-enumeration area tMbn;rab; RbFanGgÁRbCMu/ GFibtI
bBa©ÚlCMerOn challenge bBaðaRbQm
central kNþal/ mCÄwm/ ~ administration chamber of commerce sPaBaNiC¢kmµ
rdæ)al mCÄwm¼kNþal chance of selection P½BVénCMerIs
central bank FnaKarkNþal change 1> bMErbMrYl/ karpøas;bþÚr/ sm,rivtþn_/
centralisation mCÄkar 2> R)ak;Gab;/ ~ fund R)ak;Gab;
centralised eFVImCÄkar/ ~ economy channel Rck
esdækic©mCÄkar/ ~ record kMNt;RtamCÄkar/ chaos PaBRcbUkRcbl;
~ system RbB½n§mCÄkar chapter CMBUk
centrally planned economy esdækic© character crit
EpnkarRbmUlpþúM charge bnÞúk/ bnÞúkcMNay/ éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦
ceramics kulalPaCn_/ ceramic product charge v. a commission ykkMéreCIgsar
plitplkulalPaCn_ charge/credit account KNnIeCO
certificate viBaØabnb½Rt/ ~ of approval ¬GtifiCnGacykrbs;EdlxøÜnTij edaybg;
lixitGnuBaØat/ ~ of processing viBaØabnb½Rt R)ak;TUTat;smtulüKNnIenAéf¶eRkay¦
bBa¢ak;plitkmµ/ ~ of deposit viBaØabnb½Rt charges, overhead bnÞúkcMNayTUeTA
beBaØI¼ epJIR)ak;/ ~ of origin viBaØabnb½Rt charity sb,úrsFm’/ kuslkic©
RbPBedImTMnij/ ~ of quality viBaØabnb½Rt chart tarag/ KMnUssißti/ EpnTI/ BinÞúerxIy/ bøg;/
bBa¢ak;KuNPaB/ ~ of quarantine viBaØabnb½Rt organisation ~ GgÁkarelx/ sale ~ KMnUs
BinitüeraKqøg/ ~ of registration viBaØabnb½Rt taglk;/ ~ of accounts taragKNnI/ ~ of
Gnusidæ/ ~ of weight viBaØabnb½RtTMgn; general accounting bøg;KNenyüTUeTA
certified cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rtr:ab;rg charter 1> FmµnuBaØ 2> lkçnþik³ (US)
edayFnaKar rWmUlb,TanbR½tFanacMNay charter plane ynþehaHCYldwkBiess
certified public accountant (US) ¬eCIgehaHehIrmineTogTat;¦
KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; chattel mortgage (US) karbBa©aMRTBü
cessation karQb;/ ~ of business sm,tþipÞal;xøÜn
karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ check karRtYtemIl/ karEqkeqr/ ]bsKÁ/
cession n. Gnub,Tan/ karRbKl;eGay karbg¥g;/ put a ~ on imports bg¥g;karnaMcUl
¬]> kat;eGayeTAm©as;bMNul¦ check v. the accounts BinitüKNnI
ceteris paribus (other things being checkoff RbB½n§kat;R)ak;dak;shCIBeday
equal) GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl nieyaCk
16


checks and balances karRtYtemIl nig circulation cracr/ ~ of capital cracr¼
føwgGMNac karbgVil Tun/ ~ of goods cracrTMnij
cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt/ bouncing/dud/ citizen Blrdæ
rubber ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtKµanR)ak; ¬RKb;RKan; civics viC¢anaTIBlrdæ/ elaknIti
kñúgKNnI¦/ blank ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh/ cash civil suIvil/ ~ disobedience karbdiesF
a ~ ebIkR)ak;elImUlb,Tanb½Rt/ crossed ~ c,ab;rdæ/ ~ law c,ab;rdæb,evNI/ ~ liberty
mUlb,TanbR½tqUt ¬eRbIsMrab;EtbBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúg esrIPaBénBlrdæ/ ~ servant m®nþIraCkarsuIvil
KNnI¦/ dishonoured ~ mUlb,TanbR½tKµan ¬tamFmµtaminrab;bBa©ÚlTahaneT¦/
R)ak;kñúgKNnI/ traveller’s ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt ~ society sgÁmsuIvil
eTscrN_¼eFVIdMeNIr/ open/ uncrossed ~ civil status GRtanukUldæan/ ~ book
mUlb,TanbR½ttmanqUt ¬bBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúgKNnI esovePAGRtanukUldæan/ certificate of ~
k¾)an ebIkR)ak;k¾)an¦/ ~ book esovePA sMbuRtGRtanukUldæan
mUlb,TanbR½t/ ~ to bearer mUlb,Tanb½Rt civilian n. & adj. 1> CnsuIvil
KµaneQµaH/ ~ crossed specially mUlb,TanbR½t 2>énCnsuIvil
qUtBiess ¬Ca mUlb,Tanb½RtEdlbBa¢ak;lGtMi claim 1> NeTyü ¬R)ak;eKCMBak;¦/ ~ on
bEnßmnUvlkçxNÐ epSg²dUcCa eQµaHFnaKarrbs; the government NeTyüelIrdæaPi)al
GñkTTYlCaedIm¦/ ~ stubs Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t/ 2> kar tv:a¼TamTar 3> karGHGag
~ voucher b½NÑcMNaymUlb,Tanb½Rt claim v. compensation TamTarsMNg
chronic ruaMér:/ ~ unemployment PaBGt; karxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv
kargareFVIraMuér: claimant GñkTamTar/ edImecaT
chronological order tamlMdab;éf¶Ex/
clarify v. bMPøW
lMdab;erogtamkal class 1> fñak;/ vNÑ³/ social ~ vNÑ³sgÁm/
CIF (cost, insurance, freight)
economy/business/first ~ fñak;eGkUnUmI¼
éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬fñak;ekAGIynþehaHdwk
circular saracr
GñkdMeNIr¦
circular adj. EdlepJIeTAbuKÁlCaeRcIn/
classical Ebbkøasuik/ ~ view TsSn³Ebb
~ letter of credit b½NÐNTanepJIeTARKb;saxa
køasuik/ ~ economics viTüasaRsþesdækic©køasIuk
¬énFnaKarEdlecjva¦ classification cMNat;fñak;/ system of ~
circular systematic sampling
RbB½n§eFVIcMNat;fñak;
karykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§vil classify v. cat;fñak;/ eFVIcMNat;fñak;
circulating capital TunbgVil
clause 1> lkçxNÐ/ ~ of a contract

17


lkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ 2> x ¬]> xTI1/ xTI2>>>¦/ close v. an account biTKNnI
special ~ xviessénc,ab;/ terminate ~ x ¬eFVI[KNnImansmtulüsUnü¦
bBa©b;kic©snüa close company Rkumh‘unbiTCit
claw back v. R)ak;dkykmkvij ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak;Nas;¦
clean adj. s¥at/ ~ development closed economy esdækic©biTCit
mechanism ynþkarGPivDÆn_s¥ats¥M ¬rdæRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiC¢kmµ nighirBaØvtßú¦
clean bill of health viBaØabnb½RtbBa¢ak; closing entries elxnabiTbBa¢I
suxPaBl¥ closing price éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag
clean bill of lading b½NÑpÞúkTMnij RtwmRtUv closing rate GRtabiT
¬KµankMNt;RtaBITMnijxus¼xUceT¦ ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtþikarRbcaMéf¶¦
clean collection EbbEpnTUTat;BaNiC¢kmµ closing the books karbiTbBa¢I
KµanP¢ab;Éksar ¬KWeyagelIlixitCMBak;R)ak; club køib/ regional industry ~ køib
b¤mUlb,TanbR½tEdleFVItamry³FnaKar¦ ]sSahkmµtMbn;
clear v. a cheque dak;mUlb,Tanb½Rt cluster kBa©úM
eGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;karepÞrR)ak; clustering of elements smasFaturYmCakBa©úM
clear v. goods through customs coaching karbgVwk/ karbgðat;
bMeBjEbbbTKy ¬edIm,InaMcUl b¤naMecjTMnij¦ co-chair shRbFan
clear profit R)ak;cMeNjsuT§ co-creditor n. shNTayk
clearance certificate code Rkm/ commercial ~ RkmBaNiC¢kmµ/
b½NÑRtYtBinitürbs;Ky ~ of conduct/ethics RkmsIlFm’
clearance inwards TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk code kUd/ elxkUd
clearance outwards TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü co-defendant shcugecaT
clearance sale karlk;LayLúgbegðIysþúk coding kardak;elxkUd
clearing account KNnIpat;Tat; coefficient of variation emKuNbMErbMrYl
clearing bank FnaKarTUTat; cognitive level kMrityl;dwg
clearing house (banking) sPapat;Tat; coherence PaBrlUn/ PaBsuIKña
clearing the arrears eFVIkarTUTat;R)ak; cohesion karrYmsM)ac;/ karrYbrYmKña/ siniT§Bl
EdlBMuTan;)ansg ¬kMlaMgpSarP¢ab;Kña¦
clerk esµón/ bank ~ buKÁlikFnaKar coin n. & v. 1>R)ak;kas 2>e)aHR)ak;kas
clientele n. Gtifita ¬GtifiCnTaMgGs; coincidence n. karKab;CYn/ Ékb,harPaB
rbs;hagNamYy¦ collaboration kic©shkar
clinic KøInik collate v. 1> RbmUlB½t’manmkBinitü

18


eRbobeFob 2> erobcMtamlMdab; ¬Éksar¦ commercial BaNiC¢/ énBaNiC¢kmµ/ non ~
collateral loan kMcImanrbs; bBa©aM¼dak;Fana bank FnaKarGBaNiC¢/ ~ aircraft ynþehaH
collateral vtßú bBa©aM¼dak;Fana/ sc©karP½NÐ CMnYj ¬dwkGñkdMeNIr rWTMnij¦/ ~ attaché
colleague shesvik GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ bank FnaKarBaNiC¢/
collect v. payment Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ ~ bill rUbiyaNtþi/ ~ court tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ/
collecting agent/bank Pñak;gar¼FnaKar ~ credit NTanBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ dealing
RbmUlR)ak; esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ enterprise shRKas
collecting charges esah‘uyCYyRbmUlR)ak; BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ impracticability GRbtibtiþPaB
collection smuc©½y/ karRbmUl/ karTar/ debt BaNiC©kmµ/ ~ invoice vikáybRtBaNiC¢kmµ/
~ agency TIPñak;garTarbMNul/ ~ of stamps ~ paper RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ/ lixitTTYl
karsnSMTukEtm/ debit ~ karRbmUlbMNul CMBak;/ ~ port kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ register
collective CasmUhPaB/ rYm/ ~ bargaining bBa¢IBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ traveller tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ/
karcrcarCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ ~ farm ksidæanrYm/ ~ usage TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ
shkrN_ksikr/ ~ ownership kmµsiT§irYm/ commercialisation BaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ
~ work sñaédCasmUhPaB commercialise v. eFVIBaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ
collectivity smUhPaB commission 1> kMéreCIgsar/ ~ agent
collectivisation smUhPavUbnIykmµ Pñak;garTTYlkMéreCIgsar/ ~ buyer/seller
collector n. GñkRbmUl/ farm produce ~ Pñak;gartMNag Tij¼lk;/ ~ sale karlk;yk
GñkRbmUlTijplitplksikmµ/ money ~ kMéreCIgsar 2> KN³kmµkar
GñkRbmUlR)ak; commitment karebþCJa ¬karsnüadac;Nat;¦
column xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ committed credit (state budget)
combine KYbpSM/ lay/ ~ business and NTanP¢ab;snüa ¬fvikardæ¦
pleasure KYbpSMCamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarkMsanþ committee KN³kmµaFikar/ standing ~
combustion n. cMehH ¬kareqH¦ KN³kmµaFikarGcié®nþy_/ ~ of inspection
come v. into effect/force cUlCaFrman KN³kmµaFikarRtYtBinitü/ steering ~
come v. into line RBmeRBogCamYyKña KN³kmµaFikar dwknaMkargar¼nayk
come v. to an agreement QaneTAdl; commodity plitpl ¬EdleKlk;¼Tij
kic©RBmeRBog eRcIn²CaBiess vtßúFatuedIm niges,óg¦/
comfort pasukPaB/ letter of ~ lixitKaMRT ~ accounts KNnIplitpl
RKwHsßansaxa ¬kñúgkarrkx©IR)ak;¦ Common Effective Preferential
commerce BaNiC¢kmµ Tariff (CEPT) taragGnueRKaHBn§Kyman

19


RbsiT§iPaBrYm smtßkic©/ ~ party PaKImansmtßkic©
common property resources (CPR) competing lines muxTMnijRbkYtRbECg
FnFanRTBürYm competition karRbkYtRbECg/ sarmÖ/ free
common sense suPnicä½y ~ karRbkYtRbECgesrI
common stock PaKh‘unsamBaØ competitive EdlRbECg/ ~ advantage
commonwealth shFn ¬RkumrdæFøab; ]tþmPaBRbECg/ ~ examination
enAkñúgcRkPBGg;eKøs¦/ ~ of independent karRblgRbECg/ ~ market pSarRbkYtRbECg/
states shFnrdæÉkraCü ~ price éføRbkYtRbECg
communication karR)aRs½yTak;Tg/ competitiveness PaBRbkYtRbECg/
~ of information KmnaKmn_B½t’man PaBedjeCIgKña
communist adj. kumµúynisþ competitor GñkRbECg ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦
community property RTBürYmsM)ac; compile v. cgRkg
bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ complain v. t¥ÚjEt¥r/ tv:a
company Rkumh‘un/ affiliated (or complainant Gñkbþwgtv:a
associated) ~ Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½næ/ joint complaint bNþwg/ BakübNþwg
stock ~ Rkumh‘unGanamik/ limited liability complementary EdlbMeBj[KñaeTAmk
~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma/ ~ union completion karbBa©b;/ karbegðIy/ ~ of a
shPaBRkumh‘un/ subsidiary ~ Rkumh‘unsaxa/ contract karbBa©b;kic©snüa
unlimited ~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvKµankMNt;/ complex adj. misSPaK ¬sµúKsµaj¦
~ promoter sßabnikRkumh‘un/ trading ~ superiority ~ esyümanH/ inferiority ~
Rkumh‘unBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ies act c,ab;Rkumh‘un hInmanH/ complexity misSPaB
comparative advantage ]tþmPaB complex business plan bøg;GaCIvkmµ
eRbobeFob sµúKsµaj
compatibility smitPaB ¬PaBcUlKñacuH¦ complex multi-stage design bøg;eRcIn
compatriot CnrYmCati dMNak;minsamBaØ
compensating errors el¥ógb:Hb:UvKña complexity PaBsµúKsµaj/ PaBsaMjúaM
compensation karb:Hb:Uv/ sMNg compliance with, in RsbCamYy
compensatory financing facility (CFF) complicate v. eFVIeGaysµúKsµaj
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBaØvtßú complicity karcUléd
compete v. RbkYtRbECg complimentary 1> EdlsesIr
competent adj. mansmtßkic©/ 2> EdleGayTeT ¬tKitéfø¦
mansmtßPaB/ ~ authority GaCJaFrman comply Rbtibtþitam/ eFVItam

20


component smasPaK/ FatupSM ¬edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVImYy¦
composition smasPaB concerted economic action skmµPaB
compound entry elxnapÁúM esdækic©manvKÁmanesñI
¬elxnamaneRbIcab;BIbIKNnIeLIgeTA¦ concession sm,Tan/ forest ~ sm,Tan
compound growth vDÆnPaBsmas éRBeQI/ ~ holder sm,Tanik/ social land ~
compound interest karR)ak;smas sm,TandIsgÁmkic©/ price ~ sm,Tanéfø
comprehensive adj. RKb;RCugeRCay/ concessionaire sm,Tanik/ forest ~
TUlMTUlay/ ~ analysis karviPaKRKb;RCugeRCay éRBsm,Tanik
compromise karRsuHRsYl concessional, concessionary Edl
comptroller GñkRtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú pþl;sm,Tan¼GnueRKaH/ ~ loan kMcIpþl;
compulsory CakatBVkic©/ Edlxanmin)an/ sm,Tan/ ~ terms lkçxNÐsm,Tan
~ inspection GFikarkic©CakatBVkic© conciliate v. pSHpSa
computable EdlGacKNna)an conclusion n. snñidæan/ Gvsankfa
computer virus vIrus¼visaNU kMuBüÚT½r ¬PaKbBa©b;énr)aykarN_¦
comrade n. smmitþ/ shCIvin/ BYkm:ak concrete measure viFankarCak;Esþg
conceal v. lak;elom concurrence 1> karyl;RBm/ karÉkPaB
concealment karlak;elom 2>karekItdMNalKña ¬RBwtþikarN_¦
concentration karRbmUlpþúM/ land ~ condition lkçxNÐ/ working ~ lkçxNÐ
karRbmUlpþúMdIFøI/ ~ level of a substance eFVIkargar/ ~ precedent lkçxNÐbegáIt
kMritkMhab;énsarFatu katBVkic©/ ~ subsequent lkçxNÐbBa©b;
concept eKalKMnit/ TsSnaTan katBVkic©
conception TsSnaTan conditional edaymanlkçxNÐ/ ~
conceptual error el¥ógEpñkTsSnaTan acceptance karTTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ
conceptualise v. KitKUrbegáItfµI conditionality PaBmanlkçxNÐ
concern kgVl;/ RBYy)armÖ/ business ~ conducive to GMeNaypldl;
RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦/ his business is a going conduct kiriyamayaT/ karRbRBwtþi¬xøÜn¦
~ muxCMnYjrbs;Kat;kMBugdMeNIrkareTAmux conduct v. & n. 1> dwknaM/ eFVI/ dMeNIrkar
¬nigmancMeNj¦ 2> ~ of business kic©dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ
concerned EdlBak;B½n§/ ~ ministry conference snñisIT
RksYgBak;B½n§ confession n. karsarPaB/ sc©avIkrN_
concert, act in v. eFVIskmµPaBrYmKña confidential sMgat;

21


confirmation karbBa¢ak;/ ~ of order consistency 1> sgÁtPaB/ PaBsuIKña
karbBa¢ak;nUvkarbBa¢aTij/ ~ of price karbBa¢ak;éfø 2> PaBminpøas;bþÚr
confirmed letter of credit consolidated (information) ¬B½t’man¦
sarNTanGnusiT§i Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña
confirming bank FnaKarbBa¢ak; consolidated balance sheet tarag
confiscate rwbGUs ¬ykRTBü¦/ dkhUt tulükarsrub¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>>¦
conflict TMnas;/ ~ of interest TMnas;pl consolidation of balance sheets
RbeyaCn_ karRc)ac;bBa©ÚlKñanUvtaragtulükar
confrontation n. karRbTl;muxKña/ consortium kugs½rsüÚm/ smaKm
smµúxIkmµ/ ~ meeting karRbCMuTl;muxKña conspiracy n. karKitk,t;/ shk,d
confusing RcLMbl;/ gayP½nþRcLM ¬karrYmKMnitk,t;¦
confusion karP½nþRcLM/ karRcLMbl;/ constant efr/ ~ price éføefr
karRcbUkRcbl; constituency mCÄdæanGñkKaMRT/ mNÐle)aHeqñat
conglomerate Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl constitution rdæFmµnuBaØ
conscience mnsikar Constitutional Council RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ
conscientious Edlmanmnsikar/ Edlyk constitutionality FmµnuBaØPaB
citþTukdak; constraint kMhit ¬]bsKÁ¦
consensus karmUlmti/ kugsg;s‘us constructive CalkçN³ksag/ ~ criticism
consent v. & n. 1> RBm 2> karyl;RBm karTietonCalkçN³ksag
consequential EdlCavi)ak consultancy karpþl;eyabl;ÉkeTs
conservation GPirkS/karrkSa/ ~ of consultant GñkBieRKaHeyabl;
nature GPirkSFmµCati/ soil ~ GPirkSdI consultation karBieRKaHeyabl;
conservative adj. GPirkS Consultative Group (CG)
consideration karBicarNa/ under ~ kMBug RkumBieRKaHeyabl;
BinitüBicarNa consumables vtßúFatueRbIR)as;
consignee GñkTTYlTMnij consume v. eRbIR)as; ¬es,ógGahar/ n§n³>>>¦
consignee’s account, all charges to consumer GñkeRbIR)as;/ ~ basket k®nþk
ral;esah‘uycMNayCabnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlTMnij TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ credit NTansMrab;Tij
consignment n. 1> karbBa¢ÚnTMnij/ TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ goods TMnijeRbIR)as;/
~ note lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij 2> GIv:an;mYyRkum ~ price éføTMnijeRbIR)as; ¬éfølk;ray¦/
¬]>mYykugtWn½r¦EdlbBa¢ÚneTA ~ price index (CPI) snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbI
consignor GñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij R)as;/ ~ surplus plcMeNjénGñkeRbIR)as;
22


consumption kareRbIR)as;/ ~ expenditures contract v. out of an agreement dk b¤
cMNayeRbIR)as;/ home (domestic) ~ kareRbI lubkic©snüa ¬edaymankaryl;RBmCa
R)as;kñúgRsuk/ ~ curve ExSekageRbIR)as; laylkçN_GkSrBIPaKImçageTot¦
contact karCYbTak;Tg/ ~ person mnusS contract v. 1> cuHkic©snüa 2> rYmcuH ¬esdækc©¦
i
sMrab;CYbTak;Tg contract, under Cab;kic©snüa/ eRkamkic©snüa
container kugtWn½r ¬pÞúkTMnij¦ contracting party PaKIcuHkic©snüa
contemporary shkal/ shsm½y contractor GñkcuHkic©snüa/ Gñkem:Akar/
contempt karemIlgay/ ~ of court sub-contractor Gñkem:Akarbnþ
karRbmaftulakar contractual business GaCIvkmµQrelI
content 1> xøwmsar 2> matika kic©snüa
contest n. karRbECg/ karRbkYt/ contradiction bdivaTkmµ/ PaBpÞúyKña
~ a decision CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc contradictory EdlpÞúyKña
context bribT/ brikarN_ contrast n. PaBpÞúyKña/ Bütierk
contingency yfaPaB/ kartRBagTuk/ contra-transfer cuHbRBa©as/ eFVIRbtiRkanþ
~ beneficiary GtßKahkCayfaehtu/ elxna
~ plan EpnkarTukGnuvtþCayfaehtu contravene v. elµIs/ bMBan
contingent adj. GaRs½yelI ¬RBwtþikarN_GVI contribute v. rYmviPaKTan/ rYmcMENk
mYyEdlGacekIteLIg rWminekIteLIg¦/ Gnimitþ contribution viPaKTan/ karrYmcMENk/
continuity nirnþrPaB ~ in kind viPaKTanCasMPar³
continuous adj. bnþrhUt/ bnþCab; control v. RtYtBinitü/ RtYtRta
contra account KNnIbdiPaK controllable expenses cMNayRKb;RKg)an
contra entry elxnabRBa©as controlled selection CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü
¬edIm,IlubecalnUvelxnamun¦ controller GñkRtYtBinitü
contraband TMnijrt;Bn§ controlling interest, have a
contraception karbgáarkMeNIt mancMENkPaKh‘unRtYtRta ¬KWmanelIsBI
contract kic©snüa/ ~ of insurance 50°énPaKh‘unsrubrbs;Rkumh‘un¦
kic©snüaFanar:ab;rg/ ~ of sale kic©snüalk;/ controversy vaTb,divaT ¬rW vaTRbtivaT rW
~ of work kic©snüakargar karCECkrkxusRtUvCasaFarN³¦
contract (public) employee contumacy n. TudæPaB
buKÁlik¬rdæ¦Cab;kic©snüa ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦
contract law c,ab;kic©snüa convenience food Gaharevcx©b;Rsab;

23


¬EdlRsYl erobcM¼cMGin¦ Tak;TgxagCMnYj/ lixiteqøIyqøgGaCIvkmµ
convention 1> GnusBaØa 2> snñi)at correspondent bank FnaKareqøIiyqøg
3> snµtikmµ¼karsnµt corridor rebog/ Efv/ economic ~
conversation karsnÞna/ snÞnakar rebogesdækic©
conversion karbþÚr/ ~ price/rate GRtabþÚr corroborate v. bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm/
¬edIm,IKitbþÚrrUbiyvtßúmYyeTACarUbiyvtßúbreTs¦ eFVIbmaNIykrN_
convertible currency rUbiyvtßúEdlGac corruption n. GMeBIBukrlYy
bþÚrykrUbiyvtßúepSg)an cost 1> tMél 2> briyaTan 3> éføedIm
conveyance 1> karepÞr ¬kmµsiT§i¦ 4> bnÞúkcMNay/ cMNay
2> ÉksarepÞr cost accounting KNenyüéføedIm/
convict TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ KNenyüviPaK
cooperate v. eFVIshRbtibtþikar cost and freight (C & F)
cooperative adj. & n. éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún
1> EdleFVIshRbtibtþikar 2> shkrN_ cost of goods sold or cost of sales
coordinates niyamkar ¬ry³TTwg¼ry³beNþay¦ éføedImTMnijlk;ecj
co-owner, co-proprietor shkmµsiT§ikr/ cost of living éføRTRTg;CIvPaB
m©as;kmµsiT§irYmKña cost price éføedIm
co-ownership shkmµsiT§i cost, historical tMélTijcUl
co-property RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña cost, insurance, freight (CIF)
copyright siT§icMlg/ rkSasiT§i éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún
core sñÚl/ ~ budget fvikasñÚl/ ~ funding cost, manufacturing éføedImplitkmµ
mUlniFisñÚl/ ~ resources FnFansñÚl cost-benefit analysis karviPaKcMNay
corn n. (US) eBat/ baby ~ esñóteBat ¬bEnø¦ nigplcMeNj
corporate state rdæshRKin cost-effective adj. EdlmanRbsiT§PaB
corporation saCIvkmµ/ multinational ~ cMNay
saCIvkmµBhuCati/ ~ tax (GB) Bn§elIR)ak; costing karKNnaéføedIm
cMeNjRkumh‘un Council of Ministers TIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI
correct adj. RtwmRtUv counter bBa¢r
correlated response variance v:arIy:g; counter party bdiPaKI
cMelIyTak;Tin counter valuation bdiekaslvic©½y
correlation shsm<½n§/ TMnak;TMng counterbalance v. raMgxÞb;T§iBl
correspondence, business karsresr countermand bdiesFbgÁab;munecal/

24


ecjRbtiGaNtþi credit bank FnaKarNTan
counter-offer kareGayéføelI ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ credit bureau kariyal½ypþl;B½t’man
counterpart smPaKI BIkitþinam ¬énshRKas>>>¦
counterpart adj. bdiPaK/ ~ entry credit in kind NTanvtßú ¬minEmnCaR)ak;¦
elxnabdiPaK/ ~ fund mUlniFibdiPaK credit institution sßab½nNTan
counter-revolution n. Rbtibdivtþn_ credit market TIpSarNTan
country report r)aykarN_sþIBIRbeTs credit n. & adj. & v. 1> NTan
country-representative office 2> NTayI 3> kt;RtaxagNTan
kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs credit plus NTanbUk ¬NTanEdl
country-risk analysis karviPaKeRKaHRbeTs KitKUrTaMgkarCYyCaR)ak;kas nigbec©keTs¦
coupe, forest éRBKub credit rating cMNat;fñak;NTan/
court clerks RkLabBa¢I smtßPaBsgbMNulrbs;Gñkx©I
court or lawcourt sala kat;kþI¼CMrHkþI credit restrictions kMhiténNTan
covenant karRBmeRBogCapøÚvkar credit risk haniP½yénNTan
cover note (insurance) kMNt;sMGag credit sale karlk;eCO
¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ credit slip b½NÑsMeNANTan/ skçIb½Rt
cover price éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelI NTan
RkbesovePA/ TsSnavdþI >>>¦ credit solvency lT§PaBsgbMNul
cover, banking R)ak;Fana credit status CMhrNTan
cover, full (insurance) b½NÑFanar:ab;rgelI credit terms lkçxNÐNTan
haniP½yRKb;RbePT credit worthiness PaBKYr)anTTYlNTan
cover, temporary (insurance) credit worthy borrower Gñkx©IR)ak;
b½NÑFanar:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ EdlKYreGayTukcitþ
coverage kar¼TMhM RKbdNþb; credit, open NTanKµandak;vtßúFana
¬]> edayb½NÑFanar:ab;rg¦ ¬sMrab;GtifiCnl¥rbs;FnaKar¦
craftsmanship n. htßekaslü credit, tax NTanBn§
creation n. karbegáIt/ mabnkmµ/ nimiµtkmµ/ credit, trade NTanCMnYj ¬pþl;[shRKas
mabnvtßú manTMnak;TMngCMnYjCamYyKña¦
creative thinking KMnitécñRbDit creditor NTayk/ m©as;bMNul
creativity KMnitécñRbDit credulity n. PaBgayeCO/ sT§aluPaB
credibility PaBKYr[eCO/ kitþinam creeping inflation GtiprNasnSwm²

25


crime bTelµIsRBhµT½NÐ currency operation RbtibtþikarelI
criteria, criterion lkçN³vinicä½y rUbiyvtßú ¬dUcCakarbþÚrR)ak;CaedIm ¦
crop n. dMNaM/ pldMNaM/ supplementary ~ current account or checking
dMNaMrYmpSM account (US) KNnIcrnþ
cross check epÞógKñaeTAvijeTAmk current adj. crnþ/ ~ expenditures cMNaycrnþ
cross class fñak;qøg current assets RTBüskmµ crnþ¼cl½t
cross rate, exchange cross rate current liabilities RTBüGkmµcrnþ
GRtabþÚrrUbiyb½NÑepÞógpÞat; ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak; current price éføcrnþ/ éføbc©úb,nñ/ ~ list
eFobtam rUbiyvtßúTI3 dUcCa duløar¦ taragéføcrnþ
cross border (trade) qøgkat;RBMEdn current revenue cMNUlcrnþ
¬BaNiC¢kmµ¦ ¬cMNUlCaRbcaM kñúgÉksarxøH¦
crossed cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtqUt current account holder m©as;KNnIcrnþ
cross-examine v. karsYrbBa¢ak;sakSI current market rate GRtaéføTIpSarRbcaMéf¶
epÞógpÞat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun curtailment karkat;bnßy
cross-voting n. kare)aHeqñateGayKNbkS curve ExSekag/ aggregate supply ~
epSg ¬minEmnKNbkSxøÜn¦ ExSekagpÁt;pÁg;srub
crude oil eRbgeqA custody (keeping) karrkSaTuk
culprit n. BiruT§ikCn custom of the port (COP)
cultivated land dIdaMduH TMenomTMlab;Ep
culture vb,Fm’/ ~ of impunity vb,Fm’ custom-built/made ksag¼eFVI Biess
rYceTas sMrab;GtifiCnNamñak;
cumulated list bBa¢IbUkRtYt customer GtifiCn
curb v. Tb;sáat; customs house TIcat;karKy
curfew bMrameKacr customs Ky/ ~ agent Pñak;garKy/
currency rUbiyvtßú/ hard ~ rUbiyvtßúxøaMg ~ Department TIcat;karKynigrdæakr/
¬rbs;RbeTsmanesdækic©maMmYn niggaybþÚr ~ breach bTelµIsc,ab;Ky/ ~ declaration
ykrUbiyvtßúepSgeTot¦/ soft ~ rUbiyvtßúexSay RbtievTn_Ky/ ~ examination karRtYtBinitü
currency in circulation rUbiyvtßúkñúgcracr énPñak;garKy/ ~ frontier RBMEdnKy/
currency of account rUbiyvtßúykmkKitKUr ~ invoice vikáybRtKy/ ~ permit lixit
currency of payment rUbiyvtßúTUTat; GnuBaØatBITIcat;karKy/ ~ regulations
currency of the contract rUbiyvtßúén bTbBaØtþiKy/ ~ tariff taragBn§Ky/
kic©snüa ~ territory tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKy

26


Gactamcab;TMnij)an¦ date, interest to R)ak;karmkTl;bc©úb,nñ
customs broker buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaM day éf¶/ settlement ~ éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBaI¢
TMnijqøgkat;Ky ¬bMerIeGayRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún¦ day labourer BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶/ TinikCn
customs duties (or dues) Bn§Ky day-release 1> éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦
cycle vdþ/ suIkø/ xYb/ CMu/ ~ of poverty 2> RbB½n§EdlGnuBaØat[nieyaCitsMrakBIkargar
vdþénPaBRkIRk edIm,IeronsURt
DCB (Domestic Competitive Bidding)
karedjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk
D, d de facto tamkarCak;Esþg/ tamRBwtþin½y/
~ management karRKb;RKgtamRBwtþin½y
daily RbcaMéf¶/ ~ sales return cMNUllk; de jure tampøÚvc,ab;
RbcaMéf¶ dead account KNnIQb;eRbI/ KNnIgab;
damage karxUcxat/ Gnþray/ ~ by dead loss karxatbg;srub
seawater GnþrayedaysarTwksmuTÞ dead money R)ak;gab;/ R)ak;minykeTAeFVI
damages R)ak;sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat karrksuI
danger money R)ak;pþl;bEnßmsMrab;kargar dead season rdUvs¶b;skmµPaB
maneRKaHfñak; ¬]> rdUvlk;dUrminsUvdac;¦
DARE (Demand and Resource deadline kalkMNt;/ kalbriecäTdl;kMNt;
Evaluation) karvaytMélFnFan nigtMrUvkar deadlock PaBTal;Rck break the ~
data Tinñn½y/ enter v. ~ bBa©ÚlTinñn½y TMlayPaBTal;Rck
data processing karcat;EcgTinñn½y dead-weight 1> TMgn;nicl/ TMgn;gab;
database mUldæanTinñn½y ¬KµanCYybMerIkar¦
data-collection stage dMNak;kalRbmUl deal karRBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ GabNsBaØa/
Tinñn½y get a good ~ Tij)anefak/ package ~
date kalbriecäT/ éf¶Ex/ interest to ~ karRBmeRBogCakBa©b;
karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ dealer BaNiC¢kr
date a cheque forward cuHkalbriecäT dealership TMnak;TMngCMnYjpþac;mux
GnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt dealing karlk;dUrh‘unenApSarh‘un/ CMnYj,
date of maturity éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak;/ commercial ~ esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ fair ~ CMnYj
NRbtiTan/ Rsbc,ab;/ insider ~ karCYjdUrh‘uneday
date, by the due dl;éf¶kMNt; GñképÞkñúg ¬EdldwgB½t’mansMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦

27


dear éfø ¬pÞúynwgefak¦ decent smrmü/ ~ livelihood CIvPaBsmrmü
dear money R)ak;x©ImanR)ak;karx<s; decentralisation n. vimCÄkar
dearth of investment kgVHvinieyaK decentralise v. eFVIvimCÄkar/ decentralised
death mrNPaB/ karsøab;/ ~ certificate power GMNacvimCÄkar
sMbuRtmrNPaB/ ~ in service benefit deciding vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB ¬e)aHeqñat¦
R)ak;bMNac;mrNPaB decile n. TsPaK ¬sßiti¦
death rate GRtamrN³ decimal n. & adj. 1> elxTsPaK
debate karCECkedjedal ¬]> enAsPa¦ 2> TsPaK
debenture sBaØab½NÑ ¬ry³eBlEvg²¦/ decision esckþIsMerc/ ~ maker GñkeFVI
lixitbMNul/ register of ~ bBa¢IeQµaHGñk esckþIsMerc/ ~ making kareFVIesckþIsMerc/
kan;sBaØab½NÑrbs;Rkumh‘un/ ~ holder ~ tree KMnUsedImeQIénRbB½n§sMerc
Gñkkan;sBaØab½NÑ declaration 1> kar¼esckþI Rbkas
debit n. & adj. & v. 1> NBn§ 2> lixitRbkas/ RbtievTn_/ customs ~
2> Nayik 3> kt;RtaxagNBn§ RbtievTn_Ky/ tax ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn§
debit/credit memorandum or declared value tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_
debit/credit memo kMNt;ehtu NBn§¼ decline n. karFøak;cuHyWt²
NTan b¤ Rbkas NBn§¼NTan declining balance method of
debt bMNul/ ~ holder embMNul/ bad ~ depreciation viFIrMls;fyCalMdab;
bMNul GaRkk;¼Bi)akTar/ doubtful ~ bMNul decoding karbkRsayelxkUd
sgS½y/ irrecoverable ~ bMNulTarmin)an/ ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦
~ crisis vibtþibMNul/ ~ ratio smaPaKbMNul/ deconcentration vishmCÄkar
secured/unsecured ~ bMNul man¼Kµan decrease karFøak;cuH/ karfycuH/ ~ in price
dak;RTBüFana karFøak;éfø
debt-collection letter lixitTarR)ak; decree Rkwtü
debt-for-nature swaps bMNuledaHdUr de-dollarisation bdiduløarUbnIykmµ
nwgFmµCati deduct v. kat;kg/ pat;ecj/ after deducting
debtor kUnbMNul/ Nvnþ depreciation eRkay)anpat;rMls;
decadence n. PaBcuHGab;»n/ GtßgÁt deductible adj. EdlGackat;kgecj/ tax
decapitalise n. dkTunecj ~ EdlGackat;kgecjBIcMNUlCab;Bn§
deceased n. Gñksøab; deductive method viFITajehtupl/
decennial population census viessanumanviFI
CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaMTsvtSr_
28


deed 1> kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr deflator (GDP) snÞsSn_britþprNa ¬pss¦
2> GMeBI ¬l¥ rW GaRkk;¦/ good ~ kuslkic© deforestation karkab;éRBeQI/ vivnkar
deed of assignment lixitepÞrkmµsiT§ defrauder GñkbnøM ¬]> Bn§¦
¬BIkUnbMNuleTAm©as;bMNul¦ defray ecjcMNayCYs
deed of conveyance lixitepÞrkmµsiT§i degradation TuBVlPaB/ karbBa©úHKuNPaB
GclnRTBü del credere R)ak; ¬bUkbEnßmsMrab;¦
default karxusqÁg/ karxVHxat/ karKµan FanakarTUTat;/ ~ clause RbkarFanaTUTat;/
lT§PaBsg ~ commission kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat;
default of acceptance karminTTYlRBm delay 1> karyWty:av/ ry³kalkMNt;
defendant n. cugecaT yWty:av/ ~ in delivery karRbKl;yWty:av/
deferred payments karsgR)ak;bNþak; 2> karBnüaeBl/ grant a ~ pþl;karBnüaeBl
¬eRcInelIk¦ delegate power eFVIRbtiPUkmµGMNac/
deferred share PaKh‘unEdlTTYlPaKlaP rMElkGMNac/ epÞrGMNac
eRkayeK delegation 1> karepÞr ¬siT§iGMNac¦

deferred/unearned revenue ¬R)ak;¦
2> KN³RbtiPU
deliberation karBiPakSaedjedal
cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg
delinquent adj. 1> hYskalkMNt;
kariybriecäTeRkay²¦
deficiency PaBminRKb;RKan;/ ~ in weight
2> min)anbMeBjkatBVkic©edayectna
delinquent n. GnItiCnRbRBwtþelµIs
PaBxVHTMgn;
deliver v. RbKl;
deficient reserves R)ak;bMrugxVH
delivered at duty paid RbKl;enAkEnøg
deficient supply karpÁt;pÁg;mankgVHxat
deficit »nPaB/ balance of payments/
)anbg;Bn§ehIy
delivered at frontier RbKl;enARBMEdn
trade ~ »nPaBCBa¢Ij TUTat;¼BaNiC¢kmµ/ budget
delivery karRbKl;/ ~ against payment
~ »nPaBfvika/ meet v. a ~ bMeBj»nPaB
deficit financing hirBaØb,Tan»nPaB
RbKl;TMnijeBlmankarTUTat;/ ~ order b½NÑ
deflate the economy eFVIbritþprNa
bBa¢aeGayRbKl;TMnij/ ~ by instalments
esdækic© ¬tamry³karkat;bnßysac;R)ak;pÁt;pÁg; RbKl;TMnijtamdMNak;kal/ ~ note lixit
rW cMNayrdæaPi)al¦ RbKl;TMnij ¬[eTAGtifiCn CamYyKñanwgTMnij¦
demagogue n. GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ/ RbCaPiftik³
deflation britþprNa ¬sPaBkarN_TMnij
demand tMrUvkar/ sMNUmBr/ ~ bill/draft
cuHéføCaTUeTA ¦
deflationary gap KMlatbritþprNa
lixitbþÚrykR)ak; ¬eBlbgðajFnaKar¦/

29


~ curve ExSekagtMrUvkar/ ~ deposit R)ak; dependability PaBGacBwgBak;)an
beBaØIcrnþ/ ~ exceeds supply tMrUvkarelIs depletion karfycuHeRcIn²/ kareRbIGs;/ tnukmµ
karpÁt;pÁg;/ ~ loan kMcIKµankalkMNt; depletive asset RTBüfycuHtamkareRbIR)as;
¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ deport v. nireTs
demand, to be in poor minsUvmantMrUvkar deposit R)ak;beBaØI/ nikçitP½NÐ/ certificate of
demarcation (boundary) karkMNt; ~ RbkasnIyb½RtbeBaØI/ demand ~ R)ak;
RBMRbTl; beBaØIcrnþ/ guaranteed ~ nikçitP½NÐFana/
demilitarise v. dkT½Becj/ eFVIvieyaFkmµ savings ~ R)ak;beBaØIsnSM/ fixed/time ~
de-mining kare)assMGatmIn R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt;/ ~ bank FnaKar
demise 1> Ptisnüa/ kic©snüaCYl TTYlR)ak;beBaØI/ ~ guaranty account KNnI
2> mrNPaB R)ak;tMkl;Fana/ ~ in transit R)ak;beBaØIkMBug
demobilise v. rMsay ¬kgT½B¦ epÞr/ ~ receipt bgáan;édTTYlR)ak;beBaØI/
democratisation ~ slip b½NÑsresrepJIR)ak;
RbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmµ/ RbCanuvDÆn¾ deposit R)ak;kk;
demographic rate (birth, death ...) deposit (minerals...) RsTab;Er:
GRtaRbCasaRsþ ¬kMeNIt/ mrN³ >>>¦ deposit v. 1> kk; 2> tMkl;R)ak;/ epJIR)ak;
demonetise karbBa©b;tMéleRbIR)as;én ¬enAFnaKar¦
RkdasR)ak;¼kak; depositor GñkepJIR)ak;
denationalisation niCatUbnIykmµ/ karbþÚr depreciate v. Føak;éfø
RTBüsm,tþirdæeTACaÉkCn depreciation 1> karFøak;éfø¼tMél
denial, flat karRbEkkdac;Ghgáar 2> ¬kar¦ rMls; 3> karswkerc
denominated in USD (cheque) depreciation allowance (accounting)
carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ TayC¢TaneGaydl;rMls;
denomination ÉktatMélénRkdasR)ak; depress v. sgát;cuH ¬TIpSar/ GarmµN_/
¬rW kak;¦ Qñan;RhVaMgrfynþ >>>¦
denominator (fraction) PaKEbg depression, economic vism<aFesdækic©
density dg;sIuet deputy prime minister ]bnaykrdæm®nþI
Department of Overseas Trade deputy chairman GnuRbFan
naykdæanBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs deputy manager naykrg/ bNÑaFikarrg
Department of Public Prosecution deregulate v. eFVIbdiniy½tkmµ
GgÁkarGyükar dereliction of duty kare)aHbg;Parkic©
department store PNÐaKar

30


derivative instrument (banking) diagram KMnUsbMRBYj
]bkrN_nisSnÞ differentiate v. Ejk
descendant bcäaCn differentiation karEjkeGayeXIjPaBxusKña
description 1> karBiBN’na digit elx/ single ~ inflation GtiprNa
2> RbePTTMnij/ ~ of goods karraymuxTMnij mantYelxEtmYyxÞg;
desertification rehadæanIykmµ ¬kareFVI[ digital EdlbgðajCaelx/ DIhSúItal;
eTACavalrehadæan¦ digitalised economy esdækic©erxUbnIykmµ
design karrcnatak;Etg/ bøg;/ ~ effect dignitary sSrCn
T§iBlénbøg;/ ~ weight TMgn;bøg; dignity PaBéføfñÚr/ sSrPaB
design v. rcnatak;Etg dilemma n. sßanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsd¾Bi)ak
designation letter lixit]eTÞsnam dimension TMhM/ TidæPaB ¬énsPaBkarN_GVImYy¦
¬GñktMNag>>>¦ direct adj. pÞal;/ foreign ~ investment
desk study karsikSaenAkariyal½y (FDI) vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs/ ~ cost tMél
detailed adj. lMGit/ ~ instructions plitpÞal;/ briyaTanpÞal;/ ~ exchange
bTbBa¢alMGit karedaHdUredaypÞal;/ ~ export karnaMecj
deteriorated Gn;KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ edaypÞal;/ ~ tax Bn§pÞal;
deterioration karGn;fy ¬KuNPaB/ éfø>>>¦ direct v. tMrg;Tis
determine v. kMNt; direction 1> Tis/ TisedA 2> esckþIENnaM/
detriment karxUcRbeyaCn_ provide ~ and guidance pþl;TisedA
detrimental Edl eFVIeGayxUcRbeyaCn_¼ nigkarENnaM ¬[eFVIGVImYy¦
bgáeRKaHfñak; directive karcg¥úlTis/ bTENnaM/ ~ on
devalue v. bBa©úuHtMélrUbiyvtßú ¬eFobnwg wages and prices bTENnaMsþIBIebovtSr_nigéfø
rUbiyvtßúÉeTot²¦ direct-lending schemes kmµviFINTanpÞal;
development karGPivDÆn_/ karlUtlas;/ ~ director nayk
yuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_/ ~ aid CMnYyGPivDÆn_/
strategies director-general GKÁnayk/ deputy ~
~ project KMeragGPivDÆn_/ Development Triangle GKÁnaykrg
Zone tMbn;GPivDÆn_RtIekaN directory 1> bBa¢IrayeQµaH
deviation 1> kargakecj 2> KMlat 2> ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦
devise n. Gc©½yTanCaGclnRTBü direct-transit trade BaNiC¢kmµqøgkat;pÞal;
¬tammrtksasn_¦ disability BikarPaB
diagnosis n. eraKvinicä½y disadvantage plvi)ak/ KuNvibtþi

31

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