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វចនានុក្រមបច្ចេកទេស ១​

Part One of the Economic Lexicon provides English to Khmer translations of economic and development terms. It is divided into two sections, with the first section translating terms from English to Khmer. The second section is new and provides translations from Khmer to English. The lexicon contains translations for many technical terms from fields such as accounting, banking, finance, and economics to help readers understand development literature and documents in both English and Khmer.

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sTÞanuRkmesdækic© Economic Lexicon PaKTI 1³ Gg;eKøs - Exµr Part One: English – Khmer PaKTI 2³ Exµr - Gg;eKøs Part Two: Khmer – English erobcMeday Epñke)aHBum<pSay én viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa Cambodia Development Resource Institute PMñeBj/ tula 2006
Economic Lexicon Copyright © 2006 Cambodia Development Resource Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of the Cambodia Development Resource Institute. ISBN 99950-52-00-8 Cambodia Development Resource Institute 56 Street 315, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh PO Box 622, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603 (855-23) 880-734 e-mail: cdri@camnet.com.kh website: http://www.cdri.org.kh Editing: Publishing Team Design and Layout: Em Sorany and Oum Chantha Printed and bound in Cambodia by JSRC Printing House
Foreword I am pleased to introduce a new edition of CDRI’s Economic Lexicon, an English- Khmer and Khmer-English guide to technical terms in economics and related fields such as accounting, banking, finance, and development. CDRI's recent experience in publishing, and contributing to a range of publications, conferences, seminars and workshops, has shown that there is a real need for such a resource to assist stakeholders in Cambodia's development to use more standard and easily understood terms in Khmer and English when writing about development issues. Our new 2006-10 Strategic Plan includes a commitment to produce research products that are more flexible and appropriate for Cambodia. This new edition of the Economic Lexicon is an expression of that commitment. We hope that it will help promote the expansion of development material originally written in Khmer, and the quality of translation from English material into Khmer. The lexicon is in two parts. Part 1: The English-Khmer Lexicon, is a revision and expansion of the last edition published in 1995. Over the past 10 years there have been many developments in technical language. This is especially true for the Khmer language, where many new words have been created and many others have changed their meaning or become more specific. Also, many more technical Khmer documents are being produced by various institutions taking different approaches to the use of language. CDRI, like many other institutions, publishes technical and policy documents on a wide range of development-related topics. Wherever possible, CDRI's editorial team makes great efforts to use words that are already in use in official documents and to refrain from creating new words. This is not always easy as official documents may use different Khmer words to express the same meaning, so choices have to be made as to what would be the most commonly understood word or term. Sometimes a new word or term needs to be used for a new concept which -i-
does not yet have a specific translation in Khmer. Wherever possible a combination of simple words is used to express any new idea or concept. Part II, The Khmer-English Lexicon, is new. It has been compiled in response to requests from many of our readers who may have some difficulty with Khmer technical terms, especially new ones. Where there is no exact equivalent, this lexicon provides the nearest translation. It does not contain a detailed explanation for each word, and the reader is advised to use the English word to further research its meaning. The reason the lexicon contains many headwords of Pali or Sanskrit origin is that their meaning is not immediately obvious to the general public. Wherever any one particular word is not very much in use, the reader is referred to another word more frequently used or more readily understandable. Extensive research and the opinions of many people have gone into the compilation of this lexicon. CDRI would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this final product. We hope this lexicon will serve as a tool to help readers to make better use of both CDRI publications and the broader development literature. We see the lexicon as a continuous ''work in progress' so would welcome any comments or suggestion from readers to help improve and expand on the current edition. Larry Strange Executive Director CDRI October 2006 -ii-
buBVkfa ´manesckþIrIkraysUmENnaMbgðajCUnnUv sTÞanuRkmecjpSayfµIeday vbsG EdlCa bNþúMBakübkERb Gg;eKøs-Exµr nig Exµr-Gg;eKøs kñúgvis½yCMnajbec©keTsCaeRcIn dUcCaxag KNenyü FnaKar hirBaØvtßú nigkarGPivDÆn_CaedIm . bTBiesaFn_naeBlfµI²rbs; vbsG kñúgkar e)aHBum<pSay nigkarcUlrYmeFVIGtßbTpSBVpSaysnñisIT sikçasala )anbgðajfa ÉksarEbbenH mantMrUvkareRcIn sMrab;CYydl;mCÄdæanGñkBak;B½n§nwgkargarGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa kñúgkareRbIR)as; BaküExµr nigGg;eKøs [)anÉkPaBKña niggayyl; enAeBlsresrGtßbTBIbBaðaGPivDÆn_ . enAkñúgEpnkaryuT§saRsþ vbsG qñaM2006-10 manEcgBIkartaMgcitþksagplitplRsavRCavEdl smRsbsMrab;RbeTskm<úCa . sTÞanuRkmenH KWCalT§plmYyénkartaMgcitþenH ehIysgÇwmfa nwg GacCYyCMrujkarsresrGtßbTedIm CaPasaExµrEtmþg RBmTaMgCYybegáInKuNPaBkarbkERb ÉksarGg;eKøsCaPasaExµr . snÞanuRkmenHmanEbgEckecjCaBIrPaK . PaK1 KWCasnÞanuRkmGg;eKøs-Exµr EdlCa ÉksarBRgIkbEnßm elIsnÞanuRkme)aHBum<pSayelIkTI2 eday vbsG enAqñaM1995 . kñúgry³eBl 10qñaMknøgmk BaküeBcn_bec©keTsmankarvivtþn_Evgq¶ayNas; . edayELkenAkñúgPasaExµr man karbegáItBaküfµICaeRcIn nigmanBaküBImunCaeRcIneTotEdl)anERbRbYln½y rWk¾mann½ykan;EtCak; lak;EfmeTot . mü:ageTot sßab½nnanak¾ksag ÉksarCaPasaExµr)aneRcInNas;Edr edayman EbbbTxus²KñakñúgkareRbIR)as;BaküeBcn_ . vbsG k¾dUcsßab½nÉeTotEdr )ane)aHBum<pSayÉksarbec©keTsmYycMnYnFM EdlBak;B½n§ nwgRbFanbTCaeRcIn . RkumGñkniBn§sTÞanuRkmenH )anxwtxMkt;RtaykBaküNaEdlmaneRbIrYc ehIyenAkñúgÉksarpøÚvkarnana nigeCosvagkarbegáItBaküfµI . b:uEnþviFIenHminGacGnuvtþ)anCab; rhUteT BIeRBaHmanÉksarpøÚvkarmYycMnYn)aneRbIBaküxusKñaedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIn½yEtmYydUcKña . dUecñH ehIy k¾RtUvmankareRCIserIsykBaküNaEdleKGacyl;n½y)anCaTUeTACag . CYnkaleTot BaküfµIRtUvEtbegáIteLIgedIm,IsMKal;Gtßn½ymYyEdlminTan;manBaküExµrsMrab;ehAy:agCak;lak; . kñúgkrNIEbbenH nigtamlT§PaBGaceFVIeTA)an KWEtgGnuvtþykBaküsamBaزmkpÁMúKña edIm,IbegáIt CaBakümann½yfµImYyeTot . -iii-
PaK2³ snÞanuRkm Exµr-Gg;eKøs³ PaKenHKWCaÉksarcgRkgfµITaMgRsug edIm,IeqøIytbnwg sMNUmBrrbs;GñkGanCaeRcIn Edl)anCYbbBaðaxøH²Bak;B½n§nwgBakübec©keTsExµr CaBiess BaküfµI² . kñúgkrNIBMuGacrk)anBaküesµI snÞanuRkmenHmanpþl; BakübkERbEdlmann½yEk,rKña bMput . snÞanuRkmenHBMumanpþl;karBnül;n½ylMGitelIBakünImYy²eT b:uEnþGñkGanGaceRbIR)as; BaküGg;eKøs edIm,IeFVIkarRsavRCavn½ybEnßmeTot)an . mü:ageTot snÞanuRkmmankt;RtaBakü CaeRcInEdlmanb£sKl;ecjBI)alI rWsMRsáwt BIeRBaHmanGñkGanCaeRcInminGacyl;n½yrbs;va)an Pøam²eT . kñúgkrNIBaküNamYyminsUvmaneKeRbIR)as;snÞanuRkmmancuHBakümYyeTotEdlRkum GñkniBn§yl;famankareRbIR)as; jwkjab;Cag rWk¾Gacqab;yl;)anCag . snÞanuRkmenH)ancgRkgeLIg edaymankarRsavRCavy:agTUlMTUlay nigkarCYymtiBI GñkmancMeNHdwgCMnajCaeRcInnak; . vbsG sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;RKb;²KñaEdl)ancUlrYmcMENk CYyeRCamERCg[smiT§iplfµIenHelcecjCarUbrageLIg . vbsG sgÇwmfa snÞanuRkmenHkøayCa ]bkrN_mYyCYydl;GñkGannanakñúgkareRbIR)as;ÉksarepSg²rbs; vbsG RBmTaMgÉksarxag GPivDÆn_epSg²eTot . vbsG cat;TukÉksarenHCa {kargarbnþeTAmuxCanic©} ehIysUmsVaKmn_ RKb;mtieyabl;BIGñkGan edIm,IeFVIkarEklMG nigBRgIksTÞanuRkm[)aneCOnelOneTAmuxeTot . PñMeBj/ Extula qñaM2006 LarI e®sþn© naykRbtibtþi vbsG -iv-
PaKTI 1 Gg;eKøs-Exµr Part One: English–Khmer Part One: English–Khmer
Economic Lexicon Part 1 abuse of trust karrMelaPesckþITukcitþ A, a abuse of process karbMBanelInItiviFI accelerate v. BenøÓn a posteriori kñúgbcäakal accelerated depreciation method abacus n. k,ac; ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab; viFIKitrMls;bgçM Kitelx¦ accept (a bill of exchange) TTYlRBm abandonment of a trade (occupation) ¬rUbiyaNtþi>>>¦ kare)aHbg;muxCMnYjGVImYy accept deposit v. TTYl R)ak;beBaØI¼R)ak; abatement karbnßy ¬éfø/ Bn§>>>¦ tMkl; aberration karXøatBIsPaBFmµta/ acceptance karTTYlRBm/ notification of kMritxusKña/ karP½nþRcLM ~ lixitCUndMNwgkarTTYlRBm/ present a bill abeyance karp¥ak/ goods in ~ TMnijKµan for ~ bgðajrUbiyaNtþiedIm,IsMukarbBa¢ak; GñkTTYl TTYlsÁal;/ ~ in full karTTYlRBmTaMgRsug abide v. eKarB/ eFVItam/ ~ by a promise acceptance certificate viBaØabnb½Rt kan;Baküsnüa TTYlRBm abolish v. lubecal access 1> lT§PaB)aneRbIR)as; above-mentioned dUcmanEcgxagelI 2> lT§PaB¼pøÚv eTAdl; abrogate v. TukCanarakrN_ accessible price éføEdlGacTijdUr)an absolute acceptance karTTYlRBmTaMg accession n. 1> ])aKmn_ ¬kar)anCa Rsug kmµsiT§inUvvtßúrNb¦ 2> karcUlCasmaCik absolute advantage ]tþmPaBdac;xat accident insurance absolute majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn karFanar:ab;rgelIeRKaHfñak; dac;xat ¬CagBak;kNþaléncMnYnGñkmke)aH acclimate v. pSa‘¿nwgGakasFatufµI eqñat¦ accord karRBmeRBog absolute poverty PaBRkIRkCak;Esþg/ accordance karGnuBaØateGay/ in ~ with PaBRkIRkdac;xat edayGnuelameTAtam absolute (total) loss kMhatsrubsuT§ account KNnI absorption karRsUbcUl/ karbBa©ÚlCasaxa account amended KNnI)anEksMrYl absorptive capacity smtßPaBRsUbyk account book esovePAKNnI abstain Gnub,vaT account currency rUbiyvtßúTUTat; abstract n. & v. 1> sMrg;GtßbT 2> eFVI account day éf¶TUTat; GrUbIykmµ 1
Economic Lexicon Part 1 account holder m©as;KNnI accrued (interest/rent...) income account payable KNnIRtUvsg cMNUl ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm account payee only sMrab;EtsgcUlKNnI accrued interest karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm account receivable KNnIRtUvTar/ KNnI accumulate bgÁrTuk/ smac½y/ bUkRtYt/ GtifiCn accumulated depreciation rMls;bgÁrTuk account, sales r)aykarN_lk;TMnij accuracy PaBCak;lak;/ PaBRtwmRtUv account, unit of ÉktaKit accused n. CnCab;ecaT account, domestic KNnIépÞkñúg acknowledge receipt (of a cheque...) account, expense KNnIcMNay TTYlsÁal;karTTYl ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt>>>¦ account, outstanding acknowledge v. TTYlsÁal; KNnIenAminTan;sg acknowledgment (of receipt) accountability KNenyüPaB ¬PaBTTYl esckþIbBa¢ak;fa)anTTYl xusRtUv¦/ to demand ~ from TamTar acquire v. eFVIlT§kmµ KNenyüPaBBI acquisition lT§kmµ/ kar)anmkCakmµsiT§i accountancy KNenyü (GB)/ KNenyükic© acquittance roll b½NÑsgR)ak; accountant KNenyükr/ chartered ~ or act of war ehtuekIteLIgedays®gÁam/ public ~ (US) KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; sßanPaBsßitkñúgs®gÁam accounting KNenyü (US)/ financial ~ acting chairman/woman RbFansþITI KNenyühirBaØvtßú/ tax ~ KNenyüBn§dar activate eFVIeGayskmµeT,Ig accounting analysis karviPaKKNenyü activity skmµPaB/ business ~ skmµPaB accounting cycle vdþKNenyü GaCIvkmµ accounting period RKaKNenyü/ actor tYGgÁ/ economic ~ tYGgÁesdækic© KNenyükal act of God RbFanskþi accounting plan bøg;KNenyü actual Cak;Esþg/ ~ delivery karRbKl; accounting price éføKNenyü Cak;Esþg/ ~ order karbBa¢aTijCak;Esþg accounting statement ad hoc committee KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic© r)aykarN_KNenyü ad valorem duty Bn§yktaméfø accounting system RbB½n§KNenyü ad valorem freight éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij accreditation karEtgtaMg/ karTTYlsÁal; addendum, law on c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm accredited party PaKITTYlsarNTan additional bEnßm/ ~ insurance karFana accrued (interest/rent...) expense r:ab;rgbEnßm/ ~ premium buBVlaPbEnßm cMNay ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm 2
Economic Lexicon Part 1 additional profit tax (APT) ¬svnakarEdlKUkþItTl;Kña¦ Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjbEnßm adverse minl¥/ minGMeNaypl/ ~ factor/ addressee GñkTTYl ¬lixit¦/ GñkEdlRtUvTTYl trade balance ktþa¼CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ adequate smlµm minGMeNaypl adjourn v. elIkvarkal/ p¥ak advertise v. pSayBaNiC¢kmµ adjudicate CMrHkþI advertisement, advertising adjusting entries (accounting) karpSayBaNiC¢kmµ elxnaEktMrUv advertising campaign yuT§nakarpSay adjustment kMENtMrUv/ ~ account KNnI BaNiC¢kmµ EktMrUv/ ~ factor (AF) ktþaEktMrUv/ ~ value advice note lixitCUnB½t’man/ lixitCUneyabl; tMélEktMrUv advice, collection lixitCUndMNwgkar administrative expenses cMNayrdæ)al RbmUlR)ak; administrative-economic entity advice, debit/credit Rbkas NBn§¼ GgÁPaBesdækic©rdæ)al NTan admissible evidence PsþútagRbevsnI/ advice, dispatch/shipment PsþútagTTYlyk)an /forwarding lixitCUndMNwgbBa¢ÚnTMnij adult eBjv½y/ ~ citizen RbCaBlrdæeBjv½y adviser (advisor) TIRbwkSa/ financial ~ advance buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIk[mun¦/ TIRbwkSahirBaØvtßú ~ deposit R)ak;kk;mun advising bank FnaKarCUndMNwg advance money R)ak;buerRbTan/ R)ak; advisory function muxgarpþl;eyabl; pþl;eGaymun advocacy karts‘Umti advance notice karpþl;dMNwgCamun affidavit lixitEføgsc©a ¬GHGagsc©PaB advance on documents buerRbTan cMeBaHmuxc,ab;¦ sMGagelIÉksar affiliated company (or associated advance on securities buerRbTaneday company) Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½n§/ Rkumh‘un manvtßúFana Bak;B½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag 50°¦ advance payment karTUTat;Camun affiliation, political ninñakarneya)ay advancement kareCOnelOneTAmux/ affinity n. Bn§úPaB/ ¬PaBdUcKña rW manTMnak; karrIkcMerIn TMngCamYyKña¦ advantage ]tþmPaB AFTA-ASEAN Free Trade Area adversary proceeding svnakarRbtibkS tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an 3
Economic Lexicon Part 1 after-tax income cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§ ~ coordination mechanism ynþkar aftercost cMNaybEnßm sMrbsMrYlCMnYy/ ~ programme kmµviFICMnYy age group RkumGayu air bill of lading b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas agency TIPñak;gar/ employment ~ kariyal½y air cargo/freightTMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH rkkargareGayeFIV/ pre-investment ~ TIPñak;gar air-consignment note b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas BintülT§PaB muneBlvinei yaK i airport tax Bn§RBlanynþehaH agenda rebobvar³/ kargarEdlRtUveFVI airway bill b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas agent Pñak;gar/ sole ~ tMNagpþac;mux alien CnbreTs agglomerate pþMúcUlKña alien act c,ab;sþIBICnbreTs aggregate GgÁpSM/ tYelxRbmUlpþúM/ ~ demand/ alienation karepÞrkmµsiT§i supply tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; srub alienator n samIbrivtþ/ Gñklk; rW epÞrsiT§i[eK aggregate, monetary xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú/ alimony R)ak;]btßmÖ ¬BIbþIeTARbBn§ rWBIRbBn§ rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs; eTAbþI/ eRkayeBlElgKña¦ aggregation karpþúM/ xn§b,aT/ karpÁúMGgÁpSM allegation karecaTRbkan;edaymin)an aggrieved person Gñkminsuxcitþ bgðajPsþútag agrarian éndIFøI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFøI allegiance (politics) karesµaHsµ½RK agrarian society sgÁmksikmµ allegiance, oath of sc©aRbNiFan agreed (price) ¬éfø¦ RBmeRBog alliance sm<½n§PaB agreement kic©RBmeRBog/ verbal ~ kic© all-in price éføsBVRKb; ¬TMnij/ Fanar:ab;rg/ ®BmeRBogpÞal;mat;/ ~ on the exchange of dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ goods kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIkarpøas;bþÚrTMnij/ ~ in allocate v. (fund) élEck/ eFVIviPaCn_/ principle kic©RBmeRBogCaeKalkarN_ allocated resources FnFanEdl)anélEck agribusiness ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ allocation 1> karélEck/ karviPaCn_/ agricultural product ksipl proportional ~ karélEcksmamaRt agriculture ksikmµ/ Ministry of 2> R)ak;viPaCn_ Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries allotment of shares karEbgEckPaKh‘un RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT allowance R)ak;]btßmÖ/ TayC¢Tan/ agro-industry ksi-]sSahkmµ depreciation ~ TayC¢Tan[dl;rMls;/ agronomist ekSRtviTU family ~ R)ak;]btßmÖRKÜsar/ make an ~ agronomy ekSRtsaRsþ/ ekSRtviTüa eFVIkarbBa©úHéføkñúgkarlk;eGayGñkTij aid CMnYy/ economic ~ CMnYyEpñkesdækic©/ ~ all-risks insurance/policy kar¼b½NÑ agreement kic©RBmeRBogpþl;CMnYy/ Fanara:b;rghaniP½yRKb;RbePT 4
Economic Lexicon Part 1 alteration karEk ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢I life ~ CIvFnlaP KNenyü>>> edayekaslub¼sresrRtYt>>>¦ annulment emaXkmµ/ karcat;TukCaGasasUnü alternative CMerIs¼meFüa)ayepSgeTot/ ~ antedate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/ cuHkalbriecäT technology bec©kviTüaEbbepSg ¬Gac GtItkal eRbICMnYs)an¦ anthropology mnusSsaRsþ/ nrviTüa amalgamation karbBa©Úl ¬Kña¦ anti- RbqaMg/ anti-personnel mine ambition karR)afñad¾elIslub/ mhicäta mInRbqaMgmnusS amelioration n. kareFIVeGayRbesIreT,Ig/ anticipated profit R)ak;cMeNjeRBogTuk suvuDÆikmµ anti-dumping karRbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚc amendment 1> viesaFnkmµ ¬c,ab;>>>¦/ éfø/ ~ duty Bn§RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø ~ of a contract viesaFnkmµkic©snüa/ anti-inflation measure/programme ~ advice lixitCUndMNwgsþIBIkarEksMrYl viFankar¼kmµviFI Tb;Tl;GtiprNa viesaFnkmµ 2> c,ab; b¤ maRtaénc,ab;Edl anti-trust law c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ RtUv)anEkERbehIy apellate court sala]T§rN_ amicable settlement dMeNaHRsay apparatus briFan/ bznP½NÐ RbkbedaykareyaKyl; ¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ appeal 1> bNþwgtv:a/ ]T§rN_ amnesty karelIkElgeTas 2> karGMBavnav amortisation of a debt ¬kar¦rMls;bMNul appliance eRKOgeRbIR)as; amount TwkR)ak;/ gross ~ TwkR)ak;dul/ applicant Gñkdak;BaküsMu ~ of invoice TwkR)ak;énvikáybRt applicant for a letter of credit amount past due TwkR)ak;hYskalkMNt;sg Gñkdak;BaküsMu¼GñkesñIsMu ebIksarNTan analysis karviPaK/ cost ~ karviPaKBIéføedIm/ ~ applied economics viTüasaRsþesdækic© of job requirements karviPaKtMrUvkarkargar apply v. ¬dak;¦ Gnuvtþ/ applied research analysis, discounted cash flow (DCF) karRsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvtþ karviPaKcracrsac;R)ak; appointed days, on naéf¶)ankMNt; analytical thinking KMnitviPaK appointment karEtgtaMg/ permanent ~ ancestor buBVCn to the rank of administrative agent ancillary services esvakmµbnÞab;bnSM kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiPñak;garrdæ)al annual RbcaMqñaM/ ~ budget KMeragfvikaRbcaMqñaM apportion v. EbgEck annualised adj. KitelImUldæanRbcaMqñaM apportionment bMENgEck annuity FnlaP/ R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqñaM/ appraisal karvaytémø 5
Economic Lexicon Part 1 appreciation 1> kareLIg éfø¼tMél area, free trade tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI 2> mUlvicar ¬karvaytMél¦ area-based frame eRKagelImUldæantMbn; 3> karTTYlsÁal;KuNPaB 4>GMNrKuN arid area tMbn;s¶ÜtEhg approach viFIsaRsþ arithmetic nBVnþ/ ~ mean mFümnBVnþ appropriate adj. smRsb/ ~ size TMhM arm’s length sale karlk;KµankareyaK smRsb/ ~ technology bec©kviTüasmRsb yl;Biess appropriation (financial) ¬R)ak;¦ viPaCn_ arrears bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg/ to be in ¬R)ak;élTukenAmçagsMrab;eKaledAedayELk¦ ~ yWty:avkñúgkarsgbMNul appropriation accounts KNnIcMNUl- art work sñaédsil,³ cMNay article of copartnership approval karyl;RBm/ on ~ etagman kic©snüacUlh‘un/ maRtashPaKkmµ karyl;RBm articles of association (GB) or by- approximately RbEhl/ RbmaN laws (US) lkçnþik³ aquaculture, aquatic culture varIvb,kmµ articles of incorporation (US) or aquatic product Clpl memorandum of association (GB) aquatic resources FnFanClpl GnusSarN³begIátRkumh‘un arable land dIGacdaMduH articulate v. bBa¢ak;CaBaküeBCn_ arbiter mCÄtþkr ¬GñkmanGMNac¼T§iBl as provided, as stated, set forth edIm,IeFVIkarkat;kþI³ ]> kñúgkic©karrdæ¦ dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦ arbitrage 1> mCÄtþkmµ 2> karepÞrTunBIpSar Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA) mYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an arbitrageur GñkepÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSar assembly line ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦ mYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér assessed taxes Bn§)ankMNt; arbitrary tamEtGMeBIcitþ assessment karvaytMél arbitration mCÄtþPaB/ mCÄtþvinicä½y/ assessor of taxes GñkkMNt;Bn§¼vayBn§ karkat;kþIedayGaCJakNþal/ ~ committee asset RTBüskmµ/ RTBüsm,tiþ/ current ~ KN³kmµkarmCÄtþkmµ RTBüskmµcrnþ/ foreign ~ RTBüskmµCa arbitrator mCÄtþkr ¬xagBaNiC¢kmµ¦ rUbiyb½NÑ ¬FnaKar¦/ RTBüenAbreTs, fixed architectural company Rkumh‘unsikSa (capital) ~ RTBüskmµCab;lab; ¬ÉksarxøH KMeragbøg; ehAfa GclnRTBü EdlRtUvnwgBakü architecture sßabtükmµ/ nimµabnkmµ immovable property), tangible ~ area unit ÉktatMbn; RTBürUbI/ frozen ~ RTBüp¥ib/ intangible ~ 6
Economic Lexicon Part 1 RTBüGrUbI/ financial ~ RTBühirBaØvtßú attorney 1> GaNtþiKahk ¬GñkTTYlGaNtþi¦ assign (property) epÞrsiT§ieRbIR)as;Gclnvtßú 2> tMNagkarBarkþI 3> emFavI assignable credit sarNTanGacepÞr)an attractive adj. Tak;Taj/ ~ prices assignee 1> Gnub,Tanik ¬GñkTTYlsiT§i¼ éføTak;TajGtifiCn RTBüsm,tþi¼karEtgtaMg ¦ auction karedjéfø 2> GñkTTYlsiT§iRbTan/ GaNtþiKahk auction sale karlk;edjéfø assignee in bankruptcy GñkRtUv)an audit n. & v. 1> svnkmµ/ external ~ cat;taMg[RKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþiGñkkS½yFn svnkmµBIxageRkA/ internal ~ svnkmµépÞkñúg assignor 1> Gnub,TayI ¬GñkepÞrRTBüsm,tþi/ 2> eFVIsvnkmµ ¬Binitü¼Eqk bBa¢IKNenyü¦ GñkeFVIkarcat;taMg¦ auditing svnkmµ/ National Auditing 2> GñkRbKl;siT§i/ GaNtþiTayk Authority GaCJaFrsvnkmµCati/ ~ procedures assimilation smankmµ ¬kareFVI[RCYtRCab¦ nItiviFIsvnkmµ assistance kar]btßmÖ/ CMnYy/ CMnYy]btßmÖ auditor svnkr ¬GñkRtYtBinitübBa¢I/ sñgkar assistant CMnYykar/ brivcäkarI/ ]bkarI KNenyü¦/ independent/external ~ assistant accountant KNenyükrCMnYykar svnkrÉkraCü auspices kar]btßmÖ/ under the ~ enAeRkam assistant manager Gñkcat;karrg associated company (see affiliated »vaT ¬sßab½n¦ austerity PaBt,itet,ót/ PaBtwgrwg/ tbkmµ company) Rkumh‘unBak;B½n§ autarchy GMNac¼RbeTskan;rbb pþac;kar association smaKm/ bar ~ KN³emFavI autarky sV½yaFibetyü/ esdækic©m©as;kar assurance 1> karFanar:ab;rg 2> PaBR)akdkñúgcitþ ¬KµankarsgS½y¦ xøÜnÉgpÞal;/ ¬minBwgEp¥kelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW at call, money kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTar CMnYyesdækic©¦ authentic deed/act lixityfaPUt ykvij)anPøam authenticate eFVInItüanukUlkmµ ¬bBa¢ak;faBit¦ at par, share PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenA authenticity yfaPaB pSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMélcuHelIsnøwkb½NÑPaKh‘un authorised bank FnaKarmankarGnuBaØat/ at sight draft rUbiyaNtþiRtUvsgR)ak;enA eBlbgðaj FnaKarRbtiRsuti authorised capital edImTuncuHbBa¢I at sight, to pay sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar authoritarianism GMNacniym ATM (automatic teller machine) authority siT§iGMNac/ GaCJaFr/ rdæGMNac m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ authorisation 1> esckþIGnuBaØat attitude riyabf 7
Economic Lexicon Part 1 2> lixitGnuBaØat authorised representative tMNagman siTRi§ bTan/ GaCJanukarI ¬tMNagmankarGnuBaØat¦ back out v. dkxøÜnecj/ ~ from a automatic teller machine (see ATM) contract dkxøÜnecjBIkic©snüa m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ back to back xñgTl;xñg/ ~ credit automatic drawing right NTanxñgTl;xñg siT§idkR)ak;sV½yRbvtþi back up v. KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT/ ~ a claim autonomous economic entity bBa¢ak;KaMRTkarGHGag GgÁPaBesdækic©sVy½t backbone infrastructure ehdæarcna autonomous enterprise shRKassVy½t sm<½n§q¥wgxñg ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§eKal¦ autonomy sV½yPaB/ sVy½tPaB/ economic backdate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/ ~ sV½yPi)alesdækic© cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal average mFüm/ ~ annual growth rate backer GñkbeBa©jedImTun/ GñkKaMRT GRtakMeNInmFümRbcaMqñaM/ ~ cost tMél¼ background 1> Rbvtþi/ savta éføedIm mFüm 2> épÞxageRkay average collection period (ACP) backing, financial karKaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú ry³eBlRbmUlbMNulCamFüm backlog kargarenAKrminTan;eFVI avoidance, tax karecosvagBn§ backup eRtombMrug award n. & v. 1> esckIþsMercrbs;GaCJa backwardness PaBGn;fy kNþal 2> rgVan; 3> pþl;rgVan;[/ ~ a contract bad debt NeTyüTarmin)an ¬xUc¦/ RbKl;kic©snüa[ awareness kardwgsÁal;/ raise public ~ NeTyüBi)akTar ¬Cab;sgS½y¦ bMpuskaryl;dwgdl;saFarNCn bad faith GsT§a/ KMnitevocevr bad title b½NÐkmµsiT§iykCakarmin)an bad workmanship TwkédGn;/ kareFVImin B, b )anl¥ ¬plitpl¦ bail R)ak;Fana ¬]> R)ak;bg;[tulakaredIm,I[ baccalaureate (degree) CnCab;ecaT)anenAeRkAXMu¦/ ~ bond b½NÑFana ¬sBaØab½Rt¦mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi bail out v. 1> se®gÁaHRkumh‘unCYbkarlM)ak bachelor’s degree fñak;briBaØab½Rt xaghirBaØvtßú 2> bg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn back eRkay/ xageRkay/ ~ interest karR)ak; bailiff n. GaCJasala minTan;sg/ ~ a bill cuHhtßelxaFanaelI bail cover R)ak;Fana 8
Economic Lexicon Part 1 bailment karepJITuk ¬dak;TMnij[GñkepSg eTotsgR)ak;eTAbuKÁlNamñak;¦ kan;kab; b:uEnþGñkenaHBMuEmnCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT¦ bank financing hirBaØb,TanFnaKar bait n. nuy/ use money as ~ eRbIluyCanuy bank note RkdasR)ak; balance n. 1> tulüPaB 2> smtulü/ credit/ bank of deposit FnaKarTTYlR)ak;beBaØI debit ~ smtulü NTayI¼ Nayik/ closing bank reconciliation karepÞógpÞat;FnaKar ~ smtulücugRKa/ pay the ~ sgR)ak;CMBak;/ ¬GgÁPaBsamIepÞógbBa¢Irbs;xøÜneTAnwgRbkas positive ~ smtulü viC¢man/ ~ on goods and NBn§¼NTan rbs;FnaKar/ kargarenHEtg services smtulüTMnijnigesva eFVIenAcugEx¦ balance of payments CBa¢IgTUTat;/ bank reference TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar ~ deficit/surplus »nPaB¼Gtierk CBa¢IgTUTat; bank statement r)aykarN_¼Rbkas balance of trade CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ FnaKar/ sMrg;KNnIBIFnaKar balance sheet taragtulükar/ off- ~ bank transfer karepÞrR)ak;enAFnaKar items xÞg;eRkAtaragtulükar/ ~ date éf¶ bank v. dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar eFVItaragtulükar bank-credit guarantee scheme balance v. eFVIeGaymantulüPaB kmµviFIFanaNTanrbs;FnaKar balance v. an account bUksrubKNnI banker FnaKarik balance v. the budget eFVItulükarfvika banker’s draft (see bank draft) bale KIb/ eb ¬vtßúGVImYymancMnYneRcIndUcCa banking muxCMnYjFnaKar/ muxviC¢aFnaKar RkNat; Rkdas esµA>>> EdlcgCa dMu¼kNþab;¦ bankrupt kS½yFn/ FnkS½y/ niT§½n bank FnaKar/ central ~ FnaKarkNþal/ bankruptcy PaBkS½yFn/ niT§nPaB/ deposit money bank FnaKarTTYl discharge in ~ karrYcputBIkarkS½yFn R)ak;beBaØI/ national ~ FnaKarCati bar association KN³emFavI bank acceptance b½NÑTTYlRBmedayFnaKar barefoot doctor RKUeBTüCnbT bank account KNnIFnaKar bargain and sale kic©snüaTij-lk; bank book esovePAFnaKar/ esovePAepJI bargain v. téfø/ (free) collective R)ak;enAFnaKar bargaining karcrcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;QñÚl bank charge esah‘uyFnaKar rvagnieyaCit nignieyaCk bank clearing karTUTat;tamFnaKar barrier r)aMg/ ]bsKÁ/ customs/tariff ~ bank deposit R)ak;beBaØIenAFnaKar r)aMgBn§Ky/ lift trade ~ dkr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ/ bank draft rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar rW b½NÑFnaKar non-tariff ~s ( NTBs) r)aMgminEmnBn§Ky ¬lixitecjedayFnaKarbBa¢aeGayFnaKarmYy barrister emFavI ¬Gg;eKøs¦ 9
Economic Lexicon Part 1 barter karedaHdUrTMnijnigTMnij KµaneQµaH ¬elImUlb,Tanb½RtKµancuHeQµaH ¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijedaymineRbIluy¦ GñkRtUvebIkR)ak;eT KWfaGñkkan;mUlb,Tanb½Rt base mUldæan/ exOn/ ~ level of GacebIkR)ak;)an¦ consumption kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; bearer instrument/paper lixitUbkrN_ base rate GRtaeKal/ GRtamUldæan sMrab;Kahk base year qñaMeKal beginning inventory sareBIP½NÐedIm qñaM¼RKa baseline survey GegátCamUldæan behave v. kan;criya basic CamUldæan/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBog behaviour Gakb,kiriya CamUldæan/ ~ price éføeKal/ ~ research below cost TabCagéføedIm karRsavRCavCamUldæan benchmark kMriteKal/ ~ survey GegáteKal basic commodities plitplksikmµ benefactor ]bkarI ¬GñkTMnukbMrg/ Gñkp©gepþm¦ u ú I CamUldæan ¬ksiplFmµtaEdlpliteRcIn² beneficiary GñkTTYlpl/ GtßKahk dUcCaRsUv/ eBat>>>¦ benefit GtßRbeyaCn_/ R)ak;]btßmÖ/ medical basic discount GbhareKal ¬Gbhar ~ R)ak;]btßmÖéføBüa)al FmµtaedayKµanbEnßmPaKryGVIeTot¦ benefit-cost ratio basic human needs (BHN) tMrUvkarCa smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay mUldæanrbs;mnusS bequeath v. eFVIGc©½yTanCaclnvtßú basic salary/wage ebovtSr_eKal bequest n. Gc©½yTanCaclnvtßú/ GMeNay ¬ebovtSr_FmµtaedayKµanbUkR)ak;bEnßm¦ tamry³mrtksasn_ basin (Mekong River) Gag ¬TenøemKgÁ¦ best interest ]tþmRbeyaCn_ basket n. k®nþk/ consumer ~ or best-seller esovePAlk;dac;bMput consumption ~ k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; biannual BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM/ ~ monitoring batch LÚt_ ¬GIv:an;EdlplitenAeBlEtmYy¦/ karXøaMemIlBIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM bias lMeGog ~ number elxLÚt_ bid v. & n. 1> edjéfø 2> karedjéfø BCC (business cooperation contract) bilateral eTVPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ bear Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij¼rUbiyvtßú Edl CMnYyeTVPaKI bill 1> vikáybRt 2> rUbiyaNtþi eCOfaGIv:an;eKnwgcuHéfø/ ~ market TIpSarEdl bill at sight vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg eKeCOfaGWv:an;nwgcuHéfø bear v. interest pþl;nUvkarR)ak; enAeBlbgðaj bill in transit vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi kMBugbBa¢Ún bearer Gñkkan;/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt 10
Economic Lexicon Part 1 bill of entry RbtievTn_Ky ¬lixitRbkas board of directors RkumRbwkSaPi)al bg;Bn§Ky¦ board of inquiry KN³kmµkaresuIbGegát bill of lading (B/L) GBaØtb½NÑ rW board of investment (BOI) GBaØtb½Rt/ lixitpÞúkTMnijnava/ b½NÑdwkCBa¢Ún RkumRbwkSavinieyaK TMnij/ direct ~ GBaØtb½NÑedaypÞal; board of management RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg bill payable vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg boat TUk/ Clyan/ ~ log book esovePA bill sent for collection skmµPaBClyan b½NÑepJI[RbmUlR)ak; body xøÜn ¬mnusS>>>¦/ tY ¬rfynþ>>>¦/ ~ of rules bill/letter of exchange rUbiyaNtþi/ lixitpøas;bþÚr and regulations GgÁc,ab; ¬nigbTb,BaØtþi¦ billion Ban;lan bona fide esµaHRtg;/ ~ purchaser bin tag pøakFug GñkTijesµaHRtg; bind v. cg/ mantMélGnuvtþ/ P¢ab;katBVkic© bond sBaØab½NÑ/ government/treasury ~ biodiversity CIv³cMruH b½NÑrtnaKar/ bearer ~ sBaØab½NÑKµaneQµaH/ biogas CIv]sµ½n goods (held) in ~ TMnijrkSaTukenAXøaMgKy biomass CIvm:as ¬rg;caMkarbg;Bn§¦/ mortgage ~ b½NÑniekçb biosphere reserve, Tonle Sap ¬b½NbNlmanvtßbBa©a¦/ take goods out of ÑM u ú M zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab ~ bg;Bn§elITMnijedIm,IGacykvaecjBIXøaMgKy/ birth certificate sMbuRtkMeNIt ~ yield TinñplsBaØab½NÑ ¬cMNUl)anBIsBaØab½NÑ birth rate GRtakMeNIt/ GRtaRbsUtikmµ KitCaPaKryénéføTijsBaØab½NѦ birth spacing karBnüakMeNIt bonded warehouse XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb; black market pSarggwt/ ~ price éføpSarggwt RKgedayPñak;garKy blacklist bBa¢IexµA bonus R)ak;bEnßm/ buBVlaP ¬]> R)ak;rgVan;¦/ blank enAs¥at/ minTan;sresr/ ~ cheque cost of living ~ R)ak;bEnßmsMrab;RTRTg; mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh ¬cuHhtßelxaehIy EtKµan CIvPaB/ incentive ~ R)ak;elIkTwkcitþ/ cuHTwkR)ak; rW eQµaHGñkTTYl¦ productivity ~ rgVan;plitkmµ blank endorsement carxñgcMh book of investment esovePAbnÞúkén block bøúk karvinieyaK block fund mUlniFipþúM book value (accounting) tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ blocked account KNnI bBaÄb;¼p¥ib tMélKNenyü ¬min[dkR)ak;ecj¦ bookkeeper Gñkkan;bBa¢I/ KNenyükr blue-collar union shCIBhtßkr 11
Economic Lexicon Part 1 bookkeeping karcuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ single brainstorming karBiPakSabMpusKMnit entry ~ karcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK/ double entry ~ branch (of a company) saxa ¬Rkumh‘un¦ karcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK brand sBaØa/ sBaØasMKal;/ rUb/ m:ak ¬TMnij¦ books of accounts bBa¢IKNenyü brand name eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ/ yIeha boom v. rIkduHdaly:agrh½s/ ~ industry breach of contract karelµIskic©snüa ]sSahkmµEdlrIkduHdalya:grh½s/ breach of discipline karelµIsvin½y booming sector vis½ykMBugrIkduHdal breakages GIv:an;)ak;Ebk ¬minrab;CaRTBü boost v. CMruj/ rujeLIg skmµeTenAeBleFVIsareBIP½NЦ booty C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþImrWbøn;BIeK¦/ break-even point cMNucrYcedIm GcäinRTBü breakthrough karTMlayPaBTal;Rck border price éføenARBMEdn bribe v. & n. 1> sUk borrow v. x©I¼sMux©I/ borrowed reserves 2> sMNUk/ take a ~ sIusMNUk R)ak;bMrug)anx©I ¬EdlFnaKarnana)anx©IBI bridging loan kMcIry³eBlxøI ¬sMrab;Tij FnaKarkNþal¦ pÞHfµI enAeBllk;pÞHcas;minTan;dac;¦ borrower Gñkx©I/ Nvnþ broadcast v. pSBVpSay ¬tamviTüú/ TUrTsSn_>>>¦ borrowings karx©Ibul brochure n. esovePAesþIg/ kUnesovePA boss n. bri)al/ ecAhVay/ GñkRtYtRta/ pSBVpSay bossy EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK broker eCIgsarCMnYj/ KYkeC BOT (build, operate, transfer) sagsg;- brokerage 1> kMéreCIgsar 2> kargareCIgsar GaCIvkmµ-epÞr brought forward (accounting) eyagmk botany n. PUtKamsaRsþ ¬karsikSaBIrukçCati¦ bring in (assets as investment) bottleneck PaBraMgsÞH/ PaBkkkuj eFVI]bharit/ ykcUl bottom out v. cuHTabbMput budget fvika/ ~ control karRtYtBinitü ¬RbEhlminGacFøak;cuHeToteT¦ fvika/ ~ credit NTanfvika/ ~ fund bottom-up BIeRkameLIgelI/ mUlniFifvika/ ~ prices éføTab² ~ development karGPivDÆn_BIeRkameLIgelI buffer RTnab;/ ~ zone tMbn;RTnab; bourgeois KhbtI buffer stock sþúksMrab;Tb;karERbRbYl ¬éfø/ bourgeoisie or middle class karpÁt;pÁg;>>¦/ ~ facility (BSF) vNѳKhbtI b¤ vNѳkNþal ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;snñiFi boycott Bhikar ¬karRbqaMgedayminRBmTij built-in stabilisers ktþaeFVIeGayman minRBmcUlrYm>>>¦ sßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi brain drain kar)at;bg;GñkmanCMnaj bulk buying karTijduM 12
Economic Lexicon Part 1 bulk order bBa¢aTijdMu by-product plitplbnÞab;bnSM/ nisSnÞvtßú bull Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij>>>EdleCOfa muxGIv:an;eKnwgeLIgéfø bull market TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéfø C, c bulletin 1> RBwtþib½Rt/ 2> esckþIRbkasCapøÚvkar ¬BIerOgsMxan;GVImYy¦ cabinet xuTÞkal½y/ political ~ KN³rdæm®nþI burden bnÞúk/ ~ of proof bnÞúkPsþútag/ tax cable transfer karepÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_ ~ bnÞúkBn§ cadastre surieyadI bureau kariyal½y/ employment ~ cadre Rkbx½NÐ/ public ~ Rkbx½NÐ kariyal½ykargar m®nþIraCkar/ ~ of administrative agent bureaucracy kariyaFibetyü Rkbx½NÐPñak;garrdæ)al bureaucrat kariyaelxanukar/ GñkeFVIkar calculus KNnaGtüaNU kariyal½y calendar RbtiTin/ ~ year qñaMRbtiTin business Furkic©/ GaCIvkmµ/ kic©karCMnYj/ call deposit R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ call loan/money NTanKµankalkMNt; karrksuI/ ~ card namb½NÑ ¬RtUvsgvijenAeBleKTar¦ business cooperation contract called-up capital mUlFn)anehA (BCC) kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ ¬)anbg;cUlRkumh‘unehIy¦ business format franchising campaign yuT§nakar/ sales ~ yuT§nakarlk;drU karpþl;siT§ieGayrksIupþac;muxtamEbbbTeK cancel v. lubecal/ ~ an entry bdiesF business licence tax ¬Bn§¦ )a:tg; elxna ¬KNenyü¦/ ~ an order lubecal business name namkrN_GaCIvkmµ karbBa¢aTij business undertaking kareFVIkic©karCMnYj cancellation karlubecal businessman/woman GaCIvkr/ FurCn canvass 1> sÞabsÞg; ¬mti¦ buy v. Tij/ ~ back Tijykvij/ ~ time 2> eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT BnüaeGay)anyUr capability smtßPaB ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ buyer’s price éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij capacity 1> smtßPaB/ earning ~ buying order karbBa¢aTij smtßPaBrkR)ak;/ in a legal ~ kñúgsmtßPaB buying power GMNacTij tampøÚvc,ab;/ load-carrying ~ smtßPaBpÞúk by-election kare)aHeqñateLIgvij ¬GIv:an;¦/ production ~ smtßPaBplit bylaws (see also articles of association) 2> cMNuH c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦/ bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg 13
Economic Lexicon Part 1 capital mUlFn/ Tun/ authorised ~mUlFn mUlFnRbkbkar Edl)anGnuBaØat/ paid in ~ mUlFnEdl capitalism mUlFnniym )anbg;/ ~ accumulation smac½yTun capitalist mUlFnik/ nayTun capital account KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capitalisation mUlFnPavUnIykmµ capital adequacy ratio smaPaKsm capitalise v. eqøótykcMeNj/ qk;»kas/ lµménmUlFn mUlFnkmµ capital amortisation rMls;mUlFn captive market TIpSarpþac;mux capital asset RTBümUlFn/ RTBüskmµCab;lab; card b½NÐ/ sMbuRt/ business ~ namb½NÑ capital assistance kar]btßmÖTun ¬GaCIvkmµ¦/ cash ~ b½NÑsac;R)ak;/ cheque ~ capital contributor GñkcUlh‘un/ PaKTunik³ mUlb,Tanb½NÑ/ credit ~ b½NÑNTan/ capital endowment edImTunEdlRtUvbg; identity ~ GtþsBaØaNb½NÑ capital expenditure/investment/ career GaCIB outlay cMNayelIRTBümUlFn/ vinieyaK caretaker (of a motor vehicle) Gñkkan; capital expense cMNayCamUlFn kab;EfTaM ¬]> yanynþ¦/ ~ government capital gains (accounting) tMélelIs rdæaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNþaHGasnñ capital goods TMnij mUlFn¼CaTun cargo navaPNÐ/ TMnijdwktamnava/ nava ¬TMnijsMrab;plitTMnijepSg²eTot¦ ¬dwkTMnij¦/ ~ documents ÉksarsMrab; capital intensive RbBlvb,kmµedImTun kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij ¬EdleRbITun¼m:asIuneRcIn¦ cargo list bBa¢ITMnijdwkCBa¢Ún capital levy Bn§elIRTBübuKÁl cargo outturn report r)aykarN_erITMnij capital loss (accounting) tMélxVH carriage forward éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;eday capital market pSarTun GñkTTYl capital movement clnaTun/ karepÞrTun carriage paid éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI capital productivity plitPaBénTun carried forward (accounting) eyageTA capital reserves TunbMrug ¬]> eyageTATMB½rmYyeTotnUvtYelxbUksrubcug capital revenue cMNUlCamUlFn snøwkbBa¢IKNenyü¦ capital, authorised TunGtibrimaEdlRtUv carrying value (accounting) )anGnuBaØat[manenAkñúgRkumh‘un/ TuncuHbBa¢I tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü capital, frozen mUlFnpw¥b cartel n. karEtl/ shRkumh‘un capital, risk (venture capital) case study karsikSakrNI ¬rW krNIsikSa¦ TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; cash 1> ebLa ¬RkdasR)ak; + R)ak;kak;¦ capital, working TunbgVil/ 2> sac;R)ak; ¬ebLa + FnaKar¦/ ~ substitute 14
Economic Lexicon Part 1 CMnYssac;R)ak; 3> rtnvtßú ¬KNenyü¦ cash reserves sac;R)ak;bMrug cash account 1>KNnIebLa 2>KNnIrtnvtßú cash voucher b½NÑcMNayebLa cash advance R)ak;buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkmun¦ cash with order (CWO) bg;R)ak;eBl cash against document (CAD) bBa¢aTij RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlÉksar cash-disbursement book esovePA cash book (CB) n. bBa¢IR)ak;ecjcUl cMNayR)ak; cash budget EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cashier ebLakr/ ebLaFikar cash credit NTansac;R)ak; cash-receipt book esovePAcMNUlR)ak; cash crop dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; casting vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB cash discount karlk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Ca ¬e)aHeqñat¦ sac;R)ak; casual labourer BlkrGENþt cash down sale karlk;ykR)ak;Pøam ¬ry³eBlxøI¦ ¬Casac;R)ak; rW mUlb,Tanb½Rt b:uEnþminyk casualty at sea mhnþrayenAsmuRT b½NÑNTaneT¦ cataclysm n. mhavinas cash economy esdækic©eRbIR)ak;kas catalogue kataLúk ¬esovePAbgðaj rUb¼vtßú cash flow lMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ analysis epSg²¦ karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ statement catalyst katalIkr/ ~ role tYnaTICakatalIkr r)aykarN_lMhUrsac;R)ak; ¬bnSúI/ CMruj¦ cash in on eqøótykcMeNjBIelI catchment area EdnrgTwkePøóg cash in hand (GB), cash on hand catalyse v. bnSúI ¬Kña¦/ BenøÓn (US) sac;R)ak;kñúg ebLa¼éd/ ebLa categorisation of goods karkMNt; cash in/with bank sac;R)ak;enAFnaKar RbePTTMnij cash on delivery (COD) RbKl;TMnij category RbePT/ BYk/ Epñk RbKl;R)ak;/ bg;R)ak;eBlTTYlTMnij causal sehtu ¬EdlR)ab;BIkarTak;Tgehtu cash over and short R)ak;elIsxVH nigpl¦ ¬bnþicbnþÜckñúgebLa¦ CD-ROM suIDIr:m cash paid book esovePAsgR)ak; ceiling price éføGtibrma/ éføx<s;bMput cash price éfølk; ¬efak¦ Kittamkarbg; celebrity n. Gñkl,IeQµaH Casac;R)ak; census 1> karCMerOn ¬RbCaCn¦/ cash rebate cMnYncuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Ca ~ sample KMrUtagCMerOn/ 15
Economic Lexicon Part 1 2> r)ab; ¬karrab;¦ chairman RbFan/ ~ of the meeting census-enumeration area tMbn;rab; RbFanGgÁRbCMu/ GFibtI bBa©ÚlCMerOn challenge bBaðaRbQm central kNþal/ mCÄwm/ ~ administration chamber of commerce sPaBaNiC¢kmµ rdæ)al mCÄwm¼kNþal chance of selection P½BVénCMerIs central bank FnaKarkNþal change 1> bMErbMrYl/ karpøas;bþÚr/ sm,rivtþn_/ centralisation mCÄkar 2> R)ak;Gab;/ ~ fund R)ak;Gab; centralised eFVImCÄkar/ ~ economy channel Rck esdækic©mCÄkar/ ~ record kMNt;RtamCÄkar/ chaos PaBRcbUkRcbl; ~ system RbB½n§mCÄkar chapter CMBUk centrally planned economy esdækic© character crit EpnkarRbmUlpþúM charge bnÞúk/ bnÞúkcMNay/ éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦ ceramics kulalPaCn_/ ceramic product charge v. a commission ykkMéreCIgsar plitplkulalPaCn_ charge/credit account KNnIeCO certificate viBaØabnb½Rt/ ~ of approval ¬GtifiCnGacykrbs;EdlxøÜnTij edaybg; lixitGnuBaØat/ ~ of processing viBaØabnb½Rt R)ak;TUTat;smtulüKNnIenAéf¶eRkay¦ bBa¢ak;plitkmµ/ ~ of deposit viBaØabnb½Rt charges, overhead bnÞúkcMNayTUeTA beBaØI¼ epJIR)ak;/ ~ of origin viBaØabnb½Rt charity sb,úrsFm’/ kuslkic© RbPBedImTMnij/ ~ of quality viBaØabnb½Rt chart tarag/ KMnUssißti/ EpnTI/ BinÞúerxIy/ bøg;/ bBa¢ak;KuNPaB/ ~ of quarantine viBaØabnb½Rt organisation ~ GgÁkarelx/ sale ~ KMnUs BinitüeraKqøg/ ~ of registration viBaØabnb½Rt taglk;/ ~ of accounts taragKNnI/ ~ of Gnusidæ/ ~ of weight viBaØabnb½RtTMgn; general accounting bøg;KNenyüTUeTA certified cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rtr:ab;rg charter 1> FmµnuBaØ 2> lkçnþik³ (US) edayFnaKar rWmUlb,TanbR½tFanacMNay charter plane ynþehaHCYldwkBiess certified public accountant (US) ¬eCIgehaHehIrmineTogTat;¦ KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; chattel mortgage (US) karbBa©aMRTBü cessation karQb;/ ~ of business sm,tþipÞal;xøÜn karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ check karRtYtemIl/ karEqkeqr/ ]bsKÁ/ cession n. Gnub,Tan/ karRbKl;eGay karbg¥g;/ put a ~ on imports bg¥g;karnaMcUl ¬]> kat;eGayeTAm©as;bMNul¦ check v. the accounts BinitüKNnI ceteris paribus (other things being checkoff RbB½n§kat;R)ak;dak;shCIBeday equal) GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl nieyaCk 16
Economic Lexicon Part 1 checks and balances karRtYtemIl nig circulation cracr/ ~ of capital cracr¼ føwgGMNac karbgVil Tun/ ~ of goods cracrTMnij cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt/ bouncing/dud/ citizen Blrdæ rubber ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtKµanR)ak; ¬RKb;RKan; civics viC¢anaTIBlrdæ/ elaknIti kñúgKNnI¦/ blank ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh/ cash civil suIvil/ ~ disobedience karbdiesF a ~ ebIkR)ak;elImUlb,Tanb½Rt/ crossed ~ c,ab;rdæ/ ~ law c,ab;rdæb,evNI/ ~ liberty mUlb,TanbR½tqUt ¬eRbIsMrab;EtbBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúg esrIPaBénBlrdæ/ ~ servant m®nþIraCkarsuIvil KNnI¦/ dishonoured ~ mUlb,TanbR½tKµan ¬tamFmµtaminrab;bBa©ÚlTahaneT¦/ R)ak;kñúgKNnI/ traveller’s ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt ~ society sgÁmsuIvil eTscrN_¼eFVIdMeNIr/ open/ uncrossed ~ civil status GRtanukUldæan/ ~ book mUlb,TanbR½ttmanqUt ¬bBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúgKNnI esovePAGRtanukUldæan/ certificate of ~ k¾)an ebIkR)ak;k¾)an¦/ ~ book esovePA sMbuRtGRtanukUldæan mUlb,TanbR½t/ ~ to bearer mUlb,Tanb½Rt civilian n. & adj. 1> CnsuIvil KµaneQµaH/ ~ crossed specially mUlb,TanbR½t 2>énCnsuIvil qUtBiess ¬Ca mUlb,Tanb½RtEdlbBa¢ak;lGtMi claim 1> NeTyü ¬R)ak;eKCMBak;¦/ ~ on bEnßmnUvlkçxNÐ epSg²dUcCa eQµaHFnaKarrbs; the government NeTyüelIrdæaPi)al GñkTTYlCaedIm¦/ ~ stubs Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t/ 2> kar tv:a¼TamTar 3> karGHGag ~ voucher b½NÑcMNaymUlb,Tanb½Rt claim v. compensation TamTarsMNg chronic ruaMér:/ ~ unemployment PaBGt; karxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv kargareFVIraMuér: claimant GñkTamTar/ edImecaT chronological order tamlMdab;éf¶Ex/ clarify v. bMPøW lMdab;erogtamkal class 1> fñak;/ vNѳ/ social ~ vNѳsgÁm/ CIF (cost, insurance, freight) economy/business/first ~ fñak;eGkUnUmI¼ éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬fñak;ekAGIynþehaHdwk circular saracr GñkdMeNIr¦ circular adj. EdlepJIeTAbuKÁlCaeRcIn/ classical Ebbkøasuik/ ~ view TsSn³Ebb ~ letter of credit b½NÐNTanepJIeTARKb;saxa køasuik/ ~ economics viTüasaRsþesdækic©køasIuk ¬énFnaKarEdlecjva¦ classification cMNat;fñak;/ system of ~ circular systematic sampling RbB½n§eFVIcMNat;fñak; karykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§vil classify v. cat;fñak;/ eFVIcMNat;fñak; circulating capital TunbgVil clause 1> lkçxNÐ/ ~ of a contract 17
Economic Lexicon Part 1 lkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ 2> x ¬]> xTI1/ xTI2>>>¦/ close v. an account biTKNnI special ~ xviessénc,ab;/ terminate ~ x ¬eFVI[KNnImansmtulüsUnü¦ bBa©b;kic©snüa close company Rkumh‘unbiTCit claw back v. R)ak;dkykmkvij ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak;Nas;¦ clean adj. s¥at/ ~ development closed economy esdækic©biTCit mechanism ynþkarGPivDÆn_s¥ats¥M ¬rdæRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiC¢kmµ nighirBaØvtßú¦ clean bill of health viBaØabnb½RtbBa¢ak; closing entries elxnabiTbBa¢I suxPaBl¥ closing price éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag clean bill of lading b½NÑpÞúkTMnij RtwmRtUv closing rate GRtabiT ¬KµankMNt;RtaBITMnijxus¼xUceT¦ ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtþikarRbcaMéf¶¦ clean collection EbbEpnTUTat;BaNiC¢kmµ closing the books karbiTbBa¢I KµanP¢ab;Éksar ¬KWeyagelIlixitCMBak;R)ak; club køib/ regional industry ~ køib b¤mUlb,TanbR½tEdleFVItamry³FnaKar¦ ]sSahkmµtMbn; clear v. a cheque dak;mUlb,Tanb½Rt cluster kBa©úM eGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;karepÞrR)ak; clustering of elements smasFaturYmCakBa©úM clear v. goods through customs coaching karbgVwk/ karbgðat; bMeBjEbbbTKy ¬edIm,InaMcUl b¤naMecjTMnij¦ co-chair shRbFan clear profit R)ak;cMeNjsuT§ co-creditor n. shNTayk clearance certificate code Rkm/ commercial ~ RkmBaNiC¢kmµ/ b½NÑRtYtBinitürbs;Ky ~ of conduct/ethics RkmsIlFm’ clearance inwards TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk code kUd/ elxkUd clearance outwards TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü co-defendant shcugecaT clearance sale karlk;LayLúgbegðIysþúk coding kardak;elxkUd clearing account KNnIpat;Tat; coefficient of variation emKuNbMErbMrYl clearing bank FnaKarTUTat; cognitive level kMrityl;dwg clearing house (banking) sPapat;Tat; coherence PaBrlUn/ PaBsuIKña clearing the arrears eFVIkarTUTat;R)ak; cohesion karrYmsM)ac;/ karrYbrYmKña/ siniT§Bl EdlBMuTan;)ansg ¬kMlaMgpSarP¢ab;Kña¦ clerk esµón/ bank ~ buKÁlikFnaKar coin n. & v. 1>R)ak;kas 2>e)aHR)ak;kas clientele n. Gtifita ¬GtifiCnTaMgGs; coincidence n. karKab;CYn/ Ékb,harPaB rbs;hagNamYy¦ collaboration kic©shkar clinic KøInik collate v. 1> RbmUlB½t’manmkBinitü 18
Economic Lexicon Part 1 eRbobeFob 2> erobcMtamlMdab; ¬Éksar¦ commercial BaNiC¢/ énBaNiC¢kmµ/ non ~ collateral loan kMcImanrbs; bBa©aM¼dak;Fana bank FnaKarGBaNiC¢/ ~ aircraft ynþehaH collateral vtßú bBa©aM¼dak;Fana/ sc©karP½NÐ CMnYj ¬dwkGñkdMeNIr rWTMnij¦/ ~ attaché colleague shesvik GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ bank FnaKarBaNiC¢/ collect v. payment Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ ~ bill rUbiyaNtþi/ ~ court tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ/ collecting agent/bank Pñak;gar¼FnaKar ~ credit NTanBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ dealing RbmUlR)ak; esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ enterprise shRKas collecting charges esah‘uyCYyRbmUlR)ak; BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ impracticability GRbtibtiþPaB collection smuc©½y/ karRbmUl/ karTar/ debt BaNiC©kmµ/ ~ invoice vikáybRtBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ agency TIPñak;garTarbMNul/ ~ of stamps ~ paper RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ/ lixitTTYl karsnSMTukEtm/ debit ~ karRbmUlbMNul CMBak;/ ~ port kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ register collective CasmUhPaB/ rYm/ ~ bargaining bBa¢IBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ traveller tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ/ karcrcarCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ ~ farm ksidæanrYm/ ~ usage TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ shkrN_ksikr/ ~ ownership kmµsiT§irYm/ commercialisation BaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ ~ work sñaédCasmUhPaB commercialise v. eFVIBaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ collectivity smUhPaB commission 1> kMéreCIgsar/ ~ agent collectivisation smUhPavUbnIykmµ Pñak;garTTYlkMéreCIgsar/ ~ buyer/seller collector n. GñkRbmUl/ farm produce ~ Pñak;gartMNag Tij¼lk;/ ~ sale karlk;yk GñkRbmUlTijplitplksikmµ/ money ~ kMéreCIgsar 2> KN³kmµkar GñkRbmUlR)ak; commitment karebþCJa ¬karsnüadac;Nat;¦ column xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ committed credit (state budget) combine KYbpSM/ lay/ ~ business and NTanP¢ab;snüa ¬fvikardæ¦ pleasure KYbpSMCamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarkMsanþ committee KN³kmµaFikar/ standing ~ combustion n. cMehH ¬kareqH¦ KN³kmµaFikarGcié®nþy_/ ~ of inspection come v. into effect/force cUlCaFrman KN³kmµaFikarRtYtBinitü/ steering ~ come v. into line RBmeRBogCamYyKña KN³kmµaFikar dwknaMkargar¼nayk come v. to an agreement QaneTAdl; commodity plitpl ¬EdleKlk;¼Tij kic©RBmeRBog eRcIn²CaBiess vtßúFatuedIm niges,óg¦/ comfort pasukPaB/ letter of ~ lixitKaMRT ~ accounts KNnIplitpl RKwHsßansaxa ¬kñúgkarrkx©IR)ak;¦ Common Effective Preferential commerce BaNiC¢kmµ Tariff (CEPT) taragGnueRKaHBn§Kyman 19
Economic Lexicon Part 1 RbsiT§iPaBrYm smtßkic©/ ~ party PaKImansmtßkic© common property resources (CPR) competing lines muxTMnijRbkYtRbECg FnFanRTBürYm competition karRbkYtRbECg/ sarmÖ/ free common sense suPnicä½y ~ karRbkYtRbECgesrI common stock PaKh‘unsamBaØ competitive EdlRbECg/ ~ advantage commonwealth shFn ¬RkumrdæFøab; ]tþmPaBRbECg/ ~ examination enAkñúgcRkPBGg;eKøs¦/ ~ of independent karRblgRbECg/ ~ market pSarRbkYtRbECg/ states shFnrdæÉkraCü ~ price éføRbkYtRbECg communication karR)aRs½yTak;Tg/ competitiveness PaBRbkYtRbECg/ ~ of information KmnaKmn_B½t’man PaBedjeCIgKña communist adj. kumµúynisþ competitor GñkRbECg ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦ community property RTBürYmsM)ac; compile v. cgRkg bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ complain v. t¥ÚjEt¥r/ tv:a company Rkumh‘un/ affiliated (or complainant Gñkbþwgtv:a associated) ~ Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½næ/ joint complaint bNþwg/ BakübNþwg stock ~ Rkumh‘unGanamik/ limited liability complementary EdlbMeBj[KñaeTAmk ~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma/ ~ union completion karbBa©b;/ karbegðIy/ ~ of a shPaBRkumh‘un/ subsidiary ~ Rkumh‘unsaxa/ contract karbBa©b;kic©snüa unlimited ~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvKµankMNt;/ complex adj. misSPaK ¬sµúKsµaj¦ ~ promoter sßabnikRkumh‘un/ trading ~ superiority ~ esyümanH/ inferiority ~ Rkumh‘unBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ies act c,ab;Rkumh‘un hInmanH/ complexity misSPaB comparative advantage ]tþmPaB complex business plan bøg;GaCIvkmµ eRbobeFob sµúKsµaj compatibility smitPaB ¬PaBcUlKñacuH¦ complex multi-stage design bøg;eRcIn compatriot CnrYmCati dMNak;minsamBaØ compensating errors el¥ógb:Hb:UvKña complexity PaBsµúKsµaj/ PaBsaMjúaM compensation karb:Hb:Uv/ sMNg compliance with, in RsbCamYy compensatory financing facility (CFF) complicate v. eFVIeGaysµúKsµaj ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBaØvtßú complicity karcUléd compete v. RbkYtRbECg complimentary 1> EdlsesIr competent adj. mansmtßkic©/ 2> EdleGayTeT ¬tKitéfø¦ mansmtßPaB/ ~ authority GaCJaFrman comply Rbtibtþitam/ eFVItam 20
Economic Lexicon Part 1 component smasPaK/ FatupSM ¬edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVImYy¦ composition smasPaB concerted economic action skmµPaB compound entry elxnapÁúM esdækic©manvKÁmanesñI ¬elxnamaneRbIcab;BIbIKNnIeLIgeTA¦ concession sm,Tan/ forest ~ sm,Tan compound growth vDÆnPaBsmas éRBeQI/ ~ holder sm,Tanik/ social land ~ compound interest karR)ak;smas sm,TandIsgÁmkic©/ price ~ sm,Tanéfø comprehensive adj. RKb;RCugeRCay/ concessionaire sm,Tanik/ forest ~ TUlMTUlay/ ~ analysis karviPaKRKb;RCugeRCay éRBsm,Tanik compromise karRsuHRsYl concessional, concessionary Edl comptroller GñkRtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú pþl;sm,Tan¼GnueRKaH/ ~ loan kMcIpþl; compulsory CakatBVkic©/ Edlxanmin)an/ sm,Tan/ ~ terms lkçxNÐsm,Tan ~ inspection GFikarkic©CakatBVkic© conciliate v. pSHpSa computable EdlGacKNna)an conclusion n. snñidæan/ Gvsankfa computer virus vIrus¼visaNU kMuBüÚT½r ¬PaKbBa©b;énr)aykarN_¦ comrade n. smmitþ/ shCIvin/ BYkm:ak concrete measure viFankarCak;Esþg conceal v. lak;elom concurrence 1> karyl;RBm/ karÉkPaB concealment karlak;elom 2>karekItdMNalKña ¬RBwtþikarN_¦ concentration karRbmUlpþúM/ land ~ condition lkçxNÐ/ working ~ lkçxNÐ karRbmUlpþúMdIFøI/ ~ level of a substance eFVIkargar/ ~ precedent lkçxNÐbegáIt kMritkMhab;énsarFatu katBVkic©/ ~ subsequent lkçxNÐbBa©b; concept eKalKMnit/ TsSnaTan katBVkic© conception TsSnaTan conditional edaymanlkçxNÐ/ ~ conceptual error el¥ógEpñkTsSnaTan acceptance karTTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ conceptualise v. KitKUrbegáItfµI conditionality PaBmanlkçxNÐ concern kgVl;/ RBYy)armÖ/ business ~ conducive to GMeNaypldl; RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦/ his business is a going conduct kiriyamayaT/ karRbRBwtþi¬xøÜn¦ ~ muxCMnYjrbs;Kat;kMBugdMeNIrkareTAmux conduct v. & n. 1> dwknaM/ eFVI/ dMeNIrkar ¬nigmancMeNj¦ 2> ~ of business kic©dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ concerned EdlBak;B½n§/ ~ ministry conference snñisIT RksYgBak;B½n§ confession n. karsarPaB/ sc©avIkrN_ concert, act in v. eFVIskmµPaBrYmKña confidential sMgat; 21
Economic Lexicon Part 1 confirmation karbBa¢ak;/ ~ of order consistency 1> sgÁtPaB/ PaBsuIKña karbBa¢ak;nUvkarbBa¢aTij/ ~ of price karbBa¢ak;éfø 2> PaBminpøas;bþÚr confirmed letter of credit consolidated (information) ¬B½t’man¦ sarNTanGnusiT§i Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña confirming bank FnaKarbBa¢ak; consolidated balance sheet tarag confiscate rwbGUs ¬ykRTBü¦/ dkhUt tulükarsrub¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>>¦ conflict TMnas;/ ~ of interest TMnas;pl consolidation of balance sheets RbeyaCn_ karRc)ac;bBa©ÚlKñanUvtaragtulükar confrontation n. karRbTl;muxKña/ consortium kugs½rsüÚm/ smaKm smµúxIkmµ/ ~ meeting karRbCMuTl;muxKña conspiracy n. karKitk,t;/ shk,d confusing RcLMbl;/ gayP½nþRcLM ¬karrYmKMnitk,t;¦ confusion karP½nþRcLM/ karRcLMbl;/ constant efr/ ~ price éføefr karRcbUkRcbl; constituency mCÄdæanGñkKaMRT/ mNÐle)aHeqñat conglomerate Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl constitution rdæFmµnuBaØ conscience mnsikar Constitutional Council RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ conscientious Edlmanmnsikar/ Edlyk constitutionality FmµnuBaØPaB citþTukdak; constraint kMhit ¬]bsKÁ¦ consensus karmUlmti/ kugsg;s‘us constructive CalkçN³ksag/ ~ criticism consent v. & n. 1> RBm 2> karyl;RBm karTietonCalkçN³ksag consequential EdlCavi)ak consultancy karpþl;eyabl;ÉkeTs conservation GPirkS/karrkSa/ ~ of consultant GñkBieRKaHeyabl; nature GPirkSFmµCati/ soil ~ GPirkSdI consultation karBieRKaHeyabl; conservative adj. GPirkS Consultative Group (CG) consideration karBicarNa/ under ~ kMBug RkumBieRKaHeyabl; BinitüBicarNa consumables vtßúFatueRbIR)as; consignee GñkTTYlTMnij consume v. eRbIR)as; ¬es,ógGahar/ n§n³>>>¦ consignee’s account, all charges to consumer GñkeRbIR)as;/ ~ basket k®nþk ral;esah‘uycMNayCabnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlTMnij TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ credit NTansMrab;Tij consignment n. 1> karbBa¢ÚnTMnij/ TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ goods TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ note lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij 2> GIv:an;mYyRkum ~ price éføTMnijeRbIR)as; ¬éfølk;ray¦/ ¬]>mYykugtWn½r¦EdlbBa¢ÚneTA ~ price index (CPI) snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbI consignor GñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij R)as;/ ~ surplus plcMeNjénGñkeRbIR)as; 22
Economic Lexicon Part 1 consumption kareRbIR)as;/ ~ expenditures contract v. out of an agreement dk b¤ cMNayeRbIR)as;/ home (domestic) ~ kareRbI lubkic©snüa ¬edaymankaryl;RBmCa R)as;kñúgRsuk/ ~ curve ExSekageRbIR)as; laylkçN_GkSrBIPaKImçageTot¦ contact karCYbTak;Tg/ ~ person mnusS contract v. 1> cuHkic©snüa 2> rYmcuH ¬esdækc©¦ i sMrab;CYbTak;Tg contract, under Cab;kic©snüa/ eRkamkic©snüa container kugtWn½r ¬pÞúkTMnij¦ contracting party PaKIcuHkic©snüa contemporary shkal/ shsm½y contractor GñkcuHkic©snüa/ Gñkem:Akar/ contempt karemIlgay/ ~ of court sub-contractor Gñkem:Akarbnþ karRbmaftulakar contractual business GaCIvkmµQrelI content 1> xøwmsar 2> matika kic©snüa contest n. karRbECg/ karRbkYt/ contradiction bdivaTkmµ/ PaBpÞúyKña ~ a decision CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc contradictory EdlpÞúyKña context bribT/ brikarN_ contrast n. PaBpÞúyKña/ Bütierk contingency yfaPaB/ kartRBagTuk/ contra-transfer cuHbRBa©as/ eFVIRbtiRkanþ ~ beneficiary GtßKahkCayfaehtu/ elxna ~ plan EpnkarTukGnuvtþCayfaehtu contravene v. elµIs/ bMBan contingent adj. GaRs½yelI ¬RBwtþikarN_GVI contribute v. rYmviPaKTan/ rYmcMENk mYyEdlGacekIteLIg rWminekIteLIg¦/ Gnimitþ contribution viPaKTan/ karrYmcMENk/ continuity nirnþrPaB ~ in kind viPaKTanCasMPar³ continuous adj. bnþrhUt/ bnþCab; control v. RtYtBinitü/ RtYtRta contra account KNnIbdiPaK controllable expenses cMNayRKb;RKg)an contra entry elxnabRBa©as controlled selection CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü ¬edIm,IlubecalnUvelxnamun¦ controller GñkRtYtBinitü contraband TMnijrt;Bn§ controlling interest, have a contraception karbgáarkMeNIt mancMENkPaKh‘unRtYtRta ¬KWmanelIsBI contract kic©snüa/ ~ of insurance 50°énPaKh‘unsrubrbs;Rkumh‘un¦ kic©snüaFanar:ab;rg/ ~ of sale kic©snüalk;/ controversy vaTb,divaT ¬rW vaTRbtivaT rW ~ of work kic©snüakargar karCECkrkxusRtUvCasaFarN³¦ contract (public) employee contumacy n. TudæPaB buKÁlik¬rdæ¦Cab;kic©snüa ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦ contract law c,ab;kic©snüa convenience food Gaharevcx©b;Rsab; 23
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ¬EdlRsYl erobcM¼cMGin¦ Tak;TgxagCMnYj/ lixiteqøIyqøgGaCIvkmµ convention 1> GnusBaØa 2> snñi)at correspondent bank FnaKareqøIiyqøg 3> snµtikmµ¼karsnµt corridor rebog/ Efv/ economic ~ conversation karsnÞna/ snÞnakar rebogesdækic© conversion karbþÚr/ ~ price/rate GRtabþÚr corroborate v. bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm/ ¬edIm,IKitbþÚrrUbiyvtßúmYyeTACarUbiyvtßúbreTs¦ eFVIbmaNIykrN_ convertible currency rUbiyvtßúEdlGac corruption n. GMeBIBukrlYy bþÚrykrUbiyvtßúepSg)an cost 1> tMél 2> briyaTan 3> éføedIm conveyance 1> karepÞr ¬kmµsiT§i¦ 4> bnÞúkcMNay/ cMNay 2> ÉksarepÞr cost accounting KNenyüéføedIm/ convict TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ KNenyüviPaK cooperate v. eFVIshRbtibtþikar cost and freight (C & F) cooperative adj. & n. éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún 1> EdleFVIshRbtibtþikar 2> shkrN_ cost of goods sold or cost of sales coordinates niyamkar ¬ry³TTwg¼ry³beNþay¦ éføedImTMnijlk;ecj co-owner, co-proprietor shkmµsiT§ikr/ cost of living éføRTRTg;CIvPaB m©as;kmµsiT§irYmKña cost price éføedIm co-ownership shkmµsiT§i cost, historical tMélTijcUl co-property RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña cost, insurance, freight (CIF) copyright siT§icMlg/ rkSasiT§i éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún core sñÚl/ ~ budget fvikasñÚl/ ~ funding cost, manufacturing éføedImplitkmµ mUlniFisñÚl/ ~ resources FnFansñÚl cost-benefit analysis karviPaKcMNay corn n. (US) eBat/ baby ~ esñóteBat ¬bEnø¦ nigplcMeNj corporate state rdæshRKin cost-effective adj. EdlmanRbsiT§PaB corporation saCIvkmµ/ multinational ~ cMNay saCIvkmµBhuCati/ ~ tax (GB) Bn§elIR)ak; costing karKNnaéføedIm cMeNjRkumh‘un Council of Ministers TIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI correct adj. RtwmRtUv counter bBa¢r correlated response variance v:arIy:g; counter party bdiPaKI cMelIyTak;Tin counter valuation bdiekaslvic©½y correlation shsm<½n§/ TMnak;TMng counterbalance v. raMgxÞb;T§iBl correspondence, business karsresr countermand bdiesFbgÁab;munecal/ 24
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ecjRbtiGaNtþi credit bank FnaKarNTan counter-offer kareGayéføelI ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ credit bureau kariyal½ypþl;B½t’man counterpart smPaKI BIkitþinam ¬énshRKas>>>¦ counterpart adj. bdiPaK/ ~ entry credit in kind NTanvtßú ¬minEmnCaR)ak;¦ elxnabdiPaK/ ~ fund mUlniFibdiPaK credit institution sßab½nNTan counter-revolution n. Rbtibdivtþn_ credit market TIpSarNTan country report r)aykarN_sþIBIRbeTs credit n. & adj. & v. 1> NTan country-representative office 2> NTayI 3> kt;RtaxagNTan kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs credit plus NTanbUk ¬NTanEdl country-risk analysis karviPaKeRKaHRbeTs KitKUrTaMgkarCYyCaR)ak;kas nigbec©keTs¦ coupe, forest éRBKub credit rating cMNat;fñak;NTan/ court clerks RkLabBa¢I smtßPaBsgbMNulrbs;Gñkx©I court or lawcourt sala kat;kþI¼CMrHkþI credit restrictions kMhiténNTan covenant karRBmeRBogCapøÚvkar credit risk haniP½yénNTan cover note (insurance) kMNt;sMGag credit sale karlk;eCO ¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ credit slip b½NÑsMeNANTan/ skçIb½Rt cover price éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelI NTan RkbesovePA/ TsSnavdþI >>>¦ credit solvency lT§PaBsgbMNul cover, banking R)ak;Fana credit status CMhrNTan cover, full (insurance) b½NÑFanar:ab;rgelI credit terms lkçxNÐNTan haniP½yRKb;RbePT credit worthiness PaBKYr)anTTYlNTan cover, temporary (insurance) credit worthy borrower Gñkx©IR)ak; b½NÑFanar:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ EdlKYreGayTukcitþ coverage kar¼TMhM RKbdNþb; credit, open NTanKµandak;vtßúFana ¬]> edayb½NÑFanar:ab;rg¦ ¬sMrab;GtifiCnl¥rbs;FnaKar¦ craftsmanship n. htßekaslü credit, tax NTanBn§ creation n. karbegáIt/ mabnkmµ/ nimiµtkmµ/ credit, trade NTanCMnYj ¬pþl;[shRKas mabnvtßú manTMnak;TMngCMnYjCamYyKña¦ creative thinking KMnitécñRbDit creditor NTayk/ m©as;bMNul creativity KMnitécñRbDit credulity n. PaBgayeCO/ sT§aluPaB credibility PaBKYr[eCO/ kitþinam creeping inflation GtiprNasnSwm² 25
Economic Lexicon Part 1 crime bTelµIsRBhµT½NÐ currency operation RbtibtþikarelI criteria, criterion lkçN³vinicä½y rUbiyvtßú ¬dUcCakarbþÚrR)ak;CaedIm ¦ crop n. dMNaM/ pldMNaM/ supplementary ~ current account or checking dMNaMrYmpSM account (US) KNnIcrnþ cross check epÞógKñaeTAvijeTAmk current adj. crnþ/ ~ expenditures cMNaycrnþ cross class fñak;qøg current assets RTBüskmµ crnþ¼cl½t cross rate, exchange cross rate current liabilities RTBüGkmµcrnþ GRtabþÚrrUbiyb½NÑepÞógpÞat; ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak; current price éføcrnþ/ éføbc©úb,nñ/ ~ list eFobtam rUbiyvtßúTI3 dUcCa duløar¦ taragéføcrnþ cross border (trade) qøgkat;RBMEdn current revenue cMNUlcrnþ ¬BaNiC¢kmµ¦ ¬cMNUlCaRbcaM kñúgÉksarxøH¦ crossed cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtqUt current account holder m©as;KNnIcrnþ cross-examine v. karsYrbBa¢ak;sakSI current market rate GRtaéføTIpSarRbcaMéf¶ epÞógpÞat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun curtailment karkat;bnßy cross-voting n. kare)aHeqñateGayKNbkS curve ExSekag/ aggregate supply ~ epSg ¬minEmnKNbkSxøÜn¦ ExSekagpÁt;pÁg;srub crude oil eRbgeqA custody (keeping) karrkSaTuk culprit n. BiruT§ikCn custom of the port (COP) cultivated land dIdaMduH TMenomTMlab;Ep culture vb,Fm’/ ~ of impunity vb,Fm’ custom-built/made ksag¼eFVI Biess rYceTas sMrab;GtifiCnNamñak; cumulated list bBa¢IbUkRtYt customer GtifiCn curb v. Tb;sáat; customs house TIcat;karKy curfew bMrameKacr customs Ky/ ~ agent Pñak;garKy/ currency rUbiyvtßú/ hard ~ rUbiyvtßúxøaMg ~ Department TIcat;karKynigrdæakr/ ¬rbs;RbeTsmanesdækic©maMmYn niggaybþÚr ~ breach bTelµIsc,ab;Ky/ ~ declaration ykrUbiyvtßúepSgeTot¦/ soft ~ rUbiyvtßúexSay RbtievTn_Ky/ ~ examination karRtYtBinitü currency in circulation rUbiyvtßúkñúgcracr énPñak;garKy/ ~ frontier RBMEdnKy/ currency of account rUbiyvtßúykmkKitKUr ~ invoice vikáybRtKy/ ~ permit lixit currency of payment rUbiyvtßúTUTat; GnuBaØatBITIcat;karKy/ ~ regulations currency of the contract rUbiyvtßúén bTbBaØtþiKy/ ~ tariff taragBn§Ky/ kic©snüa ~ territory tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKy 26
Economic Lexicon Part 1 Gactamcab;TMnij)an¦ date, interest to R)ak;karmkTl;bc©úb,nñ customs broker buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaM day éf¶/ settlement ~ éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBaI¢ TMnijqøgkat;Ky ¬bMerIeGayRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún¦ day labourer BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶/ TinikCn customs duties (or dues) Bn§Ky day-release 1> éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦ cycle vdþ/ suIkø/ xYb/ CMu/ ~ of poverty 2> RbB½n§EdlGnuBaØat[nieyaCitsMrakBIkargar vdþénPaBRkIRk edIm,IeronsURt DCB (Domestic Competitive Bidding) karedjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk D, d de facto tamkarCak;Esþg/ tamRBwtþin½y/ ~ management karRKb;RKgtamRBwtþin½y daily RbcaMéf¶/ ~ sales return cMNUllk; de jure tampøÚvc,ab; RbcaMéf¶ dead account KNnIQb;eRbI/ KNnIgab; damage karxUcxat/ Gnþray/ ~ by dead loss karxatbg;srub seawater GnþrayedaysarTwksmuTÞ dead money R)ak;gab;/ R)ak;minykeTAeFVI damages R)ak;sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat karrksuI danger money R)ak;pþl;bEnßmsMrab;kargar dead season rdUvs¶b;skmµPaB maneRKaHfñak; ¬]> rdUvlk;dUrminsUvdac;¦ DARE (Demand and Resource deadline kalkMNt;/ kalbriecäTdl;kMNt; Evaluation) karvaytMélFnFan nigtMrUvkar deadlock PaBTal;Rck break the ~ data Tinñn½y/ enter v. ~ bBa©ÚlTinñn½y TMlayPaBTal;Rck data processing karcat;EcgTinñn½y dead-weight 1> TMgn;nicl/ TMgn;gab; database mUldæanTinñn½y ¬KµanCYybMerIkar¦ data-collection stage dMNak;kalRbmUl deal karRBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ GabNsBaØa/ Tinñn½y get a good ~ Tij)anefak/ package ~ date kalbriecäT/ éf¶Ex/ interest to ~ karRBmeRBogCakBa©b; karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ dealer BaNiC¢kr date a cheque forward cuHkalbriecäT dealership TMnak;TMngCMnYjpþac;mux GnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt dealing karlk;dUrh‘unenApSarh‘un/ CMnYj, date of maturity éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak;/ commercial ~ esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ fair ~ CMnYj NRbtiTan/ Rsbc,ab;/ insider ~ karCYjdUrh‘uneday date, by the due dl;éf¶kMNt; GñképÞkñúg ¬EdldwgB½t’mansMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ 27
Economic Lexicon Part 1 dear éfø ¬pÞúynwgefak¦ decent smrmü/ ~ livelihood CIvPaBsmrmü dear money R)ak;x©ImanR)ak;karx<s; decentralisation n. vimCÄkar dearth of investment kgVHvinieyaK decentralise v. eFVIvimCÄkar/ decentralised death mrNPaB/ karsøab;/ ~ certificate power GMNacvimCÄkar sMbuRtmrNPaB/ ~ in service benefit deciding vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB ¬e)aHeqñat¦ R)ak;bMNac;mrNPaB decile n. TsPaK ¬sßiti¦ death rate GRtamrN³ decimal n. & adj. 1> elxTsPaK debate karCECkedjedal ¬]> enAsPa¦ 2> TsPaK debenture sBaØab½NÑ ¬ry³eBlEvg²¦/ decision esckþIsMerc/ ~ maker GñkeFVI lixitbMNul/ register of ~ bBa¢IeQµaHGñk esckþIsMerc/ ~ making kareFVIesckþIsMerc/ kan;sBaØab½NÑrbs;Rkumh‘un/ ~ holder ~ tree KMnUsedImeQIénRbB½n§sMerc Gñkkan;sBaØab½NÑ declaration 1> kar¼esckþI Rbkas debit n. & adj. & v. 1> NBn§ 2> lixitRbkas/ RbtievTn_/ customs ~ 2> Nayik 3> kt;RtaxagNBn§ RbtievTn_Ky/ tax ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn§ debit/credit memorandum or declared value tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_ debit/credit memo kMNt;ehtu NBn§¼ decline n. karFøak;cuHyWt² NTan b¤ Rbkas NBn§¼NTan declining balance method of debt bMNul/ ~ holder embMNul/ bad ~ depreciation viFIrMls;fyCalMdab; bMNul GaRkk;¼Bi)akTar/ doubtful ~ bMNul decoding karbkRsayelxkUd sgS½y/ irrecoverable ~ bMNulTarmin)an/ ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦ ~ crisis vibtþibMNul/ ~ ratio smaPaKbMNul/ deconcentration vishmCÄkar secured/unsecured ~ bMNul man¼Kµan decrease karFøak;cuH/ karfycuH/ ~ in price dak;RTBüFana karFøak;éfø debt-collection letter lixitTarR)ak; decree Rkwtü debt-for-nature swaps bMNuledaHdUr de-dollarisation bdiduløarUbnIykmµ nwgFmµCati deduct v. kat;kg/ pat;ecj/ after deducting debtor kUnbMNul/ Nvnþ depreciation eRkay)anpat;rMls; decadence n. PaBcuHGab;»n/ GtßgÁt deductible adj. EdlGackat;kgecj/ tax decapitalise n. dkTunecj ~ EdlGackat;kgecjBIcMNUlCab;Bn§ deceased n. Gñksøab; deductive method viFITajehtupl/ decennial population census viessanumanviFI CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaMTsvtSr_ 28
Economic Lexicon Part 1 deed 1> kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr deflator (GDP) snÞsSn_britþprNa ¬pss¦ 2> GMeBI ¬l¥ rW GaRkk;¦/ good ~ kuslkic© deforestation karkab;éRBeQI/ vivnkar deed of assignment lixitepÞrkmµsiT§ defrauder GñkbnøM ¬]> Bn§¦ ¬BIkUnbMNuleTAm©as;bMNul¦ defray ecjcMNayCYs deed of conveyance lixitepÞrkmµsiT§i degradation TuBVlPaB/ karbBa©úHKuNPaB GclnRTBü del credere R)ak; ¬bUkbEnßmsMrab;¦ default karxusqÁg/ karxVHxat/ karKµan FanakarTUTat;/ ~ clause RbkarFanaTUTat;/ lT§PaBsg ~ commission kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; default of acceptance karminTTYlRBm delay 1> karyWty:av/ ry³kalkMNt; defendant n. cugecaT yWty:av/ ~ in delivery karRbKl;yWty:av/ deferred payments karsgR)ak;bNþak; 2> karBnüaeBl/ grant a ~ pþl;karBnüaeBl ¬eRcInelIk¦ delegate power eFVIRbtiPUkmµGMNac/ deferred share PaKh‘unEdlTTYlPaKlaP rMElkGMNac/ epÞrGMNac eRkayeK delegation 1> karepÞr ¬siT§iGMNac¦ deferred/unearned revenue ¬R)ak;¦ 2> KN³RbtiPU deliberation karBiPakSaedjedal cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg delinquent adj. 1> hYskalkMNt; kariybriecäTeRkay²¦ deficiency PaBminRKb;RKan;/ ~ in weight 2> min)anbMeBjkatBVkic©edayectna delinquent n. GnItiCnRbRBwtþelµIs PaBxVHTMgn; deliver v. RbKl; deficient reserves R)ak;bMrugxVH delivered at duty paid RbKl;enAkEnøg deficient supply karpÁt;pÁg;mankgVHxat deficit »nPaB/ balance of payments/ )anbg;Bn§ehIy delivered at frontier RbKl;enARBMEdn trade ~ »nPaBCBa¢Ij TUTat;¼BaNiC¢kmµ/ budget delivery karRbKl;/ ~ against payment ~ »nPaBfvika/ meet v. a ~ bMeBj»nPaB deficit financing hirBaØb,Tan»nPaB RbKl;TMnijeBlmankarTUTat;/ ~ order b½NÑ deflate the economy eFVIbritþprNa bBa¢aeGayRbKl;TMnij/ ~ by instalments esdækic© ¬tamry³karkat;bnßysac;R)ak;pÁt;pÁg; RbKl;TMnijtamdMNak;kal/ ~ note lixit rW cMNayrdæaPi)al¦ RbKl;TMnij ¬[eTAGtifiCn CamYyKñanwgTMnij¦ demagogue n. GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ/ RbCaPiftik³ deflation britþprNa ¬sPaBkarN_TMnij demand tMrUvkar/ sMNUmBr/ ~ bill/draft cuHéføCaTUeTA ¦ deflationary gap KMlatbritþprNa lixitbþÚrykR)ak; ¬eBlbgðajFnaKar¦/ 29
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ~ curve ExSekagtMrUvkar/ ~ deposit R)ak; dependability PaBGacBwgBak;)an beBaØIcrnþ/ ~ exceeds supply tMrUvkarelIs depletion karfycuHeRcIn²/ kareRbIGs;/ tnukmµ karpÁt;pÁg;/ ~ loan kMcIKµankalkMNt; depletive asset RTBüfycuHtamkareRbIR)as; ¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ deport v. nireTs demand, to be in poor minsUvmantMrUvkar deposit R)ak;beBaØI/ nikçitP½NÐ/ certificate of demarcation (boundary) karkMNt; ~ RbkasnIyb½RtbeBaØI/ demand ~ R)ak; RBMRbTl; beBaØIcrnþ/ guaranteed ~ nikçitP½NÐFana/ demilitarise v. dkT½Becj/ eFVIvieyaFkmµ savings ~ R)ak;beBaØIsnSM/ fixed/time ~ de-mining kare)assMGatmIn R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt;/ ~ bank FnaKar demise 1> Ptisnüa/ kic©snüaCYl TTYlR)ak;beBaØI/ ~ guaranty account KNnI 2> mrNPaB R)ak;tMkl;Fana/ ~ in transit R)ak;beBaØIkMBug demobilise v. rMsay ¬kgT½B¦ epÞr/ ~ receipt bgáan;édTTYlR)ak;beBaØI/ democratisation ~ slip b½NÑsresrepJIR)ak; RbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmµ/ RbCanuvDÆn¾ deposit R)ak;kk; demographic rate (birth, death ...) deposit (minerals...) RsTab;Er: GRtaRbCasaRsþ ¬kMeNIt/ mrN³ >>>¦ deposit v. 1> kk; 2> tMkl;R)ak;/ epJIR)ak; demonetise karbBa©b;tMéleRbIR)as;én ¬enAFnaKar¦ RkdasR)ak;¼kak; depositor GñkepJIR)ak; denationalisation niCatUbnIykmµ/ karbþÚr depreciate v. Føak;éfø RTBüsm,tþirdæeTACaÉkCn depreciation 1> karFøak;éfø¼tMél denial, flat karRbEkkdac;Ghgáar 2> ¬kar¦ rMls; 3> karswkerc denominated in USD (cheque) depreciation allowance (accounting) carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ TayC¢TaneGaydl;rMls; denomination ÉktatMélénRkdasR)ak; depress v. sgát;cuH ¬TIpSar/ GarmµN_/ ¬rW kak;¦ Qñan;RhVaMgrfynþ >>>¦ denominator (fraction) PaKEbg depression, economic vism<aFesdækic© density dg;sIuet deputy prime minister ]bnaykrdæm®nþI Department of Overseas Trade deputy chairman GnuRbFan naykdæanBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs deputy manager naykrg/ bNÑaFikarrg Department of Public Prosecution deregulate v. eFVIbdiniy½tkmµ GgÁkarGyükar dereliction of duty kare)aHbg;Parkic© department store PNÐaKar 30
Economic Lexicon Part 1 derivative instrument (banking) diagram KMnUsbMRBYj ]bkrN_nisSnÞ differentiate v. Ejk descendant bcäaCn differentiation karEjkeGayeXIjPaBxusKña description 1> karBiBN’na digit elx/ single ~ inflation GtiprNa 2> RbePTTMnij/ ~ of goods karraymuxTMnij mantYelxEtmYyxÞg; desertification rehadæanIykmµ ¬kareFVI[ digital EdlbgðajCaelx/ DIhSúItal; eTACavalrehadæan¦ digitalised economy esdækic©erxUbnIykmµ design karrcnatak;Etg/ bøg;/ ~ effect dignitary sSrCn T§iBlénbøg;/ ~ weight TMgn;bøg; dignity PaBéføfñÚr/ sSrPaB design v. rcnatak;Etg dilemma n. sßanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsd¾Bi)ak designation letter lixit]eTÞsnam dimension TMhM/ TidæPaB ¬énsPaBkarN_GVImYy¦ ¬GñktMNag>>>¦ direct adj. pÞal;/ foreign ~ investment desk study karsikSaenAkariyal½y (FDI) vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs/ ~ cost tMél detailed adj. lMGit/ ~ instructions plitpÞal;/ briyaTanpÞal;/ ~ exchange bTbBa¢alMGit karedaHdUredaypÞal;/ ~ export karnaMecj deteriorated Gn;KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ edaypÞal;/ ~ tax Bn§pÞal; deterioration karGn;fy ¬KuNPaB/ éfø>>>¦ direct v. tMrg;Tis determine v. kMNt; direction 1> Tis/ TisedA 2> esckþIENnaM/ detriment karxUcRbeyaCn_ provide ~ and guidance pþl;TisedA detrimental Edl eFVIeGayxUcRbeyaCn_¼ nigkarENnaM ¬[eFVIGVImYy¦ bgáeRKaHfñak; directive karcg¥úlTis/ bTENnaM/ ~ on devalue v. bBa©úuHtMélrUbiyvtßú ¬eFobnwg wages and prices bTENnaMsþIBIebovtSr_nigéfø rUbiyvtßúÉeTot²¦ direct-lending schemes kmµviFINTanpÞal; development karGPivDÆn_/ karlUtlas;/ ~ director nayk yuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_/ ~ aid CMnYyGPivDÆn_/ strategies director-general GKÁnayk/ deputy ~ ~ project KMeragGPivDÆn_/ Development Triangle GKÁnaykrg Zone tMbn;GPivDÆn_RtIekaN directory 1> bBa¢IrayeQµaH deviation 1> kargakecj 2> KMlat 2> ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ devise n. Gc©½yTanCaGclnRTBü direct-transit trade BaNiC¢kmµqøgkat;pÞal; ¬tammrtksasn_¦ disability BikarPaB diagnosis n. eraKvinicä½y disadvantage plvi)ak/ KuNvibtþi 31
Economic Lexicon Part 1 disadvantaged caj;eRbob/ ~ farmers discount rate GRtaGbhar/ GRtacuHéfø ksikrTn;exSay discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis disaggregation karbMEbkGgÁpSM karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;Kittamry³eBl disagree v. minRBmeRBog/ minÉkPaB/ discouraged worker Blkr)ak;Twkcitþ minyl;Rsb discretion qnÞanusiT§i ¬siT§isMerceBjelj¦/ disagreement n. karminRBmeRBog, in the at the ~ of the government CaqnÞanusiT§i event of ~ kñúgkrNIKµankarRBmeRBog rbs;rdæaPi)al disbursement karebIkpþl;¬R)ak;¦/ discrimination karerIseGIg ~ account KNnIraymuxkarebIkpþl;R)ak;/ disequilibrium vismta/ PaBKµanlMnwg ~ schedule kalviPaKebIkpþl;R)ak; dishonoured bill of exchange discharge 1> dkbNþwg/ ~ a bankrupt rUbiyaNtþiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF eGaybuKÁl)anrYcputBIPaBBIkS½yFn BIeRBaH dishonoured cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt )anTUTat;bMNulehIy 2> TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug bdiesdæ ¬minTUTat;¦ 3> bBaÄb; ¬buKÁlik¦ disillusion esckþIRsgakcitþy:agxøaMg disciplinary action kardak;vin½y disincentive eRKOgbg¥ak;Twkcitþ ¬kardak;eTasxagrdæ)al¦ disinflation karbnßyGtiprNa disciplinary council RkumRbwkSavin½y disinvestment kardkTunQb;vinieyaK ¬GñksMercdak;vin½yelIbuKÁlik¦ dismiss v. bBaÄb;BIkargar/ edjecal/ disciplinary sanction TNÐkmµxagvin½y/ dismissal n. karbBaÄb;BIkargar to impose ~ dak;vin½y dispatch n. karbBa¢Ún/ karEbgEck disciplinary transfer dispatch v. epJI/ bBa¢Ún ¬TMnij>>>¦ karpøas;ecjedaydak;vin½y dispersion diagram düaRkambMEbkray disclaimer bTRbkasbdiesF disposable personal income cMNUl ¬karTTYlxusRtUv/ siT§i >>>¦ enATMenrrbs;buKÁl/ cMNUlbuKÁleRkaykat;Bn§ discount 1> Gbhar ¬karcuHéfø¦/ cash ~ ¬]> R)ak;ExebIkykeTApÞH)an¦ karlk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ to sell dispose v. CMrHbBa©b; goods at a ~ lk;TinijcuHéfø dispossess dkhUtrbs;RTBü 2> Gbharit ¬R)ak;cuHéføeGay¦ 3> cuHéfø disproportionate (amount of cash) discount a bill v. eFVIGbharrUbiyaNtþi vismamaRt ¬cMnYnsac;R)ak;¦ ¬lk;rUbiyaNtþieGayFnaKar¦ dispute vivaT/ CMelaH/ ~ settlement discount bank FnaKarTij]bkrN_ mechanism ynþkaredaHRsayvivaT TUTat;lixitbMNul 32
Economic Lexicon Part 1 dissemination karpSBVpSay domestic kñúgRsuk ¬rW kñúgRbeTs¦/ ~ assets dissolution karrMlay (bank) RTBüskmµkñúgRsuk>/ ~ credit NTan distortion karERbRbYlxusPaBedIm kñúgRsuk/ ~ demand tMrUvkarkñúgRsuk/ ~ income distress (sale) edaymanFur³bnÞan;/ edaHT½l (DI) plTunkñúgRsuk/ ~ financing hirBaØb,Tan ¬karlk;¦ kñúgRbeTs/ ~ product (DP) plitplkñúgRsuk/ distribution karEckcay ~ savings sBa¢½yFnkñúgRsuk ~ supply distribution of sample r)ayKMrUtag karpÁt;pÁg;kñúgRsuk/ ~ price stability sßirPaB distribution, unequal wealth éføkñúgRsuk/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsuk r)ayvismFn ¬karEckcayRTBüminesµIKña¦ domicile n. lMenA/ ~ of origin lMenAedIm disturbance karrMxan/ noise ~ karrMxan ¬lMenABIkMeNIt tamFmµtaKW lMenA«Buk¦ edaysMelg domiciled bill of exchange rUbiyaNtþi diversification cMruHkmµ/ BiBiFkmµ manbBa¢ak;Gas½ydæan dividend PaKlaP domiciled in Cambodia divisible adj. EdlEckdac;/ GacEbgEck/ manlMenApøÚvkarenAkm<úCa ~ letter of credit sarNTanGacbMEbk)an dominate v. RKbsgát; division of labour karEbgEckBlkmµ domino effect T§iBldUmINU docker kmµkrkMBg;Ep donation GMeNay documentary collection donee bdiKÁahk 1> karRbmUlR)ak;eRkayeBl)anTTYlÉksar donor Tayk/ Gñkpþl;CMnYy 2> karRbmUlÉksar dormant adj. KµanskmµPaB/ ~ company documentary credit NTanÉksar Rkumh‘unKµanskmµPaB ¬kñúgmYykariybriecäT¦ documentation dose xñatmaRta/ kMrit 1> Éksar ¬TaMgGs;Tak;TinnwgerOgGVImYy¦ dossier sMNMuerOg 2> karksagsMNMuÉksar double v. ekInmYyCaBIr documents against acceptance (D/A) double-deflation technique pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijeBlbBa¢ak;TTYlRBmCMBak; bec©keTsbRgYmsÞÜn documents against payment (D/P) double-entry bookkeeping pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak; viFIcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK dogma n. siT§anþ ¬CMenOrbs;mnusSmYyRkumEdl doubtful debt NeTyüsgS½y eKrMBwgfaGñkÉeTotTTYlykedayKµanCECktv:a¦ down payment R)ak;kk;/ R)ak;bg;dMbUg dollarisation duløarUbnIykmµ downgrade v bBa©úHtMél 33
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ¬]> kñúgkarBüakrN_tMélsnøwkh‘un¦ dutiable EdlRtUvbg;Bn§/ ~ goods TMnij downsize v. kat;bnßy RtUvbg;Bn§¼Cab;Bn§ downstream product plitpl duty Bn§ ¬BiessBn§Ky nigGakrBiess¦/ ad xageRkam¼cugExS ¬ekItecjBIplitpledIm¦ valorem ~ Bn§yktaméfø/ customs ~ Bn§Ky/ downward tendency ninñakarfycuH excise ~ GakrBiess/ ~ paid price dowry ekrþ×xagRsI éføKitTaMgBn§ draconian measures viFankartwgrwgsMebIm duty Parkic©/ ~ bound Cab;Parkic© draft 1> esckþIRBag 2> rUbiyaNtþi/ bank ~ duty-free EdlrYcBn§/ ~ goods TMnijrYcBn§ rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar ¬lixitbBa¢a[FnaKarebIkR)ak;¦ duty-paid goods TMnijbg;Bn§ehIy draft term lkçxNÐlixit DVD DIvIDI ¬fasvIedGU¦ draught animals (GB), draft dwindle v eFVIrMls;bnþicmþg² animals (US) stVGUsTaj dynamic adj. DINamik/ Edlman famPaB¼snÞúH draw lots v. cab;eqñat ¬edIm,IeRCIserIs¦ dynamics n. DINamik/ famPaB drawback n. cMNucminl¥ dynamism DINamIs/ famPaB/ snÞúHkMlaMg drawback n. Bn§KybgVilsgvij ¬enAeBl TMnijRtUv)annaMecjeTAvij¦ drawee bharit/ GñkeGayeKdkR)ak;/ E, e GñkRtUv)anesñIeGaybg;R)ak; drawer bhar½k/ GñkdkR)ak; earmark v. élTuk ¬sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy¦ drawing account KNnIR)ak;beBaØI earned fees kMérrk)an KµankalkMNt; earnest R)ak;kk;/ kMNt; drawing rights siT§idkR)ak; ¬siT§isMux©I¦ earning capacity smtßPaBrkR)ak; drop karFøak;cuH earnings cMNUl/ kMér/ dual price system RbB½n§éføTVIk³/ RbB½n§éføBIr retained ~ R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk due 1> EdlCMBak; 2> Edldl;kMNt; ¬Edlmin)anebIk[m©as;h‘unCaPaKlaPeT¦ due date NRbtiTan/ éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak; ease, prices are inclined to éføman due-card salakb½Rtpþl;TMnij ninñakarfycuH dumping karcak;Kr/ karlk;bgçÚcéfø/ easement esvPaB/ siT§ieRbIR)as;dIGñkdéT ~ duty Bn§Tb;Tl;nwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø easy money policy eKalneya)ay duplication 1> kareFVI[eTVKuN sac;R)ak;gayRsYl ¬EdlsMrYlkarpÁt;pÁg; 2> karRtYtKña ¬tRbeyaCn_¦ sac;R)ak;edIm,IBRgIkesdækic©¦ durability PaBCab;lab;/ PaBzitezr 34
Economic Lexicon Part 1 easy terms of payment lkçxNÐTUTat; kmµviFIsßirPavUbnIykmµesdækic© gayRsYl economic cost-benefit analysis ecological equilibrium lMnwgeGkULÚsuI (ECBA) karviPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj ecological tourism eGkUeTscrN_ xagesdækic© ecological zone tMbn;eGkULÚsuI economical EdlsnSMsMéc ecology eGkULÚsuI economics viTüasaRsþesdækic© eco-national product (ENP) economies of scale esdækic©maRtdæan plitplbrisßanCati economist esdæviTU econometrics esdækic©maRtsaRsþ/ economise snSMsMéc viC¢avas;Evgesdækic© economy esdækic©/ sMéc/ balance of economic énesdækic©/ ~ austerity national ~ tulüPaBesdækic©Cati/ black ~ tbkmµesdækic©/ kart,itet,ótxagesdækic©/ esdækic©ggwt/ centrally planned ~ esdækic© ~ blockade/embargo karh‘u¿B½T§esdækic©/ EpnkarRbmUlpþúM/ decentralised ~ esdækic© ~ conditions lkçxNÐesdækic©/ sPaBkarN_ vimCÄkar/ capitalist ~ esdækic©mUlFn/ free esdækic©/ ~ conversion bMlas;esdækic© market ~ esdækic©TIpSaresrI/ planned ~ ¬BiessBIrcnasm<½n§eyaFamkrcnasm<½n§ esdækic©Epnkar/ political ~ esdækic© esdækic©minEmneyaFa¦/ ~ cooperation neya)ay/ ~ car rfynþsuIsaMgtic/ ~ size shRbtibtþikaresdækic©/ ~ corridor xñatFM ¬lk;efakebIeFobnwgbrimaNva¦ rebogesdækic©/ ~ corridor RckTVar esdækic©/ ~ education for all Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña crisis vibtþiesdækic©/ ~ cycle vdþ esdækic©/ ~ Education Sector Support downturn/recession karFøak;cuH esdækic©/ ~ Programme (ESSP) efficiency RbsiT§PaBesdækic©/ EpnkaryuT§saRsþsMrab;RTRTg;vis½yGb;rM ~ entity GgÁPaBesdækic©/ ~ forecast education service esvaGb;rM karBüakrN_esdækic©/ ~ impact plb:HBal; effective skþisiT§i xagesdækic©/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkarT½resdækic©/ effective date éf¶RbsiT§PaB ~ pattern lMnaMesdækic©/ ~ integration effective demand tMrUvkarCak;Esþg smahrNkmµesdækic©/ ~ model KMrUesdækic©/ effective rate of protection (ERP) ~ philosophy TsSnviC¢aesdækic©/ ~ policy GRtaKaMBarskþisiT§i eKalneya)ayesdækic©/ ~ projection effectiveness PaBskþisiT§i karKn;KUrxagesdækic©/ ~ sanction TNÐkmµ efficiency RbsiT§PaB esdækic©/ ~ stabilisation programme efficient EdlmansmtßPaB/ Edlmanpll¥/ 35
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ~ worker kmµkrEdlmansmtßPaB citþTukdak;eTAelInieyaCit elaborate y:agl¥itl¥n;/ briyayy:agl¥itl¥n; employer nieyaCk elasticity PaByWt/ EdlGacpøas;bþÚr)an/ employment 1> kargar ¬eTogTat;manR)ak; ~ of supply and demand PaByWténkar kMér¦ 2> sßanPaBmankargareFVI/ ~ rate GRta pÁt;pÁg; nigtMrUvkar GñkmankargareFVI 3>karCYl ¬[bMerIkargar elderly Cncas;Cra eTogTat;¦/ ~ bureau kariyal½yrkkargar electoral official m®nþIe)aHeqñat eGayeFVI/ ~ shock karb:HTgÁicxagkargar electrification GKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµ/ rural empower v. pþl;GMNac¼pþl;siT§iGMNac[ ~ fund mUlniFiGKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµCnbT emulation karRbECgtamKMrUl¥ electronic adj. eGLicRtUnik enact a law Gnum½tc,ab; element smasFatu encode v. sresrCaelxkUd ¬bkERbPasa eligibility for bank loans PaBGacTTYl samBaØeTACaelxkUd¦ )anNTanBIFnaKar encouragement karelIkTwkcitþ/ karCMruj eligible EdlmansiT§i/ EdlGacTTYlyk)an end product plitplsMerc elite Gñkzan³x<s; end result plsMerc embargo karh‘¿uB½T§/ ninñivarN_ ¬]> karham endangered species RbePTesÞIrputBUC Xat;mineGaynaMTMnijecj-cUl¦/ lift an ~ ending inventory sareBIP½NÐcugRKa elIkkarh‘¿uB½T§ecj/ place an ~ dak;karh‘¿uB½T§ endorse v. 1> KaMRT 2> carxñg ¬ Éksar¦ embezzlement karekgRbv½Ba© endorse v. (an expense) cuHTidæakar emergency PaB bnÞan;¼Gasnñ/ in case of ¬bBa¢ak;yl;RBmelIcMNay¦ (French: viser) ~ kñúgkrNIbnÞan;/ ~ aid CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ endorsee GñkmansiT§ieRbIR)as;lixitsñam ~ condition lkçxNÐPaBGasnñ/ ~ fund tamcMNarxñg mUlniFise®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ loan kMcIse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ endorsement bidæielx/ cMNarBIxñg/ ~ relief CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ tax Bn§visamBaØ rUbiybdiePaK/ ~ for collection cMNarxñg emerging economies esdækic©kMBugegIbeT,Ig ÉksaredIm,IRbmUlR)ak; emerging markets TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig endorser GñkeFVIbidæielx/ GñkcarxñgÉksar/ emission bnSay ¬]> ]sµ½nBul¦ rUbiybdiePaKI emolument brilaP/ R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg endowment R)ak;pþl;[/ TayC¢Tan ¬R)ak; emotional buying motive bMNgTij EbgEckCaeTogTat;sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy¦ edayrMePIbcitþ energy conservation karsnSMsMécfamBl emphasise v. sgát;F¶n;/ KUsbBa¢ak; energy efficiency RbsiT§PaBfamBl employee nieyaCit/ ~ oriented Edlyk enforce payment v. bgçMeGayTUTat; 36
Economic Lexicon Part 1 enforce v. dak;eGayRbtibtþi/ dak;bgçM[Gnuvtþ/ karb:HBal;brisßan/ ~ protection BRgwgkarGnuvtþn_ ¬c,ab;¦/ enforcement (n) kic©karBarbrisßan/ ~ security snþisuxbrisßan enforceable mantMélRbtibtþi/ Gacdak;bgMç envoy eRbsit¼ebskCnBiess [Gnuvtþ)an equality smPaB/ income ~ smPaBén engage v. Bak;B½n§cUl R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ benefit plRbeyaCn_esµIKña/ engagement karcUlRbLÚk equalisation kareFVIeGaymansmPaB engine of economic growth equation smIkar k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdækic© equilibrium lMnwg/ tulüPaB/ smta/ enhancement karelIksÞÜy ~ price éfølMnwg enough RKb;RKan; equitable edaysmFm’/ esµIPaB enquiry esckþIesñI/ equities h‘unFmµta make enquiries saksYrB½t’man equity n. RTBüm©as; ¬RTBüskmµ dk enrollment rate (school) bMNUlcrnþ nigh‘unGnueRKaH¦ GRtacuHeQµaHcUleron equity smFm’/ with ~ EdlmansmFm’/ ~ enterprise shRKas/ free ~ shRKasesrI fund mUlniFismFm’ ¬minenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;rdæ¦/ small- equity capital Tunm©as;h‘unFmµta scale ~ shRKasxñattUc equity of redemption siTi§ls; entertainment karkMsanþ/ ~ centre ¬rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk¦ mNÐlkMsanþ equity participation PaKkmµ ¬cUlh‘un¦ entitle v. pþl;siT§i equivalent smmUl/ esµIKña/ b:unKña/ ~ to entity GgÁPaB/ legal ~ nItibuKÁl smmUlnwg/ ~ value tMélsmmUl entrepreneur shRKin error el¥óg/ kMhus/ micäaelx/ ~ in entrepreneurship shRKinPaB/ lkçN³ measurement el¥ógkñúgkarvas;Evg écñRbDitrksuI escalation karrIkraldal ¬TMnas;¦/ entry 1> elxna ¬KNenyü¦ 2> karcUl/ kMeNInkartantwg ~ point cMNuccUl/ RckcUl escrow, in EdlrkSaTukkñúgédttIyCn enumerator GñkcuHeFVIGegát/ GñksYrGegát essential Casarvnþ/ ~ goods TMnijCasarvnþ ¬KYreRbI interviewer rW surveyor vij¦ established business GaCIvkmµEdl environment brisßan/ ~ scan karemIl cak;bJsehIy/ GaCIvkmµmanRsab; cMNucsMxan;kñúgbrisßan establishment 1> RKwHsßan 2> karbegáIt environmental adj. énbrisßan/ ~ impact estate 1> dIkmµsiT§i ¬FM²¦ 37
Economic Lexicon Part 1 2> RTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlEdlsøab; karbþÚrR)ak;/ ~ dumping karlk;bMpøajGRta estate agent Pñak;garrksuICYl rWlk;Gcln bþÚrR)ak;/ ~ gain/loss cMeNj¼kMhatelI RTBü karbþÚrR)ak;/ ~ office kariyal½ybþÚrR)ak; estate, real GclnRTBü 2> pSar/ kEnøglk;Tij/ stock ~ pSarh‘un estimate v. )a:n;sµan/ vaytémø exchange rate or rate of exchange estimated profit R)ak;cMeNj)a:n;sµan GRtabþÚrR)ak;/ monthly average ~ GRta estimation bias lMeGogénkar)a:n;sµan bþÚrR)ak;mFümRbcaMEx/ closing ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak; ethics sIlFm’/ sIlFm’viC¢aCIv³ ¬RkmsIlFm’¦ enAeBlbiT/ fixed ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;minERbRbYl¼ ethnography CatiBn§úviTüa efr/ parallel market ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;TIpSar/ Eurodollar duløarGWr:ub ¬duløarepJIkñúgFnaKarenA forward ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/ eRkAshrdæGaemriksMrab;bMerIBaNiC©kmµkñúgGWr:ub¦ official ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;pøÚvkar/ spot ~ GRta evaluation karvaytémø/ credit project ~ bþÚrR)ak;dl;éd karvaytMélKMeragNTan exchange, letter of (or bill of ) evasion (tax) kareKc ¬Bn§¦ rUbiyaNtþi even number elx Kt;KUr¼KUr excise tax GakrBiess ¬c,ab;km<úCa³ Gakr event RBwtþikarN_/ ~ of default krNIKµan BiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnYn¦ lT§PaBsg excise tax revenues rC¢eTyücMNUl eventuality yfaehtu exclusive agent tMNagpþac;mux evidence Psþútag exclusive right siT§ipþac;mux evolution karvivtþn_ executive adj. Edl Rbtibtþi¼Gnuvtþ/ evolving process dMeNIkarvivtþþin_ ~ body/entity/unit esnaFikar/ ~ director exacerbate eFVIeGayrwtEtF¶n;F¶r naykRbtibtþi/ ~ committee KN³kmµaFikar examine v. Binitü Rbtibtþi/ ~ structure rcnasm<½n§Rbtibtþi/ ex-ante price éføEpnkar ¬muneBlGnuvtþ ~ summary esckþIsegçb ¬segçbÉksar Cak;Esþg¦ EdlEvgsMrab;fñak;dwknaMGan¦ excavation kMNay ¬buraNviTüa¦ executive n. 1> fñak;dwknaM/ chief ~ nayk exceed v. elIs Rkumh‘un 2> GMNacnItiRbtibtþi excess n. & adj. 1> el,Is/ sMNl; ¬fvika¦ executive power GMNacnItiRbtibtþi 2> elIs/ ~ capacity smtßPaBelIs ¬rdæaPi)al¦/ GMNacRbtibtþi ¬sßab½nepSgeTot ¬tMrUvkarplit¦/ ~ reserve R)ak;bMrugelIs dUcCaRkumRbwkSaXMu¦ exchange 1> karedaHdUr/ karbþÚr/ karpøas;bþÚr exemption, tax karelIkElgBn§/ muFaPaB ¬BaNiC¢kmµ¦/ ~ control karRtYtBinitü énBn§Gakr 38
Economic Lexicon Part 1 exert pressure v. dak;sMBaF/ eFVIkarekobsgát; explicit Cak;lak;/ ~ instruction bTbBa¢a existence GtßiPaB Cak;lak; existing EdlmanRsab;/ ~ structure exploitation GaCIvkmµ/ ~ of natural rcnasm<½n§EdlmanRsab;/ ~ level of resources kareFVIGaCIvkmµFnFanFmµCati development kMrit manRsab;¼GtßiPaB exploration karrukrk/ oil ~ karrukrk énkarGPivDÆn_ eRbgkat exit point cMNucecj/ Rckecj exponential growth kMeNInGicSb:UNg;sIuEyl ex-officio tamGMNacmuxgar ¬]> tam export v. & n. 1>naMecj 2>karnaMecj/ GMNac¼edaysar muxgarCahirBaØik Kat;RtUv nIhr½N/ ~ article/item muxTMnijnaMecj/ køayCasmaCikénKN³kmµkarhirBaØvtßú¦ ~ duty Bn§naMecj/ ~ subsidies ]btßmÖFn exogenous xageRkA/ negative ~ factors sMrab;karnaMecj/ ~ licence GaCJab½NÑnaMecj/ ktþaGviC¢manxageRkA ~ monopoly karnaMecjpþac;mux/ ~ tariff expansion karBRgIk/ vibulkmµ/ vibulkar/vitßarkmµ taragBn§naMecj/ ~ of workers karnaMecj expatriate (or expat) GñkcMeNalRsuk/ Blkmµ GaNikCn exportation karnaMecj/ nIhr½Nkmµ exporter GñknaMecj/ nIharin expectation, rational karrMBwgsmehtupl exporting firm Rkumh‘unnaMecj expected profit R)ak;cMeNjrMBwgTuk exports TMnijnaMecj expend v. cMNay/ cay ex-post project evaluation karvay expenditure n. cMNay/ capital ~ cMNay CamUlFn/ current ~ cMNaycrnþ ¬cMNayCa tMéleRkayeBlKMeragcb; exposure (banking) haniP½y/ large ~ RbcaMkñúgÉksarxøH¦/ ~ curve ExSekagcMNay expenses, administrative cMNayrdæ)al haniP½yFM extended fund facility (EFF) expenses, sundry cMNayepSg² experience n. bTBiesaFn_ ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnßm extension karbnþeBl ¬eGay¦ experiment n. BiesaFn_ extensive adj. yfapl/ ~ agriculture experimental learning cycle vdþeronsURtedaydkBiesaFn_ ksikmµyfapl external accounts KNnIépÞeRkA experimentation BiesaFnkmµ/ karBiesaFn_ external aid CMnYyBIxageRkA ¬RbeTs¦ expertise ekaslüvic½y external balance CBa¢IgTUTat;GnþrCati expiration of a contract karputkMNt; externalities 1> plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA énkic©snüa 39
Economic Lexicon Part 1 2> ktþaxageRkA ktþacMnUlbzm/ primary ~ of production extract sMrg; ktþaplitkmµbzm extraction karykecjmk/ karykEr:/ factual Cak;Esþg/ ~ situation sßanPaBCak;Esþg nisSarNkmµ fad GVIEdleKniymmYyRKa² extractive industry ]sSahkmµykEr: fail v. xkxan/ kS½yFn/ KµaneCaKC½y extradition btüab½n fair mansmFm’/ edayyutþiFm’/ RtwmRtUv/ ¬karRbKl;CnCab;ecaTeTA[RbeTsepSg¦ principle of ~ competition eKalkarN_ extraordinary session sm½yRbCMuvisamBaØ RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ ~ price éføsmrmü extrapolation karKn;KUr fairness PaBsmrmü extra-structural adjustment facility fait(s) accompli(s) RBwtþin½y ¬GVIEdl)an (ESAF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;EktMrUvbEnßm ekItehIy bþÚrElg)an¦ extrinsic reward rgVan;mkBIeRkA fall in prices karFøak;éfø ex-warehouse priceéfø¬lk;¦ecjBIXøaMg fall sharply v. Føak;cuHy:agKMhuk ¬]> éfø ex-works/ex-factory price éfø ¬lk;¦ plitpl¦ ecjBIeragcRk fallacious EdlbMPan; false adj. Ekøgkøay/ minBit falsify v. Ekøgkøay F, f family allowance(s) viPaCn_RKYsar/ R)ak;]btßmÖRKYsar fabric of peace, strengthen the family business GaCIvkmµCalkçN³RKYsar BRgwgekasikasnþiPaBeGaypSarP¢ab;Kñal¥ family food production plitkmµ face value tMélcuHelIb½NÑ es,ógCalkçN³RKYsar facilitate v. CYysMrYl/ bgálkçN³gayRsYl family scale (fishing) ¬karensaT¦ facilities eRKOgsMrYlkar/ kEnøgsMrYlkar CalkçN³RKYsar facility kargayRsYl/ ]bkrN_sMrYl/ extended family well-being suxumalPaBRKYsar fund ~ ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnßm famine TurÖikS/ karGt;Xøan fact GgÁehtu fancy k,ac;k,Úr/ hWuha fact-finding mission ebskkmµEsVgrkkarBit fare éføQñÜlyanCMniH/ concessionary ~ éfø factor ktþa/ ~ cost ktþatMél ¬BaküeRbIkñúg QñÜlGnueRKaH/ full ~ éføQñÜleBj/ half ~ éfø KNnICatisMedAdl;plitplKittaméføTIpSar QñÜlBak;kNþal/ single/one way ~ éføeFVI bUk]btßmÖFn dkBn§pÞal;ecj¦/ primary ~ dMeNIrEteTA rW Etmk/ return ~ (roundtrip ~) cost ktþatMélbzm/ primary ~ income éføeFVIdMeNIreTAmk/ high/low season ~ éføQñl 40
Economic Lexicon Part 1 x<s; rWTabtamrdUv fiduciary currency rUbiyvtßú rW R)ak;Rkdas farm ksidæan, ~ equipment brikçarksidæan fiduciary loan kMcIKµanvtßúFana farming rbrksikmµ/ extensive ~ kareFVI field expenditure cMnaycuHeFVIkardl;kEnøg ksikmµtamEbbvibulvb,kmµ/ ksikmµyfapl/ FIFO (first in, first out) hVIúhVÚ ¬cUlmun intensive ~ ksikmµGtipl/ kareFVIksikmµtam ecjmun¦ filing 1> kartMkl;Tuk 2> kardak;CUnBinitü EbbRbBlvb,kmµ filing system RbB½n§erobcMÉksar far-sighted EdlemIleXIjEvgq¶ay fill in a form bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT FAS (free alongside ship) éføTMnijdwk final cugeRkay/ ~ goods plitplsMerc/ dl;EKmnava ~ output Fatuecj¼plitpl cugeRkay/ fast selling items TMnijlk;dac;elOn ~ consumption kareRbIR)as;cugeRkay/ fast-food restaurant ePaCnIydæan ~ provisions Gvsanb,BaØtiþ ¬c,ab;¦/ Gaharrh½s ~ settlement karTUTat;pþac; fauna rc¢³stV ¬BBYkstV¦ finance officer m®nþIhirBaØvtßú favor karGnueRKaH finance v. pþl;hirBaØb,Tan/ pþl;Tun favourable GMeNaypl/ ~ conditions financial énhirBaØvtßú/ ~ accounting lkçxNÐGMeNaypl/ ~ trade balance KNenyühirBaØvtßú/ ~ assistance CMnYy CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµl¥ hirBaØvtßú/ ~ autonomy sV½yPaBhirBaØvtßú/ favouritism GnueRKaHniym ~ appropriation R)ak;viPaCn_/ ~ charge/ fax TUrsar cost bnÞúkcMNayhirBaØvtßú/ ~ crisis vibtiþ feasibility study karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an rW karsikSaBIsmiT§ilT§PaB hirBaØvtßú/ ~ forecast karBüakrN_hirBaØvtßú/ ~ institution sßab½nhirBaØvtßú/ ~ panic feature lkçN³sMKal;/ vtßúniTÞsSn_ fee kMér/ esah‘uy/ licence ~ kMérGaCJab½NÑ GehtuP½yhirBaØvtßú/ ~ liquidation karCMrH feedback B½t’manRtLb; hirBaØvtßú/ ~ pressure sMBaF hirBaØvtßú/ ~ rate of return GRtaTajcMNUlhirBaØvtßú/ ~ ¬B½t’manpþl;mkeGayvij¦ reform kMENTMrg;hirBaØvtßú/ ~ services esva feet, foot hVIt/ hVÚt/ ¬rgVas;RbEvg¦ felony bT]Rkidæ hirBaØvtßú/ ~ shocks karb:HTgÁicxaghirBaØvtßú/ ~ self-sufficiency PaBm©as;karxaghirBaØvtßú/ fertility PaBmankUn/ ~ rate GRtamankUn ~ standing sßanPaBhirBaØvtßú/ CMhrhirBaØvtßú/ feudalism skþiPUminiym ~ year qñaMhirBaØvtßú/ kariybriecäT fiduciary Cnkan;tMENgCaTITMnukcitþ/ abuse financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA) of ~ karrMelaPesckþITukcitþ 41
Economic Lexicon Part 1 karviPaKcMNay nigplcMeNjhirBaØvtßú fixture eRKOgbMBak;Cab;/ fixtures and financial manager (French: fittings eRKOgbMBak; ¬TaMgGcl½t nigcl½t ordonnateur) GaNab½k/ principal ~ GaNab½k Edllk;eTACamYynwgpÞH¦ edImExS/ delegated ~ GaNab½kepÞrsiT§i flammable substance sarFatueqH financing hirBaØb,Tan/ ~ arm saxapþl; flat sMEb:t/ rab/ qakar/ ~ fee kMérqaka/ hirBaØb,Tan/ ~ modalities EbbbTpþl; ~ price éføqakar hirBaØb,Tan flaw ex©aH/ KuNvibtþi finding rbkKMehIj/ lT§plrkeXIj/ KMehIj/ flawed Edlmanex©aH/ EdlmanKuNvibtþi karrkeXIj flexible Edlbt;Ebn)an/ Tn;Pøn;/ ~ exchange fine v. & n. 1> pakBin½y 2> R)ak;pakBin½y rate GRtabþÚrR)ak; rs;¼Tn;Pøn; finished goods/products plitpl sMerc flight of capital lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn fire insurance karFanar:ab;rgeRKaHGKÁIP½y flimsy paper RkdaseBIelo ¬RkdasesþIg¦ firm GgÁPaBGaCIB/ shRKas float v. 1> GENþt/ 2> dak;[GENþt/ firm offer karsnüalk;Cak;lak; floating rate GRta ¬karR)ak;¦ GENþt firm sale karlk;pþac; ¬tamkic©snüaRtwmRtUv¦ floating capital TuunbgVil fiscal énsareBIBn§/ ~ deficit »nPaB flooded forest éRBlicTwk sareBIBn§/ ~ policy neya)aysareBIBn§/ floor price éføGb,brma ~ year qñaMsareBIBn§ flora rukçCati fish culture/farming karciBa©wmRtI flotation of a new company karcab;epIm þ fisheries reform kMENTMrg;vis½yensaT ebIkRkumh‘unfµIedaylk;snøwkh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH nigClpl flow lMhUr/ karhUr fisheries resource FnFanClpl flow chart tarag/ GgÁkarelx fishery karensaT flow, stock snñiFicracr fishery zone EdnensaT/ reserved ~ fluctuation kareLIgcuH¬éfø¦ EdnensaTbMrugTuk FOB (free on board) éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava fishing lot LÚt_ensaT FOB airport éføTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandæan fixed Cab;lab;/ efr/ Gcl½t/ ~ asset RTBü FOB shipment to destination skmµCab;lab;/ Gclkmµ/ ~ capital TunGcl½t/ éføTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA Gclkmµ¬CamUlFn¦/ ~ cost/ expenses FOB trimmed éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava bnÞúkcMNayefr/ ~ deposit R)ak;beBaØIman nigerobeGay kalkMNt;/ ~ rate GRtaefr ¬minERbRbYl¦ FOB under tackle fixing of quotas karkMNt;kUta/ kardak;kUta éføTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag 42
Economic Lexicon Part 1 focal point cMNucRbsBV vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs/ ~ inflows lMhUrcUlBI focus v. & n. 1> epþat 2> cMNucepþat breTs ¬CMnYy/ rUbiyb½NÑ>>¦/ ~ liabilities following tameRkay/ ~ year qñaMeRkay (bank) RTBüGkmµbreTs/ ~ reserves FnbMrug ¬qñaMeRkayTI1¦ breTs/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµ eRkARbeTs follow-up v. & n. tamdanbnþ foreign-aid programme kmµviFICMnYybreTs food mðÚbGahar/ es,óg/ ~ price index foreign-trade turnover snÞsSn_éfømðÚbGahar/ ~ products/stuffs cMNUlBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs plitples,óg foreman emkar/ emRkum ¬Cag/ kmµkr¦ food balance tulükares,óg ¬brimaN foresight karyl;dwgmun es,ógTaMgGs;Edlman eFobnwg cMnYnRbCaCn forest éRBeQI/ protected ~ areas EdlRtUvciBa©wm¦ tMbn;éRBkarBar/ ~ concession éRBsm,Tan/ food for work es,ógsMrab;Blkmµ coupe ~ éRBKub/ operable ~ éRBeQIGac ¬]> GgárBlkmµ¦ eFVIGaCIvkmµ)an food security snþisuxes,óg forest product/sub-product GnupléRBeQI FOR (free on rail) éføTMnijdwkdl;elIpøÚvEdk forestry rukçsaRsþ force 1> kMlaMg 2> kMlaMgBlkmµ forfeit money R)ak;Bin½y force majeure RbFanskþi forfeit v. kat;ecj/ )at;bg; ¬CakarBin½y¦ force, come into cUlCaFrman/ forfeited to the government ¬RtUv)an¦ manRbsiT§PaB rwbGUsCasm,tþirdæ forecast v. & n. BüakrN_ forgery karEkøg foreclose a mortgage v. bþwgGMNUs/ form RTg;RTay/ legal ~ rUbPaBKtiyutþ rwbGUskmµsiT§iGclnvtßúdak;Fana/ bþwgTamTar form (document) TMrg;kar ¬Éksar¦ kmµsiT§i niekçbRTBü¼RTBübBa©aM ¬edaysareK form and legal concepts of the law min)ansgbMNultamkic©snüa¦ TMrg; nig Kti énc,ab; foregoing esckþIeTIbelIkeLIg formal pøÚvkar/ erobry/ ~ sector vis½y foreign breTs/ ~ accounts KNnIenA erobry breTs/ ~ assets RTBüskmµbreTs/ RTBübeBaØI formalities EbbbT/ TMrg;EbbbT/ TMrg;kar/ enAbreTs/ ~ balance CBa¢IgTUTat; GnþrCati/ fulfil v. ~ bMeBjEbbbT ~ currency/exchange rUbiyvtßú breTs ¬rW formulation mission ebskkmµelIkmti rUbiyb½NѦ/ ~ exchange auction karedjéfø forward mankalkMNt; ¬enAGnaKt¦/ rUbiyb½NÑ/ ~ direct investment (FDI) ~ delivery karRbKl;mankalkMNt;/ 43
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ~ price éfølk;mankalkMNt; free of charge edaytbg;éfø forward v. bBa¢ÚnTMnij free on board and trimmed (see forwarding agency TIPñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún FOB trimmed) éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava forwarding, advice of lixitCUndMNwg nigerobeGay bBa¢ÚnTMnij free on rail (see FOR) FOT (free on truck) éføTMnijdwkdl;elIrfynþ free on truck (see FOT) foul bill of lading b½NÑdwkCBa¢Únminl¥ free will ¬eday¦ suT§citþ ¬EdlbBa¢ak;BIsßanPaBTMnijminl¥enAeBl freedom of association m©as;navaTTYlva¦ esrIPaBksagsmaKm foundation 1> RKwH/ mUldæanRKwH/ xøwmsar freehold property kmµsiT§iKµankalkMNt; 2> mUlniFi freeze kk/ bgák/ wage freeze karbgák founder n. sßabnik/ GñkbegIátRkumh‘un ebovtSr_ ¬mineGayeLIgcuH¦ founder v. rlM/ TTYlbraC½y freight éfødwkCBa¢Ún/ ~ forward éfødwkRtUv founding instrument ÉksarbegáIt bg;edayGñkTij ¬Rkumh‘un¦ freight prepaid éfødwkCBa¢Ún)anbg;mun frame Rkb/ Rkbx½NÐ freight, ad valorem éfødwkCBa¢Únyktam framework Rkbx½NÐ éføTMnij franchise siT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ frequency PaBjwkjab;/ eRhVkg; ¬]> viTüú¦ ¬edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkmµ¦ freshwater Twksab/ ~fisheries franchisee GñkTTYlsiT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ karensaTTwksab ~fish RtITwksab franchiser Gñkpþl;siT§ieGayeRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ fringe benefits GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßm fraud karéKbnøM frozen account KNnI p¥wb¼bBaÄb; fraudulent EdléKbnøM frozen assets RTBüp¥ib/ RTBüCab;kþI free esrI/ ~ market economy esdækic© frozen capital mUlFn p¥wb¼bBaÄb; pSaresrI/ carriage ~ dwkeGayminKitéfø fruitful EdlmanEpøpáa ¬GñkTijmin)ac;ecjéfødwkeT¦ fuel eRKOgeqH/ n§n³ free alongside ship (FAS) full eBj/ Eq¥t/ sBVRKb;/ ~ price éføeBj éfødwkTMnijdl;EKmnava ¬KµancuHéfø¦/ ~ capacity smtßPaBeBjelj free board and lodging full time work kargareBjem:ag Gaharnigsñak;enAedaytbg;éfø fully fledged bank FnaKarmanRKb;esva free currency rUbiyvtßúTijlk;)anedayesrI ¬EdlFMFat;eBjrUbrag¦ ¬rdæKµandak;kMhitRtYtRta¦ 44
Economic Lexicon Part 1 full-right representative tMNageBjsiT§i gamble on the stock exchange v. fully paid up Edl)anTUTat;TaMgRsug elgEl,gTijdUrsnøwkh‘un function muxgar gap KMlat fund mUlniFi/ ~ accounting systems garment industry ]sShkmµkat;edr RbB½n§KNenyümUlniFi/ ~ flow lMhUrmUlniFi/ garnishee n. ttiyCnGMNUs ¬GñkEdlCMBak; ~ raising karérGgÁasmUlniFi R)ak;dl;buKÁlmñak; ehIyEdlRtUvtulakarbBa¢a[ fund (French: provision) sMviFanvtßú sgR)ak;eTAm©as;bMNulrbs;buKÁlmñak;enaH¦ ¬sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ gateway mat;Rck/ international comm- fundamental adj. CaRKwH/ CamUldæan/ unication ~ mat;RckTUrKmnaKmn_GnþrCati ~ research karRsavRCavCaRKwH gather RbmUlpMúþ funding agency/project TIPñak;gar¼ GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs KMerag pþl;mUlniFi and Trade) hÁat;/ kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBI funds held in trust mUlniFibeBaØI ¬]> GgÁkar taragBn§KynigBaNiC¢kmµ k EdleTIbbegáItfµI minTan;manKNnIenAFnaKar GDP (gross domestic product) pss enAeLIy. TaykGacpþl;R)ak; eGayGgÁkar k ¬plitplkñúgRsuksrub¦ edayepJIvacUl KNnIrbs;GgÁkar x Edlman gem or gemstone t,ÚgmantMél TMMnak;TMngl¥CamYyxøÜn edIm,I[GgÁkarenHebIkpþl; gender eynD½r ¬tYnaTIbursRsþI¦ bnþeTA[GgÁkar k¦ gene EhSn/ modify a gene EkécñEhSn fungibility PaBEdlGacykeTACMnYsKña)an general 1> TUeTA/ eKalkarN_ ¬kñúgRbkas>>¦/ ¬rbs;nimYy²Kµan lkçN³¼tMrUvkar edIm,IsMKal; ~ points (in law) kMNt;TUeTA/ ~ provisions ecjBIKñaeT³ ]> EdkeKal¦/ fungible adj. bTb,BaØtþiTUeTA 2> GKÁ/ ~ director GKÁnayk fungibles TMnijGacføwg¼rab;>>>)an general and administrative expenses future value tMélGnaKt cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrdæ)al general inspector GKÁaFikar/ deputy ~ GKÁaFikarrg G, g general inspectorate GKÁaFikardæan general ledger (accounting) esovePAFM gain n. & v. 1> kMeNIn/ capital ~ tMélelIs general meeting mhasnñi)at ¬elIkarlk;RTBüskmµCab;lab;¦ 2> ekIneT,Ig/ general partner GñkcUlh‘unKµankMrit cMeNj ¬CaR)ak;¦ ¬TTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit¦ galloping inflation GtiprNaelatepøaH general regulations nItirYm 45
Economic Lexicon Part 1 general rule, as a tamviFanTUeTA goal eKaledA generality PaBTUeTA going concern GaCIvkmµmandMeNIrkar generalisation kareFVI[manlkçN³TUeTA going price éføFmµta/ éføcrnþ Generalised System of Preferences going rate GRtaFmµta/ GRtacrnþ (GSP) RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA gold standard sþg;darmas/ ~ system generally accepted accounting RbB½n§bþÚrR)ak;tamsþg;darmas principle (GAAP) eKalkarN_ goods TMnij/ capital ~ TMnijmUlFn/ KNenyümankarTTYlsÁal;TUeTA consumer/consumable ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;/ genetic énEhSn/ ~ sequence lMdab;EhSn dry ~ RkNat;nigexaGav/ faulty ~ TMnij genetic modification (GM) karécñµEhSn/ xUcKuNPaB/ finished ~ plitplsMerc/ free GM food GaharécñEhSn/ GM agriculture circulation ~ TMnijcracresrI/ luxury ~ ksikmµécñEhSn TMnijRbNit/ household ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;kñúg genome CINUm/ sMNMuEhSn pÞH/ manufactured ~ TMnijeFVIedaym:asuIn/ genus BYk/ CMBUk ¬stV/ rukçCati >>>¦ ~ and services TMnij nigesva/ ~ in bond geography, economic PUmiviTüaesdækic© TMnijenAXøaMgKy ¬rg;caMkarbg;Bn§¦/ ~ in geology PUKBÖsaRsþ stock TMnijkñúgsþúk/ ~ left on hand TMnijRtUv gesture kayvikar )anbdiesFminTTYl/ ~ in transit TMnijqøg gift GMeNay kat;/ ~ on consignment TMnijepJIeTAlk; gilt-edged investments vinieyaKman goodwill 1> ekrþ×eQµaHCMnYj/ mUlniFiBaNiC¢kmµ suvtßiPaBx<s; ¬]> b½NÑrtnaKar¦ 2> suqnÞ³ global adj. sakl/ srub/ ~ demand governance GPi)alkic©/ local ~ GPi)al tMrUvkarsrub/ ~ social product plitpl kic©mUldæan sgÁmsrub/ ~ economic recession government rdæaPi)al/ ~ and institutional karFøak;cuHesdækic©Casakl accounting KNenyürdæaPi)al nigKNenyü globalisation of economy sßab½n/ ~ agency sßab½nrdæ/ ~ securities saklPavUbnIykmµesdækic© sBaØab½NÑrdæaPi)al glossary sTÞanuRkm/ bTanuRkm grace period (debt payment) glut eRcInkkkuj/ ~ the market eRcIn efrevlaGnueRKaH liclg;TIpSar grade (civil servant) fñak; GNP (gross national product) grading karEbgEckKuNPaB plitplCatisrub/ plTunCatisrub/ ~ deflator grand plan bøg;cMbg snÞsSn_britþprNaplitplCatisrub 46
Economic Lexicon Part 1 grand total srubrYm TUTat;/ ~ certificate or certificate of ~ grandstanding karykkMBs; b½NÑFanaKuNPaB/ quality ~ karFanaKuNPaB grant GMeNayhirBaØvtßú/ ~ aid CMnYytsMNg guaranteed bill of exchange graphics RkahVik/ BinÞúerxIy_ rUbiyaNtþimankarFana grassroots level kMritmUldæan guaranteed deposit fund R)ak;kk; grassroots organisation guarantees and commitments under GgÁkarfñak;eRkam ¬kMritRbCaCn¦ signature (banking) karsnüatamhtßelxa gratuity R)ak;sKuN/ sT§aTan/ CMnUn ¬tbsñg¦ guarantor GñkFana ¬]> elIGñkNamñak; Greater Mekong Sub-region kñúgkarsgbMNul¦ mhaGnutMbn;emKgÁ guardianship GaNaBüa)al green revolution bdivtþn_ébtg guideline eKalkarN_ENnaM greenhouse pÞHkBa©k;/ ~ effect bc©½y guilt BiruT§PaB pÞHkBa©k;/ ~ gas ]sµ½npÞHkBa©k; grid bNþaj ¬RbTak;RkLa¦ gross dul/ srub/ ~ domestic product (GDP) plitplkñúgRsuksrub ¬pss¦/ H, h ~ margin cMeNjdul/ Gb,hardul ¬Ca habitual CaTMlab; PaKryénéfølk;¦/ ~ national product hacker hak;K½r ¬GñklYceRCotcUleTAkñúg (GNP) plitpl¼plTun Catisrub/~ price éfødul/ ~ negligence kareFVsRbEhsF¶n;F¶r RbB½n§kMuBüÚT½rrbs;GñkdéT ¦ half Bak;kNþal/ first ~ of the 6th ¬c,ab;¦/ ~ output Fatuecjdul/ ~ profit century Bak;kNþalTI1 énstvtSr_TI6 cMeNjdul/ ~ proceeds/receipts/returns hallucination mmal/ karmmal cMNUldul/ ~ weight TMgn;dul hand bill xitþb½NÑ ¬b½NÑeXasnapSBVpSay groupage/grouped bill of lading vikáybRtdwkCBa¢Únsrub EckeGaypÞal;éd¦ handicraft sib,kmµ/ vtßúeFVIedayéd/ growth kMeNIn/ karlUtlas;/ ~ rate ~ goods TMnijsib,kmµ GRtakMeNIn handle cat;Ecg/ edaHRsay/ ~ a situation GSP (Generalised System of Preferences) RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA edaHRsaysßankarN_ handling (goods) karelIkdak; guarantee karFana/ vtßúFana/ ~ for a loan hard rwg/ lM)ak/ ~ condition lkçxNÐ vtßFanasMrab;kMcI/ ~ of payment karFana twgEtg/ ~ bargain kartéfød¾twgEtg/ ~ cash 47
Economic Lexicon Part 1 sac;R)ak;mankñúgéd hidden adj. bgáb;/ ~ reserves FnbMrugbgáb; hard disk (computer) fasrwg hierarchy zananuRkm hardware eRKOgcRkF¶n;/ Faturwg ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ high grade (ore) KuNPaBx<s; ¬Er:¦ harmonisation suxdumnIykmµ/ kareFVI[ high school viTüal½y/ junior ~ GnuviTüal½y manPaBcuHsMrugKña high-tech (sector) bec©kviTüax<s; ¬vis½y¦ harmonised EdlrlUnKña hindsight karyl;dwgtameRkay ¬KWman harmony PaBsuxdumrmna bTBiesaFn_edayRBwtkarN_)anekIteLIgehIy¦ iþ harsh conditions lkçxNÐtwgEtg hire-purchase agreement kic©snüaCYl- haulage éfødwkTMnij/ kardwkTMnij ¬tamrfynþ Tijpþac;/ kic©snüaTijbNþak; rW rfePøIg¦/ ~ cost (rates) éfødwkTMnij/ historic/historical cost tMéltam ~ company/firm Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij RbvtþisaRsþ ¬tMélCak;EsþgkalBIeBlTijcUl¦ hazardous EdlRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; historical steps CMhanmanGtßn½yCaRbvtþisaRsþ head office kariyal½yFM/ TIcat;karFM hold in trust kan;kab;CakarepJITuk head tax Bn§mnusS holder (of a cheque...) Gñkkan; heading cMNgeCIg/ xÞg; ¬taragtulükar¦ holder in due course Gñkkan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ headquarters (of a company) Kahkniy½t TIsñak;karkNþal holding company Rkumh‘unhUlDij ¬kan; health care karEfTaMsuxPaB kab;Cag 50°énPaKh‘unkñúgRkumh‘unmYyeTot¦ healthy EdlmansuxPaBl¥/ ~ balance home market pSarkñúgRsuk sheet taragtulükarEsþgplcMeNj/ ~ profit homelessness PaBKµanpÞHsMEbg plcMeNjkñúgcMnYny:ageRcIn home-made plitenA kñúgRsuk¼pÞH hearing svnakar homogeneity PaBesµIsac; heavy equipment brikçarFunF¶n; homogenous adj. sPaK/ esµIsac; ¬dUcKña¦ heavy industry ]sSahkmµFunF¶n; honorarium R)ak;sKuN hedged ¬EdlRtUv)an¦karBarkarxatbg; horizontal epþk/ ~ coordination heir TayaT ¬GñkTTYlmrtk¦ karsMrbsMrYltamExSepþk ¬rW ExSTTwg¦ hereafter BIenHteTA horticulture sakvb,kmµ/ kareFVIc,ardMNaM hereby tamry³enH host government rdæaPi)alm©as;pÞH heritage mrtk/ national ~ ebtikP½NÐCati hot money (money moving frequently heterogeneity PaBminesµIsac; from one country to another) luyekþA heterogeneous laycMruHKña/ visman/ household RKYsar/ RKY/ female-headed ~ visPaK ¬mindUcKña/ minesµIsac;¦ RKYsarRsþIemRKY/ male-headed ~ RKYsar 48
Economic Lexicon Part 1 bursemRKY idle TMenrecal/ KµaneRbIkar/ ~ capital household equipment brikçareKhkic© TunKµaneRbIkar/ ~ time em:agTMenrecal household survey GegátRKYsar ¬m:asuIneFVIkar)anEtKµandMeNIrkar¦ housing pÞHsñak;enA/ karpþl;pÞHsñak;enA/ illegal adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ contract kic©snüa pÞHsMEbg ¬xÞg;cMNay¦/ ~ loan kMcIsMrab; xusc,ab; sg;¼TijpÞH illicit adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ alcohol Rsaxusc,ab; human-capital investment vinieyaK ill-will TuqnÞ³ ¬bMNgGaRkk;¦ TunmnusS imbalance GtulüPaB/ nantþþPaB humanism mnusSniym imaginary profit cMeNjRbDit humanitarian assistance CMnYymnusSFm’ immaculate Ecs ¬fµI/ s¥at¦ humanitarian relief immediate objective TisedAbnÞan; karse®gÁaHEpñkmnusSFm’ immediate payment karTUTat;Pøam² humanity mnusSCati/ nrCati immediate supervisor GñkemIlkarxus husbanding of resources karKitKUr RtUvpÞal; sMécFnFan immobilise (finance) eFVIGclkmµ hydropower construction sMNg; immoral GsIlFm’ varIGKÁisnI immovable (property) n. GclnRTBü hyperinflation GtiprNaelatepøaH immunity 1> PaBsuaM ¬nwgCMgW¦ hypothesis smµtikmµ 2> GP½yÉksiT§i/ diplomatic ~ GP½yÉksiTi§ karTUt impact plb:HBal; I, i impartial minlMeGog impartiality PaBminlMeGog/ GnaKti idea KMnit impeccable tex©aH ideal ]tþmKti imperfection PaBmanex©aH/ GnibuNPaB idealised condition lkçxNÐsuRkitPaB impetus n. snÞúHCMruj identification GtþsBaØaNkmµ/ ~ mission implementation of a law karGnuvtþn_c,ab; ebskkmµ rksMKal;¼bMpusKMnit implementing agency TIPñak;garGnuvtþ identify v. EsVgrkemIl/ rksMKal;/ sMKal; import karnaMcUl/ GahrN/ ~ duty Bn§ )antamPinPaK/ naMcUl/ ~ permit GaCJab½NÑnaMcUl/ ~ quota ideology menaKmn_viC¢a kUtanaMcUl 49
Economic Lexicon Part 1 importer GñknaMcUl/ Gaharin inclusive Edlrab;bBa©Úl/ Cabriyab½nñ import-export GahrN-nIhrN/ income cMNUl/ plTun/ bdilaP/ disposable karnaMecj-naMcUl ~ cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§/ cMNUleRbI)anedayesrI/ imports TMnijnaMcUl/ vieTsP½NÐ private ~ cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_/ personal ~ impose taxes eGaybg;Bn§ cMNUlpÞal;xøÜn/ ~ account KNnIcMNUl/ impoundment karXat;cab;Tuk ¬rfynþ/ TUk>>>¦ ~ (collected) in advance cMNUl)anTTYlmun/ impression cMNab;GarmµN_ ~ per capita cMNUlkñúgmnusSmñak;/ ~ tax improvement karEklMG/ suvuDÆikmµ Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUl/ ~ statement r)aykarN_ impunity niTNÐPaB/ PaBrYceTas/ culture cMNUl of ~ vb,Fm’niTNÐPaB income-generating activities impurity n. 1> PaBminsuT§ skmµPaBbegáItR)ak;cMNUl 2> GVIEdleFVI[minsuT§ ¬]> kkr¦ income-outlay accounts in good faith edayesµaHRtg; KNnIcMNUl-cMNay in post kñúgtMENg incompatibility vismitPaB/ PaBmincuHsMrug inaccuracy PaBminRtwmRtUv incompetence GsmtßPaB inaccurate adj. minRtwmRtUv inconvenience plvi)ak inactive adj. Gskmµ inconvertible currency rUbiyvtßúminGac inadequate minsmlµm bþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦ )an inappropriate minsmRsb/ ~ aid CMnYy incorporated cUlCaRkumh‘un/ )ancuHbBa¢I minsmRsb CaRkumh‘un incapacity GsmtßPaB/ physical/mental incorporated company Rkumh‘un ~ kar)at;bg;smtßPaBxag bBaØa¼kaysm,Ta ¬CanItibuKÁleBjelj¦ incentive eRKOgelIkTwkcitþ/ karelIkTwkcitþ/ increase v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn investment ~ karelIkTwkcitþvinieyaK incremental EdlekInCadMNak;² inception karkekIt indebtedness PaBCMBak;bMNul incertitude PaBminR)akd indefinite minCak;lak;/ KµankMnt; incessant EdltQb;Qr indemnify v. eFVIsMNg incidence n. karekItman/ ~ of tax bnÞúkBn§ indemnity 1> sMNg karxUcxat¼CMgWcitþ ¬cMnYnR)ak;Bn§RtUvFøak;elIbuKÁlNamñak;enAcugbBa©b;¦ 2> R)ak;bMNac; incident ]b,tþiehtu independent audit svnkmµÉkraCü incidental bnÞab;bnSM in-depth suICMerA/ ~ evaluation karvaytMél inclusion karrab;bBa©Úl suICMerA 50
Economic Lexicon Part 1 index snÞsSn_ GtiprNa/ GtiprNakal indexation kardak;snÞsSn_ ¬]> eGay inflexibility PaBrwgkMRBws/ PaBminrs;revIk ebovtSr_ERbRbYleTAtamGtiprNa¦ inflict v. a penalty dak;eTasT½NÐ indicator GaMgDIkaT½r/ sUcnakr ¬]> cab;eGaybg;pakBin½y¦ indigenous people RbCaCnedIm inflow lMhUrcUl indirect tax Bn§Rbeyal influential Edlman GnuPaB¼T§iBl individual ÉktþCn/ buKÁl/ ~ insurance influx lMhUrKMhukcUl karFanar:ab;rgbuKÁl informal sector vis½yminerobry/ vis½y inducement eRKOgCMrujTwkcitþ esdækic©eRkARbB½n§ industrialisation ]sSahUbnIykmµ information and communication industrious adj. ]sSah_¬Büayam¦ technology (ICT) bec©kviTüaB½t’man industry ]sSahkmµ/ rbr/ primary ~ nigTUrKmnaKmn_ ]sSahkmµvtßúFatuedIm/ secondary ~ information technology (IT) ]sSahkmµEkécñ ¬BIvtßúFatuedImeTAplitpl¦/ bec©kviTüaB½t’man light ~ ]sSahkmµFunRsal/ heavy ~ infrastructure ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ]sSahkmµFunF¶n;/ extractive ~ ]sSahkmµ infringe v. RbRBwtþxus/ elµIs ¬c,ab;/ nisSarNkmµ ¬]> ]sSahkmµTajykEr:¦ kic©snüa>>> ¦/ infringement n. inefficiency GRbsiT§PaB inheritance mrtk ¬GMBIGñksøab;¦ inequality vismPaB/ PaBminesµIKña/ in-house adj. kñúgGgÁPaB/ ~ language income ~ vismPaBénR)ak;cMNUl training karbNþúHbNþalPasakñúgGgÁPaB infant mortality rate GRtamrN³kumar initial adj. dMbUg/ ~ capital mUlFndMbUg inference karsnñidæan ¬sMrab;cab;epþImGaCIvkmµ¦/ ~ price éfødMbUg inflammable goods TMnijGacqabeqH initial outlay or initial capital outlay inflate bMe)a:g/ eFVIeGaymanGtiprNa/ esah‘uybegáItshRKasdMbUg inflated price éføbMe):ag ¬tMelIgx<s;eday initial v. cuHhtßelxasegçb/ initialisation n. Kµanehtupl¦ initiative KMnitpþÜcepþIm/ karpþÜcepþImKMnit inflation GtiprNa/ ~ accounting KNenyü injunction (judge's order) GFibBa¢a GtiprNa ¬éføRTBüskmµmanKitbBa©Úl ¬bBa¢arbs;ecARkm¦ GtiprNa¦/ ~ factor ktþaBRgIk/ ktþaGtiprNa injustice GyutiþFm’ inflationary gap KMlatGtiprNa in-kind contribution viPaKTanCavtßú inflationary period ry³eBlman input n. FatucUl 51
Economic Lexicon Part 1 inquiry karsaksYr ¬B½t’man/ éfø>>¦/ letter insufficiency PaBminRKb;RKan; of ~ lixitsaksYrB½t’man insurance karFanar:ab;rg/ all risks ~ insensitivity 1> GevTyitPaB karFanar:ab;rghaniP½yRKb;RbePT/ car ~ 2> PaBmincab;GarmµN_ karFanar:ab;rgelIrfynþ/ life ~ karFana insider trading karCYjdUrh‘uneday r:ab;rgelICIvit/ ~ agent Pñak;garFanar:ab;rg/ ~ GñképÞkñúg ¬EdldwgB½t’mansMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ certificate viBaØabnb½RtFanar:ab;rg/ insolvency PaBminGacsgbMNul)an/ GsaFPaB ~ company Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg/ ~ law inspect v. eFVIGFikarkic©/ RtYtBinitü c,ab;sþIBIkarFanar:ab;rg/ ~ policy b½NÑsnüa inspection GFikarkic©/ ~ fee kMéresva r:ab;rg/ ~ premium(s) buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg GFikarkic©/ pre-shipment ~ GFikarkic©TMnijmun insured n. GñkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg eBlpÞúk/ ~ certificate viBaØabnb½RtGFikarkic© insurer GñkFanar:ab;rg inspectorate RkumGFikarkic© intake karRsUbcUl installation zbnkmµ/ karerobcMtMelIg/ intangible GrUbI/ ~ assets RTBüGrUbI ~ cost cMNaypÁMútMelIg integration smahrNkmµ/ karbBa©ÚlKña/ instalment R)ak;sgbNþak;/ ~ system ~ of industry smahrNkmµ]sSahkmµ/ RbB½n§TUTat;bNþak; vertical ~ smahrNkmµbBaÄr instalment sales credit or instalment integrity PaBs¥ats¥M/ territorial ~ plan buying karlk;¼Tij edayTUTat;sg bUrNPaBEdndI bNþak; intellectual property kmµsiT§ibBaØa instalment shipment intelligible Edlyl;)an karbBa¢ÚnTMnijCabeNþIr² intensification RbBlkmµ/ RbBlvb,kmµ/ institutional finance hirBaØvtþúsßab½n agricultural ~ RbBlvb,kmµksikmµ institutionalisation sßabnUbnIykmµ intensive Gtipl/ ~ agriculture ksikmµGtipl institutionalise eFVIsßabnUbnIykmµ/ ksag intention bMNg/ ectna Casßab½n interaction Gnþrkmµ instruction bTbBa¢a/ esckþIENnaM interactive Gnþrskmµ instrument briFan/ ]bkrN_/ negotiable inter-bank adj. GnþrFnaKar/ ~ settlement ~ ]bkrN_TUTat; system RbB½n§TUTat;GnþrFnaKar instrument of accession lixitUbkrN_ inter-censal decade TsvtSr_cenøaHCMerOn cUlCaPaKI interdependence karBwgEp¥kKñaeTAvijeTAmk instrument of ratification interest 1> plRbeyaCn_ 2> karR)ak;/ lixitUbkrN_énkarpþl;sc©ab½n 52
Economic Lexicon Part 1 compound ~ karR)ak;smas, high/low ~ mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati karR)ak; x<s;¼Tab/ simple ~ karR)ak;samBaØ/ International Organisation for ~ due date éf¶KitkarR)ak;/ ~ period Standardisation (ISO) GgÁkarGnþrCati kalKitkarR)ak; xagsþg;darUbnIykmµ interest rate GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ for savings internet GuinfWNit/ ~ -cafe salbMerIGuinfWNit GRtakarR)ak;snSM intersect v. (graph lines) kat;Kña interference kareRCotERCk inter-sectoral Gnþrvis½y integrate v. eFVIsmahrNkmµ/ dak;bBa©Úl/ interview v. & n. 1> sMPas/ eFVIsMPas ~ed pest management (IPM) 2> bTsMPasn_/ semi-structured ~ viFankarcMruHEfTaMdMNaM bTsMPasn_Bak;kNþalerobry ¬eRbIbBa¢IsMnYr interim sþITI/ beNþaHGasnñ mYyPaK nigsYrEfmmYyPaK¦ intermediary project KMeragGnþrkarI interviewee n. GñkeqøIysMPasn_ intermediate goods TMnijGnþrkarI interviewer n. GñksYrsMPasn_ intimidate v. bMPitbMP½y intermediate output FatuecjGnþrkarI/ intra-cluster kñúgrgVg;kBa©úM plitplGnþrkarI intrinsic sCÄnþik³ intermediate technology bec©kviTüa introduction esckþIepþIm fñak;kNþal intuition GBÖnþjaN intermediation GnþrkarIkmµ/ financial ~ inundated forest (see flooded forest) GnþrkarIkmµhirBaØvtßú intern n. (see trainee) kmµsikSakarI éRBlicTwk invalidate v. cat;TukCaemaX³ internal épÞkñúg/ ~ affairs kic©karépÞkñúg/ ~ invaluable adj. kat;éfømin)an audit svnkmµépÞkñúg/ ~ control karRtYt BinitüépÞkñúg/ ~ rate of return (IRR) GRta invasion karlukluy/ ~ of privacy TajcMNUlépÞkñúg/ ~ transfer bEgVrépÞkñúg karrMelaPsiTi§CaÉkCn international GnþrCati/ ~ standard sþg;dar inventory sareBIPNн/ sþúk/ TMnij/ draw up GnþrCati/ ~ bidding/tendering karedjéfø an ~ eFVIbBa¢IsareBIP½NÐ CaGnþrCati/ ~ relations TMnak;TMngGnþrCati inventory stock card b½NÑsþúk International Air Transport invest v. vinieyaK/ eFVIvinieyaK Association (IATA) smaKm investigate v. esuIbGegát dwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakasGnþrCati investment n. vinieyaK/ karbNþak;Tun/ International Monetary Fund (IMF) ~ licence GaCJab½NÑvinieyaK 53
Economic Lexicon Part 1 investor vinieyaKin/ GñkvinieyaK invisible adj. emIlmineXIj/ ~ assets J, j RTBüGrUbI invoice vikáybRt jettison TMlak;GIv:an;ecalxøHedIm,IsMral involuntary Gectna/ tbMNg ¬nava/ ynþehaH¦ involvement kar cUlBak;B½n§¼Bak;B½n§ job kargar/ white-collar ~ or office ~ IOU (I owe you) lixitTTYlCMBak; ¬xJúMCMBak;Gñk¦ kargarkñúgkariyal½y/ ~ description BiBN’ irrecoverable Edl RbmUlmin)an¼ Tarmin)an nakagar/ ~ design KMeragkargar/ bøg;kargar/ irregular mineTogTat;/ minRbRktI ~ grading/ranking cMNat;fñak;kargar/ irregularities (mistakes) PaBminRbRktI ~ holder Gñkkan;kargar/ ~ lot TMnijcMruH ¬kMhus¦ mYydMu² eRcInGn;² niglk;efak²/ ~ rotation irrelevant EdlminTak;Tg karbþÚrevnkargar/ ~ specialisation irreversible adj. EdlminGacERbRkLas;)an irrevocable adj. minGacbdiesF)an/ ÉkeTskmµkargar/ ~ title eQµaHkargar ~ letter of credit sarNTanminGac joblessness PaBGt;kargareFVI/ nikmµPaB bdiesF)an joint (enterprise, committee) cMruH irrigate v. eRsacRsB/ irrigation n. joint (liability) ¬karTTYlxusRtUv¦ rYmKña/ issuance kare)aHpSay ¬RkdasR)ak;¦ ~ and several liability karTTYlxusRtUv issue bank FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak; rYmKñanigerog²xøÜn issue v. (a licence) ecj ¬GaCJab½NѦ/ joint account KNnIrYm ¬manm©as;KNnIBI currency issued rUbiyvtßúe)aHpSay 2nak;eLIgeTA¦ issuing bank (for a letter of credit) joint inter-ministerial committee FnaKarebIksarNTan KN³kmµaFikarcMruHGnþrRksYg IT (Information Technology) joint owner m©as;kmµsiTi§rYmKña bec©kviTüaB½t’man joint venture ¬KMerag¦ vinieyaKcMruH/ item 1> GIv:an;/ mux ¬TMnij¦ 2> xÞg;/ cancel ~ enterprise shRKassmasPaBesdækic©cMruH an ~ (accounting) bdiesFelxna/ enter joint-stock bank FnaKarrYmPaKh‘un an ~ cuHelxna/ off-balance sheet items joint-stock company xÞg;eRkAtaragtulükar (see public limited company) saCIvkmµRkumh‘unPaKh‘un 54
Economic Lexicon Part 1 journal 1> Tinñanub,vtþi ¬KNenyü¦ 2> sarB½t’man journal voucher b½NÑTinñanub,vtþi/ L, l skçIb½RtcuHbBa¢I journalising karcuHTinñanub,vtþi label søak ¬sMrab;biTelIplitpl¦ judgement 1> karvinicä½y labour Blkmµ ¬kargar rWBlkr¦/ casual ~ 2> salRkm ¬tulakar¦ BlkmµGENþt ¬ry³eBlkargarxøI¦/ manual ~ judicial record lixitefáaleTas ¬tulakar¦ htßkmµ/ organised ~ BlkmµcUlshCIB/ judicial reform kMENTMrg;RbB½n§yutþiFm’ skilled ~ BlkmµmanCMnaj/ ~ card b½NÑ judiciary GgÁecARkm kargar/ ~ force kMlaMgBlkmµ/ ~ laws c,ab; jump-start cab;epþIm[)anqab; Blkmµ/ ~ productivity plitPaBénBlkmµ/ junk n. rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_/ rbs;eGtcay ~ security snþisuxBlkmµ/ ~ turnover juridical Ktiyutþi ¬EdlRsbtamc,ab; nig GRtabuKÁlikecj ¬BIGgÁPaB¦/ ~ union or rebobrbbén c,ab;¼tulakar¦ trade union shCIB jurisdiction Ednsmtßkic©/ yutþaFikar labourer Blkr/ day ~ TinikCn/ Blkr just adj. RtwmRtUv/ yutþiFm’ suIR)ak;éf¶ justification of a project kareFVIyutþikmµ labour-intensive adj. eRbIBlkmµeRcIn/ KMerag/ karbgðajehtuplBItMrUvkareFVIKMerag GtiBlkmµ/ ~ industry ]sSahkmµGtiBlkmµ justified (expense...) ¬cMNay>>>¦ man lack kgVH/ ~ of balance )at;tulüPaB/ skçIkmµ ~ of confidence kgVHTMnukcitþ justify eFVIyutþikmµ lading n. karpÞúkTMnij/ ~ port kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij laissez-passer lixitebIkpøÚv land dI/ dIFøI/ ~ alienation karepÞrkmµsiT§idI/ K, k ~ conflict TMnas;dIFøI/ ~ degradation karcuH KuNPaBdI/ karxUcdI/ ~ dispute vivaTdIFøI/ ~ encroachment karrMelaPykdI/ ~ grabbing key role tYnaTIKnøwH karT®nÞanykdI/ ~ owner m©as;dI/ ~ ownership kmµsiT§idIFøI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFøI/ ~ survey keynote address sunÞrkfaKnøwH GegátdIFøI/ zanKNit/ ~ restructuring karEkERbdIFøIeLIgvij/ ~ settlement dMeNaH kind, payment in karTUTat;Cavtßú RsaydIFøI/ ~ tenure karkan;kab;dI 55
Economic Lexicon Part 1 land dispute settlement committee 2> plitpllk;dac;CageK/ market ~ KN³kmµaFikaredaHRsay)atuPaBdIFøI plitpl¼Rkumh‘un naMmuxeKelITIpSar landless adj. KµandI leading naMmuxeK/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkaT½rnaMmux landlessness PaBKµandIFøI eK ¬Edlbgðajninñakar)anmunGaMDIkaT½rÉeTot¦ landlocked country RbeTsKµanRcksmuRT lease Ptisnüa/ karCYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦/ landlord m©as; dI¼pÞH ¬EdlCYl[eK¦ finance ~ PtisnüahirBaØvtßú ¬kñúgenHshRKas landscape eTsPaB/ protected ~ RtUvkt;RtaRTBüCYlBIeKkñúgtaragtulükar nig tMbn;eTsPaBkarBar eFVIrMls;va¦/ operating ~ PtisnüaRbtibtþikar large-scale survey GegátRTg;RTayFM ¬kñúgenHshRKasminRtUvkt;RtaRTBüCYlBIeKkñúg latent minTan;Cak;Esþg taragtulükareT¦ launch n. kardak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv lease v. CYl/ ~ back CYlmkvij ¬]> plitplelITIpSar¦ least developed countries (LDCs) law c,ab;/ draft ~ esckþIRBagc,ab;/ ~ of RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK contract c,ab;énkic©snüa ledger (accounting) esovePAFM/ Law on Co-Statute of Civil Servants purchase ~ esovePAFMTij c,ab;sþIBI shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil legacy 1> Gc©½yTanCaclnRTBü Law on Financial Management ¬tammrtksasn_¦ 2> Gc©½yTan ¬ekrþצ c,ab;sþIBIhirBaØvtßúsMrab;karRKb;RKg legal tamc,ab;/ nItüanukUl ~ capital edImTun Law on Social Security tamc,ab;/ ~ document Éksartamc,ab;/ c,ab;sþIBIrbbsnþisuxsgÁm ~ representative GñktMNagtamc,ab;/ lawful Rsbc,ab; ~ framework Rkbx½NÐc,ab;/ ~ decision lawless EdlGt;c,ab; ¬Kµanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW esckþIsMerctamc,ab;/ ~ reserves FnbMrug KµankareKarBc,ab;¦ tamc,ab; laws and regulations c,ab; nig legal effect GanuPaBKtiyutiþ bTb,BaØtiþ¼lixitbTdæan legal entity/person nItibuKÁl lawsuit erOgkþI legal substance (French: nature lawyer Gñkc,ab;/ emFavI juridique) nItisarCati lay in stock v. bBa©ÚlXøaMg legal tender rUbiymaRta/ R)ak;Edlc,ab; lay off v. bBaÄb;buKÁlik TTYlsÁal; lay out v. cay ¬R)ak;¦ legality PaBtamc,ab;/ nItüanukUlPaB layout of letter TMrg;¼bøg; sMbuRt legalise v. eFVIeGayeTAtamc,ab;/ leader 1> GñkdwknaM/ popular ~ emxül; 56
Economic Lexicon Part 1 eFVInItüanukUlkmµ lever Xñas; legatee Gc©½yTanlaPI ¬GñkTTYlsñgmrtk leverage KMnas;/ kareRbIkMcImankarR)ak;efr tamry³mrtksasn_¦ eTArksuIedIm,I)ancMeNjelIsBIkarR)ak; legator Gc©½yTayk levy v. & n. 1> hUtBn§ 2> Bn§ legislation c,ab;/ nItikmµ ¬CaBiessBn§bEnßm¦ legislative power 1> GMNacnItibBaØtþi ¬sPa¦ liabilities bMNul/ RTBüGkmµ/ meet one’s 2> GMNacbBaØtþi ¬sßab½nepSgeTot dUcCa liabilities sgbMNulrbs;xøÜn RkumRbwkSaXMu¦ liability 1> bMNul 2> karTTYlxusRtUv/ legislative structure rcnasm<½n§nItibBaØtþi ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgelIPar³TTYlxusRtUv legislator GñkeFVIc,ab;/ nItiBn§ liable adj. for TTYlxusRtUv ¬tamc,ab;¦ cMeBaH legislature 1> GgÁnItibBaØtþi ¬GgÁkareFVIc,ab;¦ liaison TMnak;TMng/ sm<n§kar/ ~ office 2> nItikal ¬énsPa¦ kariyal½yTMnak;TMng legitimate eBjlkçN³RtwmRtUv/ eBjc,ab;/ libel karsresrbrihaekrþ× FmµanurUb liberal democracy and pluralism or lend v. eGayx©I liberal multi-party democracy lender GñkeGayx©I/ ~ of last resort Gñk[ lT§iRbCaFibetyüesrIBhubkS x©ICacugeRkay liberal profession viC¢aCIv³esrI lending institution sßab½n NTan¼ [x©IR)ak; liberality or liberal gift sT§aTan lessee Ptik³/ GñkCYl ¬BIeK¦ liberalisation esrIPavUbnIykmµ/ ~ of lessor PtibtI/ GñkCYleGay trade esrIPavUbnIykmµBaNiC¢kmµ let v. CYl ¬pÞH/ kariyal½y >>>¦ Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) letter lixit/ covering ~ (or US: cover ~) GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiC¢enATIRkugLúg lixitGmÉksar/ ~ of attorney lixitepÞrsiT§i/ licence GaCJab½NÑ/ lixitGnuBaØat ~ of credit (L/C) lixitNTan/ ~ of licensed manGaCJab½NÑ/ RbtiRsut/ ~ bank exchange rUbiyaNtþi/ ~ of indemnity FnaKarRbtiRsut lixitFanasg/ ~ of intent lixitbBa¢ak;eKal licensed technology bec©kviTüaTijBIeK bMNg/ lixtEsþgectna/ ~ of inquiry lixit i licensee Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ saksYrB½t’man/ ~ of non-conviction lixit licit adj. RtUvc,ab; bBa¢ak;faKµaneTas lien 1> R)atiePaKbMNul ¬vtßúdak;FanabMNul¦ level kMrit/ multi-level eRcInkMrit/ ~ of 2> siT§iXat;Tuk development kMritGPivDÆn_ life expectancy GayukalmFüm/ Gayurs; 57
Economic Lexicon Part 1 enAmFüm 2> sac;R)ak;TMenr/ ~ ratio smaPaKsac;R)ak;TMenr life or death issue bBaðasøab;rs; liquidity (banking) sac;R)ak;nigRTBü life skill bMNinCIvit gaybþÚrCasac;R)ak;/ total ~ rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) life span Gayukal ¬BIeBlekItdl;søab;¦ list bBa¢I/ ~ price éføelIbBa¢I ¬kataLúk¦/ lifestyle rebobrs;enA listed company Rkumh‘unEdlmansnøwkh‘un lifetime Gayukal/ mYyGayu lk;-Tij enApSarh‘un LIFO (last in, first out) lIhVÚ ¬cUleRkay litigation bNþwgvivaT/ karbþwgpþl; ecjmun¦ livelihood CIvPaB/ karrkciBa©wmCIvit/ likelihood PaBTMng lively y:agskmµ/ ~ market TIpSarman limit n. & v. 1> RBMEdn/ ~ of liability skmµPaBrs;revIk RBMEdnénkarTTYlxusRtUv/ 2> dak;kMritRBMEdn livestock stVciBa©wm ¬ykpl¦ limitation n. kardak;kMritRBMEdn living 1> CIvPaB/ karrs;enA/ ~ standard limited liability karTTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ kMritCIvPaB/ cost of ~ cMnayRTRTg;karrs;enA ~ company Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit load factor, passenger (air travel) limited partner GñkcUlh‘unmankMrit GRtabMeBjekAGIGñkdMeNIr ¬tamynþehaH¦ ¬TTYlxusRtUvmankMrit¦ loading and unloading of goods line (department) ¬mnÞIr¦ ExSbeNþay karpÞúk nigkarerITMnij line item (budget) matika ¬fvika¦ loading capacity cMNuHpÞúk line of credit or credit linekMritNTan loading port EppÞúkTMnij link cMNgTak;Tg loan kMcI/ NeTyü/ bMNul/ bridging ~ linkage karcgP¢ab;/ cMNgTak;Tg kMcIpøas;pÞHfµI ¬enAeBlpÞHcas;lk;minTan;dac;¦/ liquid assets RTBübþÚrykR)ak;)anrh½s soft ~ kMcIkarR)ak;Tab/ ~ at call kMcIKµankal liquid investments vinieyaKedaysac;R)ak; kMNt; ¬RtUvsgvijeBleKTar¦/ personal ~ liquidate v. CMrH/ TUTat; ¬bMNul/ bBa¢I¦/ kMcIpÞal;xøÜn/ unsecured ~ kMcIKµankarFana/ ~ a debt TUTat;bMNulTaMgmUl ~ disbursed kMcI)anebIkpþl; liquidation karrMlay ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ karCMrHbBa¢I/ loan service (interest payment) esvabMNul compulsory ~ karCMrHbBa¢ICakatBVkic© ¬tam lobby v. ekogKr/ eXasnabBa©úHbBa©Úl karsMercrbs;tulakar¦/ voluntary ~ karCMrH local ¬én¦mUldæan/ kñúgRsuk/ ~ authority bBa¢eI daysµR½ Kcit/þ ~ report r)aykarN_CrM HbBa¢I GaCJaFrmUldæan liquidator GñkCMrHbBa¢I/ GñkRtYtBinitükar location TItaMg biTRkumh‘un logging karkab;eQI/ illegal ~ karkab;eQI liquidity 1> snÞnIyPaB/ lT§PaBsgbMNul xusc,ab; 58
Economic Lexicon Part 1 logic tkáviC¢a/ LÚsuik magnitude TMhM logistics PsþúPar/ karpÁt;pÁg; mail transfer karepÞr¬R)ak;¦taméRbsnIy_ logo rUbsBaØa mail, electronic sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml long-life assets RTBüGayukalEvg main adj. cMbg long-term ry³eBlEvg/ TIXkal/ mainstream v. bRBa¢ab ~ liabilities bMNulry³eBlEvg maintain v. accounting book loophole cenøaHRbehag/ tax ~ cenøaHRbehagén kan;kab;bBa¢IKNenyü Bn§ ¬EdlGaceKecosvagminbg;Bn§edayRsbc,ab;¦ maintenance karEfTaM/ ~ expenses/ loose-leaf ledger esovePAFMsnøwkdac;BIKña costs cMNayEfTaM loss kMhat/karxatbg;/ kar)at;bg;/ actual major adj. cMbg/ sMxan; total ~ kMhatsrubCak;Esþg majority PaKeRcIn/ sMelgPaKeRcIn ¬e)aHeqñat¦ lot n. LÚt_/ fishing ~ LÚt_ensaT mala fide seller Gñklk;Edlmanl,ickl low-income group/households minl¥ Rkum¼RKYsar manR)ak;cMNUlTab maladministration karRKb;RKgGsmtßPaB lump-sum R)ak;bg;TaMgdul/ ~ payment mal-development karGPivDÆn_xusTMng karTUTat;tamrebobem:Akar ¬rW qaka¦ malpractice rebobrbbminl¥/ kMhusqÁg lump-sum tax Bn§em:Akar malthusianism nibulniym/ m:al;Tusniym luxury RbNit/ ~ goods TMnijRbNit/ manage v. RKb;RKg/ cat;Ecg ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµvtßúRbNit management karRKb;RKg/ ~ control karRtYtBinitükarRKb;RKg manager GñkRKb;RKg/ bNÑaFikar/ financial M, m ~ GaNab½k managerial accounting KNenyüRKb;RKg M1 (money) rUbiyvtßú managership PaBCaGñkRKb;RKg M2 (liquidity) rUbiyvtßúTUeTA managing director naykRKb;RKg macro- m:aRkU mandate n. 1> siT§iGMNac 2> GaNtþi macroeconomic analysis mandate v. 1> pþl;siT§iGMNac 2> tMrUv/ the karviPaKm:aRkUesdækic© law mandates that... c,ab;tMrUvfa macroeconomic stability sßirPaBm:aRkU mandatory adj. Edlxanmin)an esdækic© manifest nievTnb½NÑ/ bBa¢I GñkdMeNIr¼ TMnij macroeconomics m:aRkUesdækic© dwkCBa¢Ún ¬tamynþehaH rW nava¦ 59
Economic Lexicon Part 1 man-made disaster mhnþraybgáedaymnusS market n. TIpSar/ black ~ pSarggwt/ manner EbbbT capital ~ TIpSarTun ¬sMrab;vinieyaK¦/ manual 1> htßkmµ 2> esovePAk,Ün ~ capitalisation tMélRkumh‘unKittam manufacture kmµnþsal tMélTIpSarénsnøwkh‘un/ closed ~ TIpSarbiT manufactured goods TMnijkmµnþsal ¬lk;[EttMNagpþac;mux¦/ open ~ TIpSarcMh manufacturing kmµnþsalkmµ/ karplit ¬RKb;KñaGacTij¼lk;)an¦ ~ demand/need ¬y:ageRcIn²edayeRbIm:asuIn¦ tMrUvkarTIpSar/ ~ economy esdækic©TIpSar/ margin Gb,har/ kMrit/ m:aCIn/ ~ of error ~ failure braC½yénTIpSar/ ~ forces kMlaMg kMritel¥óg/ ~ of lending kMriteGayx©IR)ak;/ ~ TIpSar/ money/finance ~ TIpSarrUbiyvtßú of profit kMritR)ak;cMeNj ¬kMcIry³eBlxøI²¦/ ~ practice TMlab;TIpSar/ marginal benefit plcMeNjÉktabEnßm ~ price éføenATIpSar/ ~ saturation titßikmµ ¬kñúgkarbegáInmYyÉktaplitpl¦ kñúgpSar/ PaBEq¥teBjedayTMnijénTIpSar/ ~ marginal cost éføedImÉktabEnßm ¬edIm,I segmentation karEbgEckTIpSar/ ~ value plitbEnßmmYyÉktaplitplelIsEpnkar¦/ tMélTIpSar ¬tMélenAéf¶enH¦/ tMélFanik/ bnÞúkcMNaym:ahSúINal; ~ share/penetration cMENkTIpSar marginal project KMeragbnÞab;bnSM market v. lk;elITIpSar/ ~ a new product marginal propensity to consume lk;plitplfµIelITIpSar kMritTMenarénkareRbIR)as;bEnßm marketable Gaclk;y:aggay marginal propensity to save marketing m:aXItTIg/ karbeBa©jlk;elITIpSar/ kMritTMenarénkarsnSMbEnßm ~ chain ExScgVak; m:aXITIg¼TIpSar marginal revenue cMNUlÉktabEnßm market-regulated economy ¬BIkarlk;plitplbEnßmmYyÉkta¦ esdækic©TIpSarerobry/ esdækic©niy½tTIpSar marginal utility plRbeyaCn_ÉktabEnßßm mark-up Gb,har marginalisation m:aCInUbnIykmµ/ karRcan marriage certificate sMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ cUlsßanPaBKµansiT§iGMNac mass media RbB½n§pSBVpSay ¬B½t’man¦ marginal-tax ratio smaPaKkMeNIn mass production karplitRTg;RTayFM cMNUlBn§eFobnwgkMeNInplTunCatisrub master adj. eKal/ em/ ~ budget fvikaem/ marine xagsmuRT/ ~ concession Edn ~ map EpnTIeKal/ ~ plan Epnkar¼bøg;eKal/ sm,TanTwkéRb/ ~ fisheries ensaTsmuRT/ ~ sample KMrUtagem ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgpøÚvsmuRT master’s degree fñak;GnubNÐit mark down v. bBa©úHéfø matching concept/convention mark up v. tMelIgéfø eKalkarN_énPaBsuIKña 60
Economic Lexicon Part 1 material sMPar³/ RkNat; ¬cMNay¦EfTaMsuxPaB maternal mortality rate medium mFüm/ ~ grade KuNPaBmFüm/ GRtamrN³matuPaB ~ term loan kMcIry³eBlmFüm mature eBjv½y/ cas;TMu/ ~ economy meet CYb/ edaHRsay/ bMeBj ¬lkçxNЦ/ esdækic©rIkcMerIneBjelj ~ a deficit bMeBj»nPaB maturity bkáPaB/ PaBeBjv½y/ PaBcas;TMu/ meeting CMnYb/ karRbCMu/ ¬RbCMumhaCn kalvsan/ kalkMNt;/ date of ~ éf¶dl; MEFP (Memorandum of Economic kMNt; ¬sg¦ and Financial Policy: for the IMF) maximisation GtibrmanIykmµ GnusSarN³sþIBIeKalneya)ayesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú mayor ecAhVayRkug MFN (Most Favoured Nation mean (statistics) mFüm/ arithmetic ~ clause) lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ mFümnBVnþ/ geometric ~ mFümFrNImaRt membership smaCikPaB means meFüa)ay/ ~ of production memorandum CMnYysµartI/ GnusSarN³/ meFüa)ayplitkmµ ~ of association GnusSarN³begáItRkumh‘un/ measurability PaBGacvas;)an lkçnþik³Rkumh‘un/ ~ of understanding measure 1> TMhM/ rgVas; 2> viFankar/ (MOU) GnusSarN³RBmeRBog economic ~ viFankaresdækic©/ fiscal ~ mental ability smtßPaBxagbBaØa viFankarsareBIBn§ mental job kargareRbIxYrk,al ¬EdlRtUvriHKit¦ measurement of profitability mercantile adj. énBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ marine karvas;EvgPaBmancMeNj kgnavaBaNiC¢kmµ¬rbs;RbeTsNamYy¦/ mechanism 1> ynþkar 2> esnaFikar ~ country RbeTs ¬mancMNUledaykareFVI¦ ¬sßab½n¦ BaNiC¢kmµ mechanisation ynþkmµ/ ynþtUbnIykmµ mercantilism BaNiC¢kmµniym media or mass media RbB½n§pSBVpSay merchandising service establishment mediation karsMruHsMrYl RKwHsßanesvakmµTMnij mediator GñksMruHsMrYl merchant BaNiC¢kr medic n. GñkevC¢saRsþ merger karrMlaybBa©ÚlKña ¬nUvRkumh‘unBIr rW medical ¬én¦ evC¢saRsþ/ ~ assistant eRcIn CaRkumh‘unmYy¦ CMnYyevC¢saRsþ merit kusl/ kuslkic©/ KuNsm,tþi medical aid n. GñkCMnYyevC¢saRsþ message sar medical care (expense) messenger narsar/ elxharI 61
Economic Lexicon Part 1 method viFI misappropriation of public funds vitikmµ methodology viFIsaRsþ FnsaFarN³/ karekgRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³ micro biology mIRkUCIv³ miscalculate v. KNnaxus microcosm Gtisuxumelak miscellaneous epSg²/ KNnIcMNay{epSg²} micro-credit mIRkUNTan misdemeanour bTmCÄwm microeconomics mIRkUesdækic© ¬kMritTabCagbT]Rkidæ¦ micro-finance mIRkUhirBaØvtßú mission ebskkmµ/ ~ letter lixitbBa¢a middle class vNѳkNþal ¬rW vNѳKhbtI¦ ebskkmµ/ ~ statement esckþIRbkasebskkmµ middleman QµÜjkNþal/ KYkeC/ eCIgsar/ misunderstanding karyl;RcLM/ karyl;xus mixed economic entity GgÁPaBesdækic©cMruH GnþrkarI mobilisation of private savings migrant CncMNakRsuk/ nirRbevsn_ karekNÐRbmUlR)ak;snSMÉkCn migrate v. from/to eFVIcMNakRsuk rW mobilise v. ekNÐRbmUl/ RbEmRbmUl cakRsuk BI¼eTA modality of investment migration cMNakRsuk/ BhiRbevsn_/ EbbbTénkarvinieyaK snþrRbevsn_ mode n. m:Ud/ rebob milestone 1> eKal ¬R)ab;cMgay¦ model n. KMrU 2> RBwtiþkarN_sMxan; ¬kñúgdMeNIrkarvivtþn_énGVImYy¦ moderate adj. & n. 1> lµm ¬]> minefak milieu mCÄdæan minéfø¦ 2> mCÄnikCn military eyaFa/ eyaFin/ ~ region modernisation TMenIbPavUbnIykmµ/ TMenIbkmµ eyaFPUmiPaK modernise eFVITMenIbkmµ Millennium Development Goals modification karEkERb/ kMENERb (MDGs) eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ module m:UDIl mineral concentrate Er:cMraj; modus operandi EbbbTRbtibtþikar minicomputer kMBüÜT½rFuntUc momentum snÞúHeCOneTAmux/ kMlaMgrujRcan/ minimisation Gb,brmaPavUbnIykmµ/ tax ~ m:Um:g; kareFVI[bnÞúkBn§fycuHTabbMput monetarism rUbiyvtßúniym minimise v. bnßydl;kMritGb,brma monetarisation of the deficit mining GaCIvkmµEr:/ karykEr: rUbiyvtßúnIykmµén»nPaB minor adj. & n. 1> tUctac/ bnÞab;bnSM monetary adj. én rUbiyvtßú¼luy/ ~ policy 2> GnItiCn neya)ayrUbiyvtßú/ ~ overhang rUbiyvtßúelIs minority PaKtic/ Gb,PaK tulüPaB/ ~ confidence TMnukcitþelIrUbiyvtßú/ 62
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ~ stabilisation sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUnIykmµrUbiyvtßú/ eRBogBhuPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance CMnYyBhuPaKI ~ transaction RbtibtþikarKitCa luy¼rUbiyvtßú multinational BhuCati/ ~ corporation money rUbiyvtßú/ luy/ ~ (M1) rUbiyvtßú (M1), Rkumh‘unBhuCati ~ (M2) rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2), quasi- ~ rUbiy multiple-shop undertakings vtßúepSg²/ ~ in circulation rUbiyvtßúcracr/ Rkumh‘unmansaxaeRcIn ~ economy esdækic©rUbiyvtßú/ ~ laundering multiplier emKuN karlagluykxVk;/ ~ market TIpSarrUbiyvtßú multi-purpose allocation ¬kMcIry³eBl xøI²¦/ ~ supply karpÁt;pÁg; karélEcksMrab;eKaledAeRcIny:ag rUbiyvtßú¼sac;R)ak;/ ~/funds at call rUbiyvtßú¼ multi-stage eRcIndMNak;/ ~ design mUlniFiEdlGacpþl;eGay)anPøam² bøg;eRcIndMNak;/ ~ frame eRKageRcIndMNak;/ moneylender NTayk/ GñkrksuIcgkarR)ak; ~ sampling karykKMrUtageRcIndMNak; monitor v. XøaMemIl ¬ÉksarxøHeRbIBakütamdan¦ mutation n. rUbvivtþn_ monoculture Ékvb,kmµ/ eFVIdMNaMmYymux mutatis mutandis EdlRtUvpøas;bþÚrtam monopolise v. eFVIpþac;mux karcaM)ac; monopoly n. PaBpþac;mux/ monopolistic adj. mutual eTAvijeTAmk/ ~ assistance monthly RbcaMEx/ ~ statement r)aykarN_¼ karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ insurance sMrg;KNnI RbcaMEx/ ~ returns cMNUlRbcaMEx karFanar:ab;rgeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ benefit moral obligation katBVkic©pøÚvcitþ manplRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk/ morality sIlFm’/ good ~ mansIlFm’l¥/ mutual fund sgÁhFn social ~ sIlFm’sgÁm mutual societies sgÁhsmaKm morbidity PaBmanCMgWeFVIeGaysøab; mutually supportive mortgage niekçb/ GuIb:UEtk/ vtßúbBa©aMbMNul CYyRTRTg;KñaeTAvijeTAmk mortgagee mças;bMNulGuIb:UEtk/ niekçbKahk mortgager/mortgagor kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk most favoured nation (MFN) clause N, n lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ motion of censure jtþibenÞas nascent economy esdækic©kMBugcab;kMeNIt motivate v. CMrujTwkcitþ/ bMpusTwkcitþ nation RbCaCati/ sgÁmCati movable (property) clnvtßú national énCati/ ~ accounting KNenyü multi-disciplinary team RkumBhuCMnaj Cati/ ~ budget support ]btßmÖBIfvikardæ multilateral BhuPaKI/ ~ agreement kic©RBm ¬]> cMeBaHfvikaextþ¦/ ~ bank FnaKarCati/ 63
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ~ debt bMNulCati ¬x©IedayrdæaPi)al¦/ ~ instrument ]bkrN_TUTat; ~ income plTunCati/ ~ Institute of negotiate v. crca/ negotiation n. Statistics viC¢asßanCatisßiti/ ~ patrimony neocolonialism GaNaniKmniymEbbfµI ebtikP½NÐCati/ ~ product plitplCati/ net suT§/ sCÄtþikr/ ~ exports karnaMecjsuT§/ ~ economic management karRKb;RKg ~ cost tMél suT§¼sCÄtþikr/ ~ foreign assets esdækic©Cati RTBüskmµbreTssuT§/ ~ foreign current nationality sBa¢ati/ ~ of ships sBa¢atinava transfer (NFCT) karepÞrbreTscrnþsuT§/ ~ nationalise v. eFVICatUbnIykmµ/ eFVICatikmµ foreign factor income (NFFI) ktþaplTun nationwide TUTaMgRbeTs breTssuT§/ ~ income cMNUlsuT§/ ~ indirect natural énFmµCati/ ~ condition lkçxNÐ taxes (NIT) Bn§RbeyalsuT§/ ~ national FmµCati/ ~ asset RTBüsm,tþiFmµCati ¬FnFan product plTunCatisuT§/ ~ profit R)ak;cMenj FmµCatiGVImYy¦/ ~ disaster eRKaH¼mhnþray suT§/ ~ present value (NPV) tMélbc©úb,nñ FmµCati/ ~ unemployment rate GRta suT§/ ~ taxable income cMnUlCab;Bn§suT§/ nikmµPaBFmµCati/ ~ resource FnFanFmµCati/ ~ worth mUlniFipÞal;suT§/ tMélBitRTBüskmµsuT§ ~ loss kar)at;bg; ÉkÉg¼edayFmµCati ¬RTBüskmµKittamtMélBitenATIpSar nature 1> FmµCati 2> critlkçN³ ¬rbs;mnusS¦ ehIydkbMNulcrnþ¦ near-liquid asset or near money network bNþaj RTBüCitdUcrUbiyvtßú ¬RTBüskmµEdlGacbþÚrCa neutralisation GBüaRkwtPavUbnIykmµ/ rUbiyvtßú)any:aggay¦ GBüaRkwtkmµ need tMrUvkar/ ~ for affiliation tMrUvkar new international economic order edIm,Icgsm<½n§ (NIEO) lMdab;esdækic©GnþrCatifµI needs tMrUvkar ¬caM)ac;CamUldæan¦/ newly fµI²/ ~ industrialised countries ~ assessment study karvaytMélBItMrUvkar (NICs) RbeTseFVI]sSahUbnIykmµfµI negation GviC¢mankmµ newsletter RBwtþib½RtB½t’man negative adj. GviC¢man/ ~ interest karR)ak; next of kin jatiCitCageK GviC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRtaGtiprNa¦ NGO (non-government organisation) negligence kareFVsRbEhs/ gross ~ GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al kareFVsRbEhsF¶n;F¶r nine years basic education negotiable adj. 1>Gaccrca)an/ ~ price karGb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM éføGaccrca)an 2>GacCYjdUr)an/ ~ debt nobility vNѳGPiCn instrument rUbiyaNtþiNeTyüGacCYjdUr)an/ nomenclature namvlI ¬matika¦/ muxTMnij ~ documents ÉksarykTUTat;)an/ nominal carwk/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrub 64
Economic Lexicon Part 1 carwk/ ~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak; carwk/ non-resident GnivasnCn rW GnivasCn ~ value tMélcarwk non-returnable packing sMbkevcx©b; nomination karEtgtaMg minRbmUlvij nominee GñkTTYlkarEtgtaMg/ ~ account non-tax features lkçN³minTak;TgnwgBn§dar KNnIkan;kab;kñúgnambuKÁlmñak;eTot non-taxable adj. minCab;Bn§/ ~ income non-commercial bank FnaKarGBaNiC¢ cMNUlminCab;Bn§ non-agricultural or non-farm non-timber forest products (NTFPs) employment kargarminEmnksikmµ GnupléRBeQI non-aligned movement clnamincUl non-urban population bkSsm½<n§ RbCaCnminEmnGñkTIRkug non-compliance karminRbtibtþitam/ PaB norm bTdæan minRsbtam normalisation RbRktIPaBkmµ/ bktikmµ/ non-concessional adj. minpþl;sm,Tan niy½tkmµ non-convertible currency North, the (countries) ]tþrRbeTs rUbiyvtßúminGacbþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦ )an ¬RbeTsGñkman¦ non-delivery karminRbKl; notarial deed lixitviBaØabnkmµ non-discriminatory adj. minerIseGIg notary public sarkarI non-durables TMnijminKg;yUr ¬Gahar/ note sarxøI²/ lixit/ kMNt;sMKal;/ advice ~ sarB½t’man>>>¦ lixitCUndMNwg/ bank/currency ~ Rkdas non-food items TMnijminEmnGahar R)ak;/ covering ~ lixitGm/ credit/debit ~ non-government organisation lixitNTan¼NBn§/ delivery ~ lixit (NGO) GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al RbKl;TMnij/ dispatch ~ lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij/ non-household sector vis½yminTak;Tg promissory ~ b½NÑCMBak;R)ak;/ b½NÑsnüa nwgRKYsar noticeable change non-negotiable instrument ]bkrN_ karERbRbYlKYr[kt;sMKal; minGacykeTATUTat;)an notification karCUndMNwg/ ~ procedure non-payment karminTUTat; nItiviFICUndMNwg non-performance karminGnuvtþn_/ notifying bank FnaKarCUndMNwg karKµanlT§pl notion sBaØaN non-performing loan kMcIBi)akTar novation kic©RBmeRBogepÞrkic©snüa non-refundable adj. EdlminbgVilsgvij ¬[PaKITI3¦ 65
Economic Lexicon Part 1 novelty adj. & n. PaB¼rbs; fµIEbøk obsolete hYssm½y NPRS (National Poverty Reduction occupation 1> muxrbr 2> karkan;kab; Strategy) yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk occupancy rate (hotel) GRtasñak;enA nuclear-family structures rcnasm<½n§ ¬sNæaKar¦ RKYsarsñÚl ¬«BukmþaynigkUn¦ occupational accident eRKaHfñak;enA null and void emaX³ eBlbMeBjkargar nullification emaXkmµ/ nullify v. eFVI[ occupier Gñkkan;kab; eTACaemaX³ oceanography saKrsaRsþ nullity emaXPaB odd job kargarl¥itel¥ac numeracy karecHelx odd number elxess numerator (fraction) PaKyk offence bTelµIs/ eTaskmµ nutrition GaharUbtßmÖ offer 1> kareGayéfø/ cash ~ karsMubg;Ca sac;R)ak; 2> karRbkaslk; ¬kñúgéføNamYy¦/ introductory ~ éføTak;m:Uy ¬cMeBaHplitpl O, o fµI¦/ special ~ TMnijlk;efakBiess offer and demand karpþl;nigtMrUvkar obedience karsþab;»vaT off-farm employment kargareRkAksidæan object to v. CMTas;/ RbqaMg officer m®nþI objection, have no Kµankaryl;Tas; official pøÚvkar/ ~ confirmation esckþI objective n. & adj. 1> kmµvtßú/ TisedA bBa¢ak;CapøÚvkar/ ~ rate GRtapøÚvkar 2> stüanum½t/ EdlQrelIkarBitCak;Esþg Official Gazette raCkic© ¬esovePA¦ objectivity kmµvis½yPaB official n. m®nþIpøÚvkar/ GñkpøÚvkar obligation katBVkic©/ be under ~ man officialdom kariyaFibetyü katBVkic©/ meet one’s obligations sg offload v. CMruHecj ¬nUvGVImYyEdlxøÜn bMNulrbs;xøÜn mincg;Tuk ]> snøwkh‘unelIstMrUvkar¦ obligatory CakatBVkic©/ xanmin)an offset v. b:Hb:Uvvij/ kat;kgvij observation 1> karsegát ¬emIl¦ offshore adj. eRkAeqñr ¬eRbgkat¦ 2> esckþIsegát ¬karkt;sMKal;¦ off-the-job training observe v. segát karbNþúHbNþaldac;BIkargar observer GñksegátkarN_ ombudsman m®nþIesuIbGegátBIkartv:a obsolescence PaBhYssm½y ¬cMeBaHsßab½nrdæ b¤GgÁkarFM²¦ 66
Economic Lexicon Part 1 omission 1> karxkxan ¬min)aneFVI¦ operation Rbtibtþikar/ insurance ~ 2> karkat;ecj 3> GVIEdl min)aneFVI rW kat;ecj RbtibtþikarFanar:ab;rg omnibus adj. cMruHmux/ ~ agreement operational costs bnÞúkcMNayRbtibtþikar kic©RBmeRBogcMruHmux/ ~ bill of lading operative system RbB½n§Rbtibtþikar GBaØtb½RtrYm operator Rbtibtþikr on an equal footing edayesµIPaBnigesµIsiT§i opinion eyabl;/ mti/ ~ poll karsÞg;mti on the path of reform elImaKa’énkMENTMrg; opportunity kalanuvtþiPaB/ »kas onerous adj. Gs;esah‘uyeRcIn opportunity cost tMél»kasRtUv)at;bg;/ one-stop service esvaRckecjcUlEtmYy tMélénkarlHbg; ongoing activity skmµPaBkMBug dMeNIrkar¼ opposition 1> karRbqaMg rW CMTas; RbRBwtþeTA 2> bkSRbqaMg on-the-job training karbNþúHbNþal optical fiber cable ExSkabGubTic P¢ab;nwgkargar optimal allocation karélEckRbesIrbMput open adj. cMh/ ~ economy esdækic©ebIk optimism suTidiæniym cMh/ ~ account KNnIcMh ¬kt;RtakarTij optimistic estimate kar)a:n;sµansuTidæi eCOedayGñkTijKµandak;vtßúFana¦ optimise v. eFVIeGay)anRbesIr ¬bMput¦ open balance smtulümanelx ¬minsUnü¦ option CMerIs/ at your ~ tamCMerIsrbs;Gñk/ open cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtKµanqUt ¬b¤cMh¦ share ~ siT§iTijPaKh‘un ¬kñúgéføNamYyenA open credit NTanKµandak;vtßúFana eBlNamYy¦ naGnaKt ¬sMrab;GtifiCnl¥rbs;FnaKar¦ oral agreement/contract open market pSarcMh/ pSaresrI/ kic©RBmeRBog¼ kic©snüapÞal;mat; ~ operations RbtibtþikarelIpSarcMh ¬minEmnCalaylkçN_GkSr¦ open policy eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay order 1> bBa¢a/ provincial/municipal ~ open the trade sector v. dIkaextþ¼Rkug/ 2> lMdab; 3> sNþab;Fñab;/ ebIkTUlayvis½yBaNiC¢kmµ public ~ sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ opening balance smtulüedImRKa order for payment (French: mandat opening bank (for letters of credit) de dépense) GaNtþiebIkR)ak;cMNay FnaKarebIksarNTan order form/slip b½NÑbBa¢aTij operating budget fvikaRbtibtþikar order, purchase b½NѼkar bBa¢aTij operating costs/expenses bnÞúkcMNay ordinary share PaKh‘unsamBaØ RbtibtþikarFmµta ordnance yuT§P½NÐ/ unexploded ~ 67
Economic Lexicon Part 1 yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH outlook TsSnvis½y/ karRbemIlemIlGnaKt organic agriculture ksikmµsrIragÁ output Fatuecj/ plitpl/ final ~ organic/organisational law Fatuecj sMerc¼cugeRkay c,ab;erobcMGgÁkar output tax or VAT (value added tax) organisation chart GgÁkarelx GakrelItMélbEnßm organisational structure outreach kareQagdl;/ karQandl; rcnasm<½n§cat;taMg outsource v. cuHkic©snüaxageRkA Organisation for Economic outstanding adj. enACMBak;/ ~ balance Cooperation and Development smtulüenACMBak;/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt (OECD) GgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© minTan;sgR)ak;/ ~ loans kMcIenACMBak; ~ nigGPivDÆn_ student sisSBUEk orientation kartMrg;Tis outstanding obligations (debt) oriented (orientated) tMrg;eTArk/ sMedA/ bMNulhYskalbriecäT manninñakareTArk outward-looking country origin RbPBedIm/ edImkMeNIt/ bJsKl;/ RbeTsebIkcMh ¬eq<aHeTAxageRkA¦ certificate of ~ viBaØabnb½RtRbPBedIm TMnij/ overcapacity smtßPaBelIs ¬tMrUvkarplit¦ country of ~ RbeTsRbPBedIm overcharge kMérykelIs ¬elIskMritsmrmü¦ origin, zero point Kl;G½kS overcontrol karRtYtBinitühYs original cost tMélenAeBlcUl overdraft 1> kardkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaØI ¬tMélsMPar³eBlTijcUl¦ 2> NTankMNt;/ NTanelIssmtulü original invoice vikáybRtedIm ¬FnaKar¦ originating bank FnaKarebIksarNTan overdraft, to grant an orthodox policy eKalneya)aysmµamti GnuBaØatNTanelIssmtulü ¬RsmtamkarCMenO¼mtiCaTUeTA¦ overdue hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ bill lixit outcome lT§pl TarR)ak;hYskalkMNt;/ ~ loans R)ak;kMcI outdated, out-of-date hYssm½y hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ payment karsgR)ak; outflow lMhUrecj hYskalkMNt;sg outgoing letters lixitecj overfishing karensaTRtIhYsRbmaN outgoings cMNay overheads or overhead expenses/costs outlays (financial) cMNay/ debt cMNay Rbeyal¼TUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nig amortisation ~ cMNayrMls;bMNul sMxan;² dUcCa QñÜlpÞH/ TUrs½BÞ/ sMPar³kariyal½y>>> outlet kEnøglk;ecj EdlminTak;TgedaypÞal;nwgkarplit¦ 68
Economic Lexicon Part 1 overheated economy esdækic©rt;ekþAeBk ¬bBa¢IbBa¢ak;karevcx©b;TMnij¦ ¬kMeNInskmµPaBesdækic©EdleFVI[mankMeNIn packing, non-returnable GtiprNa¦ sMbkevcx©b;minRmmUlykvij overlap RtYtKña/ KgKña pact ktikasBaØa ¬kic©RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar¦ overlook emIlrMlg paddy RsUv/ ~ husking karkinRsUv/ overpopulation RbCaCneRcInhYs ~ plots GMBkERs overproduction briplitkmµ/ karplitelIs paid holidays éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ overriding (in law) sMxan;CagGVIÉeTot paid-up capital mUlFn)anbg;CMrH over-sampling karykKMrUtagelIs ¬edImTunEdl)anbg;ehIy¦ overseas adj. enAbreTs/ ~ branches panel of experts KN³CMnajkar saxaenAbreTs panic karP½yep¥Il/ GehtuP½y/ financial ~ oversight 1> karRbEhsePøcPøaMg GehtuP½yhirBaØvtßú 2> karemIlxusRtUvelI/ karTTYlbnÞúk paper loss/profit cMeNj¼xat elIRkdas overspending cMNayhYskMNt; ¬RTBü)ancuH¼ekIntMélb:uEnþminTan;)anlk;ecjeT¦ overstaffed EdlmanbuKÁlikeRcInhYs paper money luyRkdas/ RkdasR)ak; overtime, work v. eFVIkarem:agbEnßm paperwork kargarRkdassñam overview karBinitüCaTUeTA/ TsSn³rYm par value tMélcuHelIb½NÑ ¬rW tMélcarwk¦ overwhelming majority PaKeRcInelIslb; paradox brmti/ Rbtimti owner m©as;/ m©as;kmµsiT§i/ kmµsiT§ikr/ ~ of paradoxically EdlRbTaMgRbeTIsépÞkñúg the goods m©as;TMnij paramedic n. GñkGmevC¢saRsþ ownership kmµsiT§i/ PaBCam©as; paramedical adj. GmevC¢saRsþ parameter ):ar:aEm:Rt pare the budget v. bnßyfvikabnþicmþg² P, p parent company Rkumh‘unem park ]Tüan/ national ~ ]TüanCati package kBa©b;/ ~ budget kBa©b;fvika/ partiality n. PaBlMeGog ¬kñúgkarCYyKaMRT¦ pay/salary ~ kBa©b;ebovtSr_ ¬ebovtSr_ nig participant n. GñkcUlrYm R)ak;]btßmÖepSg² sMrab;kargarGVImYy¦ ~ tour participate v. cUlrYm kBa©b;ExSTsSnkic© participation 1> karcUlrYm packaging (accounting) sMbkevcx©b; 2> PaKkmµ ¬karbNþak;Tun¦ packing list bBa¢Ievcx©b; 69
Economic Lexicon Part 1 participatory poverty assessment pay out v. TUTat;¼bg; R)ak;ecj (PPA) karvaytMélPaBRkIRkedaymankarcUlrYm pay up v. TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK participatory rural appraisal (PRA) payable adj. sg)an/ ~ to bearer karvaytMélCnbTedaymankarcUlrYm sgeGayGñkkan;/ ~ to order sgtambBa¢a partner édKU/ smaKt/ GñkcUlh‘un payback period 1> ry³eBlRtUvsgkMcIvij partnership 1> PaBCaédKU 2> CMnYjh‘unKña 2> ry³eBl RbmUlTun)anvij¼Rsg;edIm part-time work kargarmineBjem:ag ¬)ancMeNjesµITundak;cuH¦ party (to the contract) PaKI ¬énkic©snüa¦ payee GñkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;[ pass the test (education) eFVIetsþCab; payer Gñkbg;R)ak;¬[eK¦ passbook esovePAR)ak;beBaØI paying bank FnaKarTUTat; passive adj. Gkmµ paying business GaCIvkmµ¼CMnYj Edl passport lixitqøgEdn pþl;cMeNj past-due debt bMNulhYs kalkMNt;¼ payment karTUTat;/ karbg;R)ak;/ karsgR)ak;/ éf¶kMNt;sg ~ by instalments karsgbNþak; ¬]> tamEx¦/ patent RbkasnIyb½Rt ¬GnuBaØateGayRbkb ~ credit NTanTUTat;/ ~ currency rUbiyvtßú GaCIvkmµ¦/ )a:tg;/ ~ licence b½NÑ):atg; TUTat;/ ~ in kind karTUTat;Cavtßú/ ~ systems patrimony ebtikP½NÐ/ RTBüsm,tþi/ RbB½n§TUTat;/ ~ mechanism ynþkarTUTat;/ ekrþ×mrtk ¬EdlmanCab;tmkBIxag«Buk¦ ~ warrant GaNtþiebIkR)ak; patron Gñk]btßmÖ/ emekIy/ bri)al payoff n. R)ak;bg;pþac; pattern lMnaM/ KMrU/ trading ~ lMnaMeFVI payout n. 1> R)ak;TUTat;ecj 2> R)ak;bg;CYy BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ of rotation lMnaMvilpøas;bþÚrKña Rkumh‘unNamYy ¬]> edayrdæaPi)al¦ pawn v. bBa©aM payroll bBa¢I¼tarag ebovtSr_ pawnbroker kugsuI ¬bBa©aM¦ peace building karksagsnþiPaB pay as you earn (PAYE) pecuniary Tak;TgnwgR)ak;kas/ ~ motives RbB½n§Bn§kat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ ehtuplxagluykak; pay at sight sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar penalise v. Bin½y/ dak;eTas pay back v. sgvij penalty eTasT½NÐ/ eTasbBaØtþi/ karpakBin½y pay n. ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMér/ holidays with ~ pending accounts KNnIBüÜr ¬rg;caM éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_/ leave without ~ karedaHRsay¦ karQb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_ pension esaFnnivtþn_/ R)ak;ruWERtt/ ~ fund pay off v. 1> TUTat;¼bg; pþac; mUlniFiesaFnnivtþn_ 2> TUTat;R)ak;pþac; nigbBa©b;kargarGñkNamñak; 70
Economic Lexicon Part 1 pensioner GñkTTYlesaFnnivtþn_ perpetual inventory system per diem ¬R)ak;¦ cMNaytaméf¶ ¬Kittam RbB½n§sareBIP½NÐnirnþn_ cMnYnéf¶ nigtamFmµtamanGRtaesµIKñasMrab; perpetuity nic©PaB buKÁlikRKb;kMrit¦ person buKÁl/ physical/natural ~ percentage PaKry rUbvnþbuKÁl/ legal person/entity nItibuKÁl perception sBaØaxn§/ cMNab;GarmµN_ personal pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ consumption performance TegVI/ karGnuvtþn_/ lT§pl/ kareRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ effects sMPar³ ~ standard sþg;dar lT§pl¼Rbtibtþi eRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ loan kMcIpÞal;xøÜn ¬sMrab; performing EdldMeNIrkar/ ~ asset kareRbIR)as;kñúgRKYsar rW pÞal;xøÜn minEmnsMrab; RTBüskmµdMeNIrkar/ non ~ asset RTBüskmµ GaCIvkmµeT¦/ ~ property RTBüpÞal;xøÜn/ mindMeNIrkar ~ revenue R)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl/ ~ selling period ry³eBl/ GMLúgeBl/ RKa ¬KNenyü¦ kareXasnapSaylk;pÞal; ¬énbuKÁlmñak;¦/ periodic tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl/ samayik/ ~ income tax Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl ~ control system RbB½n§RtYtBinitütamkal personal identification number kMNt;/ ~ order system RbB½n§bBa¢aTijeTogeBl (see PIN) periodical n. kalikb½Rt ¬TsSnavdþI/ personality 1> buKÁliklkçN³ ¬KYrkt;sMKal;¦ RBwtþib½Rt>>>¦ 2> Gñkl,Il,aj periodically edayeTogeBl personnel buKÁlik/ ~ benefits GtßRbeyaCn_ periodicity samyikPaB pþl;eGaybuKÁlik perishable adj. EdlgayxUc¬KuNPaB¦/ perspective yfaTsSn_/ TsSnvis½y ~ goods TMnijgayxUc PERT (Programme Evaluation and perishables n. TMnijgayxUc Review Techniques) bec©keTsBinitü perks (or perquisites) GtßRbeyaCn_ vaytMélKMerag ¬rW kmµviFI¦ bEnßm ¬pþl;CabEnßmelIebovtSr_¦ pessimistic estimate kar)a:n;sµanTuTidæi permanent Gcié®nþy_/ ~ establishment pesticides fñaMsMlab;stVcéRg RKwHsßanGcié®nþy_/ RKwHsßanCab;lab;/ ~ organ petition jtþi GgÁkarGcié®nþy_ petroleum eRbgkat/ eRbgn§n³/ ~ security permit lixitGnuBaØat/ Tidæakar/ building ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBogsþIBI snþisuxeRbgn§n³ lixitGnuBaØatsagsg;/ export/import ~ petty cash sac;R)ak;bnþicbnþÜc/ ~ custodian lixitGnuBaØatnaMecj¼naMcUl/ work ~ lixit Gñkkan;hibR)ak; ¬R)ak;tictYc¦/ ~ book esovePA GnuBaØateGayeFIVkar ¬sMrab;CnbreTs¦ cMNaytUctac/ ~ fund ebLa/ mUlniFisMrab; 71
Economic Lexicon Part 1 cMNaybnþicbnþÜc/ ~ voucher b½NÑcMNayebLa planning Epnkarkmµ/ kareFVIEpnkar/ Ph.D. (degree) fñak;bNÐit karksagEpnkar phase n. dMNak;kal plant n. 1> eragcRk 2> eRKOgm:asuIn Phillips curve ExSekaghVIlIB ¬bgðaj plantation cMkar/ rubber ~ cMkarekAs‘U TMnak;TMngrvagGRtaERbRbYlénR)ak;ebovtSr_ platform evTika/ kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs; eTAnwgkMritnikmµPaB¦ KNbkS¦ phone card s½BÞb½Rt ¬katTUrs½BÞ¦ playback karcak;eLIgvij ¬ExSGat;>>¦ physical rUbvnþ/ Cak;Esþg/ ~ accounts pledge karsnüa/ R)ak;snüaeGay KNenyürUbFatu/ ~ environment brisßan plenary session sm½yRbCMueBjGgÁ rUbvnþ/ ~ factor ktþarUbvnþ/ ~ infrastructure plot dILÚt_/ k,aldI ehdæarcnasm<½n§rUbvnþ/ ~ investment vinieyaK plough back v. vinieyaKbnþ ¬nUvR)ak;cMeNj¦ rUbvnþ ¬CasMPar³/ R)ak;kas>>¦/ ~ resources pocket of poverty RcklðkmanPaBRkIRk FnFanrUbvnþ ¬GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>¦ polarisation, social PaB)ak;EbksgÁm/ physical therapist GñkBüa)aledayclna karRbmUlpþúMCa ¬BIr¦RkummanKMnitpÞúyKña phytosanitary PUtKamGnam½y police record, copy of the piece rate GRtatamÉktaplit lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;b:UlIs¦ ¬kMérKittambrimaNplit)an¦ policy brief segçbsMrab;eKalneya)ay pilot project KMeragsakl,g policy formulation nimµitkmµ¼karksag PIN (personal identification number) eKalneya)ay elxsMKal;pÞal;xøÜn/ elxGtþsBaØaNbuKÁl policy framework Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay pioneer industry ]sSahkmµQanmux policymaker Gñkksag¼GñkkMNt; pioneering work kargarQanmux¼ RtYsRtay eKalneya)ay political platform (of a party) pisciculture karciBa©wmRtI/ mcävb,kmµ pittance R)ak;cMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ poll n. kare)aHeqñat place kEnøg polling station kariyal½ye)aHeqñat plan n. Epnkar/ five-year ~ EpnkarR)aMqñaM/ pollutant n. sarFatubMBul investment ~ EpnkarvinieyaK/ rolling ~ pollution karbMBul/ air ~ karbMBulxül; EpnkarrMkil polyculture kareFVIVdMNaMeRcInmux/ Bhuvb,kmµ planned economy esdækic©Epnkar population RbCaCn/ ~ growth rate GRta planner GñkeFVIEpnkar/ EpnkarI kMeNInRbCaCn/ ~ policy eKalneya)ayRbCaCn 72
Economic Lexicon Part 1 port of loading/shipment kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij pragmatic adj. EdlKitBIlT§pl/ Edlmanpl portfolio investments vinieyaKCamUlb½Rt pre- mun/ buer/ pre-Angkor buerGgÁr/ ¬PaKh‘unTaMgGs;rbs;vinieyaKinNamñak;¦ pre-crisis munvibtþi/ position 1> CMhr pre-action controls karRtYtBinitümunskmµPaB 2> tMENg/ vacant ~ tMENgTMenr precarious path KnøgeRKaHfñak; positive adj. viC¢man/ ~ balance of precedent n. krNIyutþisaRsþ ¬tulakar¦ payments CBa¢IgTUTat;viC¢man/ ~ cash flow preceding mun/ ~ year qñaMmun ¬qñaMmunTI1¦ lMhUrsac;R)ak;viC¢man ¬sac;R)ak;hUrcUlFMCag precious stones t,Úg ¬fµ¦ mantMél sac;R)ak;ecj¦/ ~ interest karR)ak;viC¢man preclude RcanecalCamun ¬GRtakarR)ak;x<s;CagGRtaGtiprNa¦ pre-concession inventory possession karkan;kab;/ ePaK³ sareBIP½NÐbuersm,Tan post CaeRkay/ ~ auditing svnkmµCaeRkay precondition buerlkçxNÐ ¬lkçxNÐRtUv post a profit/loss RbkasCa saFarN³¼ bMeBjCamun¦ pøÚvkar BI cMeNj rW kMhat predictability n. PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an/ post an entry/item to the ledger TsSlT§PaB cuHelxnaeTAkñúgesovePAFM predictable adj. GacTsSn_Tay)an post-action controls karRtYtBinitü preemption siT§iTijmuneK ¬nUvsnøwkh‘un eRkayskmµPaB ecjpSayfµIEfmeTot¦ post-date v. cuHkalbriecäTGnaKt pre-existing condition lkçxNÐmantaMgBImun potential n. & adj. 1> skþanuBl pre-feasibility study karsikSamun 2> skþanuPUt karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an potentiality skþanuPaB preference cMNUlcitþ poverty PaBRkIRk/ TurKtPaB/ ~ reduction preference share h‘unGnueRKaH ¬EdlCa karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk/ ~ line bnÞat;RkIRk erOy² KµansiT§ie)aHeqñateT b:uEnþTTYl)anPaK power GMNac/ siT§iGMNac/ kMlaMg/ GanuPaB laPmunh‘unÉeTot nigRtUvsgmunh‘unFmµta kñúg power boat Lúgbut ¬GUb½r¦ krNIrMlayRkumh‘un¦ power grid/network bNþajGKÁIsnI preferential EdlmansiTi§/ EdleKcUlcitþ power of attorney lixitRbKl;siT§i ¬CagGVImYyeTot¦/ ~ creditor NTayk practice karGnuvtþn_ Cak;Esþg¼RbcaM/ mansiTi§TarbMNulmun/ ~ duty (tariff) GRta professional ~ RbRBwtþikmµviC¢aCIv³ Bn§KyGnueRKaHBiess ¬Tab¦ practitioner GñkGnuvtþ ¬RbcaM¦ pre-investment agency TIPñak;garBinitü 73
Economic Lexicon Part 1 lT§PaBmuneBlvinieyaK prices to suit all pockets éføsmRsb prejudice 1> buervinicä½y 2> kareFVI[xUcxatdl; nwglT§PaBTijrbs;RKb;Kña preliminary adj. epþImmux/ ~ discussion pricing karkMNt;éfø/ ~ system RbB½n§kMNt;éfø karBiPakSaepþImmux clearance ~ karkMNt;éføedIm,IbeBa©jTMnij premises GaKar nigdICitGaKar ¬kmµsiT§ikr primary bzm/ dMbUg/ ~ factor income ktþa EtmYy¦ cMNUlbzm/ ~ factor of production ktþa premium buBVlaP/ at a ~ Edllk;)anéfø plitkmµbzm/ ~ health care (PHC) karEfTaM ¬elIsFmµta¦/ insurance ~ buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg suxPaBbzm/ ~ needs tMrUvkarcaM)ac; CamUldæan/ prepaid expense cMNaybg;mun ~ sampling unit (PSU) ÉktaykKMrUtag prepaid income cMNUlTTYlmun dMbUg/ ~ selection CMerIsdMbUg/ ~ stratification prerequisite buBVlkçxNÐ RsTab;nIykmµdMbUg/ ~ -sampling frame prescription bBaØtþi¼evC¢bBa¢a (PSF) eRKagykKMrUtagdMbUg present v. bgðaj/ presenter Gñkbgðaj/ primary education karGb;rMkMritbzm presentation bTbgðaj prime cost tMélplitpÞal; ¬KµanbUkcMnayTUeTA¦ present value tMélbc©úb,nñ principal (in power transfer) GaNtþiTayk press release RbkasB½t’man principal accountant prestige kitüanuPaB/ PaBefáIg/ ~ product KNenyükredImExS ¬RksYghirBaØvtßú¦ plitplRbNitfáúMefáIg principal insurance company presumption karsnµtCamun/ sc©FarN_/ Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rgedIm ~ of innocence sc©FarN_énnireTas principle of equality and mutual benefit pre-tax profit cMeNjmunbg;Bn§ eKalkarN_esµIPaBnigmanRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk prevalence eRbv:aLg;¼PaBCaTUeTA prior adj. BImun/ ~ agreement price éfø/ agreed ~ éføRBmeRBog/ all-in ~ kic©RBmeRBogBImun éføsBVRKb;/ bargain ~ or cut ~ éføefakNas;/ prioritise v. eFVIGaTiPavUbnIykmµ list ~ éføelIbBa¢I¬kataLúk¦/ ~ and salary priority n. GaTiPaB/ have/take ~ over freeze karTb;éfø nigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ manGaTiPaBelI ~ discrimination karerIseGIgkñúgkarkMNt;éfø/ private company or privately owned ~ list bBa¢Iéføø/ closing/opening ~ éføeBl company Rkumh‘unÉkCn ehobbiThag¼ebIklk;/ cost ~ éføedIm/ private income cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ competitive ~ éføRbkYtRbECg/ fair ~ éfø private investor vinieyaKinÉkCn yutþiFm’/ rock bottom ~ éføefakbMput/ selling ¬mnusSFmµtaEdlmanR)ak;vinieyaK¦ ~ éfølk;/ ~ fixing karXubXitkMNt;éfø private economic entity 74
Economic Lexicon Part 1 GgÁPaBesdækic©ÉkCn kic©snüaEbgEckplitkmµ privatisation ÉkCnnIykmµ/ ÉkCnPavUbnIykmµ productive adj. manplitPaB/ ~ assets privilege 1> ÉksiT§i ¬GtßRbeyaCn_Biess¦ RTBüskmµmanplitPaB/ ~ ratio smaPaK 2> buBVsiT§i ¬siT§iBiess¦ plitPaB pro forma invoice vikáybRtbeNþaHGasnñ productivity plitPaB proactive skmµRKb;RKg/ skmµRbyuT§ profession n. viC¢aCIv³/ medical ~ viC¢aCIv³ probability RbU)ab‘ÍlIet/ PvnIyPaB/ ¬xag¦ eBTü ~ sampling karykKMrUtagedayRbU)ab‘ÍlIet professional énviC¢aCIv³/ ~ fees esah‘uy procedural law (French: code de viC¢aCIv³/ ~ secrecy karrkSasMgat;viC¢aCIv³ procédure) c,ab;nItiviFI profile n. TMrg;/ rUbPaBTUeTA ¬]> énRkumh‘un procedure nItiviFI cMeBaHsaFarNCn¦ proceeds R)ak;cMNUl/ pl/ net ~ cMNUlsuT§ profit cMeNj/ R)ak;cMeNj/ healthy ~ process dMeNIrkar cMeNjeRcIn/ ~ margin GRtacMeNj/ Gb,har/ processing karEkécñ/ RbRBwtþkmµ/ karcat;Ecg ~ sharing karEbgEckR)ak;cMeNj ¬Tinñn½y>>¦/ certificate of ~ viBaØabnb½RtbBa¢ak; profit and loss account or profit and BIkEnøgEkécñ loss statement (US) KNnIcMeNjxat proclamation esckþIRbkas/ karRbkas KNnIlT§pl/ r)aykarN_cMNUlcMNay procurement lT§kmµ/ karpÁt;pÁg;/ ~ phase profitability PaBmancMeNj dMNak;kalpÁt;pÁg; programme of action kmµviFIskmµPaB producer plitkr/ ~ surplus plelIs)an progress vDÆnPaB/ PaBeCOnelOn/ CMenOn/ dl;plitkr ~ report r)aykarN_CMenOn/ ~ payment product plitpl/ ~ breadth cMnYnmuxplitpl/ karTUTat;tamdMNak;énCMenOnkargar/ in ~ kMBug ~ cycle vdþplitpl/ ~ depth Funplitpl eCOnelOn ¬kñúgExSplitplnimYy²¦/ ~ line/ range ExS progressive personal income tax plitpl ¬plitplRbhak;RbEhlKña 1ExS¦/ Bn§kMeNIntamfñak;elIcMNUlbuKÁl ~ mix l,ayplitpl ¬plitplTaMgGs; prohibition karhamXat; Edldak;lk; rWplitedayshRKasNamYy¦ prohibitive adj. 1> Edlx<s;hYslT§PaB production plitkmµ/ ~ accounts KNnI ¬éfø/ tMél¦ 2> EdlhamXat; ¬c,ab;¦ plitkmµ/ ~ cost cMNayplitkmµ/ ~ line project KMerag/ ~ appraisal karvaytMél ExSsgVak;plitkmµ/ ~ system RbB½n§plitkmµ KMerag/ ~ cycle vdþénKMerag/ ~ formulation production-sharing contract (PSC) karksagKMerag/ ~ justification yutþikmµKMerag/ 75
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ~ proposal sMeNIKMerag/ ~ implementation prosecutor RBHraCGaCJa karGnuvtþn_KMerag/ prospect niTsSn_ ¬karrMBwgTuk¦ projection karKn;KUrCamun prospecting licence GaCJab½NÑsMrab;kar proliferation karrIksay ¬cMnYn¦ rukrk ¬eRbgkat/ Er:>>>¦ promise to pay (French: engagement de prospective buyer GñkTijkñúgkarrMBwg dépense) karsnüacMNay prospector Gñkrukrk ¬Er:>>>¦/ buersI promissory note b½NÑCMBak;R)ak;/ b½NÑsnüasg prospectus briyayb½NÑ promotion 1> kartMelIgzan³ ¬buKÁlik¦ prosperity vibulPaB 2> karpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ protection kic©¼kar karBar/ 3> karCMruj/ ~ of commercial interests environment(al) ~ kic©karBarbrisßan karCMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ protectionist measure promotional strategy viFankarkarBarplitplkñúgRsuk yuT§saRsþpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ protocol 1> BiFIsar ¬Éksar¦ prompt adj. Pøam²/ ~ cash R)ak;bg;dl;éd/ 2> BiFIkar ¬sMrab;BiFIepSg²¦ ~ delivery karRbKl;Pøam²/ ~ payment protracted war s®gÁamruaMér: karTUTat;Pøam² provision 1>esckþIEcg/ bTb,BaØtþi rWbBaØtiþ proof Psþútag/ skçIkmµ ¬c,ab;¦/ final ~Gvsanb,BaØtþi/ transitional propensity TMenar/ ]bnisS½y ~ Gnþrb,BaØtþi 2> viFankareRtom 3> vtßúpÁt;pÁg;/ property RTBü/ sm,tþi/ RTBüsm,tþi/ sMviFanvtßú kmµsiT§i/ dInigGaKar/ ~ insurance karFana provision dealer, retail Gñklk;raynUv r:ab;rgRTBüsm,tþi/ ~ tax Bn§elIRTBüsm,tþi¼ TMnijes,ógGahar kmµsiT§i provision reserve sMviFanFn proportion n. smamaRt/ in ~ to provisional invoice vikáybRtbeNþaHGasnñ smamaRtnwg proxy 1> GñkTTYlkarepÞrsiT§i/ GaNtþiKahk proportional allocation 2> ÉksarsiT§iRbTan/ lixitepÞrsiT§i karélEcksmamaRt 3> siT§iRbTan/ karepÞrsiT§i proportional tax system RbB½n§Bn§smamaRt prudent monetary policy proposal sMeNI/ project ~ sMeNIKMerag eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtßúRbugRby½tñ proprietor, proprietress, n. m©as;/ kmµsiT§ikr prudential measure viFankarRbugRby½tñ prosecution 1> bNþwgsaFarN³/ karbþwgecaT prudential rule viFanRbugRby½tñ Rbkan; 2> Gyükar ¬PaKIedImecaTkñúgerOgRBhµTNЦ 76
Economic Lexicon Part 1 public administration rdæ)alsaFarN³ purposive sampling karykKMrUtagtam public n. & adj. 1>saFarNCn/ general eKaledA ~ saFarNCn 2>saFarN³/ ~ accounting/ accounts KNenyüsaFarN³/ ~ company Q, q or ~ limited company (PLC) Rkumh‘un PaKh‘un/ saCIvkmµ ¬manecjsnøwkh‘unlk;[ qualification KuNvuDÆi/ kMritCMnaj/ saFarNCn¦/ ~ finance hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³/ KuNsm,tþixagCMnaj/ lkçN³sm,tþi ~ adminstrative establishment RKwHsßan qualified acceptance karTTYlRBm rdæ)alsaFarN³/ ~ entity GgÁPaBrdæ ~ order edaymanlkçxNÐ sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³/ ~ proclamation qualitative énKuNPaB/ ~ method esckþIRbkasCasaFarN³/ ~ sector vis½y viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbKuNPaB saFarN³/ ~ utilities shRKaspÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ quality shipped KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ eBlpÞúk ¬pþl;esvasMrab;plRbeyaCn_saFarN³dUcCa quality standard sþg;darKuNPaB/ Twk/ GKÁIsnI/ ]sµ½n/ TUrKmnaKmn_¦/ ~ works bmanIyKuNPaB saFarN³kar quantitative énbrimaN/ ~ method public relations TMnak;TMngsaFarN³ viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦tamEbbbrimaN publicise v. pSBVpSay ¬c,ab;¦ quarrying GaCIvkmµ¬yk¦fµ public-spirited EdlKitRbeyaCn_saFarNCn quarter 1> RtImas/ 2> mYyPaKbYn/ 2nd ~ publish v. 1> e)aHBum<pSay of 7th century mYyPaKbYnTI2énstvtSr_TI7 2> RbkaspSay/ RbkaspSayCasaFarN³ quarter-day éf¶RbKl;R)ak;¬QñÜl¦RbcaMRtImas purchase ledger esovePAFMTij quarterly adj. & adv. RbcaMRtImas ¬kt;RtakarTijcUl¦ quasi-money rUbiyvtßúepSg² purchase v. & n. 1> Tij/ ~ on credit quasi-public institution TijeCO 2> karTij sßab½nsaFarN³Rbhak;RbEhl purchaser GñkTij/ likely/prospective ~ questionnaire bBa¢IsMnYr ¬sMrab;sMPasn_¦ GñkTijEdleKrMBwg quick ratio smaPaKrh½s purchasing power GMNacTij/ lT§kmµBl/ quintile bBa©PaK ¬sßiti¦ ~ of the currency GMNacTijénrUbiyvtßú quorum kUr:um ¬cMnYnmnusScaM)ac;sMrab;ebIkkarRbCMu¦ purge visuT§ikmµ/ viercnkmµ/ karsMGitsMGag quota kUta/ fixing of ~ karkMNt;kUta/ ~ purify v. cMraj;eGaysuT§/ bnSúT§/ eRcaHsMGat regime rbbkUta/ ~ sampling purpose eKaledA karykKMrUtagtamkUta 77
Economic Lexicon Part 1 quotation éføRbkas ¬enATIpSar¦/ karRbkas spot ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;dl;éd éfø/ share ~ karRbkaséføsnøwkh‘un/ keen ~ rate éfø ¬Ékta¦ éføTak;Taj ¬KYreGaycg;Tij¦ ratification karpþl;sc©ab½n/ sc©anumti quote v. & n. 1> kMNt;¼):an;sµan/ ~ in rating kareFVIcMNat;fñak; tMél¼KuNsm,tþi/ local currency kMNt;éføCarUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk performance ~ kareFVIcMNat;fñak;lT§plkargar 2> éføkMNt; ratio smaPaK/ Gnu)at/ ~ analysis quoted company Rkumh‘uncUlpSarh‘un karviPaKsmaPaK ¬snøwkh‘unmanlk;¼Tij enApSarh‘un¦ rational smehtupl/ sniTanIy/ quoted price éfø)anRbkas ~ expectation karrMBwgsmehtupl quotient n. plEck rationale sniTanPaB/ ehtupl rationality sniTanPaB rationalisation sniTankmµ/ kareFVI[rwtEt R, r manRbsiT§PaB/ ~ of civil servants sniTankmµm®nþIraCkar racism BUCsasn_niym raw adj. eqA/ ~ data Tinñn½yeqA ¬minTan; raise v. 1> tMelIg/ ~ taxes tMelIgBn§ viPaK¦/ ~ materials vtßúFatuedIm 2> ekNÐRbmUl/ érGgÁas ¬R)ak;¦ real Bit/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrubBit/ rally (price) eLIgéføvij ¬eRkayBI)ancuH¦ ~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak;Bit random écdnü/ ~ check karRtYtemIl real estate/property GclnRTBü ¬dI nig écdnü/ ~ sample KMrUtagécdnü ¼b¤ GaKar¦/ ~ agency TIPñak;garGclnRTBü randomisation écdnünIykmµ realism R)akdniym range n. 1> RbeLaH/ price ~ RbeLaHéfø/ ~ reality n. tfPaB/ karBit of vision RbeLaH ¬cMgay¦ emIleXIj realisation smiT§ikmµ/ smiT§ipl 2> cMnYnmux ¬plitplRbePTNamYy¦ realise v. sMerc/ eFVIeGaysMerc 3> CYr ¬PñM¦ realty GclnRTBü rank zan³/ zannþrs½kþi ¬m®nþIraCkar¦ reasonable smrmü rank v. eFVIcMNat;fñak; ¬tamlMdab;¦ reassess v. vaytMéleLIgvij/ ransom R)ak;elaHxøÜn reassessment n. rate GRta/ exchange ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;/ rebate 1> karcuHéfø ¬elI TMnijminRtUv)a:n;¼ closing ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;enAeBlbiT/ forward karsgR)ak;munéf¶kMNt;¦ ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/ ~ of interest 2> kar bnßy¼cuH éfø ¬[GtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn¦ GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ of return GRtaTajcMNUl/ 3> karbgViltMél ¬mYyqñaMKitmþgCakardwgKuN 78
Economic Lexicon Part 1 dl;GtifiCn¦ ~ expenditure cMNaymþgehIymþgeTot receipt bgáan;éd/ lixitTTYl recycling karEkécññeLIgvij receiver GñkTTYl red soil dIRkhm recession, economic karFøak;cuHesdækic© red tape kariyaFibetyü/ EbbbTniym recidivism, case of krNIminragcal redeem v. 1> sgpþac;/ ~ a debt sgbMNulpþac; recipient GñkTTYl/ ~ country RbeTs 2> bþÚr¼lk; ykR)ak; ¬]>sBaØab½NѦ TTYl ¬]> CMnYy¦ redemption n. karsgpþac; ¬bMNul¦ reciprocity bdikar/ PaBmaneTAmanmk rediscount bunGbhar ¬eFVIGbharmþgeTot¦ recognise sÁal;/ TTYlsÁal;/ recognised redistribution karEbgEckeLIgvij RbtiRsut redress n. sMNg ¬karxUcxat/ CMgWcitþ¦ recommendation Gnusasn_/ mtipþaMepJI reduction karkat;bnßy/ budget ~ recompense v. & n. 1> sg ¬karxUcxat¦/ karkat;bnßyfvika 2> sMNg redundancy programme kmµviFIbBaÄb; reconcile v. bnSúI/ sMrbsMrYl/ pSHpSaeLIg BlkredaykgVHkargar vij/ reconciliation n. redundant adj. EdleRcInelIstMrUvkar rW reconnaissance study karsikSaEsVgyl; KµanRbeyaCn_ reconversion karpøas;bþÚreLIgvij/ karerob re-election kare)aHeqñatsaCafµI cMeLIgvij reexportation karnaMecjbnþ/ bunnIhrNkmµ record n. & v. 1> kMNt;Rta/ Rbvtþi/ referee GaCJakNþal ÉtTKÁkmµ ¬lT§plx<s;bMput¦/ ~ profits reference book esovePA eyag¼RsavRCav cMeNjx<s;bMputminFøab;man 2> kt;Rta reference period RKa¼ry³eBl eKal recourse ])aRs½y ¬siT§irbs;Gñkkan;rUbiyaNtþi referral hospital mnÞIreBTübEg¥k kñúgkartamTarsMNgBIGñkeFVIbidæielx¦ refinancing (loan) bunhirBaØb,Tan ¬kMcI¦ recoverable (debt) EdlGacRbmUlvij)an reflect v. qøúHbBa©aMg recovery 1> karykcUlvij ¬R)ak;bgáar¦ reforestation kardaMéRBeQIeLIgvij/ bunvnkar 2> karRbmUlmkvij/ ~ of debts karRbmUl reform n. & v. 1> kMENTMrg; 2> EkTMrg; R)ak;bMNulmkvij 3>karerIb ¬esdækic©¦ refund v. & n. 1> sgvij 2> R)ak;sgvij recreation (service) kMsanþ refusal karbdiesF/ karRbEkk/ ~ of rectangular strategy yuT§saRsþctuekaN acceptance karbdiesFkarTTYlRBm rectification karEktMrUv regardless edayminKitdl; recurrent adj. mþgehIymþgeTot/ regime rbb/ financial ~ rbbhirBaØvtßú 79
Economic Lexicon Part 1 region tMbn;/ sub-~ GnutMbn;/ military ~ reinvest v. 1> vinieyaKbnþ ¬vinieyaKR)ak; eyaFPUmiPaK/ military sub- ~ tMbn;Rbtibtþikar cMenjeTAkñúgGaCIvkmµvij¦ 2> vinieyaKeLIgvij swkrg reject v. & n. 1> Rcanecal regionalisation tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ 2> vtßúRcanecal ¬eRBaHminRtUvsþg;dar¦ register n.&v. 1> bBa¢I 2> cuHbBa¢/ cuHbBa¢kar I I related ¬Cab;¦ Tak;Tg¼Tak;Tin registered capital mUlFn)ancuHbBa¢I ¬CapøÚvkar¦ relation TMnak;TMng registered letter/parcel relative adj. EdleFob/ ~ price éføeFob lixit¼kBa©b;beBaØI GnusiT§i relative advantage ]tþmPaBeRbobeFob registered office (of a company) relative majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn TIcat;karcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar edayeFob ¬)ansMelgeRcInCagebkçCnmñak;eTot¦ registrar m®nþIcuHbBa¢I ¬Gñkkan;kab;bBa¢I¦ relative n. sac;jati/ jatiBn§ registration n. karcuHbBa¢I/ ~ certificate relativity saebkçPaB ¬PaBmanTMnak;TMng¦/ viBaØabnb½RtcuHbBa¢I/ ~ number elxcuHbBa¢I rWLaTIvIet regressive tax system RbB½n§Bn§fycuH release v. beBa©j/ edaHElg/ bn§Úr ¬sMBaF¦ ¬fyGRtaenAeBlcMnUlekIneLIg¦ relevant adj. EdlBak;B½n§/ ~ institution regular adj. eTogTat;/ ~ income sßab½nBak;B½n§ R)ak;cMNUleTogTat; relief n. CMnYy/ tax ~ karGnueRKaHBn§/ regularity PaBeTogTat;/ niytPaB ~ assistance CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; regularisation niytkmµ relinquish bgVileGayvij/ e)aHbg; regularly edayeTogTat; remainder sMNl; ¬GVIEdlenAsl;¦ regulate v. RKb;RKgeday bTbBa¢a¼ reminder n. lixitrMlwk ¬]> [mkbg;Bn§¦ bTb,BaØtþic,ab; remission of taxes karbgVilsgR)ak;Bn§ regulations bTbBa¢a ¬lixitbTdæan kñúg ¬Edl)anbg;elIs¦ ÉksarxøH¦/ commune ~ dIkaXMu/ general ~ remittance karepJIR)ak;ecj/ visC¢na/ karepÞrR)ak; nItirYm/ internal ~ bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg remote area tMbn;dac;Rsyal regulator niytkr removal from a government office rehabilitation karsþareLIgvij/ nItism,Ta/ dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykñúgrdæaPi)al ~ project KMerag nItism,Ta¼sþareLIgvij/ remunerate v. pþ;l;laPkar ~ of finances karsþarhirBaØvtßúeLIgvij remuneration laPkar/ R)ak;kMér/ R)ak;Ex/ reimburse v. sgvij ¬R)ak;Edl)ancMNay¦ R)ak;QñÜl/ R)ak;bMNac; reimbursement karsgvij renew v. a licence bnþGaCJab½NÑ reinsurance ¬kar¦ Fanar:ab;rgbnþ renewable energy famBlkekIteLIgvij 80
Economic Lexicon Part 1 rent v. & n. 1> CYl 2> R)ak;QñÜl ¬sMxan; resampling karykKMrUtagsaCafµI elIGclnRTBü ¦ reschedule (a loan) eFVIkalviPaKfµI rental 1> R)ak;QñÜl ¬GclnRTBü nig rescind v. a contract lubecalkic©snüa clnRTBü¦ 2> karCYl rescue v. & n. 1> se®gÁaH 2> karse®gÁaH renter GñkCYlBIeK research v. & n. 1> RsavRCav 2> kar reorganisation karerobcMeLIgvij RsavRCav/ ~ and development (R & D) repatriation matuPUminivtþn_ karRsavRCav nigGPivDÆn_ repayment n. karsgvij/ R)ak;sgvij/ researcher GñkRsavRCav/ associate ~ ~ schedule tarageBlsgR)ak; GñkRsavRCavrg/ fellow ~ GñkRsavRCav/ repeat order karbBa¢aTijEfmeTot senior ~ GñkRsavRCavCan;x<s; ¬nUvmuxTMnijdEdl¦ reserve FnbMrug/ zbnIyPNÐ/ ~ of value repercussion (of an incident) RbtiXat FnbMrugmantémø/ ~ ratio smaPaKFnbMrug/ replacement investment vinieyaKbnøas; ~ requirement account KNnIFnbMrug replacement value tMélpøas;ecj katBVkic©/ ~ requirements kartMrUvFnbMrug/ ¬pøas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYyepSgeTot¦ ~ tranche PaKFnbMrug replenish v. bMeBjeLIgvij reserve fund mUlniFibMrug replicate eFVIcMlgtam/ eFVIsaCafµI reserve member (of a committee) ¬tamlMnaMdUcKña¦ smaCikbMrug ¬énKN³kmµaFikar¦ report r)aykarN_/ annual ~ r)aykarN_ reserved bMrugTuk/ ~ forest éRBbMrugTuk RbcaMqñaM/ market ~ r)aykarN_éføTMnijenATIpSar reserve, Tonle Sap biosphere representative tMNag/ GñktMNag/ zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab authorized ~ GñktMNagmansiT§iRbTan residence nivasdæan/ nivasndæan reproductive adj. énkarbnþBUC/ ~ health resident nivasCn¼nivasnCn/ Gñksñak;enA/ suxPaBbnþBUC non- ~ GnivasCn¼GnivasnCn repurchase karTijykvij resident representative tMNagRbcaMRbeTs reputation ekrþ×eQµaH/ kitþinam/ good ~ residual value tMélsMNl; kitþisBÞ resignation karlaElgBItMENg request v. & n. 1> esñI 2> sMeNI resolution n. 1> esckþIsMerccitþ require v. tMrUv[ ¬eFVIGVImYy¦/ required ¬énGgÁRbCMu¦/ 2> karedaHRsay/ conflict ~ reserves R)ak;bMrugtamkartMrUv ¬]/ kñúgc,ab;¦ karedaHRsayTMnas; requirement kartMrUv resort rmNIydæan/ ~ site mNÐlkMsanþ/ 81
Economic Lexicon Part 1 kEnøgrmNIydæan retrenchment karkat;bnßy ¬cMnay¦ resource FnFan/ ~ consumption retroactive Rbtiskmµ/ ~ effect T§iBl kareRbIR)as;FnFan Rbtiskmµ resource-rent tax (RRT) Bn§CYlFnFan retrospection karRkeLkemIleTAGtItkal response bias lMeGogkñúgcMelIy return 1> R)ak;cMNUl 2> lixitRbkas/ tax response rate GRtaeqøIytb ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn§/ nil ~ lixitRbkas responsibility karTTYlxusRtUv sareBIBn§EdlKµanbMNulBn§RtUvbg; responsible, to hold cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv return on investment ratio smaPaK responsiveness n. kar¼PaB eqøIytb cMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK restoration n. karsþarCYsCul[dUcedIm return, rate of GRtaTajcMNUl restraining force kMlaMgbg¥ak; returnable pack(ag)ing sMbkevcx©b; restrict v. dak;kMhit/ ~ credit dak;kMhit RbmUlvij¼epJITuk elINTan returned cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtbBa¢ÚnRtLb; restriction n. kMhit/ kardak;kMhit/ trade ~ returns 1> TMnijbBa¢ÚnRtLb; kMhitBaNiC¢kmµ 2> cMNUlBIvinieyaK restructured loan kMcI)anerobcMeLIgvij revaluation karvaytMéleLIgvij ¬BnüaeBlsg¦ revealed comparative advantage resumption of exports karbnþnaMecj ]tþmPaBeRbobeFobBinitüeXIj eLIgvij ¬eRkay)anp¥akmYyry³¦ revenue cMNUl/ R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ policy retail outlet hag¼kEnøg lk;ray eKalneya)ayxagcMNUl/ unearned ~ retail, to sell lk;ray cMNUlTTYlmun retailer, retail dealer Gñklk;ray reverse an entry v. cuHbRBa©aselxna/ retail-trade business GaCIvkmµ¼ eFVIRbtiRkanþelxna BaNiC¢kmµ lk;ray reversible EdlGacERbRkLas;)an retained earnings R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk review karBinitüeLIgvij/ ~ mission retained imports TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbI ebskkmµBinitüeLIgvij/ for ~ and R)as; ¬kñúgRsuk¦ decision/approval edIm,IBinitü nigsMerc retention of staff karrkSaTukbuKÁlik revise v. EksMrYl/ revised plan Epnkar ¬kMueGayeKecjBIGgÁPaB¦ EksMrYl retiree nivtþCn revocable letter of credit retirement karcUlnivtþn_ sarNTanGaclubvij)an retirement pension esaFnnivtþn_ revoke a licence dkhUtGaCJab½NÑ ¬mkvij¦ 82
Economic Lexicon Part 1 revolving fund Tuncl½t reward n. & v. 1> rgVan; 2> pþl;rgVan; right n. & adj. 1> siT§i 2> RtwmRtUv S, s right of first refusal siT§ibdiesFTImYy right of way siT§iqøgkat; ¬dIeK¦ SAC (structural adjustment credit) right to the lease siT§iPtisnüa NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ ¬rbs;FnaKar ¬siT§iénkic©snüaCYl¦ BiPBelak¦ riot n. & v. 1> kub,kmµ 2> eFVIkub,kmµ safeguard v. KaMBar rise v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn safety suvtßiPaB/ ~ net sMNaj;¼RbB½n§suvtßiPaB risk haniP½y/ PaBRbfuyRbfan/ eRKaHP½y/ salary ebovtSr_/ R)ak;Ex/ starting ~ ebovtSr_ at owner’s ~ haniP½yr:ab;rgedaym©as; cab;epþImbMerIkar/ ~ index snÞsSn_ebovtSr_/ ¬TMnij¦/ ~ consideration karBicarNaBI ~ loan (receivable) kMcIelIebovtSr_ haniP½y/ ~ taking karh‘anRbfuynwghaniP½y/ sale karlk;/ cash ~ karlk;ykCasac;R)ak;/ aggregate credit ~ haniP½yNTansrub for ~ lk; ¬sresrelIpøakRbkas¦/ ~ invoice rival n. KURbECg vikáybRtlk;/ ~ contract kic©snüalk;/ ~ on road tax Bn§pøÚv credit karlk;eCO/ ~ on instalment plan role play sMEdg ¬tY¦ karlk;eGaysgbNþak;/ ~ or return epJIlk; roll over v. (loan) pþl;saeLIgvij ¬kMcI¦ ¬Gñklk;rayTUTat;sgEtéføTMnijlk;dac; rough estimate kar)a:n;sµanec,al² ehIybgVilTMnijenAsl;[Gñklk;dMuvij¦/ routine n. TMrg;kardEdl² ~ proceeds/revenue cMNUlBIkarlk; row CYr/ CYrepþk ¬tarag¦ sales R)ak;lk;)an/ cMnYnTMnijlk;)an/ royalties sYy ¬rW kMérsYysar/ R)ak;bg;éfø ~ manager naykRKb;RKgkarlk;/ ~ mix QñÜleFVIGaCIvkmµ/ R)ak;lk;sñaéd¦ sareBIP½NÐTMnijsMrab;lk;/ ~ promotion rule viFan/ ~ of law nItirdæ karpSBVpSaylk;/ ~ returns TMnijlk;min ruling esckþIsMercCapøÚvkar ¬tulakar¦/ dac;bBa¢Únmkvij/ ~ tax Bn§elIcMNUllk;)an/ saldIka ¬tulakarkMBUl¦ ~ value tMéllk;¬)an¦/ ~ volume cMnYn ruling prices éføCak;Esþg Éktalk; ¬)an¦ run a factory ¬RKb;RKg¦ dMeNIrkareragcRk salesman Gñklk;/ tMNaglk; running costs cMNay ¬sMrab;¦ dMeNIrkar salination or salinisation karERbCaéRb rush hour em:agmmajwk ¬]> dIéRb¦ salvage v. & n. 1> RbmUlvij 2> rbs;)an 83
Economic Lexicon Part 1 BIkarRbmUl ¬BI GKÁIP½y/ navalic>>>¦ 3> kar scarcity PaBkMr/ tnuPaB se®gÁaH ¬nava b¤TMnijpÞúk¦ scenario esNarIy:U/ qak salvage/scrap value tMélRbmUl)anvij schedular tax Bn§viPaKtamRbePTcMNUl ¬eBlbeBa©jlk;rbs; rWeRKOgcRkcas;²¦ schedule, time tarageBl/ kalviPaK sample n. KMrUtag/ ):an;/ take a ~ v. ykKMrU scheme eRKagkar tag/ ~ allocation karélEckKMrUtag/ ~ design scope visalPaB/ EdnGnuvtþ ¬c,ab;¦/ TMhM bøg;KMrUtag/ ~ group RkumKMrUtag/ ~ overlap scrap product plitplkaksMNl; karKgKMrUtag/ ~ implementation karRsg; scrap/salvage value tMélRbmUl)anvij KMrUtag/ ~ selection kareRCIsKMrUtag/ ~ survey ¬BIkarbeBa©jlk;plitplkaksMNl;¦ GegátKMrUtag sample v. ykKMrUtag/ sampled children sea-damaged EdlxUcxatedaysarTwk kumar ¬RtUv)an¦ ykCaKMrUtag smuRT sampling karykKMrUtag/ ~ bias lMeGogyk seal n. & v. 1> Rta 2> e)aHRtabiT KMrUtag/ ~ domain tMbn;ykKMrUtag/ ~ error ¬]> kugtWenIr¦/ sealed tender karedjéfø el¥ógykKMrUtag/ ~ efficiency RbsiT§PaByk kñúgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit KMrUtag/ ~ frame eRKagykKMrUtag/ ~ rate GRta seaport kMBg;EpsmuRT ykKMrUtag/ ~ variance v:arIy:g;ykKMrUtag seasonal tamrdUv/ manlkçN³rdUvkal sanction TNÐkmµ/ kmµvi)ak/ economic ~ seaworthiness lT§PaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT TNÐkmµesdækic© secondary bnÞab;bnSM/ ~ need tMrUvkar sanction, with your Edl)ankarGnuBaØat bnÞab;bnSM/ ~ data Tinñn½yRbPBTIBIr BIelakGñk secondary school salamFümsikSa/ sanctuary TICMrk/ fish ~ kEnøgGPirkSBUCRtI/ higher ~ salamFümsikSaTutiyPUmi/ lower wildlife ~ EdnCMrkstVéRB ~ salamFümsikSabzmPUmi saturate v. ep¢ak/ eFVItitßikmµ second-stage unit (SSU) ÉktadMNak;TIBIr saver GñksnSMR)ak;/ snñiFikark³ secretariat elxaFikardæan savings R)ak;snSM/ sBa¢½y/ ~ account secretary elxaFikar/ ~ general KNnI snSM¼sBa¢½y/ ~ bank FnaKar GKÁelxaFikar/ ~ of state rdæelxaFikar snSM¼sBa¢½y/ ~ curve ExSekagR)ak;snSM/ sector n. vis½y/ ~ -wide TUTaMgvis½y ~ bank book esovePAebLasMéc sectoral adj. tamvis½y/ ~ level kMritvis½y saw mill eragcRkGareQI secured mankarFana/ assets fully ~ RTBü scale xñat/ TMhM/ fñak;/ maRtdæan ¬énEpnTI¦/ skmµmankarFanaeBjelj economies of ~ esdækic©maRtdæan securities mUlb½Rt/ ~ market pSarmUlb½Rt 84
Economic Lexicon Part 1 security 1> snþisux/ food ~ snþisuxes,óg seller, best esovePAlk;dac;bMput 2> karFana 3> rbs;Fana ¬R)atiePaK¦ seller, quick TMnijlk;dac;qab; ¬gaylk;;¦ 4> GñkFana selling karlk;/ ~ order bBa¢alk;/ ~ price Security Council (UN) RkumRbwkSasnþisux éfølk; ¬Gsb¦ semi-autonomous Bak;kNþalsVy½t security, without edayKµanvtßúFana semiconductor GgÁFatuBak;kNþalcMlg SEDP (Socio-Economic Development ¬eGLicRtUnik¦ Programme) EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© semi-finished product plitplBak; seed n. RKab;BUC/ ~ capital Tun edIm¼BUC kNþalsMerc ¬edIm,I[)anduHdal¦/ ~ money R)ak; edIm¼BUC send back v. epJIRtLb;vij seizure karrwbGUs send for collection v. epJIeTARbmUlR)ak; selection kareRCIs/ kareRCIserIs/ ~ error sender GñkepJI el¥ógkñúgkareRCIs/ ~ interval cenøaHeRCIs/ senior adj. fñak;x<s;/ ~ minister tentative ~ kareRCIsbeNþaHGasnñ eTsrdæm®nþI/ ~ officer m®nþIfñak;x<s; self-determination sV½ysMerc seniority GtItPaB/ promotion by ~ self-employed people CnbMerIGaCIB[xøÜnÉg tMelIgfñak;tamGtItPaB self-financing sV½yhirBaØb,Tan sensitive issue bBaðaresIb self-help approach viFIsaRsþCYyxøÜnÉg sensitivity PaBresIb/ PaBqab;rMePIb/ self-managing sV½yRKb;RKg PaBqab;ejac/ evTyitPaB/ ~ analysis self-regulating mechanism ynþkar viPaKénevTyiTPaB sV½yEktMrUv sensitise v. bMpuskarPJak;rlwk self-reinforcing system RbB½n§sV½yBRgwg series of reports kMrgr)aykarN_ self-reliance PaBm©as;kar/ karBwgEp¥kelIxnÉg Üø servant GñkbMerI/ civil ~ m®nþIraCkarsuIvil/ self-sufficiency PaBGacpÁt;pÁg;xøÜnÉgRKb; public ~ m®nþIraCkar self-sustaining sV½yRTRTg; service esva/ esvakmµ/ ~ fees kMéresva/ self-weighting sV½yTMgn;/ ~ design ~ contract kic©snüaesva/ ~ charge éføesva bøg;sV½yTMgn;/ ~ sample KMrUtagsV½yTMgn; ~ industry ]sSahkmµesva sell lk;/ ~ at auction lk;edjéfø/ ~ at a service v. a debt sgkarR)ak; discount lk;cuHéfø/ ~ on credit lk;eCO/ session sm½yRbCMu/ plenary ~ sm½yRbCMu ~ up RbmUllk;eRkayeBlkS½yFn/ ~ retail eBjGgÁ lk;ray set n. sMrab; ¬]> kUnesamYysMrab;¦/ bNþúM 85
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ¬]> bNþúMeKaledA¦ short of, be v. xVHxat/ Gs; settlement dMeNaHRsay/ karTUTat;/ final ~ short term ry³eBlxøI/ ~ payoff karTUTat;pþac;/ ~ bank FnaKarTUTat;/ plry³eBlxøI ~ credit NTanTUTat; shortage kgVH/ karRkxSt;/ ~ in weight several (liability) dac;BIKña/ erog²xøÜn kgVHTMgn; ¬karTTYlxusRtUvminrYmKña¦ short-change v. Gab; ¬R)ak;¦ xVH severance payment (or golden shortcoming kgVHxat handshake) R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar/ shortfall kgVH ¬fvika¦/ cMnYnxVH R)ak;ebIkpþac; short-season rice RsUvRsal sex worker GñkrksuIpøÚvePT show of hands n. kare)aHeqñatedayelIkéd share n. h‘un/ snøwkh‘un/ ~ market pSarh‘un sick leave karQb;sMrakeBlQW share n. & v. 1> cMENk/ market ~ cMENk sick pay R)ak;]btßmÖeBlQW TIpSar 2> EckrMElk/ ~ experiences Eck side effect plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM/ bc©½yrg rMElkbTBiesaFn_ sight bill/draft rUbiyaNtþibgðaj ¬bþÚryk shareholder Gñkkan;PaKh‘un/ PaKTunik³/ R)ak;)anenAeBlbgðaj¦ influential ~ PaKTunik³manT§iBl sight payment karsgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar sharing PaKkmµ/ karEbgEck sight deposit R)ak;beBaØIGacebIk)antamsMeNI shelter n. CMrk/ tax ~ CMrkecosBn§ ¬edayBMucaM)ac;pþl;dMNwgmun[FnaKar¦ shipped bill of lading GBaØatb½NÑdwk signatory htßelxI TMnijtamnava significance sar³sMxan; shipped quality KuNPaB¬TMnij¦eBlpÞúk silting (of waterways) karduHdI shipping agent Pñak;garnavacr silviculture rukçvb,kmµ shipping company Rkumh‘unnavacr simple samBaØ/ ~ entry elxnasamBaØ shipping note lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij ¬mancuHKNnIEt 1KU¦/ ~ interest karR)ak; shop around v. rkemIlTMnij ¬éfø/ samBaØ ¬KitelIEtR)ak;edIm¦ KuNPaB>>> edIm,ITij¦/ ERCTMnijemIl simple random sampling shoplifting karlYcv:an;kñúghag karykKMrUtagécdnüsamBaØ shopping n. karedIrTijTMnij/ international simple response variance ~ karBieRKaHéføCaGnþrCati va:rIy:g;cMelIysamBaØ short bill rUbiyaNtþikMNt;ry³eBlxøI simple unbiased estimate short delivery karRbKl;TMnijxVH kar)a:n;sµansamBaØminlMeGog short notice, at CUndMNwgmunry³eBlxøI simplification n. kareFVIsamBaØkmµ/ ~ of 86
Economic Lexicon Part 1 customs procedures kareFVIsamBaØkmµnItiviFIKy smuggler Gñkrt;Bn§ simplify n. eFVIeGaysamBaØ smuggling karrt;Bn§ simulation kareFVIRtab;tam social énsgÁm/ sgÁmkic©/ ~ cost bnÞúksgÁm/ sine qua non condition karxatbg;xagsgÁmkic©/ ~ cost-benefit lkçxNÐxanmin)an analysis (SCBA) karviPaKcMnay nigplcM single entry (accounting) enjxagsgÁmkic©/ ~ impact plb:HBal;sgÁm/ rebobcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK ~ insurance cost bnÞúkcMNayFanar:ab;rgsgÁm/ single indicator technique ~ justice yutþiFm’sgÁm/ ~ morality sIlFm’ bec©keTsGaMgDIkaT½reTal sgÁm/ ~ order sNþab;Fñab;sgÁm/ ~ product single window RckecjcUlEtmYy plitplsgÁm/ ~ reintegration bunsmah sinking fund mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug ¬TwkR)ak; rNkmµsgÁmkic©/ ~ safety net RbB½n§suvtßiPaB dkmkrkSaTukedayELky:ageTogTat; sMrab; sgÁm/ ~ security/welfare (budget edaHRsaytMrUvkarGVImYynaGnaKtdUcCasg expenditure) R)ak;viPaCn_sgÁm/ ~ security bMNulCaedIm¦ snþisuxsgÁm/ ~ security contribution Sino-Khmer Exµrkat;cin viPaKTansnþisuxsgÁm/ ~ status zan³ ¬kñúg¦ site TIkEnøg sgÁm/ ~ strictures bBaØtþisgÁm/ size TMhM socio-economic adj. esdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ skill CMnaj/ life ~ bMNinCIvit ~ policy eKalneya)ayesdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ slogan Baküesøak ~ survey Gegátesdækic©-sgÁmkic© slope of a curve/line cMeNatén ExSekag¼ sociology sgÁmviTüa bnÞat; soft currency rUbiyvtßúexSay sloppy adj. x¢Ix¢a/ ~ work kargarx¢Ix¢a ¬minGacbþÚrykrUbiyvtßúdéTeTot)an¦ slum n. sgáat;RkIRk¬rexkrxak¦/ ~ -dwellers soft goods TMnijvaynP½NÐ Gñkrs;enAkñúgsgáat;RkIRk soft loan kMcImankarR)ak;Tab ¬TabCagGRta slush fund hibexµA ¬begáItedaysMgat;¦ enATIpSar¦/ kMcIKµankarR)ak; small-scale xñattUc soft market TIpSarmankarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInCag SME (small and medium enterprise) tMrUvkar shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm soft repayment terms lkçxNÐsgGnueRKaH smoking gun PsþútagekþA² software (computer) sUhVEvr smooth adj. relag/ rlUn/ ~ operation soil erosion kareRcaHdac;dI dMeNIrkarrlUn ¬l¥¦ sole agency TIPñak;garpþac;mux 87
Economic Lexicon Part 1 sole agent/representative tMNagpþac;mux specification yfaRbePT sole distributor GñkEbgEckpþac;mux specify v. bBa¢ak;/ kMNt;/ specified sole proprietorship 1> ÉkkmµsiT§i period kal kMNt;¼bBaØtþi 2> shRKasÉkbuKÁl specimen KMrUbgðaj/ bdirUb/ ~ signature solicitor Gñkc,ab; ¬PaKeRcIn CYyBieRKaH KMrUhtßelxa eyabl; nigerobcMÉksarxagc,ab;¦ speculation n. 1> karqk;»kasekgcMeNj solidarity n. samKÁIPaB ¬kñúgkarTij¼lk;¦/ oil ~ karqk;»kasekg solvency saFnPaB/ lT§PaBsgbMNul cMeNjkñúgeRbgkat solvent saFnIy ¬EdlGacsgbMNul¦ 2> karvaysµan/ pure ~ karvaysµansuT§saF sophisticated technology bec©kviTüa spoilage n. 1> karxUcKuNPaB ¬rbs;hUb¦ eCOnelOnnigsµúKsµaj 2> rbs;xUcKuNPaB sort v. erobtamlMdab; spoils C½yP½NÐ/ vtßúrwbGUs)an sound adj. RtwmRtUv/ RbkbedayKtibNÐit spot price éføTijlk;dl;éd ¬TUTat; nig sound the market v. sÞabsÞg;TIpSar RbKl;TMnijPøam²¦ South, the TkSiNRbeTs¬RbeTsRk¦ spouse shB½T§ sovereign immunity GP½yÉksiT§irdæ ¬siT§i spread, spreading n. karrIkraldal rbs;rdæedIm,I)anrYcputBIkarbþwgTarsMNgxUcxat¦ squeeze v. expenditure rwtt,itcMNay sovereign risk haniP½yrdæaPi)alminGac stabilisation sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUbnIykmµ/ sgR)ak; ~ policy neya)aysßirkmµ sovereignty GFibetyüPaB stability, economic sßirPaBesdækic© spatial sampling karykKMrUtagtamkEnøg stable exchange rate GRtabþÚrR)ak;man special drawing rights (SDR) sßirPaB staff buKÁlik siT§idkBiess stage n. dMNak;/ dMNak;kal special economic zone tMbn;esdækc©Bess i i stagflation (stagnation + inflation) special promotion zone (SPZ) tMbn; GPivDÆn_Biess kars<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa stagnation kars<wkRTwg/ GvDÆnPaB/ speciality ÉkeTs/ rbs;Biess economic ~ kars<wkRTwgesdækic© specialisation ÉkeTsnIykmµ/ CMnajnIykmµ stake PaKkmµ/ karcUlh‘un specialised bank FnaKarÉkeTs stakeholder GñkmanPaKh‘un/ GñkBak;B½n§ specific period of time ry³¼kMNt; stamp duty Bn§Etm eBlCak;lak; standard sþg;dar/ ~ cost tMélsþg;dar/ 88
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ~ deviation KMlatsþg;dar/ draft ~ sþg;dar eKaledA¼ecjdMeNIr RBag/ compulsory ~ sþg;darbBa¢a/ gold ~ statistics sßiti sþg;dar¼xñat mas/ ~ of living or living status sßanPaB/ zan³/ ~-inquiry agency standard kMritCIvPaB/ up to ~ dl;kMrit TIPñak;garRsavRCavsßanPaBRkumh‘un/ ~ quo sþg;dar ~ operating procedures nItiviFI sßanPaBCak;EsþgkMBugman/ ~ symbol nimitþ Rbtibtþikarsþg;dar sBaØasMKal;zan³ standard-conversion factor (SCF) statute lkçnþik³/ co-~ of civil servants ktþabMElgsþg;dar shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil standardisation sþg;darUbnIykmµ statute of limitation GaCJayukal stand-by adj. eRtom/ ~ agreement steadily CaeTogTat;/ CaCMhan² kic©RBmeRBogeRtom/ ~ credit NTaneRtom steering committee KN³kmµaFikar standing (bank) sþg;Dig¼sßanPaB/ bank dwknaMkargar¼nayk of good ~ FnaKarmansþg;Digl¥ stem n. edIm ¬cMENkeRkABIKl;Cab;b£s nig standing order lixitbBa¢aGcié®nþy_ ¬[ cugCab;søwk¦/ cassava ~ edImdMLÚgeQI FnaKarepÞrR)ak;y:ageTogTat;eTAKNnImYy ¬]> sMrab;eFVIBUC¦ eTotrhUtdl;manbBa¢afµI¦ step (in a process) CMhan ¬kñúgdMeNIrkar standpoint, from the economic GVImYy¦/ ~ by ~ mYyCMhanmþg² tamTsSn³esdækic© stereotype n. pñt;KMnit staple product plitplmUldæan stevedore kmµkrkMBg;Ep start-up cost esah‘uycab;epþIm stevedoring karelIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l; state enterprise or state-owned stewardship n. karEfTaMRKb;RKg enterprise shRKasrdæ stiff price éfø x<s;¼x<s;eBk state general budget fvikaTUeTArbs;rdæ stimulate v. CMruj/ bMpus State Treasury rtnaKarCati stipulate v. Ecg statement esckþIRbkas/ r)aykarN_/ stock n. snøwkh‘un/ ~ exchange/market financial ~ r)aykarN_hirBaØvtßú/ ~ of pSarh‘un account sMrg;¼r)aykarN_ KNnI/ ~ of stock n. sþúk/ snñiFi/ TMnij/ opening ~ affairs bBa¢IsareBIP½NÐeBlkS½yFn/ ~ of sþúkedImRKa/ out of ~ Gs;BIsþúk/ ~ control receipts and payments r)aykarN_cMNUl karRtYtBinitüsþúk/ ~ in hand sþúkkñúgéd cMNay/ monthly ~ r)aykarN_RbcaMEx ¬mankñúghag¼XøaMg¦/ ~ in trade sþúkTMnij station of destination/origin sßanIy sMrab;lk;/ ~ turnover (ratio) GRtabgVilsþk 89
Economic Lexicon Part 1 ¬kñúgmYyqñaM¦/ ~ lines muxTMnijkñúgXøaMg lkçN³CaRbB½n§ stock v. sþúk ¬TMnijTuklk;¦ student stipends R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit stock, natural fish sþúkRtIFmµCati study tour TsSnkic©sikSa stockbroker KYkeCh‘un sub-class fñak;rg stockout n. Gs;BIsþúk ¬PaB¦ sub-classification cMNat;fñak;rg stockpile v. & n. sþúkeRcIn² ¬nUvGVImYy subcontract v. em:Akarbnþ/ cuHkic©snüabnþ sMrab;eRbIenAéf¶eRkay¦ subcontractor Gñkem:Akarbnþ/ GñkcuHkic©snüabnþ stocktaking kareFVIsareBIP½NÐ/ ~ sale sub-decree GnuRkwtü karlk;LayLúgmuneBleFVIsareBIP½NÐ ¬edIm,I[ subdivide v. Eckbnþ ¬KNnI/ Rkum>>¦ RsLHXøaMg¦ subjective choice CMerIsGtþenam½t stopfiler (tax) Gñkdak;RbkassareBIBn§ sublet, sublease CYlbnþ min)anRKb;elIk sub-national adj. fñak;eRkamCati storage karsþúk ¬Tukdak;GIv:an;kñúgXøaMg¦ subordinate entity GgÁPaB eRkam»vaT¼ storekeeper/shopkeeper m©as;hag cMNuH straight-line depreciation method subpoena v. & n. 1> ekaHsakSI viFIrMls;esµIPaK ¬tulakar¦/ 2> dIkaekaHsakSI strategic needs tMrUvkarCayuT§saRsþ sub-product, forest GnupléRBeQI strategist n. yuT§saRsþviTU/ GñkyuT§saRsþ subrogation ])aeTskmµ/ kardak;CMnYs strategy yuT§saRsþ sub-sample KMrUtagrg stratification RsTab;nIykmµ subscribed capital mUlFn)ancuHeQµaH stratum RsTab;/ ~ mean mFümPaKénRsTab; subscribing to securities strike kUdkmµ briviskmµmUlb½Rt stringent twgruwg/ ~ measures viFankartwgruwg subscription kar Cav¼sMuCav/ ~ price éføCav strong market pSarxøaMg ¬TIpSarman subsectoral level kMritGnuvis½y GñkTijeRcIn¦ subsidiary adj. rg/ ~ account KNnIrg/ structural adjustment kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§/ ~ ledger esovePAFMrg ~ loan kMcIsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ subsidiary n. (company) buRtsm<½n§ structural adjustment facility (SAF) ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unCag 50°¦/ wholly ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ owned ~ saxa ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘un structure n. rcnasm<½n§/ ~ of banking TaMgGs;¦ institutions rcnasm<½n§sßab½nFnaKar subsidise v. pþl;]btßmÖFn/ CYybMeBjxat structured experience bTBiesaFn_man subsidy, subvention n. ]btßmÖFn/ 90
Economic Lexicon Part 1 R)ak;bMeBjxat karpþl;/ ~ and demand karpÁt;pÁg;nigtMrUvkar/ subsistence agriculture ksikmµCIvRBwtþi/ ~ curve ExSekagkarpÁt;pÁg; ksikmµRKan;EtmYyrs; support v. & n. 1> KaMRT/ RTRTg;/ ~ subsistence production plitkmµCIvRBwtþi/ service esvakmµKaMRT 2> kar KaMRT¼RTRTg; karplitRKan;EtmYyrs; supporting document ÉksarGm substance sarFatu ¬rdæ)al¦/ skçIb½Rt ¬KNenyü¦ substandard eRkamsþg;dar Supreme Council of the Magistracy substantial adj. dMukMPYn/ ~ funding ]tþmRkumRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm karpþl;fvikaCadMukMPYn surcharge éføykbEnßm/ Bn§ykbEnßmelI subtotal srubrg TMnijnaMcUl ¬edIm,ICYyCMrujplitkmµkñúgRsuk¦ succeeding stage dMNak;kalCabnþ surety n. 1> GñkFana 2> rbs;Fana successor Gñkbnþevn surplus Gtierk/ pl elIs¼elIstMrUvkar sue v. bþwg surtax Bn§bEnßm sum 1> TwkR)ak; 2> plbUk survey n. & v. Gegát/ ~ area tMbn;Gegát/ summit snñisITkMBUl ~ data Tinñn½yGegát/ ~ error el¥ógGegát/ sundry account KNnIcMruH ~ operation RbtibtþikarGegát/ general ~ supervise v. Binitütamdan GegátTUeTA supervision karBinitütamdan/ GaNaBüa)al/ survivability PaBGacrs;)an/ financial ~ under financial ~ of the Ministry of PaBGacrs;)anxaghirBaØvtßú Economy and Finance eRkamGaNaBüa)al survivor CnenArs; hirBaØvtßúénRksYgesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú suspend v. BüÜr/ p¥ak supervisor GnurkS/ GñkBinitütamdan suspense account KNnIrg;caM ¬kt;RtaCa supervisory authority GaCJaFrGaNaBüa)al beNþaHGasnñnUvTwkR)ak;EdlKNenyükrmin supplementary crop dMNaMrYmpSM Tan;dwgfa RtUvkt;cUlKNnIc,as;las;NamYy¦ supplemental budget fvika]bsm<½n§ suspension kar BüÜr¼p¥ak ¬RbtibtþikarhirBaØvtßúénGgÁPaBrdæEdlmanlkçN³ sustain v. RTRTg;/ self- ~ing sV½yRTRTg;/ ]sSahkmµ nigBaNiC¢kmµ EtBMuEmnCanItibuKÁl¦ ~ life RTRTg;CIvit supplementary bEnßm/ ~ schedule sustainability cIrPaB tarag¼Éksar B½t’manbEnßm sustainable adj. mancIrPaB/ ~ agriculture supplier GñkpÁt;pÁg; ksikmµmancIrPaB/ ~ development supply 1> sMPar³pÁt;pÁg; 2> karpÁt;pÁg;/ karGPivDÆn_mancIrPaB 91
Economic Lexicon Part 1 sympathy n. smancitþ ¬CYyKaMRT>>>¦ tangible assets RTBüskmµrUbI/ RTBürUbI symptom eraKsBaØ/ nimitþehtu target cMNucedA/ eKaledA/ Epnkar/ sales synchronisation smkalkmµ targets Epnkarlk; ¬tYelx¦ ~ group synergy famBlelIs)anBIkarpÁúMKña RkumeKaledA/ ~ market TIpSareKaledA ¬]> karbBa©ÚlFnFanrksuICamYyKña edIm,I)an tariff 1> bBa¢Iéfølk; 2> taragBn§Ky/ Bn§naMcUl cMeNjeRcInCagenAedayELk²BIKña¦ task Parkic©/ ~ -oriented epþatelIParkic©/ synthetic products plitplsMeyaK ~ force Rkumkargar system of proportional representation taste cMNUlcitþ RbB½n§smamaRt ¬e)aHeqñat¦ tax Bn§/ Bn§dar/ back ~ bMNulBn§BIqñaMmun²/ systematic CaRbB½n§/ CayfaRkm/ ~ factor emergency ~ Bn§visamBaØ/ ~ accounting ktþaCaRbB½n§/ ~ land registration karcuHbBa¢I KNenyüBn§dar/ ~ avoidance karecosvagBn§ dIFøICaRbB½n§/ ~-risk phenomenon )atuPUt ¬edayc,ab;mancenøaHRbehag¦/ ~ assessor eRKaHfñak;manlkçN³CaRbB½n§/ ~ sampling Pñak;garkMNt;Bn§/ ~ base mUldæanykBn§/ karykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§ ~ burden bnÞúkBn§/ ~ collection karRbmUlBn§/ systematise RbB½n§nIykmµ ~ credit NTanBn§/ ~ collector GñkRbmUl Bn§/ ~ evasion kareKcBn§ ¬elµIsc,ab;nigRtUv maneTasT½NЦ/ ~ exempt EdlelIkElgBn§/ T, t ~ exemption karelIkElgBn§/ ~ holiday ry³eBlrYcBn§/ vismBn§/ ~ loophole cenøaH table tarag RbehagénBn§/ ~ moments »kashUtBn§/ ~ on tabulation karelIkCatarag profit Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNj/ ~ payment year take into account ykmkKit/ rab;bBa©Úl qñaMbg;Bn§/ ~ rate GRtaBn§/ ~ rebate karbnßy take stock v. eFVIsareBIP½NÐ Bn§/ ~ receipts/revenues cMNUlBn§/ ~ relief take up references v. RbmUlBt’man karbn§ÚrbnßyBn§/ ~ reduction karkat;bnßyBn§/ take v. legal action against bþwgtam ~ revenues efforts or ~ effort kMlaMgcMNUl pøÚvtulakarcMeBaH/ GnuvtþviFanc,ab;cMeBaH Bn§dar/ ~ treatment cMNat;kar¼RbRBwtþikmµ Bn§/ take-home pay R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§/ ~/taxation year qñaMCab;Bn§ ebovtSr_suT§ tax v. hUtBn§/ ykBn§ takeover karcUlRtYtRta ¬edayTijykCag taxable adj. 1> Cab;Bn§/ ~ income cMNUl 50°énPaKh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘un¦/ take over v. Cab;Bn§ 2> EdlGachUtBn§)an takings n. R)ak;TTYl)an ¬BIkarlk;kñúg taxpayer GñkCab;Bn§ ry³eBlNamYy¦ technical assistance CMnYybec©keTs 92
Economic Lexicon Part 1 technical fix dMeNaHRsay¼Rckecj ¬GaCIvkmµ¦ bec©keTs terms lkçxNÐ/ easy ~ lkçxNÐFUrRsal/ telegraphic address GasydæanTUrKmn_ ~ and conditions of a contract xøwmsar telegraphic transfer karepÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_ niglkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ ~ of a contract telex TUrBum< lkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ ~ of payment lkçxNÐ teller ebLakr TUTat;/ ~ of reference lkçxNÐeyag ¬sMrab; temporary beNþaHGasnñ/ ~ cover b½NÑFana epÞógpÞat;¦/ lkçxNÐkargar ¬kic©snüakargar¦/ r:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ/ ~ unemployment ~ of sale lkçxNÐlk; nikmµkalik territorial integrity bUrNPaBEdndI tenancy n. 1> ry³eBlCYl ¬GclnRTBü¦ tertiary education ]tþmsikSa 2> siT§ikan;kab; ¬GclnRTBüCYl¦ test n. & v. 1> etsþ 2> eFVIetsþ tenant GñkCYl ¬dI/pÞH>>>¦/ Ptik³/ ~ farmer test the market v. sÞabsÞg;TIpSar ksikrCYldIeK testament mrtksasn_ tendency ninñakar/ rising ~ ninñakarekIneLIg testimonial sMbuRtKaMRT ¬eGaycUleFVIkar¦ tender karedjéfø ¬edIm,IeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;¦ textile vaynPNÐ/ ~ industry ]sShkmµ tender terms and conditions book vaynPNÐ esovePAbnÞúk ¬sMrab;edjéfø¦ theory RTwsþI tenderer Gñkedjéfø think-tank Rkumpþl;KMnit tendering karedjéfø ¬edaymandak;Éksar third party PaKITIbI/ ttiyCn tMél):an;sµanlMGit¦ threshold n. kMritcab;ERbRbYl/ kaMQancUl tenure 1> ry³eBlkan;kab;tMENg/ GaNtþi thrift plan EpnkarsnSMsMéc 2> siT§ikan;kab;tMENg¼RTBüsm,tþi tied aid CMnYymancMNg 3> karkan;kab; ¬dI/ pÞH¦ time eBl/ kal/ kalkMNt;/ ~ deposit tenurial right siT§ikan;kab; ¬dI/ pÞH¦ R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt;/ ~ dimension term GaNtþi/ry³eBl/ long ~ ry³eBlEvg/ TidæPaBxageBlevla/ ~ draft rUbiyaNtþi TIXkal/ medium ~ ry³eBlmFüm/ short mankalkMNt;/ ~ frame Rkbx½NÐeBlevla/ ~ ry³eBlxøI/ GcIrkal/~ in/of officeGaNtþi ~ limit for delivery kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij/ term-deposit account KNnIbeBaØIman ~ policy b½NÑsnüaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt;/ kalkMNt; ~ segment kMNat;eBl/ ~ table tarageBl/ terminal contract kic©snüamankalkMNt; ~ value tMéltameBl/ ~ work kargarKit termination karbBa©b; ¬kargar¦/ karbBaÄb; em:ag ¬TUTat;kMértamcMnYnem:ag/ éf¶¦ 93
Economic Lexicon Part 1 timely return (of a cheque...) traditional CaRbéBNI/ ~ savings R)ak; bgVilvijTan;eBl snSMtamTMlab;/ ~ way of life rebobrs;enA tip TwkEt ¬R)ak;[eRkA¦ CaRbéBNI title 1> cMNgeCIg 2> gar traffic cracr/ ~ order sNþab;Fñab;cracr title deed b½NÑkmµsiT§i trainee or intern (US) kmµsikSakarI/ title, land b½NÑkmµsiTi§dI Gñkhat;kar toll éføeRbIesva ¬]> eRbIpøÚv/ s<an ¦ training karbNþúHbNþal/ on-the-job ~ tool ]bkrN_/ Rbdab;Rbdar karbNþúHbNþalP¢ab;nwgkargar/ off-the-job ~ top-down paradigm KMrUBIelImkeRkam karbNþúHbNþaldac;BIkargar ¬]> enAmhaviTüal½y¦ total n. & v. srub/ grand ~ srubrYm/ transaction Rbtibtþikar/ kic©karCMnYj subtotal srubrg transfer v. & n. 1> epÞr 2> karepÞr/ bEgVr/ track record n. RbvtþieCaKC½y-braC½y karepÞrR)ak;/ Gnub,Tan (French: cession), tracking kartamdanemIl ~ deed lixitepÞr/ ~ payments R)ak;epÞrTUTat; trade BaNiC¢kmµ/ CMnYj/ GaCIB/ ~ agreement ~ pricing kardak;éføedIm,IepÞrR)ak; kic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ balance CBa¢IgBaNiC¢ transferable adj. GacepÞr)an/ ~ credit kmµ/ ~ barriersr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ deficit NTanGacepÞr)an »nPaBBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ discount/terms karcuH transferee n. Gnub,Tanik/ GñkRtUv)aneK éføkñúgGaCIB ¬eGayGñkRbkbrbrdUcKña¦/ ~ name epÞreGay eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ/ yIeha/ ~ reference TIsMGag transferor n. GñkepÞr ¬[eK¦ bBa¢ak;xagGaCIB/ ~ representation tMNag transformation (products...) karbMEbøg BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ tariff taragBn§Ky tranship or transship v. epÞrBIyan trade v. pøas;bþÚrBaNiC¢kmµ/ eFVICMnYj mYyeTAyanþmYyeTot ¬edIm,Idwkbnþ¦/ trademark sBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ transhipment n. karepÞr trade-off karedaHdUr ¬TMnij¦Kña transit qøgkat;/ ~ account KNnIqøgkat;/ trader QµÜj/ GñkCMnYj/ BaNiC¢kr ~ goods TMnijqøgkat;/ ~ passenger GñkdMeNIr trade union shCIB qøgkat;/ ~ licence GaCJab½NÑsMrab;TMnijqøgkat; trading karCYjdUr/ kareFVIBaNiC¢kmµ/ transitional adj. Gnþrkal/ ~ economy ~ partner édKUBaNiC¢kmµ esdækic©Gnþrkal/ ~ measures viFankar trading capital TunbgVil Gnþrkal/ ~ period ry³eBlGnþrkal trading losses kMhateFVIGaCIvkmµ ¬eBl transmission karbBa¢Ún ¬sar¦ R)ak;cMNUl)anticCagR)ak;cMNayecj¦ transnational corporation (TNC) Rkumh‘unrMlgCati 94
Economic Lexicon Part 1 transparency n. tMlaPaB RKb;RKgkarkS½yFnEdlEtgtaMgedaytulakar¦ transporter GñkdwkCBa¢Ún trustee ordinance bTbBa¢a RbtisiT§iCn trauma n. rbYs ¬pøÚvkay rW pøÚvcitþ¦ ¼Gñksñgkar travel agency TIPñak;gareTscrN_/ TIPñak;gar trusteeship PaBTTYlxusRtUv Kmnakar trusteeship council traveller’s cheque mUlb,Tanb½RteTscrN_ RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiT§iCn traveller’s letter of credit sarNTan trustworthy EdlKYreGayTukcitþ eTscrN_ T account KNnIRbePTGkSr T travelling salesman Gñklk;cl½t tuition class karsikSabg;éfø treasurer n. hirBaØik/ rtnakr turning point cMNucbt; ¬eBlEdlman treasury rtnaKar/ ~ bill b½NÑrtnaKar karpøas;bþÚr¦ ¬ry³kalxøICagmYyqñaM¦/ ~ bond b½NÑrtnaKar turnkey contract kic©snüaesakñúgéd ¬ry³kalEvg¦ turnover plrbr/ plGaCIvkmµ/ R)ak;cMNUl treatment n. RbRBwtþikmµ/ cMNat;kar/ karcat;Ecg turnover rates of labour GRtaecjcUl treaty sn§isBaØa énBlkr treble v. ekInmYyCabI two-track approach viFIedaHRsayBIrpøÚv trend ninñakar/ market ~ ninñakarTIpSar two-way eTVTis/ BIrpøÚv trial balance taragtulüPaB typical CatYy:ag trickle-down effect plb:HBal;snSwm²/ plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM trillion, one (US) mYylanlan U, u tripartite adj. RtIPaKI trust fund mUlniFimrtk ¬mUlniFiRKb;RKg ultimate area unit (UAU) edayRbtisiT§iCnsMrab;GtßKahk¦ ÉktatMbn;cugeRkay trust fund facility (TFF) ultimate goal eKaledAcugeRkay ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk ultimate sampling unit (USU) trust letter lixiteCOTukcitþ ÉktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay trustee (one to whom a right has been ultimatum n. »sanvaT assigned by will, gift... French: ayant unaccountable adj. 1>minGacBnül;)an cause) RbtisiT§iCn 2> KµanKNenyüPaB/ minTTYlxusRtUv trustee in bankruptcy shbdiPaK ¬Gñk unaccounted for adj. )at;edayKµankarBnül; 95
Economic Lexicon Part 1 unaided edaykMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn undermentioned manerobrab;dUcxageRkam unaltered Edltpøas;bþÚr underproduction 1> karplitminRKb;tMrUvkar unanswered EdlKµancMelIy 2> karplitmineBjkMlaMg unascertained goods TMnijRcbUkRcbl; underrate v. vaybenßak ¬minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT¦ undersell v. 1> lk;efakCag ¬KURbECg¦ unavailing efforts karRbwgERbgKµan)anpl 2> lk;eRkamtMél ¬edIm¦ unbalanced budget fvikaKµantulüPaB undersigned, the GñkcuHhtßelxa ¬man»nPaB¦ ¬BIeRkam¦/ htßelxI unbanked cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtminTan; understanding karyl;dwg/ karyl;Kña dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar eTAvijeTAmk/ snÞidæPaB/ good ~ karyl;dwg unbiased tlMeGog l¥/ memorandum of ~ GnusSarN³RBmeRBog uncalled capitalmUlFnminTan;ehA ¬[bg;¦ underwrite v. 1> CYyFana 2> CYyr:ab;rg uncashed cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtminTan; underwriter GñkFana ebIkykR)ak; undisclosed income cMNUltRbkas/ unclaimed EdlBMuRtUv)anTamTar cMNUllYclak; uncleared goods TMnijminTan;qøgKy undivided profits R)ak;cMeNjminEbgEck uncontrollable expenses cMNayRKb; undoubted edaytsgS½y RKgmin)an unearmarked fund mUlniFiKµanélTuk uncrossed/open cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt edayELk KµanqUt unearned fees kMérminTan;rk)an undated KµancuHéf¶Ex/ ~ bond b½NÑTTYl unemployed adj. & n. 1> Gt;kareFVI sÁal;bMNulKµankalkMNt; 2> GñkGt;kareFVI/ nikmµCn undercoverage (insurance) karFana unemployment PaBGt;kareFVI/ nikmµPaB/ r:ab;rgdNþþb;minsBV seasonal ~ nikmµPaBtamrdUv/ temporary ~ undercut v. lk;efakCag nikmµkalik/ ~ benefit R)ak;]btßmÖcMeBaH underdeveloped countries nikmµPaB/ ~ rate GRtanikmµPaB RbeTsGn;fy/ RbeTsGnaPivDÆn_ unendorsed EdlKµanbBa¢ak;xagxñg underemployed 1> KµankargareFVIeBj unequal wealth distribution elj/ ~ capital TuneRbImin)aneBjelj r)ayvismFn 2> GñkKµankargareFVIeBjelj unexpected fall karFøak;cuHtrMBwgTuk underlease (see sublease) CYlbnþ unexpended balance smtulüminTan;cMNay undermanager bNÑaFikarrg unexpired cost (accounting) 96
Economic Lexicon Part 1 tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü unproductive assets RTBüskmµKµan unfair KµansmFm’/ minyutþiFm’ plitPaB unfavourable minGMeNaypl/ unqualified acceptance karTTYlRBm ~ conditions lkçxNÐminGMeNaypl edaytsMéc unfilled order b½NÑbBa¢aTijmin)anGnuvtþ unquestionable KµanGVIKYrq¶l; unfit for work EdleFVIkarminekIt unrecorded adj. min)ankt;Rta unforeseen adj. min)anRbemIleXIj/ unregistered Edlmin)ancuHbBa¢I tRBagTuk ¬cMNay¦ unremunerative adj. Kµan)anpl/ unfounded adj. KµanmUldæan KµancMeNj unification n. karbRgYbbRgYm/ ÉkPavUbnIykmµ unrestricted random sample unified rYmEtmYy/ ~ as one rYmKñaCaFøúgmYy KMrUtagécdnüKµankMNt; uniformity lkçN³ÉkPaB unsafe adj. KµansuvtßiPaB unify v. bRgYbbRgYm unserviceable adj. minGaceRbIR)as;)an unilateral ÉketaPaKI unsettled adj. minnwgn ¬FatuGakas¦/ min unincorporated mincUlCaRkumh‘un Tan;edaHRsay ¬vivaT¦/ minTan;sg ¬bMNul¦ unintentionally edayGectna unskilled adj. KµanCMnaj/ ~ labour unionisation karcUlshCIB BlkmµKµanCMnaj unit 1> Ékta/ ~ of analysis ÉktaviPaK/ unstable adj. KµansßirPaB ~ of account ÉktaKit/ ~ price/rate unstratified sampling karykKMrUtag éføÉkta 2> GgÁPaB KµanRsTab; united rYbrYmKña unsuccessful adj. min)aneCaKC½y unknown (factor, quantity...) GBaØat unsuitable adj. minsmRsb unlawful elµIsc,ab;/ ~ means meFüa)ay untied aid CMnYytcMNg elµIsc,ab; up and down eLIgehIycuH unlimited liability karTTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit up to date (information) adj. Tan;eBl unloading karerITMnij update v. eFVIbc©úb,nñPaB ¬kñúgÉksarxøH unmarketable, unmerchantable eFVIcrnþkar¦ Edllk; minecj¼mindac; upgrade v. tMelIg smtßPaB¼KuNPaB/ unpaid (cheque) ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦minTUTat; eFVI[RbesIr unpaid balance smtulüminTan;TUTat; upheaval karvwkvr/ claclxøaMg unpaid capital TunminTan;)anbg; upkeep (expenses) cMNayEfTaM 97
Economic Lexicon Part 1 upper credit tranche PaKNTanxagelI valuables n. vtßúmantMél upward tendency ninñakareLIg valuation ekaslvic½y/ karkMNt;tMél urbanisation nKrUbnIykmµ/ Ministry of value added (VA) tMélbEnßm Land Management, Urbanisation and value added tax (VAT) GakrelItMél Construction RksYgerobcMEdndI bEnßm ¬Gtb¦ nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; value date éf¶KitkarR)ak; urgent bnÞan;/ ~ needs tMrUvkarbnÞan; value n. & v. 1> tMél 2> vaytMél useful life (accounting) GayukaleRbI value, declared tMél)an Rbkas¼ R)as; ¬énRTBüskmµ¦ raykarN_¼RbtievTn_ variable n. & adj. 1> Gefr 2> ERbRbYl user costs bnÞúkcMNaycMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as; variance (statistics) v:arIy:g; ¬kñúgkareRbIR)as;GVImYy dUcCa fñl;>>>¦ variation bMErbMrYl/ karERbRbYl usual supplier m:UypÁt;pÁg;CaRbcaM vault cash sac;R)ak;kñúgXøaMg usurer RBwT§ikr ¬GñkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ vehicle yan/ motor ~ yanynþ usury RBwT§ikmµ ¬karykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ velocity of circulation el,Ón ¬én¦ utensil Rbdab;RbdareRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH ¬BiesskñúgpÞH)ay¦ cracr velocity of money el,ÓncracrrUbiyvtßú utilities karpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ vendee GñkTij utility company Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ vendor Gñklk; ¬Rkumh‘un Twk ePøIg esvakmµsMxan;² sMrab; verbal (widely used in error for “oral”) saFarN³Cn¦ pÞal;mat;/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBog pÞal;mat;/ ~ warning karRBmanpÞal;mat; verbally (used in error for “orally”) V, v edaypÞal;mat; vertical bBaÄr/ ~ programme kmµviFIbBaÄr vacancy kEnøg¬eFIVkar¦TMenr ~ communication karR)aRs½yTak;Tgtam vaccine fñaMbgáar validate v. pþl;suBlPaB/ bBa¢ak;faBit ExSbBaÄr/ ~ integration smahrNkmµbBaÄr validity suBlPaB/ PaBmantMél/ ry³kal ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ vested interest plRbeyaCn_cak;b£s mantMél veteran (soldier) GtItyuT§Cn valorem (see ad valorem) viability PaBGacrs;)an valuable goods TMnijmantMél vibration rMj½r 98
Economic Lexicon Part 1 vicious circle n. GnÞak;vilvg; ¬Gt;Rckecj¦ voucher sMeNA/ b½NÑtMNagR)ak;/ b½NÑcMnay vicious cycle n. GnÞak;Cavdþ vulnerability PaBgayrgeRKaH video vIedGU video CD suIDI vIedGU view TsSn³/ karyl;eXIj W, w village development committee (VDC) KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi wage ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMér/ R)ak;QñÜl/ ~ rise violate v. rMelaP ¬c,ab;>>>¦ (US: raise) eLIgebovtSr_/ ~ and price violence higSa/ GMeBIhigSa controls karRtYtBinitüebovtSr_nigéfø/ ~ virtue KuNFm’ earner GñkeFVIkarykebovtSr_/ Ptikar/ ~ visible adj. ¬Gac¦emIleXIj/ ~ trade freeze karbgákebovtSr_ ¬mineGaycuHeLIg¦/ BaNiC¢kmµrUbI ~ indexation kardak;snÞsSn_ebovtSr_ vision ckçúvis½y ¬pSarP¢ab;nwgGRtakMeNIncMNayRTRTg;CIvPaB¦/ visual control karRtYtBinitüedayeRbIEPñk ~ scale taragkaMebovtSr_/ ~ work vocation ]bnisS½y/ to have a ~ for kargarsuIR)ak;kMér man]bnisS½ykñúgkar>>> waive v. lHbg;siT§i ¬]> edIm,IeFVIkartva:¦/ vocational training karbNþúHbNþal ~ tax eGayrYcBn§ viC¢aCIIv³/ ~ center mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþal waiver n. 1> karlHbg;siT§i/ karelIkElg viC¢aCIv³¼]bnisS½y 2> Éksar lHbg;siT§i¼elIkElg void adj. emaX³/ null and ~ emaX³ warehouse XøaMg/ PNÐaKar volume of exports (or imports) warehouseman qµaMXøaMg brimaNTMnijnaMecj ¬rWnaMcUl¦ warehousing karTukdak;TMnijkñúgXøaMg voluntary adj. edaysµ½RKcitþ/ ~ restriction/ warning karRBman/ kardas;etOn limitation kardak;kMrit¼kMhit edaysµ½RKcitþ warrant 1> dIka 2> b½NÑGnuBaØat/ ~ of vote kare)aHeqñat/ ~ of confidence kar attorney lixitepÞrsiT§i e)aHeqñatTukcitþ/ kare)aHeqñatsMEdgkarTukcitþ warrantee GñkTTYl)ankarFana vote-counting station warrantor GñkFana kariyal½yrab;snøwkeqñat warranty karFana voter registration station kariyal½y war-risk insurance karFanar:ab;rg cuHeQµaHGñke)aHeqñat haniP½ybgáedays®gÁam voting right siT§ie)aHeqñat wastage karx¢Hx¢ay 99
Economic Lexicon Part 1 waste kaksMNl;/ liquid ~ kaksMNl;rav/ work kargar/ GVIEdleFVI)an/ sñaéd/ ~ in solid ~ kaksMNl;rwg progress (WIP) kMBugplit ¬RTBükMBug watershed TICMral plit KWtMéleFVI)anenAcugRKa¦ waterways pøÚvTwk work out v. KNna weak market pSarexSay ¬minsUvmanGñkTij¦ work v. eFVIkar/ ~ full time eFVIkareBj wear and tear karswkric em:ag/ ~ overtime eFVIkarem:agbEnßm/ weighted average mFümPaKsmta ~ part time eFVIkarmineBjem:ag welfare state rdæmanKitKUreRcInxagsgÁmkic©/ work, art sñaédsil,³ suxevTn_RbeTs worker 1> Blkr 2> kmµkr well GNþÚg/ drilled ~ GNþÚgxYg/ ring ~ workforce kMlaMgBlkmµ ¬BlkrTMagGs; GNþÚgdak;lU kñúgkariyal½y rW eragcRk¦ wetlands dIesIm ¬dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenøI¦ working capital TunbgVil/ Tuncl½t white book esovePAs working condition lkçxNÐkargar white-collar worker nieyaCit/ buKÁlik working day éf¶eFVIkar kariyal½y working group Rkumkargar whole TaMgmUl/ TaMgGs; working paper ÉksarBiPakSa wholesale karlk;dMu/ ~ price éfølk;dMu/ ¬r)aykarN_sikSaRsavRCavBIerOgGVImYy¦ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµlk;dMu workman kmµkr wholesaler Gñklk;dMu work-related illness CMgWbNþalBIkargar wildlife stVéRB/ ~ sanctuary EdnCMrkstVéRB workshop 1> eragCag/ 2> sikçasala/ will 1> qnÞ³ 2> mrtksasn_ vKÁGnuvtþ wilful damage karxUcxatbgáeLIgeday writ dIkabgÁab; ¬tulakar¦ ectna write down v. kt;RtabBaú©HtMélRTBüskmµ windfall profit cMeNjPøam²trMBwgTuk ¬kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦ winding up 1> karrMlay ¬Rkumh‘un¦ write v. off a debt lubbMNul ¬ecjBIbBa¢I¦ 2> karCMrHbBa¢I write-back (of provisions...) winner GñkQñH/ C½ylaPI karykvijnUv ¬sMviFanFn>>> kñúgKNenyü¦ withdraw v. dk/ dkxøÜn/ ~ an order lubecal written, in writing CalaylkçN_GkSr karbBa¢aTij/ ~ money dkR)ak; ¬BIKNnI¦ withholding tax Bn§kat;Tuk/ ~ payable Bn§kat;TukRtUvbg; 100
Economic Lexicon Part 1 Y, y yardstick xñat year (fiscal, financial...) qñaM/ kariybriecäT ¬sareBIBn§/ hirBaØvtßú>>>¦ year on year qñaMelIqñaM/ BImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM/ ~ change bMErbMrYlqñaMelIqñaM ¬bMErbMrYleFob nwgeBldUcKñaénqñaMmun¦ yield Tinñpl young people RbCaCnv½yekµg/ RsTab;yuvv½y Z, z zero population growth (ZPG) kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUnü zone tMbn;/ hSÚn/ core ~ tMbn;sñÚl/ buffer ~ tMbn;RTnab;/ inter ~ GnþrtMbn; zoning karEbgEcktMbn; 101

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វចនានុក្រមបច្ចេកទេស ១​

  • 1.
    sTÞanuRkmesdækic© Economic Lexicon PaKTI 1³ Gg;eKøs - Exµr Part One: English – Khmer PaKTI 2³ Exµr - Gg;eKøs Part Two: Khmer – English erobcMeday Epñke)aHBum<pSay én viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa Cambodia Development Resource Institute PMñeBj/ tula 2006
  • 2.
    Economic Lexicon Copyright ©2006 Cambodia Development Resource Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of the Cambodia Development Resource Institute. ISBN 99950-52-00-8 Cambodia Development Resource Institute 56 Street 315, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh PO Box 622, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603 (855-23) 880-734 e-mail: cdri@camnet.com.kh website: http://www.cdri.org.kh Editing: Publishing Team Design and Layout: Em Sorany and Oum Chantha Printed and bound in Cambodia by JSRC Printing House
  • 3.
    Foreword I am pleasedto introduce a new edition of CDRI’s Economic Lexicon, an English- Khmer and Khmer-English guide to technical terms in economics and related fields such as accounting, banking, finance, and development. CDRI's recent experience in publishing, and contributing to a range of publications, conferences, seminars and workshops, has shown that there is a real need for such a resource to assist stakeholders in Cambodia's development to use more standard and easily understood terms in Khmer and English when writing about development issues. Our new 2006-10 Strategic Plan includes a commitment to produce research products that are more flexible and appropriate for Cambodia. This new edition of the Economic Lexicon is an expression of that commitment. We hope that it will help promote the expansion of development material originally written in Khmer, and the quality of translation from English material into Khmer. The lexicon is in two parts. Part 1: The English-Khmer Lexicon, is a revision and expansion of the last edition published in 1995. Over the past 10 years there have been many developments in technical language. This is especially true for the Khmer language, where many new words have been created and many others have changed their meaning or become more specific. Also, many more technical Khmer documents are being produced by various institutions taking different approaches to the use of language. CDRI, like many other institutions, publishes technical and policy documents on a wide range of development-related topics. Wherever possible, CDRI's editorial team makes great efforts to use words that are already in use in official documents and to refrain from creating new words. This is not always easy as official documents may use different Khmer words to express the same meaning, so choices have to be made as to what would be the most commonly understood word or term. Sometimes a new word or term needs to be used for a new concept which -i-
  • 4.
    does not yethave a specific translation in Khmer. Wherever possible a combination of simple words is used to express any new idea or concept. Part II, The Khmer-English Lexicon, is new. It has been compiled in response to requests from many of our readers who may have some difficulty with Khmer technical terms, especially new ones. Where there is no exact equivalent, this lexicon provides the nearest translation. It does not contain a detailed explanation for each word, and the reader is advised to use the English word to further research its meaning. The reason the lexicon contains many headwords of Pali or Sanskrit origin is that their meaning is not immediately obvious to the general public. Wherever any one particular word is not very much in use, the reader is referred to another word more frequently used or more readily understandable. Extensive research and the opinions of many people have gone into the compilation of this lexicon. CDRI would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this final product. We hope this lexicon will serve as a tool to help readers to make better use of both CDRI publications and the broader development literature. We see the lexicon as a continuous ''work in progress' so would welcome any comments or suggestion from readers to help improve and expand on the current edition. Larry Strange Executive Director CDRI October 2006 -ii-
  • 5.
    buBVkfa ´manesckþIrIkraysUmENnaMbgðajCUnnUv sTÞanuRkmecjpSayfµIeday vbsG EdlCa bNþúMBakübkERb Gg;eKøs-Exµr nig Exµr-Gg;eKøs kñúgvis½yCMnajbec©keTsCaeRcIn dUcCaxag KNenyü FnaKar hirBaØvtßú nigkarGPivDÆn_CaedIm . bTBiesaFn_naeBlfµI²rbs; vbsG kñúgkar e)aHBum<pSay nigkarcUlrYmeFVIGtßbTpSBVpSaysnñisIT sikçasala )anbgðajfa ÉksarEbbenH mantMrUvkareRcIn sMrab;CYydl;mCÄdæanGñkBak;B½n§nwgkargarGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa kñúgkareRbIR)as; BaküExµr nigGg;eKøs [)anÉkPaBKña niggayyl; enAeBlsresrGtßbTBIbBaðaGPivDÆn_ . enAkñúgEpnkaryuT§saRsþ vbsG qñaM2006-10 manEcgBIkartaMgcitþksagplitplRsavRCavEdl smRsbsMrab;RbeTskm<úCa . sTÞanuRkmenH KWCalT§plmYyénkartaMgcitþenH ehIysgÇwmfa nwg GacCYyCMrujkarsresrGtßbTedIm CaPasaExµrEtmþg RBmTaMgCYybegáInKuNPaBkarbkERb ÉksarGg;eKøsCaPasaExµr . snÞanuRkmenHmanEbgEckecjCaBIrPaK . PaK1 KWCasnÞanuRkmGg;eKøs-Exµr EdlCa ÉksarBRgIkbEnßm elIsnÞanuRkme)aHBum<pSayelIkTI2 eday vbsG enAqñaM1995 . kñúgry³eBl 10qñaMknøgmk BaküeBcn_bec©keTsmankarvivtþn_Evgq¶ayNas; . edayELkenAkñúgPasaExµr man karbegáItBaküfµICaeRcIn nigmanBaküBImunCaeRcIneTotEdl)anERbRbYln½y rWk¾mann½ykan;EtCak; lak;EfmeTot . mü:ageTot sßab½nnanak¾ksag ÉksarCaPasaExµr)aneRcInNas;Edr edayman EbbbTxus²KñakñúgkareRbIR)as;BaküeBcn_ . vbsG k¾dUcsßab½nÉeTotEdr )ane)aHBum<pSayÉksarbec©keTsmYycMnYnFM EdlBak;B½n§ nwgRbFanbTCaeRcIn . RkumGñkniBn§sTÞanuRkmenH )anxwtxMkt;RtaykBaküNaEdlmaneRbIrYc ehIyenAkñúgÉksarpøÚvkarnana nigeCosvagkarbegáItBaküfµI . b:uEnþviFIenHminGacGnuvtþ)anCab; rhUteT BIeRBaHmanÉksarpøÚvkarmYycMnYn)aneRbIBaküxusKñaedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIn½yEtmYydUcKña . dUecñH ehIy k¾RtUvmankareRCIserIsykBaküNaEdleKGacyl;n½y)anCaTUeTACag . CYnkaleTot BaküfµIRtUvEtbegáIteLIgedIm,IsMKal;Gtßn½ymYyEdlminTan;manBaküExµrsMrab;ehAy:agCak;lak; . kñúgkrNIEbbenH nigtamlT§PaBGaceFVIeTA)an KWEtgGnuvtþykBaküsamBaزmkpÁMúKña edIm,IbegáIt CaBakümann½yfµImYyeTot . -iii-
  • 6.
    PaK2³ snÞanuRkm Exµr-Gg;eKøs³PaKenHKWCaÉksarcgRkgfµITaMgRsug edIm,IeqøIytbnwg sMNUmBrrbs;GñkGanCaeRcIn Edl)anCYbbBaðaxøH²Bak;B½n§nwgBakübec©keTsExµr CaBiess BaküfµI² . kñúgkrNIBMuGacrk)anBaküesµI snÞanuRkmenHmanpþl; BakübkERbEdlmann½yEk,rKña bMput . snÞanuRkmenHBMumanpþl;karBnül;n½ylMGitelIBakünImYy²eT b:uEnþGñkGanGaceRbIR)as; BaküGg;eKøs edIm,IeFVIkarRsavRCavn½ybEnßmeTot)an . mü:ageTot snÞanuRkmmankt;RtaBakü CaeRcInEdlmanb£sKl;ecjBI)alI rWsMRsáwt BIeRBaHmanGñkGanCaeRcInminGacyl;n½yrbs;va)an Pøam²eT . kñúgkrNIBaküNamYyminsUvmaneKeRbIR)as;snÞanuRkmmancuHBakümYyeTotEdlRkum GñkniBn§yl;famankareRbIR)as; jwkjab;Cag rWk¾Gacqab;yl;)anCag . snÞanuRkmenH)ancgRkgeLIg edaymankarRsavRCavy:agTUlMTUlay nigkarCYymtiBI GñkmancMeNHdwgCMnajCaeRcInnak; . vbsG sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;RKb;²KñaEdl)ancUlrYmcMENk CYyeRCamERCg[smiT§iplfµIenHelcecjCarUbrageLIg . vbsG sgÇwmfa snÞanuRkmenHkøayCa ]bkrN_mYyCYydl;GñkGannanakñúgkareRbIR)as;ÉksarepSg²rbs; vbsG RBmTaMgÉksarxag GPivDÆn_epSg²eTot . vbsG cat;TukÉksarenHCa {kargarbnþeTAmuxCanic©} ehIysUmsVaKmn_ RKb;mtieyabl;BIGñkGan edIm,IeFVIkarEklMG nigBRgIksTÞanuRkm[)aneCOnelOneTAmuxeTot . PñMeBj/ Extula qñaM2006 LarI e®sþn© naykRbtibtþi vbsG -iv-
  • 7.
    PaKTI 1 Gg;eKøs-Exµr Part One: English–Khmer Part One: English–Khmer
  • 9.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 abuse of trust karrMelaPesckþITukcitþ A, a abuse of process karbMBanelInItiviFI accelerate v. BenøÓn a posteriori kñúgbcäakal accelerated depreciation method abacus n. k,ac; ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab; viFIKitrMls;bgçM Kitelx¦ accept (a bill of exchange) TTYlRBm abandonment of a trade (occupation) ¬rUbiyaNtþi>>>¦ kare)aHbg;muxCMnYjGVImYy accept deposit v. TTYl R)ak;beBaØI¼R)ak; abatement karbnßy ¬éfø/ Bn§>>>¦ tMkl; aberration karXøatBIsPaBFmµta/ acceptance karTTYlRBm/ notification of kMritxusKña/ karP½nþRcLM ~ lixitCUndMNwgkarTTYlRBm/ present a bill abeyance karp¥ak/ goods in ~ TMnijKµan for ~ bgðajrUbiyaNtþiedIm,IsMukarbBa¢ak; GñkTTYl TTYlsÁal;/ ~ in full karTTYlRBmTaMgRsug abide v. eKarB/ eFVItam/ ~ by a promise acceptance certificate viBaØabnb½Rt kan;Baküsnüa TTYlRBm abolish v. lubecal access 1> lT§PaB)aneRbIR)as; above-mentioned dUcmanEcgxagelI 2> lT§PaB¼pøÚv eTAdl; abrogate v. TukCanarakrN_ accessible price éføEdlGacTijdUr)an absolute acceptance karTTYlRBmTaMg accession n. 1> ])aKmn_ ¬kar)anCa Rsug kmµsiT§inUvvtßúrNb¦ 2> karcUlCasmaCik absolute advantage ]tþmPaBdac;xat accident insurance absolute majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn karFanar:ab;rgelIeRKaHfñak; dac;xat ¬CagBak;kNþaléncMnYnGñkmke)aH acclimate v. pSa‘¿nwgGakasFatufµI eqñat¦ accord karRBmeRBog absolute poverty PaBRkIRkCak;Esþg/ accordance karGnuBaØateGay/ in ~ with PaBRkIRkdac;xat edayGnuelameTAtam absolute (total) loss kMhatsrubsuT§ account KNnI absorption karRsUbcUl/ karbBa©ÚlCasaxa account amended KNnI)anEksMrYl absorptive capacity smtßPaBRsUbyk account book esovePAKNnI abstain Gnub,vaT account currency rUbiyvtßúTUTat; abstract n. & v. 1> sMrg;GtßbT 2> eFVI account day éf¶TUTat; GrUbIykmµ 1
  • 10.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 account holder m©as;KNnI accrued (interest/rent...) income account payable KNnIRtUvsg cMNUl ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm account payee only sMrab;EtsgcUlKNnI accrued interest karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm account receivable KNnIRtUvTar/ KNnI accumulate bgÁrTuk/ smac½y/ bUkRtYt/ GtifiCn accumulated depreciation rMls;bgÁrTuk account, sales r)aykarN_lk;TMnij accuracy PaBCak;lak;/ PaBRtwmRtUv account, unit of ÉktaKit accused n. CnCab;ecaT account, domestic KNnIépÞkñúg acknowledge receipt (of a cheque...) account, expense KNnIcMNay TTYlsÁal;karTTYl ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt>>>¦ account, outstanding acknowledge v. TTYlsÁal; KNnIenAminTan;sg acknowledgment (of receipt) accountability KNenyüPaB ¬PaBTTYl esckþIbBa¢ak;fa)anTTYl xusRtUv¦/ to demand ~ from TamTar acquire v. eFVIlT§kmµ KNenyüPaBBI acquisition lT§kmµ/ kar)anmkCakmµsiT§i accountancy KNenyü (GB)/ KNenyükic© acquittance roll b½NÑsgR)ak; accountant KNenyükr/ chartered ~ or act of war ehtuekIteLIgedays®gÁam/ public ~ (US) KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; sßanPaBsßitkñúgs®gÁam accounting KNenyü (US)/ financial ~ acting chairman/woman RbFansþITI KNenyühirBaØvtßú/ tax ~ KNenyüBn§dar activate eFVIeGayskmµeT,Ig accounting analysis karviPaKKNenyü activity skmµPaB/ business ~ skmµPaB accounting cycle vdþKNenyü GaCIvkmµ accounting period RKaKNenyü/ actor tYGgÁ/ economic ~ tYGgÁesdækic© KNenyükal act of God RbFanskþi accounting plan bøg;KNenyü actual Cak;Esþg/ ~ delivery karRbKl; accounting price éføKNenyü Cak;Esþg/ ~ order karbBa¢aTijCak;Esþg accounting statement ad hoc committee KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic© r)aykarN_KNenyü ad valorem duty Bn§yktaméfø accounting system RbB½n§KNenyü ad valorem freight éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij accreditation karEtgtaMg/ karTTYlsÁal; addendum, law on c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm accredited party PaKITTYlsarNTan additional bEnßm/ ~ insurance karFana accrued (interest/rent...) expense r:ab;rgbEnßm/ ~ premium buBVlaPbEnßm cMNay ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm 2
  • 11.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 additional profit tax (APT) ¬svnakarEdlKUkþItTl;Kña¦ Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjbEnßm adverse minl¥/ minGMeNaypl/ ~ factor/ addressee GñkTTYl ¬lixit¦/ GñkEdlRtUvTTYl trade balance ktþa¼CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ adequate smlµm minGMeNaypl adjourn v. elIkvarkal/ p¥ak advertise v. pSayBaNiC¢kmµ adjudicate CMrHkþI advertisement, advertising adjusting entries (accounting) karpSayBaNiC¢kmµ elxnaEktMrUv advertising campaign yuT§nakarpSay adjustment kMENtMrUv/ ~ account KNnI BaNiC¢kmµ EktMrUv/ ~ factor (AF) ktþaEktMrUv/ ~ value advice note lixitCUnB½t’man/ lixitCUneyabl; tMélEktMrUv advice, collection lixitCUndMNwgkar administrative expenses cMNayrdæ)al RbmUlR)ak; administrative-economic entity advice, debit/credit Rbkas NBn§¼ GgÁPaBesdækic©rdæ)al NTan admissible evidence PsþútagRbevsnI/ advice, dispatch/shipment PsþútagTTYlyk)an /forwarding lixitCUndMNwgbBa¢ÚnTMnij adult eBjv½y/ ~ citizen RbCaBlrdæeBjv½y adviser (advisor) TIRbwkSa/ financial ~ advance buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIk[mun¦/ TIRbwkSahirBaØvtßú ~ deposit R)ak;kk;mun advising bank FnaKarCUndMNwg advance money R)ak;buerRbTan/ R)ak; advisory function muxgarpþl;eyabl; pþl;eGaymun advocacy karts‘Umti advance notice karpþl;dMNwgCamun affidavit lixitEføgsc©a ¬GHGagsc©PaB advance on documents buerRbTan cMeBaHmuxc,ab;¦ sMGagelIÉksar affiliated company (or associated advance on securities buerRbTaneday company) Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½n§/ Rkumh‘un manvtßúFana Bak;B½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag 50°¦ advance payment karTUTat;Camun affiliation, political ninñakarneya)ay advancement kareCOnelOneTAmux/ affinity n. Bn§úPaB/ ¬PaBdUcKña rW manTMnak; karrIkcMerIn TMngCamYyKña¦ advantage ]tþmPaB AFTA-ASEAN Free Trade Area adversary proceeding svnakarRbtibkS tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an 3
  • 12.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 after-tax income cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§ ~ coordination mechanism ynþkar aftercost cMNaybEnßm sMrbsMrYlCMnYy/ ~ programme kmµviFICMnYy age group RkumGayu air bill of lading b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas agency TIPñak;gar/ employment ~ kariyal½y air cargo/freightTMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH rkkargareGayeFIV/ pre-investment ~ TIPñak;gar air-consignment note b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas BintülT§PaB muneBlvinei yaK i airport tax Bn§RBlanynþehaH agenda rebobvar³/ kargarEdlRtUveFVI airway bill b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas agent Pñak;gar/ sole ~ tMNagpþac;mux alien CnbreTs agglomerate pþMúcUlKña alien act c,ab;sþIBICnbreTs aggregate GgÁpSM/ tYelxRbmUlpþúM/ ~ demand/ alienation karepÞrkmµsiT§i supply tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; srub alienator n samIbrivtþ/ Gñklk; rW epÞrsiT§i[eK aggregate, monetary xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú/ alimony R)ak;]btßmÖ ¬BIbþIeTARbBn§ rWBIRbBn§ rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs; eTAbþI/ eRkayeBlElgKña¦ aggregation karpþúM/ xn§b,aT/ karpÁúMGgÁpSM allegation karecaTRbkan;edaymin)an aggrieved person Gñkminsuxcitþ bgðajPsþútag agrarian éndIFøI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFøI allegiance (politics) karesµaHsµ½RK agrarian society sgÁmksikmµ allegiance, oath of sc©aRbNiFan agreed (price) ¬éfø¦ RBmeRBog alliance sm<½n§PaB agreement kic©RBmeRBog/ verbal ~ kic© all-in price éføsBVRKb; ¬TMnij/ Fanar:ab;rg/ ®BmeRBogpÞal;mat;/ ~ on the exchange of dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ goods kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIkarpøas;bþÚrTMnij/ ~ in allocate v. (fund) élEck/ eFVIviPaCn_/ principle kic©RBmeRBogCaeKalkarN_ allocated resources FnFanEdl)anélEck agribusiness ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ allocation 1> karélEck/ karviPaCn_/ agricultural product ksipl proportional ~ karélEcksmamaRt agriculture ksikmµ/ Ministry of 2> R)ak;viPaCn_ Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries allotment of shares karEbgEckPaKh‘un RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT allowance R)ak;]btßmÖ/ TayC¢Tan/ agro-industry ksi-]sSahkmµ depreciation ~ TayC¢Tan[dl;rMls;/ agronomist ekSRtviTU family ~ R)ak;]btßmÖRKÜsar/ make an ~ agronomy ekSRtsaRsþ/ ekSRtviTüa eFVIkarbBa©úHéføkñúgkarlk;eGayGñkTij aid CMnYy/ economic ~ CMnYyEpñkesdækic©/ ~ all-risks insurance/policy kar¼b½NÑ agreement kic©RBmeRBogpþl;CMnYy/ Fanara:b;rghaniP½yRKb;RbePT 4
  • 13.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 alteration karEk ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢I life ~ CIvFnlaP KNenyü>>> edayekaslub¼sresrRtYt>>>¦ annulment emaXkmµ/ karcat;TukCaGasasUnü alternative CMerIs¼meFüa)ayepSgeTot/ ~ antedate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/ cuHkalbriecäT technology bec©kviTüaEbbepSg ¬Gac GtItkal eRbICMnYs)an¦ anthropology mnusSsaRsþ/ nrviTüa amalgamation karbBa©Úl ¬Kña¦ anti- RbqaMg/ anti-personnel mine ambition karR)afñad¾elIslub/ mhicäta mInRbqaMgmnusS amelioration n. kareFIVeGayRbesIreT,Ig/ anticipated profit R)ak;cMeNjeRBogTuk suvuDÆikmµ anti-dumping karRbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚc amendment 1> viesaFnkmµ ¬c,ab;>>>¦/ éfø/ ~ duty Bn§RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø ~ of a contract viesaFnkmµkic©snüa/ anti-inflation measure/programme ~ advice lixitCUndMNwgsþIBIkarEksMrYl viFankar¼kmµviFI Tb;Tl;GtiprNa viesaFnkmµ 2> c,ab; b¤ maRtaénc,ab;Edl anti-trust law c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ RtUv)anEkERbehIy apellate court sala]T§rN_ amicable settlement dMeNaHRsay apparatus briFan/ bznP½NÐ RbkbedaykareyaKyl; ¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ appeal 1> bNþwgtv:a/ ]T§rN_ amnesty karelIkElgeTas 2> karGMBavnav amortisation of a debt ¬kar¦rMls;bMNul appliance eRKOgeRbIR)as; amount TwkR)ak;/ gross ~ TwkR)ak;dul/ applicant Gñkdak;BaküsMu ~ of invoice TwkR)ak;énvikáybRt applicant for a letter of credit amount past due TwkR)ak;hYskalkMNt;sg Gñkdak;BaküsMu¼GñkesñIsMu ebIksarNTan analysis karviPaK/ cost ~ karviPaKBIéføedIm/ ~ applied economics viTüasaRsþesdækic© of job requirements karviPaKtMrUvkarkargar apply v. ¬dak;¦ Gnuvtþ/ applied research analysis, discounted cash flow (DCF) karRsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvtþ karviPaKcracrsac;R)ak; appointed days, on naéf¶)ankMNt; analytical thinking KMnitviPaK appointment karEtgtaMg/ permanent ~ ancestor buBVCn to the rank of administrative agent ancillary services esvakmµbnÞab;bnSM kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiPñak;garrdæ)al annual RbcaMqñaM/ ~ budget KMeragfvikaRbcaMqñaM apportion v. EbgEck annualised adj. KitelImUldæanRbcaMqñaM apportionment bMENgEck annuity FnlaP/ R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqñaM/ appraisal karvaytémø 5
  • 14.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 appreciation 1> kareLIg éfø¼tMél area, free trade tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI 2> mUlvicar ¬karvaytMél¦ area-based frame eRKagelImUldæantMbn; 3> karTTYlsÁal;KuNPaB 4>GMNrKuN arid area tMbn;s¶ÜtEhg approach viFIsaRsþ arithmetic nBVnþ/ ~ mean mFümnBVnþ appropriate adj. smRsb/ ~ size TMhM arm’s length sale karlk;KµankareyaK smRsb/ ~ technology bec©kviTüasmRsb yl;Biess appropriation (financial) ¬R)ak;¦ viPaCn_ arrears bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg/ to be in ¬R)ak;élTukenAmçagsMrab;eKaledAedayELk¦ ~ yWty:avkñúgkarsgbMNul appropriation accounts KNnIcMNUl- art work sñaédsil,³ cMNay article of copartnership approval karyl;RBm/ on ~ etagman kic©snüacUlh‘un/ maRtashPaKkmµ karyl;RBm articles of association (GB) or by- approximately RbEhl/ RbmaN laws (US) lkçnþik³ aquaculture, aquatic culture varIvb,kmµ articles of incorporation (US) or aquatic product Clpl memorandum of association (GB) aquatic resources FnFanClpl GnusSarN³begIátRkumh‘un arable land dIGacdaMduH articulate v. bBa¢ak;CaBaküeBCn_ arbiter mCÄtþkr ¬GñkmanGMNac¼T§iBl as provided, as stated, set forth edIm,IeFVIkarkat;kþI³ ]> kñúgkic©karrdæ¦ dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦ arbitrage 1> mCÄtþkmµ 2> karepÞrTunBIpSar Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA) mYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an arbitrageur GñkepÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSar assembly line ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦ mYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér assessed taxes Bn§)ankMNt; arbitrary tamEtGMeBIcitþ assessment karvaytMél arbitration mCÄtþPaB/ mCÄtþvinicä½y/ assessor of taxes GñkkMNt;Bn§¼vayBn§ karkat;kþIedayGaCJakNþal/ ~ committee asset RTBüskmµ/ RTBüsm,tiþ/ current ~ KN³kmµkarmCÄtþkmµ RTBüskmµcrnþ/ foreign ~ RTBüskmµCa arbitrator mCÄtþkr ¬xagBaNiC¢kmµ¦ rUbiyb½NÑ ¬FnaKar¦/ RTBüenAbreTs, fixed architectural company Rkumh‘unsikSa (capital) ~ RTBüskmµCab;lab; ¬ÉksarxøH KMeragbøg; ehAfa GclnRTBü EdlRtUvnwgBakü architecture sßabtükmµ/ nimµabnkmµ immovable property), tangible ~ area unit ÉktatMbn; RTBürUbI/ frozen ~ RTBüp¥ib/ intangible ~ 6
  • 15.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 RTBüGrUbI/ financial ~ RTBühirBaØvtßú attorney 1> GaNtþiKahk ¬GñkTTYlGaNtþi¦ assign (property) epÞrsiT§ieRbIR)as;Gclnvtßú 2> tMNagkarBarkþI 3> emFavI assignable credit sarNTanGacepÞr)an attractive adj. Tak;Taj/ ~ prices assignee 1> Gnub,Tanik ¬GñkTTYlsiT§i¼ éføTak;TajGtifiCn RTBüsm,tþi¼karEtgtaMg ¦ auction karedjéfø 2> GñkTTYlsiT§iRbTan/ GaNtþiKahk auction sale karlk;edjéfø assignee in bankruptcy GñkRtUv)an audit n. & v. 1> svnkmµ/ external ~ cat;taMg[RKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþiGñkkS½yFn svnkmµBIxageRkA/ internal ~ svnkmµépÞkñúg assignor 1> Gnub,TayI ¬GñkepÞrRTBüsm,tþi/ 2> eFVIsvnkmµ ¬Binitü¼Eqk bBa¢IKNenyü¦ GñkeFVIkarcat;taMg¦ auditing svnkmµ/ National Auditing 2> GñkRbKl;siT§i/ GaNtþiTayk Authority GaCJaFrsvnkmµCati/ ~ procedures assimilation smankmµ ¬kareFVI[RCYtRCab¦ nItiviFIsvnkmµ assistance kar]btßmÖ/ CMnYy/ CMnYy]btßmÖ auditor svnkr ¬GñkRtYtBinitübBa¢I/ sñgkar assistant CMnYykar/ brivcäkarI/ ]bkarI KNenyü¦/ independent/external ~ assistant accountant KNenyükrCMnYykar svnkrÉkraCü auspices kar]btßmÖ/ under the ~ enAeRkam assistant manager Gñkcat;karrg associated company (see affiliated »vaT ¬sßab½n¦ austerity PaBt,itet,ót/ PaBtwgrwg/ tbkmµ company) Rkumh‘unBak;B½n§ autarchy GMNac¼RbeTskan;rbb pþac;kar association smaKm/ bar ~ KN³emFavI autarky sV½yaFibetyü/ esdækic©m©as;kar assurance 1> karFanar:ab;rg 2> PaBR)akdkñúgcitþ ¬KµankarsgS½y¦ xøÜnÉgpÞal;/ ¬minBwgEp¥kelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW at call, money kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTar CMnYyesdækic©¦ authentic deed/act lixityfaPUt ykvij)anPøam authenticate eFVInItüanukUlkmµ ¬bBa¢ak;faBit¦ at par, share PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenA authenticity yfaPaB pSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMélcuHelIsnøwkb½NÑPaKh‘un authorised bank FnaKarmankarGnuBaØat/ at sight draft rUbiyaNtþiRtUvsgR)ak;enA eBlbgðaj FnaKarRbtiRsuti authorised capital edImTuncuHbBa¢I at sight, to pay sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar authoritarianism GMNacniym ATM (automatic teller machine) authority siT§iGMNac/ GaCJaFr/ rdæGMNac m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ authorisation 1> esckþIGnuBaØat attitude riyabf 7
  • 16.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 2> lixitGnuBaØat authorised representative tMNagman siTRi§ bTan/ GaCJanukarI ¬tMNagmankarGnuBaØat¦ back out v. dkxøÜnecj/ ~ from a automatic teller machine (see ATM) contract dkxøÜnecjBIkic©snüa m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ back to back xñgTl;xñg/ ~ credit automatic drawing right NTanxñgTl;xñg siT§idkR)ak;sV½yRbvtþi back up v. KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT/ ~ a claim autonomous economic entity bBa¢ak;KaMRTkarGHGag GgÁPaBesdækic©sVy½t backbone infrastructure ehdæarcna autonomous enterprise shRKassVy½t sm<½n§q¥wgxñg ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§eKal¦ autonomy sV½yPaB/ sVy½tPaB/ economic backdate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/ ~ sV½yPi)alesdækic© cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal average mFüm/ ~ annual growth rate backer GñkbeBa©jedImTun/ GñkKaMRT GRtakMeNInmFümRbcaMqñaM/ ~ cost tMél¼ background 1> Rbvtþi/ savta éføedIm mFüm 2> épÞxageRkay average collection period (ACP) backing, financial karKaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú ry³eBlRbmUlbMNulCamFüm backlog kargarenAKrminTan;eFVI avoidance, tax karecosvagBn§ backup eRtombMrug award n. & v. 1> esckIþsMercrbs;GaCJa backwardness PaBGn;fy kNþal 2> rgVan; 3> pþl;rgVan;[/ ~ a contract bad debt NeTyüTarmin)an ¬xUc¦/ RbKl;kic©snüa[ awareness kardwgsÁal;/ raise public ~ NeTyüBi)akTar ¬Cab;sgS½y¦ bMpuskaryl;dwgdl;saFarNCn bad faith GsT§a/ KMnitevocevr bad title b½NÐkmµsiT§iykCakarmin)an bad workmanship TwkédGn;/ kareFVImin B, b )anl¥ ¬plitpl¦ bail R)ak;Fana ¬]> R)ak;bg;[tulakaredIm,I[ baccalaureate (degree) CnCab;ecaT)anenAeRkAXMu¦/ ~ bond b½NÑFana ¬sBaØab½Rt¦mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi bail out v. 1> se®gÁaHRkumh‘unCYbkarlM)ak bachelor’s degree fñak;briBaØab½Rt xaghirBaØvtßú 2> bg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn back eRkay/ xageRkay/ ~ interest karR)ak; bailiff n. GaCJasala minTan;sg/ ~ a bill cuHhtßelxaFanaelI bail cover R)ak;Fana 8
  • 17.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 bailment karepJITuk ¬dak;TMnij[GñkepSg eTotsgR)ak;eTAbuKÁlNamñak;¦ kan;kab; b:uEnþGñkenaHBMuEmnCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT¦ bank financing hirBaØb,TanFnaKar bait n. nuy/ use money as ~ eRbIluyCanuy bank note RkdasR)ak; balance n. 1> tulüPaB 2> smtulü/ credit/ bank of deposit FnaKarTTYlR)ak;beBaØI debit ~ smtulü NTayI¼ Nayik/ closing bank reconciliation karepÞógpÞat;FnaKar ~ smtulücugRKa/ pay the ~ sgR)ak;CMBak;/ ¬GgÁPaBsamIepÞógbBa¢Irbs;xøÜneTAnwgRbkas positive ~ smtulü viC¢man/ ~ on goods and NBn§¼NTan rbs;FnaKar/ kargarenHEtg services smtulüTMnijnigesva eFVIenAcugEx¦ balance of payments CBa¢IgTUTat;/ bank reference TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar ~ deficit/surplus »nPaB¼Gtierk CBa¢IgTUTat; bank statement r)aykarN_¼Rbkas balance of trade CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ FnaKar/ sMrg;KNnIBIFnaKar balance sheet taragtulükar/ off- ~ bank transfer karepÞrR)ak;enAFnaKar items xÞg;eRkAtaragtulükar/ ~ date éf¶ bank v. dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar eFVItaragtulükar bank-credit guarantee scheme balance v. eFVIeGaymantulüPaB kmµviFIFanaNTanrbs;FnaKar balance v. an account bUksrubKNnI banker FnaKarik balance v. the budget eFVItulükarfvika banker’s draft (see bank draft) bale KIb/ eb ¬vtßúGVImYymancMnYneRcIndUcCa banking muxCMnYjFnaKar/ muxviC¢aFnaKar RkNat; Rkdas esµA>>> EdlcgCa dMu¼kNþab;¦ bankrupt kS½yFn/ FnkS½y/ niT§½n bank FnaKar/ central ~ FnaKarkNþal/ bankruptcy PaBkS½yFn/ niT§nPaB/ deposit money bank FnaKarTTYl discharge in ~ karrYcputBIkarkS½yFn R)ak;beBaØI/ national ~ FnaKarCati bar association KN³emFavI bank acceptance b½NÑTTYlRBmedayFnaKar barefoot doctor RKUeBTüCnbT bank account KNnIFnaKar bargain and sale kic©snüaTij-lk; bank book esovePAFnaKar/ esovePAepJI bargain v. téfø/ (free) collective R)ak;enAFnaKar bargaining karcrcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;QñÚl bank charge esah‘uyFnaKar rvagnieyaCit nignieyaCk bank clearing karTUTat;tamFnaKar barrier r)aMg/ ]bsKÁ/ customs/tariff ~ bank deposit R)ak;beBaØIenAFnaKar r)aMgBn§Ky/ lift trade ~ dkr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ/ bank draft rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar rW b½NÑFnaKar non-tariff ~s ( NTBs) r)aMgminEmnBn§Ky ¬lixitecjedayFnaKarbBa¢aeGayFnaKarmYy barrister emFavI ¬Gg;eKøs¦ 9
  • 18.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 barter karedaHdUrTMnijnigTMnij KµaneQµaH ¬elImUlb,Tanb½RtKµancuHeQµaH ¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijedaymineRbIluy¦ GñkRtUvebIkR)ak;eT KWfaGñkkan;mUlb,Tanb½Rt base mUldæan/ exOn/ ~ level of GacebIkR)ak;)an¦ consumption kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; bearer instrument/paper lixitUbkrN_ base rate GRtaeKal/ GRtamUldæan sMrab;Kahk base year qñaMeKal beginning inventory sareBIP½NÐedIm qñaM¼RKa baseline survey GegátCamUldæan behave v. kan;criya basic CamUldæan/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBog behaviour Gakb,kiriya CamUldæan/ ~ price éføeKal/ ~ research below cost TabCagéføedIm karRsavRCavCamUldæan benchmark kMriteKal/ ~ survey GegáteKal basic commodities plitplksikmµ benefactor ]bkarI ¬GñkTMnukbMrg/ Gñkp©gepþm¦ u ú I CamUldæan ¬ksiplFmµtaEdlpliteRcIn² beneficiary GñkTTYlpl/ GtßKahk dUcCaRsUv/ eBat>>>¦ benefit GtßRbeyaCn_/ R)ak;]btßmÖ/ medical basic discount GbhareKal ¬Gbhar ~ R)ak;]btßmÖéføBüa)al FmµtaedayKµanbEnßmPaKryGVIeTot¦ benefit-cost ratio basic human needs (BHN) tMrUvkarCa smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay mUldæanrbs;mnusS bequeath v. eFVIGc©½yTanCaclnvtßú basic salary/wage ebovtSr_eKal bequest n. Gc©½yTanCaclnvtßú/ GMeNay ¬ebovtSr_FmµtaedayKµanbUkR)ak;bEnßm¦ tamry³mrtksasn_ basin (Mekong River) Gag ¬TenøemKgÁ¦ best interest ]tþmRbeyaCn_ basket n. k®nþk/ consumer ~ or best-seller esovePAlk;dac;bMput consumption ~ k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; biannual BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM/ ~ monitoring batch LÚt_ ¬GIv:an;EdlplitenAeBlEtmYy¦/ karXøaMemIlBIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM bias lMeGog ~ number elxLÚt_ bid v. & n. 1> edjéfø 2> karedjéfø BCC (business cooperation contract) bilateral eTVPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ bear Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij¼rUbiyvtßú Edl CMnYyeTVPaKI bill 1> vikáybRt 2> rUbiyaNtþi eCOfaGIv:an;eKnwgcuHéfø/ ~ market TIpSarEdl bill at sight vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg eKeCOfaGWv:an;nwgcuHéfø bear v. interest pþl;nUvkarR)ak; enAeBlbgðaj bill in transit vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi kMBugbBa¢Ún bearer Gñkkan;/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt 10
  • 19.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 bill of entry RbtievTn_Ky ¬lixitRbkas board of directors RkumRbwkSaPi)al bg;Bn§Ky¦ board of inquiry KN³kmµkaresuIbGegát bill of lading (B/L) GBaØtb½NÑ rW board of investment (BOI) GBaØtb½Rt/ lixitpÞúkTMnijnava/ b½NÑdwkCBa¢Ún RkumRbwkSavinieyaK TMnij/ direct ~ GBaØtb½NÑedaypÞal; board of management RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg bill payable vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg boat TUk/ Clyan/ ~ log book esovePA bill sent for collection skmµPaBClyan b½NÑepJI[RbmUlR)ak; body xøÜn ¬mnusS>>>¦/ tY ¬rfynþ>>>¦/ ~ of rules bill/letter of exchange rUbiyaNtþi/ lixitpøas;bþÚr and regulations GgÁc,ab; ¬nigbTb,BaØtþi¦ billion Ban;lan bona fide esµaHRtg;/ ~ purchaser bin tag pøakFug GñkTijesµaHRtg; bind v. cg/ mantMélGnuvtþ/ P¢ab;katBVkic© bond sBaØab½NÑ/ government/treasury ~ biodiversity CIv³cMruH b½NÑrtnaKar/ bearer ~ sBaØab½NÑKµaneQµaH/ biogas CIv]sµ½n goods (held) in ~ TMnijrkSaTukenAXøaMgKy biomass CIvm:as ¬rg;caMkarbg;Bn§¦/ mortgage ~ b½NÑniekçb biosphere reserve, Tonle Sap ¬b½NbNlmanvtßbBa©a¦/ take goods out of ÑM u ú M zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab ~ bg;Bn§elITMnijedIm,IGacykvaecjBIXøaMgKy/ birth certificate sMbuRtkMeNIt ~ yield TinñplsBaØab½NÑ ¬cMNUl)anBIsBaØab½NÑ birth rate GRtakMeNIt/ GRtaRbsUtikmµ KitCaPaKryénéføTijsBaØab½NѦ birth spacing karBnüakMeNIt bonded warehouse XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb; black market pSarggwt/ ~ price éføpSarggwt RKgedayPñak;garKy blacklist bBa¢IexµA bonus R)ak;bEnßm/ buBVlaP ¬]> R)ak;rgVan;¦/ blank enAs¥at/ minTan;sresr/ ~ cheque cost of living ~ R)ak;bEnßmsMrab;RTRTg; mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh ¬cuHhtßelxaehIy EtKµan CIvPaB/ incentive ~ R)ak;elIkTwkcitþ/ cuHTwkR)ak; rW eQµaHGñkTTYl¦ productivity ~ rgVan;plitkmµ blank endorsement carxñgcMh book of investment esovePAbnÞúkén block bøúk karvinieyaK block fund mUlniFipþúM book value (accounting) tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ blocked account KNnI bBaÄb;¼p¥ib tMélKNenyü ¬min[dkR)ak;ecj¦ bookkeeper Gñkkan;bBa¢I/ KNenyükr blue-collar union shCIBhtßkr 11
  • 20.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 bookkeeping karcuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ single brainstorming karBiPakSabMpusKMnit entry ~ karcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK/ double entry ~ branch (of a company) saxa ¬Rkumh‘un¦ karcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK brand sBaØa/ sBaØasMKal;/ rUb/ m:ak ¬TMnij¦ books of accounts bBa¢IKNenyü brand name eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ/ yIeha boom v. rIkduHdaly:agrh½s/ ~ industry breach of contract karelµIskic©snüa ]sSahkmµEdlrIkduHdalya:grh½s/ breach of discipline karelµIsvin½y booming sector vis½ykMBugrIkduHdal breakages GIv:an;)ak;Ebk ¬minrab;CaRTBü boost v. CMruj/ rujeLIg skmµeTenAeBleFVIsareBIP½NЦ booty C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþImrWbøn;BIeK¦/ break-even point cMNucrYcedIm GcäinRTBü breakthrough karTMlayPaBTal;Rck border price éføenARBMEdn bribe v. & n. 1> sUk borrow v. x©I¼sMux©I/ borrowed reserves 2> sMNUk/ take a ~ sIusMNUk R)ak;bMrug)anx©I ¬EdlFnaKarnana)anx©IBI bridging loan kMcIry³eBlxøI ¬sMrab;Tij FnaKarkNþal¦ pÞHfµI enAeBllk;pÞHcas;minTan;dac;¦ borrower Gñkx©I/ Nvnþ broadcast v. pSBVpSay ¬tamviTüú/ TUrTsSn_>>>¦ borrowings karx©Ibul brochure n. esovePAesþIg/ kUnesovePA boss n. bri)al/ ecAhVay/ GñkRtYtRta/ pSBVpSay bossy EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK broker eCIgsarCMnYj/ KYkeC BOT (build, operate, transfer) sagsg;- brokerage 1> kMéreCIgsar 2> kargareCIgsar GaCIvkmµ-epÞr brought forward (accounting) eyagmk botany n. PUtKamsaRsþ ¬karsikSaBIrukçCati¦ bring in (assets as investment) bottleneck PaBraMgsÞH/ PaBkkkuj eFVI]bharit/ ykcUl bottom out v. cuHTabbMput budget fvika/ ~ control karRtYtBinitü ¬RbEhlminGacFøak;cuHeToteT¦ fvika/ ~ credit NTanfvika/ ~ fund bottom-up BIeRkameLIgelI/ mUlniFifvika/ ~ prices éføTab² ~ development karGPivDÆn_BIeRkameLIgelI buffer RTnab;/ ~ zone tMbn;RTnab; bourgeois KhbtI buffer stock sþúksMrab;Tb;karERbRbYl ¬éfø/ bourgeoisie or middle class karpÁt;pÁg;>>¦/ ~ facility (BSF) vNѳKhbtI b¤ vNѳkNþal ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;snñiFi boycott Bhikar ¬karRbqaMgedayminRBmTij built-in stabilisers ktþaeFVIeGayman minRBmcUlrYm>>>¦ sßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi brain drain kar)at;bg;GñkmanCMnaj bulk buying karTijduM 12
  • 21.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 bulk order bBa¢aTijdMu by-product plitplbnÞab;bnSM/ nisSnÞvtßú bull Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij>>>EdleCOfa muxGIv:an;eKnwgeLIgéfø bull market TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéfø C, c bulletin 1> RBwtþib½Rt/ 2> esckþIRbkasCapøÚvkar ¬BIerOgsMxan;GVImYy¦ cabinet xuTÞkal½y/ political ~ KN³rdæm®nþI burden bnÞúk/ ~ of proof bnÞúkPsþútag/ tax cable transfer karepÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_ ~ bnÞúkBn§ cadastre surieyadI bureau kariyal½y/ employment ~ cadre Rkbx½NÐ/ public ~ Rkbx½NÐ kariyal½ykargar m®nþIraCkar/ ~ of administrative agent bureaucracy kariyaFibetyü Rkbx½NÐPñak;garrdæ)al bureaucrat kariyaelxanukar/ GñkeFVIkar calculus KNnaGtüaNU kariyal½y calendar RbtiTin/ ~ year qñaMRbtiTin business Furkic©/ GaCIvkmµ/ kic©karCMnYj/ call deposit R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ call loan/money NTanKµankalkMNt; karrksuI/ ~ card namb½NÑ ¬RtUvsgvijenAeBleKTar¦ business cooperation contract called-up capital mUlFn)anehA (BCC) kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ ¬)anbg;cUlRkumh‘unehIy¦ business format franchising campaign yuT§nakar/ sales ~ yuT§nakarlk;drU karpþl;siT§ieGayrksIupþac;muxtamEbbbTeK cancel v. lubecal/ ~ an entry bdiesF business licence tax ¬Bn§¦ )a:tg; elxna ¬KNenyü¦/ ~ an order lubecal business name namkrN_GaCIvkmµ karbBa¢aTij business undertaking kareFVIkic©karCMnYj cancellation karlubecal businessman/woman GaCIvkr/ FurCn canvass 1> sÞabsÞg; ¬mti¦ buy v. Tij/ ~ back Tijykvij/ ~ time 2> eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT BnüaeGay)anyUr capability smtßPaB ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ buyer’s price éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij capacity 1> smtßPaB/ earning ~ buying order karbBa¢aTij smtßPaBrkR)ak;/ in a legal ~ kñúgsmtßPaB buying power GMNacTij tampøÚvc,ab;/ load-carrying ~ smtßPaBpÞúk by-election kare)aHeqñateLIgvij ¬GIv:an;¦/ production ~ smtßPaBplit bylaws (see also articles of association) 2> cMNuH c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦/ bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg 13
  • 22.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 capital mUlFn/ Tun/ authorised ~mUlFn mUlFnRbkbkar Edl)anGnuBaØat/ paid in ~ mUlFnEdl capitalism mUlFnniym )anbg;/ ~ accumulation smac½yTun capitalist mUlFnik/ nayTun capital account KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capitalisation mUlFnPavUnIykmµ capital adequacy ratio smaPaKsm capitalise v. eqøótykcMeNj/ qk;»kas/ lµménmUlFn mUlFnkmµ capital amortisation rMls;mUlFn captive market TIpSarpþac;mux capital asset RTBümUlFn/ RTBüskmµCab;lab; card b½NÐ/ sMbuRt/ business ~ namb½NÑ capital assistance kar]btßmÖTun ¬GaCIvkmµ¦/ cash ~ b½NÑsac;R)ak;/ cheque ~ capital contributor GñkcUlh‘un/ PaKTunik³ mUlb,Tanb½NÑ/ credit ~ b½NÑNTan/ capital endowment edImTunEdlRtUvbg; identity ~ GtþsBaØaNb½NÑ capital expenditure/investment/ career GaCIB outlay cMNayelIRTBümUlFn/ vinieyaK caretaker (of a motor vehicle) Gñkkan; capital expense cMNayCamUlFn kab;EfTaM ¬]> yanynþ¦/ ~ government capital gains (accounting) tMélelIs rdæaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNþaHGasnñ capital goods TMnij mUlFn¼CaTun cargo navaPNÐ/ TMnijdwktamnava/ nava ¬TMnijsMrab;plitTMnijepSg²eTot¦ ¬dwkTMnij¦/ ~ documents ÉksarsMrab; capital intensive RbBlvb,kmµedImTun kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij ¬EdleRbITun¼m:asIuneRcIn¦ cargo list bBa¢ITMnijdwkCBa¢Ún capital levy Bn§elIRTBübuKÁl cargo outturn report r)aykarN_erITMnij capital loss (accounting) tMélxVH carriage forward éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;eday capital market pSarTun GñkTTYl capital movement clnaTun/ karepÞrTun carriage paid éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI capital productivity plitPaBénTun carried forward (accounting) eyageTA capital reserves TunbMrug ¬]> eyageTATMB½rmYyeTotnUvtYelxbUksrubcug capital revenue cMNUlCamUlFn snøwkbBa¢IKNenyü¦ capital, authorised TunGtibrimaEdlRtUv carrying value (accounting) )anGnuBaØat[manenAkñúgRkumh‘un/ TuncuHbBa¢I tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü capital, frozen mUlFnpw¥b cartel n. karEtl/ shRkumh‘un capital, risk (venture capital) case study karsikSakrNI ¬rW krNIsikSa¦ TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; cash 1> ebLa ¬RkdasR)ak; + R)ak;kak;¦ capital, working TunbgVil/ 2> sac;R)ak; ¬ebLa + FnaKar¦/ ~ substitute 14
  • 23.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 CMnYssac;R)ak; 3> rtnvtßú ¬KNenyü¦ cash reserves sac;R)ak;bMrug cash account 1>KNnIebLa 2>KNnIrtnvtßú cash voucher b½NÑcMNayebLa cash advance R)ak;buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkmun¦ cash with order (CWO) bg;R)ak;eBl cash against document (CAD) bBa¢aTij RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlÉksar cash-disbursement book esovePA cash book (CB) n. bBa¢IR)ak;ecjcUl cMNayR)ak; cash budget EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cashier ebLakr/ ebLaFikar cash credit NTansac;R)ak; cash-receipt book esovePAcMNUlR)ak; cash crop dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; casting vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB cash discount karlk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Ca ¬e)aHeqñat¦ sac;R)ak; casual labourer BlkrGENþt cash down sale karlk;ykR)ak;Pøam ¬ry³eBlxøI¦ ¬Casac;R)ak; rW mUlb,Tanb½Rt b:uEnþminyk casualty at sea mhnþrayenAsmuRT b½NÑNTaneT¦ cataclysm n. mhavinas cash economy esdækic©eRbIR)ak;kas catalogue kataLúk ¬esovePAbgðaj rUb¼vtßú cash flow lMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ analysis epSg²¦ karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ statement catalyst katalIkr/ ~ role tYnaTICakatalIkr r)aykarN_lMhUrsac;R)ak; ¬bnSúI/ CMruj¦ cash in on eqøótykcMeNjBIelI catchment area EdnrgTwkePøóg cash in hand (GB), cash on hand catalyse v. bnSúI ¬Kña¦/ BenøÓn (US) sac;R)ak;kñúg ebLa¼éd/ ebLa categorisation of goods karkMNt; cash in/with bank sac;R)ak;enAFnaKar RbePTTMnij cash on delivery (COD) RbKl;TMnij category RbePT/ BYk/ Epñk RbKl;R)ak;/ bg;R)ak;eBlTTYlTMnij causal sehtu ¬EdlR)ab;BIkarTak;Tgehtu cash over and short R)ak;elIsxVH nigpl¦ ¬bnþicbnþÜckñúgebLa¦ CD-ROM suIDIr:m cash paid book esovePAsgR)ak; ceiling price éføGtibrma/ éføx<s;bMput cash price éfølk; ¬efak¦ Kittamkarbg; celebrity n. Gñkl,IeQµaH Casac;R)ak; census 1> karCMerOn ¬RbCaCn¦/ cash rebate cMnYncuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Ca ~ sample KMrUtagCMerOn/ 15
  • 24.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 2> r)ab; ¬karrab;¦ chairman RbFan/ ~ of the meeting census-enumeration area tMbn;rab; RbFanGgÁRbCMu/ GFibtI bBa©ÚlCMerOn challenge bBaðaRbQm central kNþal/ mCÄwm/ ~ administration chamber of commerce sPaBaNiC¢kmµ rdæ)al mCÄwm¼kNþal chance of selection P½BVénCMerIs central bank FnaKarkNþal change 1> bMErbMrYl/ karpøas;bþÚr/ sm,rivtþn_/ centralisation mCÄkar 2> R)ak;Gab;/ ~ fund R)ak;Gab; centralised eFVImCÄkar/ ~ economy channel Rck esdækic©mCÄkar/ ~ record kMNt;RtamCÄkar/ chaos PaBRcbUkRcbl; ~ system RbB½n§mCÄkar chapter CMBUk centrally planned economy esdækic© character crit EpnkarRbmUlpþúM charge bnÞúk/ bnÞúkcMNay/ éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦ ceramics kulalPaCn_/ ceramic product charge v. a commission ykkMéreCIgsar plitplkulalPaCn_ charge/credit account KNnIeCO certificate viBaØabnb½Rt/ ~ of approval ¬GtifiCnGacykrbs;EdlxøÜnTij edaybg; lixitGnuBaØat/ ~ of processing viBaØabnb½Rt R)ak;TUTat;smtulüKNnIenAéf¶eRkay¦ bBa¢ak;plitkmµ/ ~ of deposit viBaØabnb½Rt charges, overhead bnÞúkcMNayTUeTA beBaØI¼ epJIR)ak;/ ~ of origin viBaØabnb½Rt charity sb,úrsFm’/ kuslkic© RbPBedImTMnij/ ~ of quality viBaØabnb½Rt chart tarag/ KMnUssißti/ EpnTI/ BinÞúerxIy/ bøg;/ bBa¢ak;KuNPaB/ ~ of quarantine viBaØabnb½Rt organisation ~ GgÁkarelx/ sale ~ KMnUs BinitüeraKqøg/ ~ of registration viBaØabnb½Rt taglk;/ ~ of accounts taragKNnI/ ~ of Gnusidæ/ ~ of weight viBaØabnb½RtTMgn; general accounting bøg;KNenyüTUeTA certified cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rtr:ab;rg charter 1> FmµnuBaØ 2> lkçnþik³ (US) edayFnaKar rWmUlb,TanbR½tFanacMNay charter plane ynþehaHCYldwkBiess certified public accountant (US) ¬eCIgehaHehIrmineTogTat;¦ KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; chattel mortgage (US) karbBa©aMRTBü cessation karQb;/ ~ of business sm,tþipÞal;xøÜn karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ check karRtYtemIl/ karEqkeqr/ ]bsKÁ/ cession n. Gnub,Tan/ karRbKl;eGay karbg¥g;/ put a ~ on imports bg¥g;karnaMcUl ¬]> kat;eGayeTAm©as;bMNul¦ check v. the accounts BinitüKNnI ceteris paribus (other things being checkoff RbB½n§kat;R)ak;dak;shCIBeday equal) GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl nieyaCk 16
  • 25.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 checks and balances karRtYtemIl nig circulation cracr/ ~ of capital cracr¼ føwgGMNac karbgVil Tun/ ~ of goods cracrTMnij cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt/ bouncing/dud/ citizen Blrdæ rubber ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtKµanR)ak; ¬RKb;RKan; civics viC¢anaTIBlrdæ/ elaknIti kñúgKNnI¦/ blank ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh/ cash civil suIvil/ ~ disobedience karbdiesF a ~ ebIkR)ak;elImUlb,Tanb½Rt/ crossed ~ c,ab;rdæ/ ~ law c,ab;rdæb,evNI/ ~ liberty mUlb,TanbR½tqUt ¬eRbIsMrab;EtbBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúg esrIPaBénBlrdæ/ ~ servant m®nþIraCkarsuIvil KNnI¦/ dishonoured ~ mUlb,TanbR½tKµan ¬tamFmµtaminrab;bBa©ÚlTahaneT¦/ R)ak;kñúgKNnI/ traveller’s ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt ~ society sgÁmsuIvil eTscrN_¼eFVIdMeNIr/ open/ uncrossed ~ civil status GRtanukUldæan/ ~ book mUlb,TanbR½ttmanqUt ¬bBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúgKNnI esovePAGRtanukUldæan/ certificate of ~ k¾)an ebIkR)ak;k¾)an¦/ ~ book esovePA sMbuRtGRtanukUldæan mUlb,TanbR½t/ ~ to bearer mUlb,Tanb½Rt civilian n. & adj. 1> CnsuIvil KµaneQµaH/ ~ crossed specially mUlb,TanbR½t 2>énCnsuIvil qUtBiess ¬Ca mUlb,Tanb½RtEdlbBa¢ak;lGtMi claim 1> NeTyü ¬R)ak;eKCMBak;¦/ ~ on bEnßmnUvlkçxNÐ epSg²dUcCa eQµaHFnaKarrbs; the government NeTyüelIrdæaPi)al GñkTTYlCaedIm¦/ ~ stubs Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t/ 2> kar tv:a¼TamTar 3> karGHGag ~ voucher b½NÑcMNaymUlb,Tanb½Rt claim v. compensation TamTarsMNg chronic ruaMér:/ ~ unemployment PaBGt; karxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv kargareFVIraMuér: claimant GñkTamTar/ edImecaT chronological order tamlMdab;éf¶Ex/ clarify v. bMPøW lMdab;erogtamkal class 1> fñak;/ vNѳ/ social ~ vNѳsgÁm/ CIF (cost, insurance, freight) economy/business/first ~ fñak;eGkUnUmI¼ éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬fñak;ekAGIynþehaHdwk circular saracr GñkdMeNIr¦ circular adj. EdlepJIeTAbuKÁlCaeRcIn/ classical Ebbkøasuik/ ~ view TsSn³Ebb ~ letter of credit b½NÐNTanepJIeTARKb;saxa køasuik/ ~ economics viTüasaRsþesdækic©køasIuk ¬énFnaKarEdlecjva¦ classification cMNat;fñak;/ system of ~ circular systematic sampling RbB½n§eFVIcMNat;fñak; karykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§vil classify v. cat;fñak;/ eFVIcMNat;fñak; circulating capital TunbgVil clause 1> lkçxNÐ/ ~ of a contract 17
  • 26.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 lkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ 2> x ¬]> xTI1/ xTI2>>>¦/ close v. an account biTKNnI special ~ xviessénc,ab;/ terminate ~ x ¬eFVI[KNnImansmtulüsUnü¦ bBa©b;kic©snüa close company Rkumh‘unbiTCit claw back v. R)ak;dkykmkvij ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak;Nas;¦ clean adj. s¥at/ ~ development closed economy esdækic©biTCit mechanism ynþkarGPivDÆn_s¥ats¥M ¬rdæRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiC¢kmµ nighirBaØvtßú¦ clean bill of health viBaØabnb½RtbBa¢ak; closing entries elxnabiTbBa¢I suxPaBl¥ closing price éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag clean bill of lading b½NÑpÞúkTMnij RtwmRtUv closing rate GRtabiT ¬KµankMNt;RtaBITMnijxus¼xUceT¦ ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtþikarRbcaMéf¶¦ clean collection EbbEpnTUTat;BaNiC¢kmµ closing the books karbiTbBa¢I KµanP¢ab;Éksar ¬KWeyagelIlixitCMBak;R)ak; club køib/ regional industry ~ køib b¤mUlb,TanbR½tEdleFVItamry³FnaKar¦ ]sSahkmµtMbn; clear v. a cheque dak;mUlb,Tanb½Rt cluster kBa©úM eGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;karepÞrR)ak; clustering of elements smasFaturYmCakBa©úM clear v. goods through customs coaching karbgVwk/ karbgðat; bMeBjEbbbTKy ¬edIm,InaMcUl b¤naMecjTMnij¦ co-chair shRbFan clear profit R)ak;cMeNjsuT§ co-creditor n. shNTayk clearance certificate code Rkm/ commercial ~ RkmBaNiC¢kmµ/ b½NÑRtYtBinitürbs;Ky ~ of conduct/ethics RkmsIlFm’ clearance inwards TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk code kUd/ elxkUd clearance outwards TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü co-defendant shcugecaT clearance sale karlk;LayLúgbegðIysþúk coding kardak;elxkUd clearing account KNnIpat;Tat; coefficient of variation emKuNbMErbMrYl clearing bank FnaKarTUTat; cognitive level kMrityl;dwg clearing house (banking) sPapat;Tat; coherence PaBrlUn/ PaBsuIKña clearing the arrears eFVIkarTUTat;R)ak; cohesion karrYmsM)ac;/ karrYbrYmKña/ siniT§Bl EdlBMuTan;)ansg ¬kMlaMgpSarP¢ab;Kña¦ clerk esµón/ bank ~ buKÁlikFnaKar coin n. & v. 1>R)ak;kas 2>e)aHR)ak;kas clientele n. Gtifita ¬GtifiCnTaMgGs; coincidence n. karKab;CYn/ Ékb,harPaB rbs;hagNamYy¦ collaboration kic©shkar clinic KøInik collate v. 1> RbmUlB½t’manmkBinitü 18
  • 27.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 eRbobeFob 2> erobcMtamlMdab; ¬Éksar¦ commercial BaNiC¢/ énBaNiC¢kmµ/ non ~ collateral loan kMcImanrbs; bBa©aM¼dak;Fana bank FnaKarGBaNiC¢/ ~ aircraft ynþehaH collateral vtßú bBa©aM¼dak;Fana/ sc©karP½NÐ CMnYj ¬dwkGñkdMeNIr rWTMnij¦/ ~ attaché colleague shesvik GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ bank FnaKarBaNiC¢/ collect v. payment Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ ~ bill rUbiyaNtþi/ ~ court tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ/ collecting agent/bank Pñak;gar¼FnaKar ~ credit NTanBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ dealing RbmUlR)ak; esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ enterprise shRKas collecting charges esah‘uyCYyRbmUlR)ak; BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ impracticability GRbtibtiþPaB collection smuc©½y/ karRbmUl/ karTar/ debt BaNiC©kmµ/ ~ invoice vikáybRtBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ agency TIPñak;garTarbMNul/ ~ of stamps ~ paper RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ/ lixitTTYl karsnSMTukEtm/ debit ~ karRbmUlbMNul CMBak;/ ~ port kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ register collective CasmUhPaB/ rYm/ ~ bargaining bBa¢IBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ traveller tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ/ karcrcarCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ ~ farm ksidæanrYm/ ~ usage TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ shkrN_ksikr/ ~ ownership kmµsiT§irYm/ commercialisation BaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ ~ work sñaédCasmUhPaB commercialise v. eFVIBaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ collectivity smUhPaB commission 1> kMéreCIgsar/ ~ agent collectivisation smUhPavUbnIykmµ Pñak;garTTYlkMéreCIgsar/ ~ buyer/seller collector n. GñkRbmUl/ farm produce ~ Pñak;gartMNag Tij¼lk;/ ~ sale karlk;yk GñkRbmUlTijplitplksikmµ/ money ~ kMéreCIgsar 2> KN³kmµkar GñkRbmUlR)ak; commitment karebþCJa ¬karsnüadac;Nat;¦ column xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ committed credit (state budget) combine KYbpSM/ lay/ ~ business and NTanP¢ab;snüa ¬fvikardæ¦ pleasure KYbpSMCamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarkMsanþ committee KN³kmµaFikar/ standing ~ combustion n. cMehH ¬kareqH¦ KN³kmµaFikarGcié®nþy_/ ~ of inspection come v. into effect/force cUlCaFrman KN³kmµaFikarRtYtBinitü/ steering ~ come v. into line RBmeRBogCamYyKña KN³kmµaFikar dwknaMkargar¼nayk come v. to an agreement QaneTAdl; commodity plitpl ¬EdleKlk;¼Tij kic©RBmeRBog eRcIn²CaBiess vtßúFatuedIm niges,óg¦/ comfort pasukPaB/ letter of ~ lixitKaMRT ~ accounts KNnIplitpl RKwHsßansaxa ¬kñúgkarrkx©IR)ak;¦ Common Effective Preferential commerce BaNiC¢kmµ Tariff (CEPT) taragGnueRKaHBn§Kyman 19
  • 28.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 RbsiT§iPaBrYm smtßkic©/ ~ party PaKImansmtßkic© common property resources (CPR) competing lines muxTMnijRbkYtRbECg FnFanRTBürYm competition karRbkYtRbECg/ sarmÖ/ free common sense suPnicä½y ~ karRbkYtRbECgesrI common stock PaKh‘unsamBaØ competitive EdlRbECg/ ~ advantage commonwealth shFn ¬RkumrdæFøab; ]tþmPaBRbECg/ ~ examination enAkñúgcRkPBGg;eKøs¦/ ~ of independent karRblgRbECg/ ~ market pSarRbkYtRbECg/ states shFnrdæÉkraCü ~ price éføRbkYtRbECg communication karR)aRs½yTak;Tg/ competitiveness PaBRbkYtRbECg/ ~ of information KmnaKmn_B½t’man PaBedjeCIgKña communist adj. kumµúynisþ competitor GñkRbECg ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦ community property RTBürYmsM)ac; compile v. cgRkg bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ complain v. t¥ÚjEt¥r/ tv:a company Rkumh‘un/ affiliated (or complainant Gñkbþwgtv:a associated) ~ Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½næ/ joint complaint bNþwg/ BakübNþwg stock ~ Rkumh‘unGanamik/ limited liability complementary EdlbMeBj[KñaeTAmk ~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma/ ~ union completion karbBa©b;/ karbegðIy/ ~ of a shPaBRkumh‘un/ subsidiary ~ Rkumh‘unsaxa/ contract karbBa©b;kic©snüa unlimited ~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvKµankMNt;/ complex adj. misSPaK ¬sµúKsµaj¦ ~ promoter sßabnikRkumh‘un/ trading ~ superiority ~ esyümanH/ inferiority ~ Rkumh‘unBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ies act c,ab;Rkumh‘un hInmanH/ complexity misSPaB comparative advantage ]tþmPaB complex business plan bøg;GaCIvkmµ eRbobeFob sµúKsµaj compatibility smitPaB ¬PaBcUlKñacuH¦ complex multi-stage design bøg;eRcIn compatriot CnrYmCati dMNak;minsamBaØ compensating errors el¥ógb:Hb:UvKña complexity PaBsµúKsµaj/ PaBsaMjúaM compensation karb:Hb:Uv/ sMNg compliance with, in RsbCamYy compensatory financing facility (CFF) complicate v. eFVIeGaysµúKsµaj ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBaØvtßú complicity karcUléd compete v. RbkYtRbECg complimentary 1> EdlsesIr competent adj. mansmtßkic©/ 2> EdleGayTeT ¬tKitéfø¦ mansmtßPaB/ ~ authority GaCJaFrman comply Rbtibtþitam/ eFVItam 20
  • 29.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 component smasPaK/ FatupSM ¬edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVImYy¦ composition smasPaB concerted economic action skmµPaB compound entry elxnapÁúM esdækic©manvKÁmanesñI ¬elxnamaneRbIcab;BIbIKNnIeLIgeTA¦ concession sm,Tan/ forest ~ sm,Tan compound growth vDÆnPaBsmas éRBeQI/ ~ holder sm,Tanik/ social land ~ compound interest karR)ak;smas sm,TandIsgÁmkic©/ price ~ sm,Tanéfø comprehensive adj. RKb;RCugeRCay/ concessionaire sm,Tanik/ forest ~ TUlMTUlay/ ~ analysis karviPaKRKb;RCugeRCay éRBsm,Tanik compromise karRsuHRsYl concessional, concessionary Edl comptroller GñkRtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú pþl;sm,Tan¼GnueRKaH/ ~ loan kMcIpþl; compulsory CakatBVkic©/ Edlxanmin)an/ sm,Tan/ ~ terms lkçxNÐsm,Tan ~ inspection GFikarkic©CakatBVkic© conciliate v. pSHpSa computable EdlGacKNna)an conclusion n. snñidæan/ Gvsankfa computer virus vIrus¼visaNU kMuBüÚT½r ¬PaKbBa©b;énr)aykarN_¦ comrade n. smmitþ/ shCIvin/ BYkm:ak concrete measure viFankarCak;Esþg conceal v. lak;elom concurrence 1> karyl;RBm/ karÉkPaB concealment karlak;elom 2>karekItdMNalKña ¬RBwtþikarN_¦ concentration karRbmUlpþúM/ land ~ condition lkçxNÐ/ working ~ lkçxNÐ karRbmUlpþúMdIFøI/ ~ level of a substance eFVIkargar/ ~ precedent lkçxNÐbegáIt kMritkMhab;énsarFatu katBVkic©/ ~ subsequent lkçxNÐbBa©b; concept eKalKMnit/ TsSnaTan katBVkic© conception TsSnaTan conditional edaymanlkçxNÐ/ ~ conceptual error el¥ógEpñkTsSnaTan acceptance karTTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ conceptualise v. KitKUrbegáItfµI conditionality PaBmanlkçxNÐ concern kgVl;/ RBYy)armÖ/ business ~ conducive to GMeNaypldl; RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦/ his business is a going conduct kiriyamayaT/ karRbRBwtþi¬xøÜn¦ ~ muxCMnYjrbs;Kat;kMBugdMeNIrkareTAmux conduct v. & n. 1> dwknaM/ eFVI/ dMeNIrkar ¬nigmancMeNj¦ 2> ~ of business kic©dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ concerned EdlBak;B½n§/ ~ ministry conference snñisIT RksYgBak;B½n§ confession n. karsarPaB/ sc©avIkrN_ concert, act in v. eFVIskmµPaBrYmKña confidential sMgat; 21
  • 30.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 confirmation karbBa¢ak;/ ~ of order consistency 1> sgÁtPaB/ PaBsuIKña karbBa¢ak;nUvkarbBa¢aTij/ ~ of price karbBa¢ak;éfø 2> PaBminpøas;bþÚr confirmed letter of credit consolidated (information) ¬B½t’man¦ sarNTanGnusiT§i Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña confirming bank FnaKarbBa¢ak; consolidated balance sheet tarag confiscate rwbGUs ¬ykRTBü¦/ dkhUt tulükarsrub¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>>¦ conflict TMnas;/ ~ of interest TMnas;pl consolidation of balance sheets RbeyaCn_ karRc)ac;bBa©ÚlKñanUvtaragtulükar confrontation n. karRbTl;muxKña/ consortium kugs½rsüÚm/ smaKm smµúxIkmµ/ ~ meeting karRbCMuTl;muxKña conspiracy n. karKitk,t;/ shk,d confusing RcLMbl;/ gayP½nþRcLM ¬karrYmKMnitk,t;¦ confusion karP½nþRcLM/ karRcLMbl;/ constant efr/ ~ price éføefr karRcbUkRcbl; constituency mCÄdæanGñkKaMRT/ mNÐle)aHeqñat conglomerate Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl constitution rdæFmµnuBaØ conscience mnsikar Constitutional Council RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ conscientious Edlmanmnsikar/ Edlyk constitutionality FmµnuBaØPaB citþTukdak; constraint kMhit ¬]bsKÁ¦ consensus karmUlmti/ kugsg;s‘us constructive CalkçN³ksag/ ~ criticism consent v. & n. 1> RBm 2> karyl;RBm karTietonCalkçN³ksag consequential EdlCavi)ak consultancy karpþl;eyabl;ÉkeTs conservation GPirkS/karrkSa/ ~ of consultant GñkBieRKaHeyabl; nature GPirkSFmµCati/ soil ~ GPirkSdI consultation karBieRKaHeyabl; conservative adj. GPirkS Consultative Group (CG) consideration karBicarNa/ under ~ kMBug RkumBieRKaHeyabl; BinitüBicarNa consumables vtßúFatueRbIR)as; consignee GñkTTYlTMnij consume v. eRbIR)as; ¬es,ógGahar/ n§n³>>>¦ consignee’s account, all charges to consumer GñkeRbIR)as;/ ~ basket k®nþk ral;esah‘uycMNayCabnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlTMnij TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ credit NTansMrab;Tij consignment n. 1> karbBa¢ÚnTMnij/ TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ goods TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ note lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij 2> GIv:an;mYyRkum ~ price éføTMnijeRbIR)as; ¬éfølk;ray¦/ ¬]>mYykugtWn½r¦EdlbBa¢ÚneTA ~ price index (CPI) snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbI consignor GñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij R)as;/ ~ surplus plcMeNjénGñkeRbIR)as; 22
  • 31.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 consumption kareRbIR)as;/ ~ expenditures contract v. out of an agreement dk b¤ cMNayeRbIR)as;/ home (domestic) ~ kareRbI lubkic©snüa ¬edaymankaryl;RBmCa R)as;kñúgRsuk/ ~ curve ExSekageRbIR)as; laylkçN_GkSrBIPaKImçageTot¦ contact karCYbTak;Tg/ ~ person mnusS contract v. 1> cuHkic©snüa 2> rYmcuH ¬esdækc©¦ i sMrab;CYbTak;Tg contract, under Cab;kic©snüa/ eRkamkic©snüa container kugtWn½r ¬pÞúkTMnij¦ contracting party PaKIcuHkic©snüa contemporary shkal/ shsm½y contractor GñkcuHkic©snüa/ Gñkem:Akar/ contempt karemIlgay/ ~ of court sub-contractor Gñkem:Akarbnþ karRbmaftulakar contractual business GaCIvkmµQrelI content 1> xøwmsar 2> matika kic©snüa contest n. karRbECg/ karRbkYt/ contradiction bdivaTkmµ/ PaBpÞúyKña ~ a decision CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc contradictory EdlpÞúyKña context bribT/ brikarN_ contrast n. PaBpÞúyKña/ Bütierk contingency yfaPaB/ kartRBagTuk/ contra-transfer cuHbRBa©as/ eFVIRbtiRkanþ ~ beneficiary GtßKahkCayfaehtu/ elxna ~ plan EpnkarTukGnuvtþCayfaehtu contravene v. elµIs/ bMBan contingent adj. GaRs½yelI ¬RBwtþikarN_GVI contribute v. rYmviPaKTan/ rYmcMENk mYyEdlGacekIteLIg rWminekIteLIg¦/ Gnimitþ contribution viPaKTan/ karrYmcMENk/ continuity nirnþrPaB ~ in kind viPaKTanCasMPar³ continuous adj. bnþrhUt/ bnþCab; control v. RtYtBinitü/ RtYtRta contra account KNnIbdiPaK controllable expenses cMNayRKb;RKg)an contra entry elxnabRBa©as controlled selection CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü ¬edIm,IlubecalnUvelxnamun¦ controller GñkRtYtBinitü contraband TMnijrt;Bn§ controlling interest, have a contraception karbgáarkMeNIt mancMENkPaKh‘unRtYtRta ¬KWmanelIsBI contract kic©snüa/ ~ of insurance 50°énPaKh‘unsrubrbs;Rkumh‘un¦ kic©snüaFanar:ab;rg/ ~ of sale kic©snüalk;/ controversy vaTb,divaT ¬rW vaTRbtivaT rW ~ of work kic©snüakargar karCECkrkxusRtUvCasaFarN³¦ contract (public) employee contumacy n. TudæPaB buKÁlik¬rdæ¦Cab;kic©snüa ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦ contract law c,ab;kic©snüa convenience food Gaharevcx©b;Rsab; 23
  • 32.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ¬EdlRsYl erobcM¼cMGin¦ Tak;TgxagCMnYj/ lixiteqøIyqøgGaCIvkmµ convention 1> GnusBaØa 2> snñi)at correspondent bank FnaKareqøIiyqøg 3> snµtikmµ¼karsnµt corridor rebog/ Efv/ economic ~ conversation karsnÞna/ snÞnakar rebogesdækic© conversion karbþÚr/ ~ price/rate GRtabþÚr corroborate v. bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm/ ¬edIm,IKitbþÚrrUbiyvtßúmYyeTACarUbiyvtßúbreTs¦ eFVIbmaNIykrN_ convertible currency rUbiyvtßúEdlGac corruption n. GMeBIBukrlYy bþÚrykrUbiyvtßúepSg)an cost 1> tMél 2> briyaTan 3> éføedIm conveyance 1> karepÞr ¬kmµsiT§i¦ 4> bnÞúkcMNay/ cMNay 2> ÉksarepÞr cost accounting KNenyüéføedIm/ convict TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ KNenyüviPaK cooperate v. eFVIshRbtibtþikar cost and freight (C & F) cooperative adj. & n. éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún 1> EdleFVIshRbtibtþikar 2> shkrN_ cost of goods sold or cost of sales coordinates niyamkar ¬ry³TTwg¼ry³beNþay¦ éføedImTMnijlk;ecj co-owner, co-proprietor shkmµsiT§ikr/ cost of living éføRTRTg;CIvPaB m©as;kmµsiT§irYmKña cost price éføedIm co-ownership shkmµsiT§i cost, historical tMélTijcUl co-property RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña cost, insurance, freight (CIF) copyright siT§icMlg/ rkSasiT§i éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún core sñÚl/ ~ budget fvikasñÚl/ ~ funding cost, manufacturing éføedImplitkmµ mUlniFisñÚl/ ~ resources FnFansñÚl cost-benefit analysis karviPaKcMNay corn n. (US) eBat/ baby ~ esñóteBat ¬bEnø¦ nigplcMeNj corporate state rdæshRKin cost-effective adj. EdlmanRbsiT§PaB corporation saCIvkmµ/ multinational ~ cMNay saCIvkmµBhuCati/ ~ tax (GB) Bn§elIR)ak; costing karKNnaéføedIm cMeNjRkumh‘un Council of Ministers TIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI correct adj. RtwmRtUv counter bBa¢r correlated response variance v:arIy:g; counter party bdiPaKI cMelIyTak;Tin counter valuation bdiekaslvic©½y correlation shsm<½n§/ TMnak;TMng counterbalance v. raMgxÞb;T§iBl correspondence, business karsresr countermand bdiesFbgÁab;munecal/ 24
  • 33.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ecjRbtiGaNtþi credit bank FnaKarNTan counter-offer kareGayéføelI ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ credit bureau kariyal½ypþl;B½t’man counterpart smPaKI BIkitþinam ¬énshRKas>>>¦ counterpart adj. bdiPaK/ ~ entry credit in kind NTanvtßú ¬minEmnCaR)ak;¦ elxnabdiPaK/ ~ fund mUlniFibdiPaK credit institution sßab½nNTan counter-revolution n. Rbtibdivtþn_ credit market TIpSarNTan country report r)aykarN_sþIBIRbeTs credit n. & adj. & v. 1> NTan country-representative office 2> NTayI 3> kt;RtaxagNTan kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs credit plus NTanbUk ¬NTanEdl country-risk analysis karviPaKeRKaHRbeTs KitKUrTaMgkarCYyCaR)ak;kas nigbec©keTs¦ coupe, forest éRBKub credit rating cMNat;fñak;NTan/ court clerks RkLabBa¢I smtßPaBsgbMNulrbs;Gñkx©I court or lawcourt sala kat;kþI¼CMrHkþI credit restrictions kMhiténNTan covenant karRBmeRBogCapøÚvkar credit risk haniP½yénNTan cover note (insurance) kMNt;sMGag credit sale karlk;eCO ¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ credit slip b½NÑsMeNANTan/ skçIb½Rt cover price éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelI NTan RkbesovePA/ TsSnavdþI >>>¦ credit solvency lT§PaBsgbMNul cover, banking R)ak;Fana credit status CMhrNTan cover, full (insurance) b½NÑFanar:ab;rgelI credit terms lkçxNÐNTan haniP½yRKb;RbePT credit worthiness PaBKYr)anTTYlNTan cover, temporary (insurance) credit worthy borrower Gñkx©IR)ak; b½NÑFanar:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ EdlKYreGayTukcitþ coverage kar¼TMhM RKbdNþb; credit, open NTanKµandak;vtßúFana ¬]> edayb½NÑFanar:ab;rg¦ ¬sMrab;GtifiCnl¥rbs;FnaKar¦ craftsmanship n. htßekaslü credit, tax NTanBn§ creation n. karbegáIt/ mabnkmµ/ nimiµtkmµ/ credit, trade NTanCMnYj ¬pþl;[shRKas mabnvtßú manTMnak;TMngCMnYjCamYyKña¦ creative thinking KMnitécñRbDit creditor NTayk/ m©as;bMNul creativity KMnitécñRbDit credulity n. PaBgayeCO/ sT§aluPaB credibility PaBKYr[eCO/ kitþinam creeping inflation GtiprNasnSwm² 25
  • 34.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 crime bTelµIsRBhµT½NÐ currency operation RbtibtþikarelI criteria, criterion lkçN³vinicä½y rUbiyvtßú ¬dUcCakarbþÚrR)ak;CaedIm ¦ crop n. dMNaM/ pldMNaM/ supplementary ~ current account or checking dMNaMrYmpSM account (US) KNnIcrnþ cross check epÞógKñaeTAvijeTAmk current adj. crnþ/ ~ expenditures cMNaycrnþ cross class fñak;qøg current assets RTBüskmµ crnþ¼cl½t cross rate, exchange cross rate current liabilities RTBüGkmµcrnþ GRtabþÚrrUbiyb½NÑepÞógpÞat; ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak; current price éføcrnþ/ éføbc©úb,nñ/ ~ list eFobtam rUbiyvtßúTI3 dUcCa duløar¦ taragéføcrnþ cross border (trade) qøgkat;RBMEdn current revenue cMNUlcrnþ ¬BaNiC¢kmµ¦ ¬cMNUlCaRbcaM kñúgÉksarxøH¦ crossed cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtqUt current account holder m©as;KNnIcrnþ cross-examine v. karsYrbBa¢ak;sakSI current market rate GRtaéføTIpSarRbcaMéf¶ epÞógpÞat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun curtailment karkat;bnßy cross-voting n. kare)aHeqñateGayKNbkS curve ExSekag/ aggregate supply ~ epSg ¬minEmnKNbkSxøÜn¦ ExSekagpÁt;pÁg;srub crude oil eRbgeqA custody (keeping) karrkSaTuk culprit n. BiruT§ikCn custom of the port (COP) cultivated land dIdaMduH TMenomTMlab;Ep culture vb,Fm’/ ~ of impunity vb,Fm’ custom-built/made ksag¼eFVI Biess rYceTas sMrab;GtifiCnNamñak; cumulated list bBa¢IbUkRtYt customer GtifiCn curb v. Tb;sáat; customs house TIcat;karKy curfew bMrameKacr customs Ky/ ~ agent Pñak;garKy/ currency rUbiyvtßú/ hard ~ rUbiyvtßúxøaMg ~ Department TIcat;karKynigrdæakr/ ¬rbs;RbeTsmanesdækic©maMmYn niggaybþÚr ~ breach bTelµIsc,ab;Ky/ ~ declaration ykrUbiyvtßúepSgeTot¦/ soft ~ rUbiyvtßúexSay RbtievTn_Ky/ ~ examination karRtYtBinitü currency in circulation rUbiyvtßúkñúgcracr énPñak;garKy/ ~ frontier RBMEdnKy/ currency of account rUbiyvtßúykmkKitKUr ~ invoice vikáybRtKy/ ~ permit lixit currency of payment rUbiyvtßúTUTat; GnuBaØatBITIcat;karKy/ ~ regulations currency of the contract rUbiyvtßúén bTbBaØtþiKy/ ~ tariff taragBn§Ky/ kic©snüa ~ territory tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKy 26
  • 35.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 Gactamcab;TMnij)an¦ date, interest to R)ak;karmkTl;bc©úb,nñ customs broker buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaM day éf¶/ settlement ~ éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBaI¢ TMnijqøgkat;Ky ¬bMerIeGayRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún¦ day labourer BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶/ TinikCn customs duties (or dues) Bn§Ky day-release 1> éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦ cycle vdþ/ suIkø/ xYb/ CMu/ ~ of poverty 2> RbB½n§EdlGnuBaØat[nieyaCitsMrakBIkargar vdþénPaBRkIRk edIm,IeronsURt DCB (Domestic Competitive Bidding) karedjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk D, d de facto tamkarCak;Esþg/ tamRBwtþin½y/ ~ management karRKb;RKgtamRBwtþin½y daily RbcaMéf¶/ ~ sales return cMNUllk; de jure tampøÚvc,ab; RbcaMéf¶ dead account KNnIQb;eRbI/ KNnIgab; damage karxUcxat/ Gnþray/ ~ by dead loss karxatbg;srub seawater GnþrayedaysarTwksmuTÞ dead money R)ak;gab;/ R)ak;minykeTAeFVI damages R)ak;sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat karrksuI danger money R)ak;pþl;bEnßmsMrab;kargar dead season rdUvs¶b;skmµPaB maneRKaHfñak; ¬]> rdUvlk;dUrminsUvdac;¦ DARE (Demand and Resource deadline kalkMNt;/ kalbriecäTdl;kMNt; Evaluation) karvaytMélFnFan nigtMrUvkar deadlock PaBTal;Rck break the ~ data Tinñn½y/ enter v. ~ bBa©ÚlTinñn½y TMlayPaBTal;Rck data processing karcat;EcgTinñn½y dead-weight 1> TMgn;nicl/ TMgn;gab; database mUldæanTinñn½y ¬KµanCYybMerIkar¦ data-collection stage dMNak;kalRbmUl deal karRBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ GabNsBaØa/ Tinñn½y get a good ~ Tij)anefak/ package ~ date kalbriecäT/ éf¶Ex/ interest to ~ karRBmeRBogCakBa©b; karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ dealer BaNiC¢kr date a cheque forward cuHkalbriecäT dealership TMnak;TMngCMnYjpþac;mux GnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt dealing karlk;dUrh‘unenApSarh‘un/ CMnYj, date of maturity éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak;/ commercial ~ esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ fair ~ CMnYj NRbtiTan/ Rsbc,ab;/ insider ~ karCYjdUrh‘uneday date, by the due dl;éf¶kMNt; GñképÞkñúg ¬EdldwgB½t’mansMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ 27
  • 36.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 dear éfø ¬pÞúynwgefak¦ decent smrmü/ ~ livelihood CIvPaBsmrmü dear money R)ak;x©ImanR)ak;karx<s; decentralisation n. vimCÄkar dearth of investment kgVHvinieyaK decentralise v. eFVIvimCÄkar/ decentralised death mrNPaB/ karsøab;/ ~ certificate power GMNacvimCÄkar sMbuRtmrNPaB/ ~ in service benefit deciding vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB ¬e)aHeqñat¦ R)ak;bMNac;mrNPaB decile n. TsPaK ¬sßiti¦ death rate GRtamrN³ decimal n. & adj. 1> elxTsPaK debate karCECkedjedal ¬]> enAsPa¦ 2> TsPaK debenture sBaØab½NÑ ¬ry³eBlEvg²¦/ decision esckþIsMerc/ ~ maker GñkeFVI lixitbMNul/ register of ~ bBa¢IeQµaHGñk esckþIsMerc/ ~ making kareFVIesckþIsMerc/ kan;sBaØab½NÑrbs;Rkumh‘un/ ~ holder ~ tree KMnUsedImeQIénRbB½n§sMerc Gñkkan;sBaØab½NÑ declaration 1> kar¼esckþI Rbkas debit n. & adj. & v. 1> NBn§ 2> lixitRbkas/ RbtievTn_/ customs ~ 2> Nayik 3> kt;RtaxagNBn§ RbtievTn_Ky/ tax ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn§ debit/credit memorandum or declared value tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_ debit/credit memo kMNt;ehtu NBn§¼ decline n. karFøak;cuHyWt² NTan b¤ Rbkas NBn§¼NTan declining balance method of debt bMNul/ ~ holder embMNul/ bad ~ depreciation viFIrMls;fyCalMdab; bMNul GaRkk;¼Bi)akTar/ doubtful ~ bMNul decoding karbkRsayelxkUd sgS½y/ irrecoverable ~ bMNulTarmin)an/ ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦ ~ crisis vibtþibMNul/ ~ ratio smaPaKbMNul/ deconcentration vishmCÄkar secured/unsecured ~ bMNul man¼Kµan decrease karFøak;cuH/ karfycuH/ ~ in price dak;RTBüFana karFøak;éfø debt-collection letter lixitTarR)ak; decree Rkwtü debt-for-nature swaps bMNuledaHdUr de-dollarisation bdiduløarUbnIykmµ nwgFmµCati deduct v. kat;kg/ pat;ecj/ after deducting debtor kUnbMNul/ Nvnþ depreciation eRkay)anpat;rMls; decadence n. PaBcuHGab;»n/ GtßgÁt deductible adj. EdlGackat;kgecj/ tax decapitalise n. dkTunecj ~ EdlGackat;kgecjBIcMNUlCab;Bn§ deceased n. Gñksøab; deductive method viFITajehtupl/ decennial population census viessanumanviFI CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaMTsvtSr_ 28
  • 37.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 deed 1> kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr deflator (GDP) snÞsSn_britþprNa ¬pss¦ 2> GMeBI ¬l¥ rW GaRkk;¦/ good ~ kuslkic© deforestation karkab;éRBeQI/ vivnkar deed of assignment lixitepÞrkmµsiT§ defrauder GñkbnøM ¬]> Bn§¦ ¬BIkUnbMNuleTAm©as;bMNul¦ defray ecjcMNayCYs deed of conveyance lixitepÞrkmµsiT§i degradation TuBVlPaB/ karbBa©úHKuNPaB GclnRTBü del credere R)ak; ¬bUkbEnßmsMrab;¦ default karxusqÁg/ karxVHxat/ karKµan FanakarTUTat;/ ~ clause RbkarFanaTUTat;/ lT§PaBsg ~ commission kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; default of acceptance karminTTYlRBm delay 1> karyWty:av/ ry³kalkMNt; defendant n. cugecaT yWty:av/ ~ in delivery karRbKl;yWty:av/ deferred payments karsgR)ak;bNþak; 2> karBnüaeBl/ grant a ~ pþl;karBnüaeBl ¬eRcInelIk¦ delegate power eFVIRbtiPUkmµGMNac/ deferred share PaKh‘unEdlTTYlPaKlaP rMElkGMNac/ epÞrGMNac eRkayeK delegation 1> karepÞr ¬siT§iGMNac¦ deferred/unearned revenue ¬R)ak;¦ 2> KN³RbtiPU deliberation karBiPakSaedjedal cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg delinquent adj. 1> hYskalkMNt; kariybriecäTeRkay²¦ deficiency PaBminRKb;RKan;/ ~ in weight 2> min)anbMeBjkatBVkic©edayectna delinquent n. GnItiCnRbRBwtþelµIs PaBxVHTMgn; deliver v. RbKl; deficient reserves R)ak;bMrugxVH delivered at duty paid RbKl;enAkEnøg deficient supply karpÁt;pÁg;mankgVHxat deficit »nPaB/ balance of payments/ )anbg;Bn§ehIy delivered at frontier RbKl;enARBMEdn trade ~ »nPaBCBa¢Ij TUTat;¼BaNiC¢kmµ/ budget delivery karRbKl;/ ~ against payment ~ »nPaBfvika/ meet v. a ~ bMeBj»nPaB deficit financing hirBaØb,Tan»nPaB RbKl;TMnijeBlmankarTUTat;/ ~ order b½NÑ deflate the economy eFVIbritþprNa bBa¢aeGayRbKl;TMnij/ ~ by instalments esdækic© ¬tamry³karkat;bnßysac;R)ak;pÁt;pÁg; RbKl;TMnijtamdMNak;kal/ ~ note lixit rW cMNayrdæaPi)al¦ RbKl;TMnij ¬[eTAGtifiCn CamYyKñanwgTMnij¦ demagogue n. GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ/ RbCaPiftik³ deflation britþprNa ¬sPaBkarN_TMnij demand tMrUvkar/ sMNUmBr/ ~ bill/draft cuHéføCaTUeTA ¦ deflationary gap KMlatbritþprNa lixitbþÚrykR)ak; ¬eBlbgðajFnaKar¦/ 29
  • 38.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ~ curve ExSekagtMrUvkar/ ~ deposit R)ak; dependability PaBGacBwgBak;)an beBaØIcrnþ/ ~ exceeds supply tMrUvkarelIs depletion karfycuHeRcIn²/ kareRbIGs;/ tnukmµ karpÁt;pÁg;/ ~ loan kMcIKµankalkMNt; depletive asset RTBüfycuHtamkareRbIR)as; ¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ deport v. nireTs demand, to be in poor minsUvmantMrUvkar deposit R)ak;beBaØI/ nikçitP½NÐ/ certificate of demarcation (boundary) karkMNt; ~ RbkasnIyb½RtbeBaØI/ demand ~ R)ak; RBMRbTl; beBaØIcrnþ/ guaranteed ~ nikçitP½NÐFana/ demilitarise v. dkT½Becj/ eFVIvieyaFkmµ savings ~ R)ak;beBaØIsnSM/ fixed/time ~ de-mining kare)assMGatmIn R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt;/ ~ bank FnaKar demise 1> Ptisnüa/ kic©snüaCYl TTYlR)ak;beBaØI/ ~ guaranty account KNnI 2> mrNPaB R)ak;tMkl;Fana/ ~ in transit R)ak;beBaØIkMBug demobilise v. rMsay ¬kgT½B¦ epÞr/ ~ receipt bgáan;édTTYlR)ak;beBaØI/ democratisation ~ slip b½NÑsresrepJIR)ak; RbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmµ/ RbCanuvDÆn¾ deposit R)ak;kk; demographic rate (birth, death ...) deposit (minerals...) RsTab;Er: GRtaRbCasaRsþ ¬kMeNIt/ mrN³ >>>¦ deposit v. 1> kk; 2> tMkl;R)ak;/ epJIR)ak; demonetise karbBa©b;tMéleRbIR)as;én ¬enAFnaKar¦ RkdasR)ak;¼kak; depositor GñkepJIR)ak; denationalisation niCatUbnIykmµ/ karbþÚr depreciate v. Føak;éfø RTBüsm,tþirdæeTACaÉkCn depreciation 1> karFøak;éfø¼tMél denial, flat karRbEkkdac;Ghgáar 2> ¬kar¦ rMls; 3> karswkerc denominated in USD (cheque) depreciation allowance (accounting) carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ TayC¢TaneGaydl;rMls; denomination ÉktatMélénRkdasR)ak; depress v. sgát;cuH ¬TIpSar/ GarmµN_/ ¬rW kak;¦ Qñan;RhVaMgrfynþ >>>¦ denominator (fraction) PaKEbg depression, economic vism<aFesdækic© density dg;sIuet deputy prime minister ]bnaykrdæm®nþI Department of Overseas Trade deputy chairman GnuRbFan naykdæanBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs deputy manager naykrg/ bNÑaFikarrg Department of Public Prosecution deregulate v. eFVIbdiniy½tkmµ GgÁkarGyükar dereliction of duty kare)aHbg;Parkic© department store PNÐaKar 30
  • 39.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 derivative instrument (banking) diagram KMnUsbMRBYj ]bkrN_nisSnÞ differentiate v. Ejk descendant bcäaCn differentiation karEjkeGayeXIjPaBxusKña description 1> karBiBN’na digit elx/ single ~ inflation GtiprNa 2> RbePTTMnij/ ~ of goods karraymuxTMnij mantYelxEtmYyxÞg; desertification rehadæanIykmµ ¬kareFVI[ digital EdlbgðajCaelx/ DIhSúItal; eTACavalrehadæan¦ digitalised economy esdækic©erxUbnIykmµ design karrcnatak;Etg/ bøg;/ ~ effect dignitary sSrCn T§iBlénbøg;/ ~ weight TMgn;bøg; dignity PaBéføfñÚr/ sSrPaB design v. rcnatak;Etg dilemma n. sßanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsd¾Bi)ak designation letter lixit]eTÞsnam dimension TMhM/ TidæPaB ¬énsPaBkarN_GVImYy¦ ¬GñktMNag>>>¦ direct adj. pÞal;/ foreign ~ investment desk study karsikSaenAkariyal½y (FDI) vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs/ ~ cost tMél detailed adj. lMGit/ ~ instructions plitpÞal;/ briyaTanpÞal;/ ~ exchange bTbBa¢alMGit karedaHdUredaypÞal;/ ~ export karnaMecj deteriorated Gn;KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ edaypÞal;/ ~ tax Bn§pÞal; deterioration karGn;fy ¬KuNPaB/ éfø>>>¦ direct v. tMrg;Tis determine v. kMNt; direction 1> Tis/ TisedA 2> esckþIENnaM/ detriment karxUcRbeyaCn_ provide ~ and guidance pþl;TisedA detrimental Edl eFVIeGayxUcRbeyaCn_¼ nigkarENnaM ¬[eFVIGVImYy¦ bgáeRKaHfñak; directive karcg¥úlTis/ bTENnaM/ ~ on devalue v. bBa©úuHtMélrUbiyvtßú ¬eFobnwg wages and prices bTENnaMsþIBIebovtSr_nigéfø rUbiyvtßúÉeTot²¦ direct-lending schemes kmµviFINTanpÞal; development karGPivDÆn_/ karlUtlas;/ ~ director nayk yuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_/ ~ aid CMnYyGPivDÆn_/ strategies director-general GKÁnayk/ deputy ~ ~ project KMeragGPivDÆn_/ Development Triangle GKÁnaykrg Zone tMbn;GPivDÆn_RtIekaN directory 1> bBa¢IrayeQµaH deviation 1> kargakecj 2> KMlat 2> ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ devise n. Gc©½yTanCaGclnRTBü direct-transit trade BaNiC¢kmµqøgkat;pÞal; ¬tammrtksasn_¦ disability BikarPaB diagnosis n. eraKvinicä½y disadvantage plvi)ak/ KuNvibtþi 31
  • 40.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 disadvantaged caj;eRbob/ ~ farmers discount rate GRtaGbhar/ GRtacuHéfø ksikrTn;exSay discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis disaggregation karbMEbkGgÁpSM karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;Kittamry³eBl disagree v. minRBmeRBog/ minÉkPaB/ discouraged worker Blkr)ak;Twkcitþ minyl;Rsb discretion qnÞanusiT§i ¬siT§isMerceBjelj¦/ disagreement n. karminRBmeRBog, in the at the ~ of the government CaqnÞanusiT§i event of ~ kñúgkrNIKµankarRBmeRBog rbs;rdæaPi)al disbursement karebIkpþl;¬R)ak;¦/ discrimination karerIseGIg ~ account KNnIraymuxkarebIkpþl;R)ak;/ disequilibrium vismta/ PaBKµanlMnwg ~ schedule kalviPaKebIkpþl;R)ak; dishonoured bill of exchange discharge 1> dkbNþwg/ ~ a bankrupt rUbiyaNtþiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF eGaybuKÁl)anrYcputBIPaBBIkS½yFn BIeRBaH dishonoured cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt )anTUTat;bMNulehIy 2> TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug bdiesdæ ¬minTUTat;¦ 3> bBaÄb; ¬buKÁlik¦ disillusion esckþIRsgakcitþy:agxøaMg disciplinary action kardak;vin½y disincentive eRKOgbg¥ak;Twkcitþ ¬kardak;eTasxagrdæ)al¦ disinflation karbnßyGtiprNa disciplinary council RkumRbwkSavin½y disinvestment kardkTunQb;vinieyaK ¬GñksMercdak;vin½yelIbuKÁlik¦ dismiss v. bBaÄb;BIkargar/ edjecal/ disciplinary sanction TNÐkmµxagvin½y/ dismissal n. karbBaÄb;BIkargar to impose ~ dak;vin½y dispatch n. karbBa¢Ún/ karEbgEck disciplinary transfer dispatch v. epJI/ bBa¢Ún ¬TMnij>>>¦ karpøas;ecjedaydak;vin½y dispersion diagram düaRkambMEbkray disclaimer bTRbkasbdiesF disposable personal income cMNUl ¬karTTYlxusRtUv/ siT§i >>>¦ enATMenrrbs;buKÁl/ cMNUlbuKÁleRkaykat;Bn§ discount 1> Gbhar ¬karcuHéfø¦/ cash ~ ¬]> R)ak;ExebIkykeTApÞH)an¦ karlk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ to sell dispose v. CMrHbBa©b; goods at a ~ lk;TinijcuHéfø dispossess dkhUtrbs;RTBü 2> Gbharit ¬R)ak;cuHéføeGay¦ 3> cuHéfø disproportionate (amount of cash) discount a bill v. eFVIGbharrUbiyaNtþi vismamaRt ¬cMnYnsac;R)ak;¦ ¬lk;rUbiyaNtþieGayFnaKar¦ dispute vivaT/ CMelaH/ ~ settlement discount bank FnaKarTij]bkrN_ mechanism ynþkaredaHRsayvivaT TUTat;lixitbMNul 32
  • 41.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 dissemination karpSBVpSay domestic kñúgRsuk ¬rW kñúgRbeTs¦/ ~ assets dissolution karrMlay (bank) RTBüskmµkñúgRsuk>/ ~ credit NTan distortion karERbRbYlxusPaBedIm kñúgRsuk/ ~ demand tMrUvkarkñúgRsuk/ ~ income distress (sale) edaymanFur³bnÞan;/ edaHT½l (DI) plTunkñúgRsuk/ ~ financing hirBaØb,Tan ¬karlk;¦ kñúgRbeTs/ ~ product (DP) plitplkñúgRsuk/ distribution karEckcay ~ savings sBa¢½yFnkñúgRsuk ~ supply distribution of sample r)ayKMrUtag karpÁt;pÁg;kñúgRsuk/ ~ price stability sßirPaB distribution, unequal wealth éføkñúgRsuk/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsuk r)ayvismFn ¬karEckcayRTBüminesµIKña¦ domicile n. lMenA/ ~ of origin lMenAedIm disturbance karrMxan/ noise ~ karrMxan ¬lMenABIkMeNIt tamFmµtaKW lMenA«Buk¦ edaysMelg domiciled bill of exchange rUbiyaNtþi diversification cMruHkmµ/ BiBiFkmµ manbBa¢ak;Gas½ydæan dividend PaKlaP domiciled in Cambodia divisible adj. EdlEckdac;/ GacEbgEck/ manlMenApøÚvkarenAkm<úCa ~ letter of credit sarNTanGacbMEbk)an dominate v. RKbsgát; division of labour karEbgEckBlkmµ domino effect T§iBldUmINU docker kmµkrkMBg;Ep donation GMeNay documentary collection donee bdiKÁahk 1> karRbmUlR)ak;eRkayeBl)anTTYlÉksar donor Tayk/ Gñkpþl;CMnYy 2> karRbmUlÉksar dormant adj. KµanskmµPaB/ ~ company documentary credit NTanÉksar Rkumh‘unKµanskmµPaB ¬kñúgmYykariybriecäT¦ documentation dose xñatmaRta/ kMrit 1> Éksar ¬TaMgGs;Tak;TinnwgerOgGVImYy¦ dossier sMNMuerOg 2> karksagsMNMuÉksar double v. ekInmYyCaBIr documents against acceptance (D/A) double-deflation technique pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijeBlbBa¢ak;TTYlRBmCMBak; bec©keTsbRgYmsÞÜn documents against payment (D/P) double-entry bookkeeping pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak; viFIcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK dogma n. siT§anþ ¬CMenOrbs;mnusSmYyRkumEdl doubtful debt NeTyüsgS½y eKrMBwgfaGñkÉeTotTTYlykedayKµanCECktv:a¦ down payment R)ak;kk;/ R)ak;bg;dMbUg dollarisation duløarUbnIykmµ downgrade v bBa©úHtMél 33
  • 42.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ¬]> kñúgkarBüakrN_tMélsnøwkh‘un¦ dutiable EdlRtUvbg;Bn§/ ~ goods TMnij downsize v. kat;bnßy RtUvbg;Bn§¼Cab;Bn§ downstream product plitpl duty Bn§ ¬BiessBn§Ky nigGakrBiess¦/ ad xageRkam¼cugExS ¬ekItecjBIplitpledIm¦ valorem ~ Bn§yktaméfø/ customs ~ Bn§Ky/ downward tendency ninñakarfycuH excise ~ GakrBiess/ ~ paid price dowry ekrþ×xagRsI éføKitTaMgBn§ draconian measures viFankartwgrwgsMebIm duty Parkic©/ ~ bound Cab;Parkic© draft 1> esckþIRBag 2> rUbiyaNtþi/ bank ~ duty-free EdlrYcBn§/ ~ goods TMnijrYcBn§ rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar ¬lixitbBa¢a[FnaKarebIkR)ak;¦ duty-paid goods TMnijbg;Bn§ehIy draft term lkçxNÐlixit DVD DIvIDI ¬fasvIedGU¦ draught animals (GB), draft dwindle v eFVIrMls;bnþicmþg² animals (US) stVGUsTaj dynamic adj. DINamik/ Edlman famPaB¼snÞúH draw lots v. cab;eqñat ¬edIm,IeRCIserIs¦ dynamics n. DINamik/ famPaB drawback n. cMNucminl¥ dynamism DINamIs/ famPaB/ snÞúHkMlaMg drawback n. Bn§KybgVilsgvij ¬enAeBl TMnijRtUv)annaMecjeTAvij¦ drawee bharit/ GñkeGayeKdkR)ak;/ E, e GñkRtUv)anesñIeGaybg;R)ak; drawer bhar½k/ GñkdkR)ak; earmark v. élTuk ¬sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy¦ drawing account KNnIR)ak;beBaØI earned fees kMérrk)an KµankalkMNt; earnest R)ak;kk;/ kMNt; drawing rights siT§idkR)ak; ¬siT§isMux©I¦ earning capacity smtßPaBrkR)ak; drop karFøak;cuH earnings cMNUl/ kMér/ dual price system RbB½n§éføTVIk³/ RbB½n§éføBIr retained ~ R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk due 1> EdlCMBak; 2> Edldl;kMNt; ¬Edlmin)anebIk[m©as;h‘unCaPaKlaPeT¦ due date NRbtiTan/ éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak; ease, prices are inclined to éføman due-card salakb½Rtpþl;TMnij ninñakarfycuH dumping karcak;Kr/ karlk;bgçÚcéfø/ easement esvPaB/ siT§ieRbIR)as;dIGñkdéT ~ duty Bn§Tb;Tl;nwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø easy money policy eKalneya)ay duplication 1> kareFVI[eTVKuN sac;R)ak;gayRsYl ¬EdlsMrYlkarpÁt;pÁg; 2> karRtYtKña ¬tRbeyaCn_¦ sac;R)ak;edIm,IBRgIkesdækic©¦ durability PaBCab;lab;/ PaBzitezr 34
  • 43.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 easy terms of payment lkçxNÐTUTat; kmµviFIsßirPavUbnIykmµesdækic© gayRsYl economic cost-benefit analysis ecological equilibrium lMnwgeGkULÚsuI (ECBA) karviPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj ecological tourism eGkUeTscrN_ xagesdækic© ecological zone tMbn;eGkULÚsuI economical EdlsnSMsMéc ecology eGkULÚsuI economics viTüasaRsþesdækic© eco-national product (ENP) economies of scale esdækic©maRtdæan plitplbrisßanCati economist esdæviTU econometrics esdækic©maRtsaRsþ/ economise snSMsMéc viC¢avas;Evgesdækic© economy esdækic©/ sMéc/ balance of economic énesdækic©/ ~ austerity national ~ tulüPaBesdækic©Cati/ black ~ tbkmµesdækic©/ kart,itet,ótxagesdækic©/ esdækic©ggwt/ centrally planned ~ esdækic© ~ blockade/embargo karh‘u¿B½T§esdækic©/ EpnkarRbmUlpþúM/ decentralised ~ esdækic© ~ conditions lkçxNÐesdækic©/ sPaBkarN_ vimCÄkar/ capitalist ~ esdækic©mUlFn/ free esdækic©/ ~ conversion bMlas;esdækic© market ~ esdækic©TIpSaresrI/ planned ~ ¬BiessBIrcnasm<½n§eyaFamkrcnasm<½n§ esdækic©Epnkar/ political ~ esdækic© esdækic©minEmneyaFa¦/ ~ cooperation neya)ay/ ~ car rfynþsuIsaMgtic/ ~ size shRbtibtþikaresdækic©/ ~ corridor xñatFM ¬lk;efakebIeFobnwgbrimaNva¦ rebogesdækic©/ ~ corridor RckTVar esdækic©/ ~ education for all Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña crisis vibtþiesdækic©/ ~ cycle vdþ esdækic©/ ~ Education Sector Support downturn/recession karFøak;cuH esdækic©/ ~ Programme (ESSP) efficiency RbsiT§PaBesdækic©/ EpnkaryuT§saRsþsMrab;RTRTg;vis½yGb;rM ~ entity GgÁPaBesdækic©/ ~ forecast education service esvaGb;rM karBüakrN_esdækic©/ ~ impact plb:HBal; effective skþisiT§i xagesdækic©/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkarT½resdækic©/ effective date éf¶RbsiT§PaB ~ pattern lMnaMesdækic©/ ~ integration effective demand tMrUvkarCak;Esþg smahrNkmµesdækic©/ ~ model KMrUesdækic©/ effective rate of protection (ERP) ~ philosophy TsSnviC¢aesdækic©/ ~ policy GRtaKaMBarskþisiT§i eKalneya)ayesdækic©/ ~ projection effectiveness PaBskþisiT§i karKn;KUrxagesdækic©/ ~ sanction TNÐkmµ efficiency RbsiT§PaB esdækic©/ ~ stabilisation programme efficient EdlmansmtßPaB/ Edlmanpll¥/ 35
  • 44.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ~ worker kmµkrEdlmansmtßPaB citþTukdak;eTAelInieyaCit elaborate y:agl¥itl¥n;/ briyayy:agl¥itl¥n; employer nieyaCk elasticity PaByWt/ EdlGacpøas;bþÚr)an/ employment 1> kargar ¬eTogTat;manR)ak; ~ of supply and demand PaByWténkar kMér¦ 2> sßanPaBmankargareFVI/ ~ rate GRta pÁt;pÁg; nigtMrUvkar GñkmankargareFVI 3>karCYl ¬[bMerIkargar elderly Cncas;Cra eTogTat;¦/ ~ bureau kariyal½yrkkargar electoral official m®nþIe)aHeqñat eGayeFVI/ ~ shock karb:HTgÁicxagkargar electrification GKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµ/ rural empower v. pþl;GMNac¼pþl;siT§iGMNac[ ~ fund mUlniFiGKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµCnbT emulation karRbECgtamKMrUl¥ electronic adj. eGLicRtUnik enact a law Gnum½tc,ab; element smasFatu encode v. sresrCaelxkUd ¬bkERbPasa eligibility for bank loans PaBGacTTYl samBaØeTACaelxkUd¦ )anNTanBIFnaKar encouragement karelIkTwkcitþ/ karCMruj eligible EdlmansiT§i/ EdlGacTTYlyk)an end product plitplsMerc elite Gñkzan³x<s; end result plsMerc embargo karh‘¿uB½T§/ ninñivarN_ ¬]> karham endangered species RbePTesÞIrputBUC Xat;mineGaynaMTMnijecj-cUl¦/ lift an ~ ending inventory sareBIP½NÐcugRKa elIkkarh‘¿uB½T§ecj/ place an ~ dak;karh‘¿uB½T§ endorse v. 1> KaMRT 2> carxñg ¬ Éksar¦ embezzlement karekgRbv½Ba© endorse v. (an expense) cuHTidæakar emergency PaB bnÞan;¼Gasnñ/ in case of ¬bBa¢ak;yl;RBmelIcMNay¦ (French: viser) ~ kñúgkrNIbnÞan;/ ~ aid CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ endorsee GñkmansiT§ieRbIR)as;lixitsñam ~ condition lkçxNÐPaBGasnñ/ ~ fund tamcMNarxñg mUlniFise®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ loan kMcIse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ endorsement bidæielx/ cMNarBIxñg/ ~ relief CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ tax Bn§visamBaØ rUbiybdiePaK/ ~ for collection cMNarxñg emerging economies esdækic©kMBugegIbeT,Ig ÉksaredIm,IRbmUlR)ak; emerging markets TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig endorser GñkeFVIbidæielx/ GñkcarxñgÉksar/ emission bnSay ¬]> ]sµ½nBul¦ rUbiybdiePaKI emolument brilaP/ R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg endowment R)ak;pþl;[/ TayC¢Tan ¬R)ak; emotional buying motive bMNgTij EbgEckCaeTogTat;sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy¦ edayrMePIbcitþ energy conservation karsnSMsMécfamBl emphasise v. sgát;F¶n;/ KUsbBa¢ak; energy efficiency RbsiT§PaBfamBl employee nieyaCit/ ~ oriented Edlyk enforce payment v. bgçMeGayTUTat; 36
  • 45.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 enforce v. dak;eGayRbtibtþi/ dak;bgçM[Gnuvtþ/ karb:HBal;brisßan/ ~ protection BRgwgkarGnuvtþn_ ¬c,ab;¦/ enforcement (n) kic©karBarbrisßan/ ~ security snþisuxbrisßan enforceable mantMélRbtibtþi/ Gacdak;bgMç envoy eRbsit¼ebskCnBiess [Gnuvtþ)an equality smPaB/ income ~ smPaBén engage v. Bak;B½n§cUl R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ benefit plRbeyaCn_esµIKña/ engagement karcUlRbLÚk equalisation kareFVIeGaymansmPaB engine of economic growth equation smIkar k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdækic© equilibrium lMnwg/ tulüPaB/ smta/ enhancement karelIksÞÜy ~ price éfølMnwg enough RKb;RKan; equitable edaysmFm’/ esµIPaB enquiry esckþIesñI/ equities h‘unFmµta make enquiries saksYrB½t’man equity n. RTBüm©as; ¬RTBüskmµ dk enrollment rate (school) bMNUlcrnþ nigh‘unGnueRKaH¦ GRtacuHeQµaHcUleron equity smFm’/ with ~ EdlmansmFm’/ ~ enterprise shRKas/ free ~ shRKasesrI fund mUlniFismFm’ ¬minenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;rdæ¦/ small- equity capital Tunm©as;h‘unFmµta scale ~ shRKasxñattUc equity of redemption siTi§ls; entertainment karkMsanþ/ ~ centre ¬rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk¦ mNÐlkMsanþ equity participation PaKkmµ ¬cUlh‘un¦ entitle v. pþl;siT§i equivalent smmUl/ esµIKña/ b:unKña/ ~ to entity GgÁPaB/ legal ~ nItibuKÁl smmUlnwg/ ~ value tMélsmmUl entrepreneur shRKin error el¥óg/ kMhus/ micäaelx/ ~ in entrepreneurship shRKinPaB/ lkçN³ measurement el¥ógkñúgkarvas;Evg écñRbDitrksuI escalation karrIkraldal ¬TMnas;¦/ entry 1> elxna ¬KNenyü¦ 2> karcUl/ kMeNInkartantwg ~ point cMNuccUl/ RckcUl escrow, in EdlrkSaTukkñúgédttIyCn enumerator GñkcuHeFVIGegát/ GñksYrGegát essential Casarvnþ/ ~ goods TMnijCasarvnþ ¬KYreRbI interviewer rW surveyor vij¦ established business GaCIvkmµEdl environment brisßan/ ~ scan karemIl cak;bJsehIy/ GaCIvkmµmanRsab; cMNucsMxan;kñúgbrisßan establishment 1> RKwHsßan 2> karbegáIt environmental adj. énbrisßan/ ~ impact estate 1> dIkmµsiT§i ¬FM²¦ 37
  • 46.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 2> RTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlEdlsøab; karbþÚrR)ak;/ ~ dumping karlk;bMpøajGRta estate agent Pñak;garrksuICYl rWlk;Gcln bþÚrR)ak;/ ~ gain/loss cMeNj¼kMhatelI RTBü karbþÚrR)ak;/ ~ office kariyal½ybþÚrR)ak; estate, real GclnRTBü 2> pSar/ kEnøglk;Tij/ stock ~ pSarh‘un estimate v. )a:n;sµan/ vaytémø exchange rate or rate of exchange estimated profit R)ak;cMeNj)a:n;sµan GRtabþÚrR)ak;/ monthly average ~ GRta estimation bias lMeGogénkar)a:n;sµan bþÚrR)ak;mFümRbcaMEx/ closing ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak; ethics sIlFm’/ sIlFm’viC¢aCIv³ ¬RkmsIlFm’¦ enAeBlbiT/ fixed ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;minERbRbYl¼ ethnography CatiBn§úviTüa efr/ parallel market ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;TIpSar/ Eurodollar duløarGWr:ub ¬duløarepJIkñúgFnaKarenA forward ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/ eRkAshrdæGaemriksMrab;bMerIBaNiC©kmµkñúgGWr:ub¦ official ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;pøÚvkar/ spot ~ GRta evaluation karvaytémø/ credit project ~ bþÚrR)ak;dl;éd karvaytMélKMeragNTan exchange, letter of (or bill of ) evasion (tax) kareKc ¬Bn§¦ rUbiyaNtþi even number elx Kt;KUr¼KUr excise tax GakrBiess ¬c,ab;km<úCa³ Gakr event RBwtþikarN_/ ~ of default krNIKµan BiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnYn¦ lT§PaBsg excise tax revenues rC¢eTyücMNUl eventuality yfaehtu exclusive agent tMNagpþac;mux evidence Psþútag exclusive right siT§ipþac;mux evolution karvivtþn_ executive adj. Edl Rbtibtþi¼Gnuvtþ/ evolving process dMeNIkarvivtþþin_ ~ body/entity/unit esnaFikar/ ~ director exacerbate eFVIeGayrwtEtF¶n;F¶r naykRbtibtþi/ ~ committee KN³kmµaFikar examine v. Binitü Rbtibtþi/ ~ structure rcnasm<½n§Rbtibtþi/ ex-ante price éføEpnkar ¬muneBlGnuvtþ ~ summary esckþIsegçb ¬segçbÉksar Cak;Esþg¦ EdlEvgsMrab;fñak;dwknaMGan¦ excavation kMNay ¬buraNviTüa¦ executive n. 1> fñak;dwknaM/ chief ~ nayk exceed v. elIs Rkumh‘un 2> GMNacnItiRbtibtþi excess n. & adj. 1> el,Is/ sMNl; ¬fvika¦ executive power GMNacnItiRbtibtþi 2> elIs/ ~ capacity smtßPaBelIs ¬rdæaPi)al¦/ GMNacRbtibtþi ¬sßab½nepSgeTot ¬tMrUvkarplit¦/ ~ reserve R)ak;bMrugelIs dUcCaRkumRbwkSaXMu¦ exchange 1> karedaHdUr/ karbþÚr/ karpøas;bþÚr exemption, tax karelIkElgBn§/ muFaPaB ¬BaNiC¢kmµ¦/ ~ control karRtYtBinitü énBn§Gakr 38
  • 47.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 exert pressure v. dak;sMBaF/ eFVIkarekobsgát; explicit Cak;lak;/ ~ instruction bTbBa¢a existence GtßiPaB Cak;lak; existing EdlmanRsab;/ ~ structure exploitation GaCIvkmµ/ ~ of natural rcnasm<½n§EdlmanRsab;/ ~ level of resources kareFVIGaCIvkmµFnFanFmµCati development kMrit manRsab;¼GtßiPaB exploration karrukrk/ oil ~ karrukrk énkarGPivDÆn_ eRbgkat exit point cMNucecj/ Rckecj exponential growth kMeNInGicSb:UNg;sIuEyl ex-officio tamGMNacmuxgar ¬]> tam export v. & n. 1>naMecj 2>karnaMecj/ GMNac¼edaysar muxgarCahirBaØik Kat;RtUv nIhr½N/ ~ article/item muxTMnijnaMecj/ køayCasmaCikénKN³kmµkarhirBaØvtßú¦ ~ duty Bn§naMecj/ ~ subsidies ]btßmÖFn exogenous xageRkA/ negative ~ factors sMrab;karnaMecj/ ~ licence GaCJab½NÑnaMecj/ ktþaGviC¢manxageRkA ~ monopoly karnaMecjpþac;mux/ ~ tariff expansion karBRgIk/ vibulkmµ/ vibulkar/vitßarkmµ taragBn§naMecj/ ~ of workers karnaMecj expatriate (or expat) GñkcMeNalRsuk/ Blkmµ GaNikCn exportation karnaMecj/ nIhr½Nkmµ exporter GñknaMecj/ nIharin expectation, rational karrMBwgsmehtupl exporting firm Rkumh‘unnaMecj expected profit R)ak;cMeNjrMBwgTuk exports TMnijnaMecj expend v. cMNay/ cay ex-post project evaluation karvay expenditure n. cMNay/ capital ~ cMNay CamUlFn/ current ~ cMNaycrnþ ¬cMNayCa tMéleRkayeBlKMeragcb; exposure (banking) haniP½y/ large ~ RbcaMkñúgÉksarxøH¦/ ~ curve ExSekagcMNay expenses, administrative cMNayrdæ)al haniP½yFM extended fund facility (EFF) expenses, sundry cMNayepSg² experience n. bTBiesaFn_ ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnßm extension karbnþeBl ¬eGay¦ experiment n. BiesaFn_ extensive adj. yfapl/ ~ agriculture experimental learning cycle vdþeronsURtedaydkBiesaFn_ ksikmµyfapl external accounts KNnIépÞeRkA experimentation BiesaFnkmµ/ karBiesaFn_ external aid CMnYyBIxageRkA ¬RbeTs¦ expertise ekaslüvic½y external balance CBa¢IgTUTat;GnþrCati expiration of a contract karputkMNt; externalities 1> plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA énkic©snüa 39
  • 48.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 2> ktþaxageRkA ktþacMnUlbzm/ primary ~ of production extract sMrg; ktþaplitkmµbzm extraction karykecjmk/ karykEr:/ factual Cak;Esþg/ ~ situation sßanPaBCak;Esþg nisSarNkmµ fad GVIEdleKniymmYyRKa² extractive industry ]sSahkmµykEr: fail v. xkxan/ kS½yFn/ KµaneCaKC½y extradition btüab½n fair mansmFm’/ edayyutþiFm’/ RtwmRtUv/ ¬karRbKl;CnCab;ecaTeTA[RbeTsepSg¦ principle of ~ competition eKalkarN_ extraordinary session sm½yRbCMuvisamBaØ RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ ~ price éføsmrmü extrapolation karKn;KUr fairness PaBsmrmü extra-structural adjustment facility fait(s) accompli(s) RBwtþin½y ¬GVIEdl)an (ESAF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;EktMrUvbEnßm ekItehIy bþÚrElg)an¦ extrinsic reward rgVan;mkBIeRkA fall in prices karFøak;éfø ex-warehouse priceéfø¬lk;¦ecjBIXøaMg fall sharply v. Føak;cuHy:agKMhuk ¬]> éfø ex-works/ex-factory price éfø ¬lk;¦ plitpl¦ ecjBIeragcRk fallacious EdlbMPan; false adj. Ekøgkøay/ minBit falsify v. Ekøgkøay F, f family allowance(s) viPaCn_RKYsar/ R)ak;]btßmÖRKYsar fabric of peace, strengthen the family business GaCIvkmµCalkçN³RKYsar BRgwgekasikasnþiPaBeGaypSarP¢ab;Kñal¥ family food production plitkmµ face value tMélcuHelIb½NÑ es,ógCalkçN³RKYsar facilitate v. CYysMrYl/ bgálkçN³gayRsYl family scale (fishing) ¬karensaT¦ facilities eRKOgsMrYlkar/ kEnøgsMrYlkar CalkçN³RKYsar facility kargayRsYl/ ]bkrN_sMrYl/ extended family well-being suxumalPaBRKYsar fund ~ ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnßm famine TurÖikS/ karGt;Xøan fact GgÁehtu fancy k,ac;k,Úr/ hWuha fact-finding mission ebskkmµEsVgrkkarBit fare éføQñÜlyanCMniH/ concessionary ~ éfø factor ktþa/ ~ cost ktþatMél ¬BaküeRbIkñúg QñÜlGnueRKaH/ full ~ éføQñÜleBj/ half ~ éfø KNnICatisMedAdl;plitplKittaméføTIpSar QñÜlBak;kNþal/ single/one way ~ éføeFVI bUk]btßmÖFn dkBn§pÞal;ecj¦/ primary ~ dMeNIrEteTA rW Etmk/ return ~ (roundtrip ~) cost ktþatMélbzm/ primary ~ income éføeFVIdMeNIreTAmk/ high/low season ~ éføQñl 40
  • 49.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 x<s; rWTabtamrdUv fiduciary currency rUbiyvtßú rW R)ak;Rkdas farm ksidæan, ~ equipment brikçarksidæan fiduciary loan kMcIKµanvtßúFana farming rbrksikmµ/ extensive ~ kareFVI field expenditure cMnaycuHeFVIkardl;kEnøg ksikmµtamEbbvibulvb,kmµ/ ksikmµyfapl/ FIFO (first in, first out) hVIúhVÚ ¬cUlmun intensive ~ ksikmµGtipl/ kareFVIksikmµtam ecjmun¦ filing 1> kartMkl;Tuk 2> kardak;CUnBinitü EbbRbBlvb,kmµ filing system RbB½n§erobcMÉksar far-sighted EdlemIleXIjEvgq¶ay fill in a form bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT FAS (free alongside ship) éføTMnijdwk final cugeRkay/ ~ goods plitplsMerc/ dl;EKmnava ~ output Fatuecj¼plitpl cugeRkay/ fast selling items TMnijlk;dac;elOn ~ consumption kareRbIR)as;cugeRkay/ fast-food restaurant ePaCnIydæan ~ provisions Gvsanb,BaØtiþ ¬c,ab;¦/ Gaharrh½s ~ settlement karTUTat;pþac; fauna rc¢³stV ¬BBYkstV¦ finance officer m®nþIhirBaØvtßú favor karGnueRKaH finance v. pþl;hirBaØb,Tan/ pþl;Tun favourable GMeNaypl/ ~ conditions financial énhirBaØvtßú/ ~ accounting lkçxNÐGMeNaypl/ ~ trade balance KNenyühirBaØvtßú/ ~ assistance CMnYy CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµl¥ hirBaØvtßú/ ~ autonomy sV½yPaBhirBaØvtßú/ favouritism GnueRKaHniym ~ appropriation R)ak;viPaCn_/ ~ charge/ fax TUrsar cost bnÞúkcMNayhirBaØvtßú/ ~ crisis vibtiþ feasibility study karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an rW karsikSaBIsmiT§ilT§PaB hirBaØvtßú/ ~ forecast karBüakrN_hirBaØvtßú/ ~ institution sßab½nhirBaØvtßú/ ~ panic feature lkçN³sMKal;/ vtßúniTÞsSn_ fee kMér/ esah‘uy/ licence ~ kMérGaCJab½NÑ GehtuP½yhirBaØvtßú/ ~ liquidation karCMrH feedback B½t’manRtLb; hirBaØvtßú/ ~ pressure sMBaF hirBaØvtßú/ ~ rate of return GRtaTajcMNUlhirBaØvtßú/ ~ ¬B½t’manpþl;mkeGayvij¦ reform kMENTMrg;hirBaØvtßú/ ~ services esva feet, foot hVIt/ hVÚt/ ¬rgVas;RbEvg¦ felony bT]Rkidæ hirBaØvtßú/ ~ shocks karb:HTgÁicxaghirBaØvtßú/ ~ self-sufficiency PaBm©as;karxaghirBaØvtßú/ fertility PaBmankUn/ ~ rate GRtamankUn ~ standing sßanPaBhirBaØvtßú/ CMhrhirBaØvtßú/ feudalism skþiPUminiym ~ year qñaMhirBaØvtßú/ kariybriecäT fiduciary Cnkan;tMENgCaTITMnukcitþ/ abuse financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA) of ~ karrMelaPesckþITukcitþ 41
  • 50.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 karviPaKcMNay nigplcMeNjhirBaØvtßú fixture eRKOgbMBak;Cab;/ fixtures and financial manager (French: fittings eRKOgbMBak; ¬TaMgGcl½t nigcl½t ordonnateur) GaNab½k/ principal ~ GaNab½k Edllk;eTACamYynwgpÞH¦ edImExS/ delegated ~ GaNab½kepÞrsiT§i flammable substance sarFatueqH financing hirBaØb,Tan/ ~ arm saxapþl; flat sMEb:t/ rab/ qakar/ ~ fee kMérqaka/ hirBaØb,Tan/ ~ modalities EbbbTpþl; ~ price éføqakar hirBaØb,Tan flaw ex©aH/ KuNvibtþi finding rbkKMehIj/ lT§plrkeXIj/ KMehIj/ flawed Edlmanex©aH/ EdlmanKuNvibtþi karrkeXIj flexible Edlbt;Ebn)an/ Tn;Pøn;/ ~ exchange fine v. & n. 1> pakBin½y 2> R)ak;pakBin½y rate GRtabþÚrR)ak; rs;¼Tn;Pøn; finished goods/products plitpl sMerc flight of capital lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn fire insurance karFanar:ab;rgeRKaHGKÁIP½y flimsy paper RkdaseBIelo ¬RkdasesþIg¦ firm GgÁPaBGaCIB/ shRKas float v. 1> GENþt/ 2> dak;[GENþt/ firm offer karsnüalk;Cak;lak; floating rate GRta ¬karR)ak;¦ GENþt firm sale karlk;pþac; ¬tamkic©snüaRtwmRtUv¦ floating capital TuunbgVil fiscal énsareBIBn§/ ~ deficit »nPaB flooded forest éRBlicTwk sareBIBn§/ ~ policy neya)aysareBIBn§/ floor price éføGb,brma ~ year qñaMsareBIBn§ flora rukçCati fish culture/farming karciBa©wmRtI flotation of a new company karcab;epIm þ fisheries reform kMENTMrg;vis½yensaT ebIkRkumh‘unfµIedaylk;snøwkh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH nigClpl flow lMhUr/ karhUr fisheries resource FnFanClpl flow chart tarag/ GgÁkarelx fishery karensaT flow, stock snñiFicracr fishery zone EdnensaT/ reserved ~ fluctuation kareLIgcuH¬éfø¦ EdnensaTbMrugTuk FOB (free on board) éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava fishing lot LÚt_ensaT FOB airport éføTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandæan fixed Cab;lab;/ efr/ Gcl½t/ ~ asset RTBü FOB shipment to destination skmµCab;lab;/ Gclkmµ/ ~ capital TunGcl½t/ éføTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA Gclkmµ¬CamUlFn¦/ ~ cost/ expenses FOB trimmed éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava bnÞúkcMNayefr/ ~ deposit R)ak;beBaØIman nigerobeGay kalkMNt;/ ~ rate GRtaefr ¬minERbRbYl¦ FOB under tackle fixing of quotas karkMNt;kUta/ kardak;kUta éføTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag 42
  • 51.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 focal point cMNucRbsBV vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs/ ~ inflows lMhUrcUlBI focus v. & n. 1> epþat 2> cMNucepþat breTs ¬CMnYy/ rUbiyb½NÑ>>¦/ ~ liabilities following tameRkay/ ~ year qñaMeRkay (bank) RTBüGkmµbreTs/ ~ reserves FnbMrug ¬qñaMeRkayTI1¦ breTs/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµ eRkARbeTs follow-up v. & n. tamdanbnþ foreign-aid programme kmµviFICMnYybreTs food mðÚbGahar/ es,óg/ ~ price index foreign-trade turnover snÞsSn_éfømðÚbGahar/ ~ products/stuffs cMNUlBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs plitples,óg foreman emkar/ emRkum ¬Cag/ kmµkr¦ food balance tulükares,óg ¬brimaN foresight karyl;dwgmun es,ógTaMgGs;Edlman eFobnwg cMnYnRbCaCn forest éRBeQI/ protected ~ areas EdlRtUvciBa©wm¦ tMbn;éRBkarBar/ ~ concession éRBsm,Tan/ food for work es,ógsMrab;Blkmµ coupe ~ éRBKub/ operable ~ éRBeQIGac ¬]> GgárBlkmµ¦ eFVIGaCIvkmµ)an food security snþisuxes,óg forest product/sub-product GnupléRBeQI FOR (free on rail) éføTMnijdwkdl;elIpøÚvEdk forestry rukçsaRsþ force 1> kMlaMg 2> kMlaMgBlkmµ forfeit money R)ak;Bin½y force majeure RbFanskþi forfeit v. kat;ecj/ )at;bg; ¬CakarBin½y¦ force, come into cUlCaFrman/ forfeited to the government ¬RtUv)an¦ manRbsiT§PaB rwbGUsCasm,tþirdæ forecast v. & n. BüakrN_ forgery karEkøg foreclose a mortgage v. bþwgGMNUs/ form RTg;RTay/ legal ~ rUbPaBKtiyutþ rwbGUskmµsiT§iGclnvtßúdak;Fana/ bþwgTamTar form (document) TMrg;kar ¬Éksar¦ kmµsiT§i niekçbRTBü¼RTBübBa©aM ¬edaysareK form and legal concepts of the law min)ansgbMNultamkic©snüa¦ TMrg; nig Kti énc,ab; foregoing esckþIeTIbelIkeLIg formal pøÚvkar/ erobry/ ~ sector vis½y foreign breTs/ ~ accounts KNnIenA erobry breTs/ ~ assets RTBüskmµbreTs/ RTBübeBaØI formalities EbbbT/ TMrg;EbbbT/ TMrg;kar/ enAbreTs/ ~ balance CBa¢IgTUTat; GnþrCati/ fulfil v. ~ bMeBjEbbbT ~ currency/exchange rUbiyvtßú breTs ¬rW formulation mission ebskkmµelIkmti rUbiyb½NѦ/ ~ exchange auction karedjéfø forward mankalkMNt; ¬enAGnaKt¦/ rUbiyb½NÑ/ ~ direct investment (FDI) ~ delivery karRbKl;mankalkMNt;/ 43
  • 52.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ~ price éfølk;mankalkMNt; free of charge edaytbg;éfø forward v. bBa¢ÚnTMnij free on board and trimmed (see forwarding agency TIPñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún FOB trimmed) éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava forwarding, advice of lixitCUndMNwg nigerobeGay bBa¢ÚnTMnij free on rail (see FOR) FOT (free on truck) éføTMnijdwkdl;elIrfynþ free on truck (see FOT) foul bill of lading b½NÑdwkCBa¢Únminl¥ free will ¬eday¦ suT§citþ ¬EdlbBa¢ak;BIsßanPaBTMnijminl¥enAeBl freedom of association m©as;navaTTYlva¦ esrIPaBksagsmaKm foundation 1> RKwH/ mUldæanRKwH/ xøwmsar freehold property kmµsiT§iKµankalkMNt; 2> mUlniFi freeze kk/ bgák/ wage freeze karbgák founder n. sßabnik/ GñkbegIátRkumh‘un ebovtSr_ ¬mineGayeLIgcuH¦ founder v. rlM/ TTYlbraC½y freight éfødwkCBa¢Ún/ ~ forward éfødwkRtUv founding instrument ÉksarbegáIt bg;edayGñkTij ¬Rkumh‘un¦ freight prepaid éfødwkCBa¢Ún)anbg;mun frame Rkb/ Rkbx½NÐ freight, ad valorem éfødwkCBa¢Únyktam framework Rkbx½NÐ éføTMnij franchise siT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ frequency PaBjwkjab;/ eRhVkg; ¬]> viTüú¦ ¬edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkmµ¦ freshwater Twksab/ ~fisheries franchisee GñkTTYlsiT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ karensaTTwksab ~fish RtITwksab franchiser Gñkpþl;siT§ieGayeRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ fringe benefits GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßm fraud karéKbnøM frozen account KNnI p¥wb¼bBaÄb; fraudulent EdléKbnøM frozen assets RTBüp¥ib/ RTBüCab;kþI free esrI/ ~ market economy esdækic© frozen capital mUlFn p¥wb¼bBaÄb; pSaresrI/ carriage ~ dwkeGayminKitéfø fruitful EdlmanEpøpáa ¬GñkTijmin)ac;ecjéfødwkeT¦ fuel eRKOgeqH/ n§n³ free alongside ship (FAS) full eBj/ Eq¥t/ sBVRKb;/ ~ price éføeBj éfødwkTMnijdl;EKmnava ¬KµancuHéfø¦/ ~ capacity smtßPaBeBjelj free board and lodging full time work kargareBjem:ag Gaharnigsñak;enAedaytbg;éfø fully fledged bank FnaKarmanRKb;esva free currency rUbiyvtßúTijlk;)anedayesrI ¬EdlFMFat;eBjrUbrag¦ ¬rdæKµandak;kMhitRtYtRta¦ 44
  • 53.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 full-right representative tMNageBjsiT§i gamble on the stock exchange v. fully paid up Edl)anTUTat;TaMgRsug elgEl,gTijdUrsnøwkh‘un function muxgar gap KMlat fund mUlniFi/ ~ accounting systems garment industry ]sShkmµkat;edr RbB½n§KNenyümUlniFi/ ~ flow lMhUrmUlniFi/ garnishee n. ttiyCnGMNUs ¬GñkEdlCMBak; ~ raising karérGgÁasmUlniFi R)ak;dl;buKÁlmñak; ehIyEdlRtUvtulakarbBa¢a[ fund (French: provision) sMviFanvtßú sgR)ak;eTAm©as;bMNulrbs;buKÁlmñak;enaH¦ ¬sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ gateway mat;Rck/ international comm- fundamental adj. CaRKwH/ CamUldæan/ unication ~ mat;RckTUrKmnaKmn_GnþrCati ~ research karRsavRCavCaRKwH gather RbmUlpMúþ funding agency/project TIPñak;gar¼ GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs KMerag pþl;mUlniFi and Trade) hÁat;/ kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBI funds held in trust mUlniFibeBaØI ¬]> GgÁkar taragBn§KynigBaNiC¢kmµ k EdleTIbbegáItfµI minTan;manKNnIenAFnaKar GDP (gross domestic product) pss enAeLIy. TaykGacpþl;R)ak; eGayGgÁkar k ¬plitplkñúgRsuksrub¦ edayepJIvacUl KNnIrbs;GgÁkar x Edlman gem or gemstone t,ÚgmantMél TMMnak;TMngl¥CamYyxøÜn edIm,I[GgÁkarenHebIkpþl; gender eynD½r ¬tYnaTIbursRsþI¦ bnþeTA[GgÁkar k¦ gene EhSn/ modify a gene EkécñEhSn fungibility PaBEdlGacykeTACMnYsKña)an general 1> TUeTA/ eKalkarN_ ¬kñúgRbkas>>¦/ ¬rbs;nimYy²Kµan lkçN³¼tMrUvkar edIm,IsMKal; ~ points (in law) kMNt;TUeTA/ ~ provisions ecjBIKñaeT³ ]> EdkeKal¦/ fungible adj. bTb,BaØtþiTUeTA 2> GKÁ/ ~ director GKÁnayk fungibles TMnijGacføwg¼rab;>>>)an general and administrative expenses future value tMélGnaKt cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrdæ)al general inspector GKÁaFikar/ deputy ~ GKÁaFikarrg G, g general inspectorate GKÁaFikardæan general ledger (accounting) esovePAFM gain n. & v. 1> kMeNIn/ capital ~ tMélelIs general meeting mhasnñi)at ¬elIkarlk;RTBüskmµCab;lab;¦ 2> ekIneT,Ig/ general partner GñkcUlh‘unKµankMrit cMeNj ¬CaR)ak;¦ ¬TTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit¦ galloping inflation GtiprNaelatepøaH general regulations nItirYm 45
  • 54.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 general rule, as a tamviFanTUeTA goal eKaledA generality PaBTUeTA going concern GaCIvkmµmandMeNIrkar generalisation kareFVI[manlkçN³TUeTA going price éføFmµta/ éføcrnþ Generalised System of Preferences going rate GRtaFmµta/ GRtacrnþ (GSP) RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA gold standard sþg;darmas/ ~ system generally accepted accounting RbB½n§bþÚrR)ak;tamsþg;darmas principle (GAAP) eKalkarN_ goods TMnij/ capital ~ TMnijmUlFn/ KNenyümankarTTYlsÁal;TUeTA consumer/consumable ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;/ genetic énEhSn/ ~ sequence lMdab;EhSn dry ~ RkNat;nigexaGav/ faulty ~ TMnij genetic modification (GM) karécñµEhSn/ xUcKuNPaB/ finished ~ plitplsMerc/ free GM food GaharécñEhSn/ GM agriculture circulation ~ TMnijcracresrI/ luxury ~ ksikmµécñEhSn TMnijRbNit/ household ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;kñúg genome CINUm/ sMNMuEhSn pÞH/ manufactured ~ TMnijeFVIedaym:asuIn/ genus BYk/ CMBUk ¬stV/ rukçCati >>>¦ ~ and services TMnij nigesva/ ~ in bond geography, economic PUmiviTüaesdækic© TMnijenAXøaMgKy ¬rg;caMkarbg;Bn§¦/ ~ in geology PUKBÖsaRsþ stock TMnijkñúgsþúk/ ~ left on hand TMnijRtUv gesture kayvikar )anbdiesFminTTYl/ ~ in transit TMnijqøg gift GMeNay kat;/ ~ on consignment TMnijepJIeTAlk; gilt-edged investments vinieyaKman goodwill 1> ekrþ×eQµaHCMnYj/ mUlniFiBaNiC¢kmµ suvtßiPaBx<s; ¬]> b½NÑrtnaKar¦ 2> suqnÞ³ global adj. sakl/ srub/ ~ demand governance GPi)alkic©/ local ~ GPi)al tMrUvkarsrub/ ~ social product plitpl kic©mUldæan sgÁmsrub/ ~ economic recession government rdæaPi)al/ ~ and institutional karFøak;cuHesdækic©Casakl accounting KNenyürdæaPi)al nigKNenyü globalisation of economy sßab½n/ ~ agency sßab½nrdæ/ ~ securities saklPavUbnIykmµesdækic© sBaØab½NÑrdæaPi)al glossary sTÞanuRkm/ bTanuRkm grace period (debt payment) glut eRcInkkkuj/ ~ the market eRcIn efrevlaGnueRKaH liclg;TIpSar grade (civil servant) fñak; GNP (gross national product) grading karEbgEckKuNPaB plitplCatisrub/ plTunCatisrub/ ~ deflator grand plan bøg;cMbg snÞsSn_britþprNaplitplCatisrub 46
  • 55.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 grand total srubrYm TUTat;/ ~ certificate or certificate of ~ grandstanding karykkMBs; b½NÑFanaKuNPaB/ quality ~ karFanaKuNPaB grant GMeNayhirBaØvtßú/ ~ aid CMnYytsMNg guaranteed bill of exchange graphics RkahVik/ BinÞúerxIy_ rUbiyaNtþimankarFana grassroots level kMritmUldæan guaranteed deposit fund R)ak;kk; grassroots organisation guarantees and commitments under GgÁkarfñak;eRkam ¬kMritRbCaCn¦ signature (banking) karsnüatamhtßelxa gratuity R)ak;sKuN/ sT§aTan/ CMnUn ¬tbsñg¦ guarantor GñkFana ¬]> elIGñkNamñak; Greater Mekong Sub-region kñúgkarsgbMNul¦ mhaGnutMbn;emKgÁ guardianship GaNaBüa)al green revolution bdivtþn_ébtg guideline eKalkarN_ENnaM greenhouse pÞHkBa©k;/ ~ effect bc©½y guilt BiruT§PaB pÞHkBa©k;/ ~ gas ]sµ½npÞHkBa©k; grid bNþaj ¬RbTak;RkLa¦ gross dul/ srub/ ~ domestic product (GDP) plitplkñúgRsuksrub ¬pss¦/ H, h ~ margin cMeNjdul/ Gb,hardul ¬Ca habitual CaTMlab; PaKryénéfølk;¦/ ~ national product hacker hak;K½r ¬GñklYceRCotcUleTAkñúg (GNP) plitpl¼plTun Catisrub/~ price éfødul/ ~ negligence kareFVsRbEhsF¶n;F¶r RbB½n§kMuBüÚT½rrbs;GñkdéT ¦ half Bak;kNþal/ first ~ of the 6th ¬c,ab;¦/ ~ output Fatuecjdul/ ~ profit century Bak;kNþalTI1 énstvtSr_TI6 cMeNjdul/ ~ proceeds/receipts/returns hallucination mmal/ karmmal cMNUldul/ ~ weight TMgn;dul hand bill xitþb½NÑ ¬b½NÑeXasnapSBVpSay groupage/grouped bill of lading vikáybRtdwkCBa¢Únsrub EckeGaypÞal;éd¦ handicraft sib,kmµ/ vtßúeFVIedayéd/ growth kMeNIn/ karlUtlas;/ ~ rate ~ goods TMnijsib,kmµ GRtakMeNIn handle cat;Ecg/ edaHRsay/ ~ a situation GSP (Generalised System of Preferences) RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA edaHRsaysßankarN_ handling (goods) karelIkdak; guarantee karFana/ vtßúFana/ ~ for a loan hard rwg/ lM)ak/ ~ condition lkçxNÐ vtßFanasMrab;kMcI/ ~ of payment karFana twgEtg/ ~ bargain kartéfød¾twgEtg/ ~ cash 47
  • 56.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 sac;R)ak;mankñúgéd hidden adj. bgáb;/ ~ reserves FnbMrugbgáb; hard disk (computer) fasrwg hierarchy zananuRkm hardware eRKOgcRkF¶n;/ Faturwg ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ high grade (ore) KuNPaBx<s; ¬Er:¦ harmonisation suxdumnIykmµ/ kareFVI[ high school viTüal½y/ junior ~ GnuviTüal½y manPaBcuHsMrugKña high-tech (sector) bec©kviTüax<s; ¬vis½y¦ harmonised EdlrlUnKña hindsight karyl;dwgtameRkay ¬KWman harmony PaBsuxdumrmna bTBiesaFn_edayRBwtkarN_)anekIteLIgehIy¦ iþ harsh conditions lkçxNÐtwgEtg hire-purchase agreement kic©snüaCYl- haulage éfødwkTMnij/ kardwkTMnij ¬tamrfynþ Tijpþac;/ kic©snüaTijbNþak; rW rfePøIg¦/ ~ cost (rates) éfødwkTMnij/ historic/historical cost tMéltam ~ company/firm Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij RbvtþisaRsþ ¬tMélCak;EsþgkalBIeBlTijcUl¦ hazardous EdlRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; historical steps CMhanmanGtßn½yCaRbvtþisaRsþ head office kariyal½yFM/ TIcat;karFM hold in trust kan;kab;CakarepJITuk head tax Bn§mnusS holder (of a cheque...) Gñkkan; heading cMNgeCIg/ xÞg; ¬taragtulükar¦ holder in due course Gñkkan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ headquarters (of a company) Kahkniy½t TIsñak;karkNþal holding company Rkumh‘unhUlDij ¬kan; health care karEfTaMsuxPaB kab;Cag 50°énPaKh‘unkñúgRkumh‘unmYyeTot¦ healthy EdlmansuxPaBl¥/ ~ balance home market pSarkñúgRsuk sheet taragtulükarEsþgplcMeNj/ ~ profit homelessness PaBKµanpÞHsMEbg plcMeNjkñúgcMnYny:ageRcIn home-made plitenA kñúgRsuk¼pÞH hearing svnakar homogeneity PaBesµIsac; heavy equipment brikçarFunF¶n; homogenous adj. sPaK/ esµIsac; ¬dUcKña¦ heavy industry ]sSahkmµFunF¶n; honorarium R)ak;sKuN hedged ¬EdlRtUv)an¦karBarkarxatbg; horizontal epþk/ ~ coordination heir TayaT ¬GñkTTYlmrtk¦ karsMrbsMrYltamExSepþk ¬rW ExSTTwg¦ hereafter BIenHteTA horticulture sakvb,kmµ/ kareFVIc,ardMNaM hereby tamry³enH host government rdæaPi)alm©as;pÞH heritage mrtk/ national ~ ebtikP½NÐCati hot money (money moving frequently heterogeneity PaBminesµIsac; from one country to another) luyekþA heterogeneous laycMruHKña/ visman/ household RKYsar/ RKY/ female-headed ~ visPaK ¬mindUcKña/ minesµIsac;¦ RKYsarRsþIemRKY/ male-headed ~ RKYsar 48
  • 57.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 bursemRKY idle TMenrecal/ KµaneRbIkar/ ~ capital household equipment brikçareKhkic© TunKµaneRbIkar/ ~ time em:agTMenrecal household survey GegátRKYsar ¬m:asuIneFVIkar)anEtKµandMeNIrkar¦ housing pÞHsñak;enA/ karpþl;pÞHsñak;enA/ illegal adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ contract kic©snüa pÞHsMEbg ¬xÞg;cMNay¦/ ~ loan kMcIsMrab; xusc,ab; sg;¼TijpÞH illicit adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ alcohol Rsaxusc,ab; human-capital investment vinieyaK ill-will TuqnÞ³ ¬bMNgGaRkk;¦ TunmnusS imbalance GtulüPaB/ nantþþPaB humanism mnusSniym imaginary profit cMeNjRbDit humanitarian assistance CMnYymnusSFm’ immaculate Ecs ¬fµI/ s¥at¦ humanitarian relief immediate objective TisedAbnÞan; karse®gÁaHEpñkmnusSFm’ immediate payment karTUTat;Pøam² humanity mnusSCati/ nrCati immediate supervisor GñkemIlkarxus husbanding of resources karKitKUr RtUvpÞal; sMécFnFan immobilise (finance) eFVIGclkmµ hydropower construction sMNg; immoral GsIlFm’ varIGKÁisnI immovable (property) n. GclnRTBü hyperinflation GtiprNaelatepøaH immunity 1> PaBsuaM ¬nwgCMgW¦ hypothesis smµtikmµ 2> GP½yÉksiT§i/ diplomatic ~ GP½yÉksiTi§ karTUt impact plb:HBal; I, i impartial minlMeGog impartiality PaBminlMeGog/ GnaKti idea KMnit impeccable tex©aH ideal ]tþmKti imperfection PaBmanex©aH/ GnibuNPaB idealised condition lkçxNÐsuRkitPaB impetus n. snÞúHCMruj identification GtþsBaØaNkmµ/ ~ mission implementation of a law karGnuvtþn_c,ab; ebskkmµ rksMKal;¼bMpusKMnit implementing agency TIPñak;garGnuvtþ identify v. EsVgrkemIl/ rksMKal;/ sMKal; import karnaMcUl/ GahrN/ ~ duty Bn§ )antamPinPaK/ naMcUl/ ~ permit GaCJab½NÑnaMcUl/ ~ quota ideology menaKmn_viC¢a kUtanaMcUl 49
  • 58.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 importer GñknaMcUl/ Gaharin inclusive Edlrab;bBa©Úl/ Cabriyab½nñ import-export GahrN-nIhrN/ income cMNUl/ plTun/ bdilaP/ disposable karnaMecj-naMcUl ~ cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§/ cMNUleRbI)anedayesrI/ imports TMnijnaMcUl/ vieTsP½NÐ private ~ cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_/ personal ~ impose taxes eGaybg;Bn§ cMNUlpÞal;xøÜn/ ~ account KNnIcMNUl/ impoundment karXat;cab;Tuk ¬rfynþ/ TUk>>>¦ ~ (collected) in advance cMNUl)anTTYlmun/ impression cMNab;GarmµN_ ~ per capita cMNUlkñúgmnusSmñak;/ ~ tax improvement karEklMG/ suvuDÆikmµ Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUl/ ~ statement r)aykarN_ impunity niTNÐPaB/ PaBrYceTas/ culture cMNUl of ~ vb,Fm’niTNÐPaB income-generating activities impurity n. 1> PaBminsuT§ skmµPaBbegáItR)ak;cMNUl 2> GVIEdleFVI[minsuT§ ¬]> kkr¦ income-outlay accounts in good faith edayesµaHRtg; KNnIcMNUl-cMNay in post kñúgtMENg incompatibility vismitPaB/ PaBmincuHsMrug inaccuracy PaBminRtwmRtUv incompetence GsmtßPaB inaccurate adj. minRtwmRtUv inconvenience plvi)ak inactive adj. Gskmµ inconvertible currency rUbiyvtßúminGac inadequate minsmlµm bþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦ )an inappropriate minsmRsb/ ~ aid CMnYy incorporated cUlCaRkumh‘un/ )ancuHbBa¢I minsmRsb CaRkumh‘un incapacity GsmtßPaB/ physical/mental incorporated company Rkumh‘un ~ kar)at;bg;smtßPaBxag bBaØa¼kaysm,Ta ¬CanItibuKÁleBjelj¦ incentive eRKOgelIkTwkcitþ/ karelIkTwkcitþ/ increase v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn investment ~ karelIkTwkcitþvinieyaK incremental EdlekInCadMNak;² inception karkekIt indebtedness PaBCMBak;bMNul incertitude PaBminR)akd indefinite minCak;lak;/ KµankMnt; incessant EdltQb;Qr indemnify v. eFVIsMNg incidence n. karekItman/ ~ of tax bnÞúkBn§ indemnity 1> sMNg karxUcxat¼CMgWcitþ ¬cMnYnR)ak;Bn§RtUvFøak;elIbuKÁlNamñak;enAcugbBa©b;¦ 2> R)ak;bMNac; incident ]b,tþiehtu independent audit svnkmµÉkraCü incidental bnÞab;bnSM in-depth suICMerA/ ~ evaluation karvaytMél inclusion karrab;bBa©Úl suICMerA 50
  • 59.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 index snÞsSn_ GtiprNa/ GtiprNakal indexation kardak;snÞsSn_ ¬]> eGay inflexibility PaBrwgkMRBws/ PaBminrs;revIk ebovtSr_ERbRbYleTAtamGtiprNa¦ inflict v. a penalty dak;eTasT½NÐ indicator GaMgDIkaT½r/ sUcnakr ¬]> cab;eGaybg;pakBin½y¦ indigenous people RbCaCnedIm inflow lMhUrcUl indirect tax Bn§Rbeyal influential Edlman GnuPaB¼T§iBl individual ÉktþCn/ buKÁl/ ~ insurance influx lMhUrKMhukcUl karFanar:ab;rgbuKÁl informal sector vis½yminerobry/ vis½y inducement eRKOgCMrujTwkcitþ esdækic©eRkARbB½n§ industrialisation ]sSahUbnIykmµ information and communication industrious adj. ]sSah_¬Büayam¦ technology (ICT) bec©kviTüaB½t’man industry ]sSahkmµ/ rbr/ primary ~ nigTUrKmnaKmn_ ]sSahkmµvtßúFatuedIm/ secondary ~ information technology (IT) ]sSahkmµEkécñ ¬BIvtßúFatuedImeTAplitpl¦/ bec©kviTüaB½t’man light ~ ]sSahkmµFunRsal/ heavy ~ infrastructure ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ]sSahkmµFunF¶n;/ extractive ~ ]sSahkmµ infringe v. RbRBwtþxus/ elµIs ¬c,ab;/ nisSarNkmµ ¬]> ]sSahkmµTajykEr:¦ kic©snüa>>> ¦/ infringement n. inefficiency GRbsiT§PaB inheritance mrtk ¬GMBIGñksøab;¦ inequality vismPaB/ PaBminesµIKña/ in-house adj. kñúgGgÁPaB/ ~ language income ~ vismPaBénR)ak;cMNUl training karbNþúHbNþalPasakñúgGgÁPaB infant mortality rate GRtamrN³kumar initial adj. dMbUg/ ~ capital mUlFndMbUg inference karsnñidæan ¬sMrab;cab;epþImGaCIvkmµ¦/ ~ price éfødMbUg inflammable goods TMnijGacqabeqH initial outlay or initial capital outlay inflate bMe)a:g/ eFVIeGaymanGtiprNa/ esah‘uybegáItshRKasdMbUg inflated price éføbMe):ag ¬tMelIgx<s;eday initial v. cuHhtßelxasegçb/ initialisation n. Kµanehtupl¦ initiative KMnitpþÜcepþIm/ karpþÜcepþImKMnit inflation GtiprNa/ ~ accounting KNenyü injunction (judge's order) GFibBa¢a GtiprNa ¬éføRTBüskmµmanKitbBa©Úl ¬bBa¢arbs;ecARkm¦ GtiprNa¦/ ~ factor ktþaBRgIk/ ktþaGtiprNa injustice GyutiþFm’ inflationary gap KMlatGtiprNa in-kind contribution viPaKTanCavtßú inflationary period ry³eBlman input n. FatucUl 51
  • 60.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 inquiry karsaksYr ¬B½t’man/ éfø>>¦/ letter insufficiency PaBminRKb;RKan; of ~ lixitsaksYrB½t’man insurance karFanar:ab;rg/ all risks ~ insensitivity 1> GevTyitPaB karFanar:ab;rghaniP½yRKb;RbePT/ car ~ 2> PaBmincab;GarmµN_ karFanar:ab;rgelIrfynþ/ life ~ karFana insider trading karCYjdUrh‘uneday r:ab;rgelICIvit/ ~ agent Pñak;garFanar:ab;rg/ ~ GñképÞkñúg ¬EdldwgB½t’mansMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ certificate viBaØabnb½RtFanar:ab;rg/ insolvency PaBminGacsgbMNul)an/ GsaFPaB ~ company Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg/ ~ law inspect v. eFVIGFikarkic©/ RtYtBinitü c,ab;sþIBIkarFanar:ab;rg/ ~ policy b½NÑsnüa inspection GFikarkic©/ ~ fee kMéresva r:ab;rg/ ~ premium(s) buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg GFikarkic©/ pre-shipment ~ GFikarkic©TMnijmun insured n. GñkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg eBlpÞúk/ ~ certificate viBaØabnb½RtGFikarkic© insurer GñkFanar:ab;rg inspectorate RkumGFikarkic© intake karRsUbcUl installation zbnkmµ/ karerobcMtMelIg/ intangible GrUbI/ ~ assets RTBüGrUbI ~ cost cMNaypÁMútMelIg integration smahrNkmµ/ karbBa©ÚlKña/ instalment R)ak;sgbNþak;/ ~ system ~ of industry smahrNkmµ]sSahkmµ/ RbB½n§TUTat;bNþak; vertical ~ smahrNkmµbBaÄr instalment sales credit or instalment integrity PaBs¥ats¥M/ territorial ~ plan buying karlk;¼Tij edayTUTat;sg bUrNPaBEdndI bNþak; intellectual property kmµsiT§ibBaØa instalment shipment intelligible Edlyl;)an karbBa¢ÚnTMnijCabeNþIr² intensification RbBlkmµ/ RbBlvb,kmµ/ institutional finance hirBaØvtþúsßab½n agricultural ~ RbBlvb,kmµksikmµ institutionalisation sßabnUbnIykmµ intensive Gtipl/ ~ agriculture ksikmµGtipl institutionalise eFVIsßabnUbnIykmµ/ ksag intention bMNg/ ectna Casßab½n interaction Gnþrkmµ instruction bTbBa¢a/ esckþIENnaM interactive Gnþrskmµ instrument briFan/ ]bkrN_/ negotiable inter-bank adj. GnþrFnaKar/ ~ settlement ~ ]bkrN_TUTat; system RbB½n§TUTat;GnþrFnaKar instrument of accession lixitUbkrN_ inter-censal decade TsvtSr_cenøaHCMerOn cUlCaPaKI interdependence karBwgEp¥kKñaeTAvijeTAmk instrument of ratification interest 1> plRbeyaCn_ 2> karR)ak;/ lixitUbkrN_énkarpþl;sc©ab½n 52
  • 61.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 compound ~ karR)ak;smas, high/low ~ mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati karR)ak; x<s;¼Tab/ simple ~ karR)ak;samBaØ/ International Organisation for ~ due date éf¶KitkarR)ak;/ ~ period Standardisation (ISO) GgÁkarGnþrCati kalKitkarR)ak; xagsþg;darUbnIykmµ interest rate GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ for savings internet GuinfWNit/ ~ -cafe salbMerIGuinfWNit GRtakarR)ak;snSM intersect v. (graph lines) kat;Kña interference kareRCotERCk inter-sectoral Gnþrvis½y integrate v. eFVIsmahrNkmµ/ dak;bBa©Úl/ interview v. & n. 1> sMPas/ eFVIsMPas ~ed pest management (IPM) 2> bTsMPasn_/ semi-structured ~ viFankarcMruHEfTaMdMNaM bTsMPasn_Bak;kNþalerobry ¬eRbIbBa¢IsMnYr interim sþITI/ beNþaHGasnñ mYyPaK nigsYrEfmmYyPaK¦ intermediary project KMeragGnþrkarI interviewee n. GñkeqøIysMPasn_ intermediate goods TMnijGnþrkarI interviewer n. GñksYrsMPasn_ intimidate v. bMPitbMP½y intermediate output FatuecjGnþrkarI/ intra-cluster kñúgrgVg;kBa©úM plitplGnþrkarI intrinsic sCÄnþik³ intermediate technology bec©kviTüa introduction esckþIepþIm fñak;kNþal intuition GBÖnþjaN intermediation GnþrkarIkmµ/ financial ~ inundated forest (see flooded forest) GnþrkarIkmµhirBaØvtßú intern n. (see trainee) kmµsikSakarI éRBlicTwk invalidate v. cat;TukCaemaX³ internal épÞkñúg/ ~ affairs kic©karépÞkñúg/ ~ invaluable adj. kat;éfømin)an audit svnkmµépÞkñúg/ ~ control karRtYt BinitüépÞkñúg/ ~ rate of return (IRR) GRta invasion karlukluy/ ~ of privacy TajcMNUlépÞkñúg/ ~ transfer bEgVrépÞkñúg karrMelaPsiTi§CaÉkCn international GnþrCati/ ~ standard sþg;dar inventory sareBIPNн/ sþúk/ TMnij/ draw up GnþrCati/ ~ bidding/tendering karedjéfø an ~ eFVIbBa¢IsareBIP½NÐ CaGnþrCati/ ~ relations TMnak;TMngGnþrCati inventory stock card b½NÑsþúk International Air Transport invest v. vinieyaK/ eFVIvinieyaK Association (IATA) smaKm investigate v. esuIbGegát dwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakasGnþrCati investment n. vinieyaK/ karbNþak;Tun/ International Monetary Fund (IMF) ~ licence GaCJab½NÑvinieyaK 53
  • 62.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 investor vinieyaKin/ GñkvinieyaK invisible adj. emIlmineXIj/ ~ assets J, j RTBüGrUbI invoice vikáybRt jettison TMlak;GIv:an;ecalxøHedIm,IsMral involuntary Gectna/ tbMNg ¬nava/ ynþehaH¦ involvement kar cUlBak;B½n§¼Bak;B½n§ job kargar/ white-collar ~ or office ~ IOU (I owe you) lixitTTYlCMBak; ¬xJúMCMBak;Gñk¦ kargarkñúgkariyal½y/ ~ description BiBN’ irrecoverable Edl RbmUlmin)an¼ Tarmin)an nakagar/ ~ design KMeragkargar/ bøg;kargar/ irregular mineTogTat;/ minRbRktI ~ grading/ranking cMNat;fñak;kargar/ irregularities (mistakes) PaBminRbRktI ~ holder Gñkkan;kargar/ ~ lot TMnijcMruH ¬kMhus¦ mYydMu² eRcInGn;² niglk;efak²/ ~ rotation irrelevant EdlminTak;Tg karbþÚrevnkargar/ ~ specialisation irreversible adj. EdlminGacERbRkLas;)an irrevocable adj. minGacbdiesF)an/ ÉkeTskmµkargar/ ~ title eQµaHkargar ~ letter of credit sarNTanminGac joblessness PaBGt;kargareFVI/ nikmµPaB bdiesF)an joint (enterprise, committee) cMruH irrigate v. eRsacRsB/ irrigation n. joint (liability) ¬karTTYlxusRtUv¦ rYmKña/ issuance kare)aHpSay ¬RkdasR)ak;¦ ~ and several liability karTTYlxusRtUv issue bank FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak; rYmKñanigerog²xøÜn issue v. (a licence) ecj ¬GaCJab½NѦ/ joint account KNnIrYm ¬manm©as;KNnIBI currency issued rUbiyvtßúe)aHpSay 2nak;eLIgeTA¦ issuing bank (for a letter of credit) joint inter-ministerial committee FnaKarebIksarNTan KN³kmµaFikarcMruHGnþrRksYg IT (Information Technology) joint owner m©as;kmµsiTi§rYmKña bec©kviTüaB½t’man joint venture ¬KMerag¦ vinieyaKcMruH/ item 1> GIv:an;/ mux ¬TMnij¦ 2> xÞg;/ cancel ~ enterprise shRKassmasPaBesdækic©cMruH an ~ (accounting) bdiesFelxna/ enter joint-stock bank FnaKarrYmPaKh‘un an ~ cuHelxna/ off-balance sheet items joint-stock company xÞg;eRkAtaragtulükar (see public limited company) saCIvkmµRkumh‘unPaKh‘un 54
  • 63.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 journal 1> Tinñanub,vtþi ¬KNenyü¦ 2> sarB½t’man journal voucher b½NÑTinñanub,vtþi/ L, l skçIb½RtcuHbBa¢I journalising karcuHTinñanub,vtþi label søak ¬sMrab;biTelIplitpl¦ judgement 1> karvinicä½y labour Blkmµ ¬kargar rWBlkr¦/ casual ~ 2> salRkm ¬tulakar¦ BlkmµGENþt ¬ry³eBlkargarxøI¦/ manual ~ judicial record lixitefáaleTas ¬tulakar¦ htßkmµ/ organised ~ BlkmµcUlshCIB/ judicial reform kMENTMrg;RbB½n§yutþiFm’ skilled ~ BlkmµmanCMnaj/ ~ card b½NÑ judiciary GgÁecARkm kargar/ ~ force kMlaMgBlkmµ/ ~ laws c,ab; jump-start cab;epþIm[)anqab; Blkmµ/ ~ productivity plitPaBénBlkmµ/ junk n. rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_/ rbs;eGtcay ~ security snþisuxBlkmµ/ ~ turnover juridical Ktiyutþi ¬EdlRsbtamc,ab; nig GRtabuKÁlikecj ¬BIGgÁPaB¦/ ~ union or rebobrbbén c,ab;¼tulakar¦ trade union shCIB jurisdiction Ednsmtßkic©/ yutþaFikar labourer Blkr/ day ~ TinikCn/ Blkr just adj. RtwmRtUv/ yutþiFm’ suIR)ak;éf¶ justification of a project kareFVIyutþikmµ labour-intensive adj. eRbIBlkmµeRcIn/ KMerag/ karbgðajehtuplBItMrUvkareFVIKMerag GtiBlkmµ/ ~ industry ]sSahkmµGtiBlkmµ justified (expense...) ¬cMNay>>>¦ man lack kgVH/ ~ of balance )at;tulüPaB/ skçIkmµ ~ of confidence kgVHTMnukcitþ justify eFVIyutþikmµ lading n. karpÞúkTMnij/ ~ port kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij laissez-passer lixitebIkpøÚv land dI/ dIFøI/ ~ alienation karepÞrkmµsiT§idI/ K, k ~ conflict TMnas;dIFøI/ ~ degradation karcuH KuNPaBdI/ karxUcdI/ ~ dispute vivaTdIFøI/ ~ encroachment karrMelaPykdI/ ~ grabbing key role tYnaTIKnøwH karT®nÞanykdI/ ~ owner m©as;dI/ ~ ownership kmµsiT§idIFøI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFøI/ ~ survey keynote address sunÞrkfaKnøwH GegátdIFøI/ zanKNit/ ~ restructuring karEkERbdIFøIeLIgvij/ ~ settlement dMeNaH kind, payment in karTUTat;Cavtßú RsaydIFøI/ ~ tenure karkan;kab;dI 55
  • 64.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 land dispute settlement committee 2> plitpllk;dac;CageK/ market ~ KN³kmµaFikaredaHRsay)atuPaBdIFøI plitpl¼Rkumh‘un naMmuxeKelITIpSar landless adj. KµandI leading naMmuxeK/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkaT½rnaMmux landlessness PaBKµandIFøI eK ¬Edlbgðajninñakar)anmunGaMDIkaT½rÉeTot¦ landlocked country RbeTsKµanRcksmuRT lease Ptisnüa/ karCYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦/ landlord m©as; dI¼pÞH ¬EdlCYl[eK¦ finance ~ PtisnüahirBaØvtßú ¬kñúgenHshRKas landscape eTsPaB/ protected ~ RtUvkt;RtaRTBüCYlBIeKkñúgtaragtulükar nig tMbn;eTsPaBkarBar eFVIrMls;va¦/ operating ~ PtisnüaRbtibtþikar large-scale survey GegátRTg;RTayFM ¬kñúgenHshRKasminRtUvkt;RtaRTBüCYlBIeKkñúg latent minTan;Cak;Esþg taragtulükareT¦ launch n. kardak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv lease v. CYl/ ~ back CYlmkvij ¬]> plitplelITIpSar¦ least developed countries (LDCs) law c,ab;/ draft ~ esckþIRBagc,ab;/ ~ of RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK contract c,ab;énkic©snüa ledger (accounting) esovePAFM/ Law on Co-Statute of Civil Servants purchase ~ esovePAFMTij c,ab;sþIBI shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil legacy 1> Gc©½yTanCaclnRTBü Law on Financial Management ¬tammrtksasn_¦ 2> Gc©½yTan ¬ekrþצ c,ab;sþIBIhirBaØvtßúsMrab;karRKb;RKg legal tamc,ab;/ nItüanukUl ~ capital edImTun Law on Social Security tamc,ab;/ ~ document Éksartamc,ab;/ c,ab;sþIBIrbbsnþisuxsgÁm ~ representative GñktMNagtamc,ab;/ lawful Rsbc,ab; ~ framework Rkbx½NÐc,ab;/ ~ decision lawless EdlGt;c,ab; ¬Kµanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW esckþIsMerctamc,ab;/ ~ reserves FnbMrug KµankareKarBc,ab;¦ tamc,ab; laws and regulations c,ab; nig legal effect GanuPaBKtiyutiþ bTb,BaØtiþ¼lixitbTdæan legal entity/person nItibuKÁl lawsuit erOgkþI legal substance (French: nature lawyer Gñkc,ab;/ emFavI juridique) nItisarCati lay in stock v. bBa©ÚlXøaMg legal tender rUbiymaRta/ R)ak;Edlc,ab; lay off v. bBaÄb;buKÁlik TTYlsÁal; lay out v. cay ¬R)ak;¦ legality PaBtamc,ab;/ nItüanukUlPaB layout of letter TMrg;¼bøg; sMbuRt legalise v. eFVIeGayeTAtamc,ab;/ leader 1> GñkdwknaM/ popular ~ emxül; 56
  • 65.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 eFVInItüanukUlkmµ lever Xñas; legatee Gc©½yTanlaPI ¬GñkTTYlsñgmrtk leverage KMnas;/ kareRbIkMcImankarR)ak;efr tamry³mrtksasn_¦ eTArksuIedIm,I)ancMeNjelIsBIkarR)ak; legator Gc©½yTayk levy v. & n. 1> hUtBn§ 2> Bn§ legislation c,ab;/ nItikmµ ¬CaBiessBn§bEnßm¦ legislative power 1> GMNacnItibBaØtþi ¬sPa¦ liabilities bMNul/ RTBüGkmµ/ meet one’s 2> GMNacbBaØtþi ¬sßab½nepSgeTot dUcCa liabilities sgbMNulrbs;xøÜn RkumRbwkSaXMu¦ liability 1> bMNul 2> karTTYlxusRtUv/ legislative structure rcnasm<½n§nItibBaØtþi ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgelIPar³TTYlxusRtUv legislator GñkeFVIc,ab;/ nItiBn§ liable adj. for TTYlxusRtUv ¬tamc,ab;¦ cMeBaH legislature 1> GgÁnItibBaØtþi ¬GgÁkareFVIc,ab;¦ liaison TMnak;TMng/ sm<n§kar/ ~ office 2> nItikal ¬énsPa¦ kariyal½yTMnak;TMng legitimate eBjlkçN³RtwmRtUv/ eBjc,ab;/ libel karsresrbrihaekrþ× FmµanurUb liberal democracy and pluralism or lend v. eGayx©I liberal multi-party democracy lender GñkeGayx©I/ ~ of last resort Gñk[ lT§iRbCaFibetyüesrIBhubkS x©ICacugeRkay liberal profession viC¢aCIv³esrI lending institution sßab½n NTan¼ [x©IR)ak; liberality or liberal gift sT§aTan lessee Ptik³/ GñkCYl ¬BIeK¦ liberalisation esrIPavUbnIykmµ/ ~ of lessor PtibtI/ GñkCYleGay trade esrIPavUbnIykmµBaNiC¢kmµ let v. CYl ¬pÞH/ kariyal½y >>>¦ Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) letter lixit/ covering ~ (or US: cover ~) GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiC¢enATIRkugLúg lixitGmÉksar/ ~ of attorney lixitepÞrsiT§i/ licence GaCJab½NÑ/ lixitGnuBaØat ~ of credit (L/C) lixitNTan/ ~ of licensed manGaCJab½NÑ/ RbtiRsut/ ~ bank exchange rUbiyaNtþi/ ~ of indemnity FnaKarRbtiRsut lixitFanasg/ ~ of intent lixitbBa¢ak;eKal licensed technology bec©kviTüaTijBIeK bMNg/ lixtEsþgectna/ ~ of inquiry lixit i licensee Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ saksYrB½t’man/ ~ of non-conviction lixit licit adj. RtUvc,ab; bBa¢ak;faKµaneTas lien 1> R)atiePaKbMNul ¬vtßúdak;FanabMNul¦ level kMrit/ multi-level eRcInkMrit/ ~ of 2> siT§iXat;Tuk development kMritGPivDÆn_ life expectancy GayukalmFüm/ Gayurs; 57
  • 66.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 enAmFüm 2> sac;R)ak;TMenr/ ~ ratio smaPaKsac;R)ak;TMenr life or death issue bBaðasøab;rs; liquidity (banking) sac;R)ak;nigRTBü life skill bMNinCIvit gaybþÚrCasac;R)ak;/ total ~ rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) life span Gayukal ¬BIeBlekItdl;søab;¦ list bBa¢I/ ~ price éføelIbBa¢I ¬kataLúk¦/ lifestyle rebobrs;enA listed company Rkumh‘unEdlmansnøwkh‘un lifetime Gayukal/ mYyGayu lk;-Tij enApSarh‘un LIFO (last in, first out) lIhVÚ ¬cUleRkay litigation bNþwgvivaT/ karbþwgpþl; ecjmun¦ livelihood CIvPaB/ karrkciBa©wmCIvit/ likelihood PaBTMng lively y:agskmµ/ ~ market TIpSarman limit n. & v. 1> RBMEdn/ ~ of liability skmµPaBrs;revIk RBMEdnénkarTTYlxusRtUv/ 2> dak;kMritRBMEdn livestock stVciBa©wm ¬ykpl¦ limitation n. kardak;kMritRBMEdn living 1> CIvPaB/ karrs;enA/ ~ standard limited liability karTTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ kMritCIvPaB/ cost of ~ cMnayRTRTg;karrs;enA ~ company Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit load factor, passenger (air travel) limited partner GñkcUlh‘unmankMrit GRtabMeBjekAGIGñkdMeNIr ¬tamynþehaH¦ ¬TTYlxusRtUvmankMrit¦ loading and unloading of goods line (department) ¬mnÞIr¦ ExSbeNþay karpÞúk nigkarerITMnij line item (budget) matika ¬fvika¦ loading capacity cMNuHpÞúk line of credit or credit linekMritNTan loading port EppÞúkTMnij link cMNgTak;Tg loan kMcI/ NeTyü/ bMNul/ bridging ~ linkage karcgP¢ab;/ cMNgTak;Tg kMcIpøas;pÞHfµI ¬enAeBlpÞHcas;lk;minTan;dac;¦/ liquid assets RTBübþÚrykR)ak;)anrh½s soft ~ kMcIkarR)ak;Tab/ ~ at call kMcIKµankal liquid investments vinieyaKedaysac;R)ak; kMNt; ¬RtUvsgvijeBleKTar¦/ personal ~ liquidate v. CMrH/ TUTat; ¬bMNul/ bBa¢I¦/ kMcIpÞal;xøÜn/ unsecured ~ kMcIKµankarFana/ ~ a debt TUTat;bMNulTaMgmUl ~ disbursed kMcI)anebIkpþl; liquidation karrMlay ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ karCMrHbBa¢I/ loan service (interest payment) esvabMNul compulsory ~ karCMrHbBa¢ICakatBVkic© ¬tam lobby v. ekogKr/ eXasnabBa©úHbBa©Úl karsMercrbs;tulakar¦/ voluntary ~ karCMrH local ¬én¦mUldæan/ kñúgRsuk/ ~ authority bBa¢eI daysµR½ Kcit/þ ~ report r)aykarN_CrM HbBa¢I GaCJaFrmUldæan liquidator GñkCMrHbBa¢I/ GñkRtYtBinitükar location TItaMg biTRkumh‘un logging karkab;eQI/ illegal ~ karkab;eQI liquidity 1> snÞnIyPaB/ lT§PaBsgbMNul xusc,ab; 58
  • 67.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 logic tkáviC¢a/ LÚsuik magnitude TMhM logistics PsþúPar/ karpÁt;pÁg; mail transfer karepÞr¬R)ak;¦taméRbsnIy_ logo rUbsBaØa mail, electronic sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml long-life assets RTBüGayukalEvg main adj. cMbg long-term ry³eBlEvg/ TIXkal/ mainstream v. bRBa¢ab ~ liabilities bMNulry³eBlEvg maintain v. accounting book loophole cenøaHRbehag/ tax ~ cenøaHRbehagén kan;kab;bBa¢IKNenyü Bn§ ¬EdlGaceKecosvagminbg;Bn§edayRsbc,ab;¦ maintenance karEfTaM/ ~ expenses/ loose-leaf ledger esovePAFMsnøwkdac;BIKña costs cMNayEfTaM loss kMhat/karxatbg;/ kar)at;bg;/ actual major adj. cMbg/ sMxan; total ~ kMhatsrubCak;Esþg majority PaKeRcIn/ sMelgPaKeRcIn ¬e)aHeqñat¦ lot n. LÚt_/ fishing ~ LÚt_ensaT mala fide seller Gñklk;Edlmanl,ickl low-income group/households minl¥ Rkum¼RKYsar manR)ak;cMNUlTab maladministration karRKb;RKgGsmtßPaB lump-sum R)ak;bg;TaMgdul/ ~ payment mal-development karGPivDÆn_xusTMng karTUTat;tamrebobem:Akar ¬rW qaka¦ malpractice rebobrbbminl¥/ kMhusqÁg lump-sum tax Bn§em:Akar malthusianism nibulniym/ m:al;Tusniym luxury RbNit/ ~ goods TMnijRbNit/ manage v. RKb;RKg/ cat;Ecg ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµvtßúRbNit management karRKb;RKg/ ~ control karRtYtBinitükarRKb;RKg manager GñkRKb;RKg/ bNÑaFikar/ financial M, m ~ GaNab½k managerial accounting KNenyüRKb;RKg M1 (money) rUbiyvtßú managership PaBCaGñkRKb;RKg M2 (liquidity) rUbiyvtßúTUeTA managing director naykRKb;RKg macro- m:aRkU mandate n. 1> siT§iGMNac 2> GaNtþi macroeconomic analysis mandate v. 1> pþl;siT§iGMNac 2> tMrUv/ the karviPaKm:aRkUesdækic© law mandates that... c,ab;tMrUvfa macroeconomic stability sßirPaBm:aRkU mandatory adj. Edlxanmin)an esdækic© manifest nievTnb½NÑ/ bBa¢I GñkdMeNIr¼ TMnij macroeconomics m:aRkUesdækic© dwkCBa¢Ún ¬tamynþehaH rW nava¦ 59
  • 68.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 man-made disaster mhnþraybgáedaymnusS market n. TIpSar/ black ~ pSarggwt/ manner EbbbT capital ~ TIpSarTun ¬sMrab;vinieyaK¦/ manual 1> htßkmµ 2> esovePAk,Ün ~ capitalisation tMélRkumh‘unKittam manufacture kmµnþsal tMélTIpSarénsnøwkh‘un/ closed ~ TIpSarbiT manufactured goods TMnijkmµnþsal ¬lk;[EttMNagpþac;mux¦/ open ~ TIpSarcMh manufacturing kmµnþsalkmµ/ karplit ¬RKb;KñaGacTij¼lk;)an¦ ~ demand/need ¬y:ageRcIn²edayeRbIm:asuIn¦ tMrUvkarTIpSar/ ~ economy esdækic©TIpSar/ margin Gb,har/ kMrit/ m:aCIn/ ~ of error ~ failure braC½yénTIpSar/ ~ forces kMlaMg kMritel¥óg/ ~ of lending kMriteGayx©IR)ak;/ ~ TIpSar/ money/finance ~ TIpSarrUbiyvtßú of profit kMritR)ak;cMeNj ¬kMcIry³eBlxøI²¦/ ~ practice TMlab;TIpSar/ marginal benefit plcMeNjÉktabEnßm ~ price éføenATIpSar/ ~ saturation titßikmµ ¬kñúgkarbegáInmYyÉktaplitpl¦ kñúgpSar/ PaBEq¥teBjedayTMnijénTIpSar/ ~ marginal cost éføedImÉktabEnßm ¬edIm,I segmentation karEbgEckTIpSar/ ~ value plitbEnßmmYyÉktaplitplelIsEpnkar¦/ tMélTIpSar ¬tMélenAéf¶enH¦/ tMélFanik/ bnÞúkcMNaym:ahSúINal; ~ share/penetration cMENkTIpSar marginal project KMeragbnÞab;bnSM market v. lk;elITIpSar/ ~ a new product marginal propensity to consume lk;plitplfµIelITIpSar kMritTMenarénkareRbIR)as;bEnßm marketable Gaclk;y:aggay marginal propensity to save marketing m:aXItTIg/ karbeBa©jlk;elITIpSar/ kMritTMenarénkarsnSMbEnßm ~ chain ExScgVak; m:aXITIg¼TIpSar marginal revenue cMNUlÉktabEnßm market-regulated economy ¬BIkarlk;plitplbEnßmmYyÉkta¦ esdækic©TIpSarerobry/ esdækic©niy½tTIpSar marginal utility plRbeyaCn_ÉktabEnßßm mark-up Gb,har marginalisation m:aCInUbnIykmµ/ karRcan marriage certificate sMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ cUlsßanPaBKµansiT§iGMNac mass media RbB½n§pSBVpSay ¬B½t’man¦ marginal-tax ratio smaPaKkMeNIn mass production karplitRTg;RTayFM cMNUlBn§eFobnwgkMeNInplTunCatisrub master adj. eKal/ em/ ~ budget fvikaem/ marine xagsmuRT/ ~ concession Edn ~ map EpnTIeKal/ ~ plan Epnkar¼bøg;eKal/ sm,TanTwkéRb/ ~ fisheries ensaTsmuRT/ ~ sample KMrUtagem ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgpøÚvsmuRT master’s degree fñak;GnubNÐit mark down v. bBa©úHéfø matching concept/convention mark up v. tMelIgéfø eKalkarN_énPaBsuIKña 60
  • 69.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 material sMPar³/ RkNat; ¬cMNay¦EfTaMsuxPaB maternal mortality rate medium mFüm/ ~ grade KuNPaBmFüm/ GRtamrN³matuPaB ~ term loan kMcIry³eBlmFüm mature eBjv½y/ cas;TMu/ ~ economy meet CYb/ edaHRsay/ bMeBj ¬lkçxNЦ/ esdækic©rIkcMerIneBjelj ~ a deficit bMeBj»nPaB maturity bkáPaB/ PaBeBjv½y/ PaBcas;TMu/ meeting CMnYb/ karRbCMu/ ¬RbCMumhaCn kalvsan/ kalkMNt;/ date of ~ éf¶dl; MEFP (Memorandum of Economic kMNt; ¬sg¦ and Financial Policy: for the IMF) maximisation GtibrmanIykmµ GnusSarN³sþIBIeKalneya)ayesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú mayor ecAhVayRkug MFN (Most Favoured Nation mean (statistics) mFüm/ arithmetic ~ clause) lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ mFümnBVnþ/ geometric ~ mFümFrNImaRt membership smaCikPaB means meFüa)ay/ ~ of production memorandum CMnYysµartI/ GnusSarN³/ meFüa)ayplitkmµ ~ of association GnusSarN³begáItRkumh‘un/ measurability PaBGacvas;)an lkçnþik³Rkumh‘un/ ~ of understanding measure 1> TMhM/ rgVas; 2> viFankar/ (MOU) GnusSarN³RBmeRBog economic ~ viFankaresdækic©/ fiscal ~ mental ability smtßPaBxagbBaØa viFankarsareBIBn§ mental job kargareRbIxYrk,al ¬EdlRtUvriHKit¦ measurement of profitability mercantile adj. énBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ marine karvas;EvgPaBmancMeNj kgnavaBaNiC¢kmµ¬rbs;RbeTsNamYy¦/ mechanism 1> ynþkar 2> esnaFikar ~ country RbeTs ¬mancMNUledaykareFVI¦ ¬sßab½n¦ BaNiC¢kmµ mechanisation ynþkmµ/ ynþtUbnIykmµ mercantilism BaNiC¢kmµniym media or mass media RbB½n§pSBVpSay merchandising service establishment mediation karsMruHsMrYl RKwHsßanesvakmµTMnij mediator GñksMruHsMrYl merchant BaNiC¢kr medic n. GñkevC¢saRsþ merger karrMlaybBa©ÚlKña ¬nUvRkumh‘unBIr rW medical ¬én¦ evC¢saRsþ/ ~ assistant eRcIn CaRkumh‘unmYy¦ CMnYyevC¢saRsþ merit kusl/ kuslkic©/ KuNsm,tþi medical aid n. GñkCMnYyevC¢saRsþ message sar medical care (expense) messenger narsar/ elxharI 61
  • 70.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 method viFI misappropriation of public funds vitikmµ methodology viFIsaRsþ FnsaFarN³/ karekgRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³ micro biology mIRkUCIv³ miscalculate v. KNnaxus microcosm Gtisuxumelak miscellaneous epSg²/ KNnIcMNay{epSg²} micro-credit mIRkUNTan misdemeanour bTmCÄwm microeconomics mIRkUesdækic© ¬kMritTabCagbT]Rkidæ¦ micro-finance mIRkUhirBaØvtßú mission ebskkmµ/ ~ letter lixitbBa¢a middle class vNѳkNþal ¬rW vNѳKhbtI¦ ebskkmµ/ ~ statement esckþIRbkasebskkmµ middleman QµÜjkNþal/ KYkeC/ eCIgsar/ misunderstanding karyl;RcLM/ karyl;xus mixed economic entity GgÁPaBesdækic©cMruH GnþrkarI mobilisation of private savings migrant CncMNakRsuk/ nirRbevsn_ karekNÐRbmUlR)ak;snSMÉkCn migrate v. from/to eFVIcMNakRsuk rW mobilise v. ekNÐRbmUl/ RbEmRbmUl cakRsuk BI¼eTA modality of investment migration cMNakRsuk/ BhiRbevsn_/ EbbbTénkarvinieyaK snþrRbevsn_ mode n. m:Ud/ rebob milestone 1> eKal ¬R)ab;cMgay¦ model n. KMrU 2> RBwtiþkarN_sMxan; ¬kñúgdMeNIrkarvivtþn_énGVImYy¦ moderate adj. & n. 1> lµm ¬]> minefak milieu mCÄdæan minéfø¦ 2> mCÄnikCn military eyaFa/ eyaFin/ ~ region modernisation TMenIbPavUbnIykmµ/ TMenIbkmµ eyaFPUmiPaK modernise eFVITMenIbkmµ Millennium Development Goals modification karEkERb/ kMENERb (MDGs) eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ module m:UDIl mineral concentrate Er:cMraj; modus operandi EbbbTRbtibtþikar minicomputer kMBüÜT½rFuntUc momentum snÞúHeCOneTAmux/ kMlaMgrujRcan/ minimisation Gb,brmaPavUbnIykmµ/ tax ~ m:Um:g; kareFVI[bnÞúkBn§fycuHTabbMput monetarism rUbiyvtßúniym minimise v. bnßydl;kMritGb,brma monetarisation of the deficit mining GaCIvkmµEr:/ karykEr: rUbiyvtßúnIykmµén»nPaB minor adj. & n. 1> tUctac/ bnÞab;bnSM monetary adj. én rUbiyvtßú¼luy/ ~ policy 2> GnItiCn neya)ayrUbiyvtßú/ ~ overhang rUbiyvtßúelIs minority PaKtic/ Gb,PaK tulüPaB/ ~ confidence TMnukcitþelIrUbiyvtßú/ 62
  • 71.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ~ stabilisation sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUnIykmµrUbiyvtßú/ eRBogBhuPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance CMnYyBhuPaKI ~ transaction RbtibtþikarKitCa luy¼rUbiyvtßú multinational BhuCati/ ~ corporation money rUbiyvtßú/ luy/ ~ (M1) rUbiyvtßú (M1), Rkumh‘unBhuCati ~ (M2) rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2), quasi- ~ rUbiy multiple-shop undertakings vtßúepSg²/ ~ in circulation rUbiyvtßúcracr/ Rkumh‘unmansaxaeRcIn ~ economy esdækic©rUbiyvtßú/ ~ laundering multiplier emKuN karlagluykxVk;/ ~ market TIpSarrUbiyvtßú multi-purpose allocation ¬kMcIry³eBl xøI²¦/ ~ supply karpÁt;pÁg; karélEcksMrab;eKaledAeRcIny:ag rUbiyvtßú¼sac;R)ak;/ ~/funds at call rUbiyvtßú¼ multi-stage eRcIndMNak;/ ~ design mUlniFiEdlGacpþl;eGay)anPøam² bøg;eRcIndMNak;/ ~ frame eRKageRcIndMNak;/ moneylender NTayk/ GñkrksuIcgkarR)ak; ~ sampling karykKMrUtageRcIndMNak; monitor v. XøaMemIl ¬ÉksarxøHeRbIBakütamdan¦ mutation n. rUbvivtþn_ monoculture Ékvb,kmµ/ eFVIdMNaMmYymux mutatis mutandis EdlRtUvpøas;bþÚrtam monopolise v. eFVIpþac;mux karcaM)ac; monopoly n. PaBpþac;mux/ monopolistic adj. mutual eTAvijeTAmk/ ~ assistance monthly RbcaMEx/ ~ statement r)aykarN_¼ karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ insurance sMrg;KNnI RbcaMEx/ ~ returns cMNUlRbcaMEx karFanar:ab;rgeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ benefit moral obligation katBVkic©pøÚvcitþ manplRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk/ morality sIlFm’/ good ~ mansIlFm’l¥/ mutual fund sgÁhFn social ~ sIlFm’sgÁm mutual societies sgÁhsmaKm morbidity PaBmanCMgWeFVIeGaysøab; mutually supportive mortgage niekçb/ GuIb:UEtk/ vtßúbBa©aMbMNul CYyRTRTg;KñaeTAvijeTAmk mortgagee mças;bMNulGuIb:UEtk/ niekçbKahk mortgager/mortgagor kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk most favoured nation (MFN) clause N, n lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ motion of censure jtþibenÞas nascent economy esdækic©kMBugcab;kMeNIt motivate v. CMrujTwkcitþ/ bMpusTwkcitþ nation RbCaCati/ sgÁmCati movable (property) clnvtßú national énCati/ ~ accounting KNenyü multi-disciplinary team RkumBhuCMnaj Cati/ ~ budget support ]btßmÖBIfvikardæ multilateral BhuPaKI/ ~ agreement kic©RBm ¬]> cMeBaHfvikaextþ¦/ ~ bank FnaKarCati/ 63
  • 72.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ~ debt bMNulCati ¬x©IedayrdæaPi)al¦/ ~ instrument ]bkrN_TUTat; ~ income plTunCati/ ~ Institute of negotiate v. crca/ negotiation n. Statistics viC¢asßanCatisßiti/ ~ patrimony neocolonialism GaNaniKmniymEbbfµI ebtikP½NÐCati/ ~ product plitplCati/ net suT§/ sCÄtþikr/ ~ exports karnaMecjsuT§/ ~ economic management karRKb;RKg ~ cost tMél suT§¼sCÄtþikr/ ~ foreign assets esdækic©Cati RTBüskmµbreTssuT§/ ~ foreign current nationality sBa¢ati/ ~ of ships sBa¢atinava transfer (NFCT) karepÞrbreTscrnþsuT§/ ~ nationalise v. eFVICatUbnIykmµ/ eFVICatikmµ foreign factor income (NFFI) ktþaplTun nationwide TUTaMgRbeTs breTssuT§/ ~ income cMNUlsuT§/ ~ indirect natural énFmµCati/ ~ condition lkçxNÐ taxes (NIT) Bn§RbeyalsuT§/ ~ national FmµCati/ ~ asset RTBüsm,tþiFmµCati ¬FnFan product plTunCatisuT§/ ~ profit R)ak;cMenj FmµCatiGVImYy¦/ ~ disaster eRKaH¼mhnþray suT§/ ~ present value (NPV) tMélbc©úb,nñ FmµCati/ ~ unemployment rate GRta suT§/ ~ taxable income cMnUlCab;Bn§suT§/ nikmµPaBFmµCati/ ~ resource FnFanFmµCati/ ~ worth mUlniFipÞal;suT§/ tMélBitRTBüskmµsuT§ ~ loss kar)at;bg; ÉkÉg¼edayFmµCati ¬RTBüskmµKittamtMélBitenATIpSar nature 1> FmµCati 2> critlkçN³ ¬rbs;mnusS¦ ehIydkbMNulcrnþ¦ near-liquid asset or near money network bNþaj RTBüCitdUcrUbiyvtßú ¬RTBüskmµEdlGacbþÚrCa neutralisation GBüaRkwtPavUbnIykmµ/ rUbiyvtßú)any:aggay¦ GBüaRkwtkmµ need tMrUvkar/ ~ for affiliation tMrUvkar new international economic order edIm,Icgsm<½n§ (NIEO) lMdab;esdækic©GnþrCatifµI needs tMrUvkar ¬caM)ac;CamUldæan¦/ newly fµI²/ ~ industrialised countries ~ assessment study karvaytMélBItMrUvkar (NICs) RbeTseFVI]sSahUbnIykmµfµI negation GviC¢mankmµ newsletter RBwtþib½RtB½t’man negative adj. GviC¢man/ ~ interest karR)ak; next of kin jatiCitCageK GviC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRtaGtiprNa¦ NGO (non-government organisation) negligence kareFVsRbEhs/ gross ~ GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al kareFVsRbEhsF¶n;F¶r nine years basic education negotiable adj. 1>Gaccrca)an/ ~ price karGb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM éføGaccrca)an 2>GacCYjdUr)an/ ~ debt nobility vNѳGPiCn instrument rUbiyaNtþiNeTyüGacCYjdUr)an/ nomenclature namvlI ¬matika¦/ muxTMnij ~ documents ÉksarykTUTat;)an/ nominal carwk/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrub 64
  • 73.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 carwk/ ~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak; carwk/ non-resident GnivasnCn rW GnivasCn ~ value tMélcarwk non-returnable packing sMbkevcx©b; nomination karEtgtaMg minRbmUlvij nominee GñkTTYlkarEtgtaMg/ ~ account non-tax features lkçN³minTak;TgnwgBn§dar KNnIkan;kab;kñúgnambuKÁlmñak;eTot non-taxable adj. minCab;Bn§/ ~ income non-commercial bank FnaKarGBaNiC¢ cMNUlminCab;Bn§ non-agricultural or non-farm non-timber forest products (NTFPs) employment kargarminEmnksikmµ GnupléRBeQI non-aligned movement clnamincUl non-urban population bkSsm½<n§ RbCaCnminEmnGñkTIRkug non-compliance karminRbtibtþitam/ PaB norm bTdæan minRsbtam normalisation RbRktIPaBkmµ/ bktikmµ/ non-concessional adj. minpþl;sm,Tan niy½tkmµ non-convertible currency North, the (countries) ]tþrRbeTs rUbiyvtßúminGacbþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦ )an ¬RbeTsGñkman¦ non-delivery karminRbKl; notarial deed lixitviBaØabnkmµ non-discriminatory adj. minerIseGIg notary public sarkarI non-durables TMnijminKg;yUr ¬Gahar/ note sarxøI²/ lixit/ kMNt;sMKal;/ advice ~ sarB½t’man>>>¦ lixitCUndMNwg/ bank/currency ~ Rkdas non-food items TMnijminEmnGahar R)ak;/ covering ~ lixitGm/ credit/debit ~ non-government organisation lixitNTan¼NBn§/ delivery ~ lixit (NGO) GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al RbKl;TMnij/ dispatch ~ lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij/ non-household sector vis½yminTak;Tg promissory ~ b½NÑCMBak;R)ak;/ b½NÑsnüa nwgRKYsar noticeable change non-negotiable instrument ]bkrN_ karERbRbYlKYr[kt;sMKal; minGacykeTATUTat;)an notification karCUndMNwg/ ~ procedure non-payment karminTUTat; nItiviFICUndMNwg non-performance karminGnuvtþn_/ notifying bank FnaKarCUndMNwg karKµanlT§pl notion sBaØaN non-performing loan kMcIBi)akTar novation kic©RBmeRBogepÞrkic©snüa non-refundable adj. EdlminbgVilsgvij ¬[PaKITI3¦ 65
  • 74.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 novelty adj. & n. PaB¼rbs; fµIEbøk obsolete hYssm½y NPRS (National Poverty Reduction occupation 1> muxrbr 2> karkan;kab; Strategy) yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk occupancy rate (hotel) GRtasñak;enA nuclear-family structures rcnasm<½n§ ¬sNæaKar¦ RKYsarsñÚl ¬«BukmþaynigkUn¦ occupational accident eRKaHfñak;enA null and void emaX³ eBlbMeBjkargar nullification emaXkmµ/ nullify v. eFVI[ occupier Gñkkan;kab; eTACaemaX³ oceanography saKrsaRsþ nullity emaXPaB odd job kargarl¥itel¥ac numeracy karecHelx odd number elxess numerator (fraction) PaKyk offence bTelµIs/ eTaskmµ nutrition GaharUbtßmÖ offer 1> kareGayéfø/ cash ~ karsMubg;Ca sac;R)ak; 2> karRbkaslk; ¬kñúgéføNamYy¦/ introductory ~ éføTak;m:Uy ¬cMeBaHplitpl O, o fµI¦/ special ~ TMnijlk;efakBiess offer and demand karpþl;nigtMrUvkar obedience karsþab;»vaT off-farm employment kargareRkAksidæan object to v. CMTas;/ RbqaMg officer m®nþI objection, have no Kµankaryl;Tas; official pøÚvkar/ ~ confirmation esckþI objective n. & adj. 1> kmµvtßú/ TisedA bBa¢ak;CapøÚvkar/ ~ rate GRtapøÚvkar 2> stüanum½t/ EdlQrelIkarBitCak;Esþg Official Gazette raCkic© ¬esovePA¦ objectivity kmµvis½yPaB official n. m®nþIpøÚvkar/ GñkpøÚvkar obligation katBVkic©/ be under ~ man officialdom kariyaFibetyü katBVkic©/ meet one’s obligations sg offload v. CMruHecj ¬nUvGVImYyEdlxøÜn bMNulrbs;xøÜn mincg;Tuk ]> snøwkh‘unelIstMrUvkar¦ obligatory CakatBVkic©/ xanmin)an offset v. b:Hb:Uvvij/ kat;kgvij observation 1> karsegát ¬emIl¦ offshore adj. eRkAeqñr ¬eRbgkat¦ 2> esckþIsegát ¬karkt;sMKal;¦ off-the-job training observe v. segát karbNþúHbNþaldac;BIkargar observer GñksegátkarN_ ombudsman m®nþIesuIbGegátBIkartv:a obsolescence PaBhYssm½y ¬cMeBaHsßab½nrdæ b¤GgÁkarFM²¦ 66
  • 75.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 omission 1> karxkxan ¬min)aneFVI¦ operation Rbtibtþikar/ insurance ~ 2> karkat;ecj 3> GVIEdl min)aneFVI rW kat;ecj RbtibtþikarFanar:ab;rg omnibus adj. cMruHmux/ ~ agreement operational costs bnÞúkcMNayRbtibtþikar kic©RBmeRBogcMruHmux/ ~ bill of lading operative system RbB½n§Rbtibtþikar GBaØtb½RtrYm operator Rbtibtþikr on an equal footing edayesµIPaBnigesµIsiT§i opinion eyabl;/ mti/ ~ poll karsÞg;mti on the path of reform elImaKa’énkMENTMrg; opportunity kalanuvtþiPaB/ »kas onerous adj. Gs;esah‘uyeRcIn opportunity cost tMél»kasRtUv)at;bg;/ one-stop service esvaRckecjcUlEtmYy tMélénkarlHbg; ongoing activity skmµPaBkMBug dMeNIrkar¼ opposition 1> karRbqaMg rW CMTas; RbRBwtþeTA 2> bkSRbqaMg on-the-job training karbNþúHbNþal optical fiber cable ExSkabGubTic P¢ab;nwgkargar optimal allocation karélEckRbesIrbMput open adj. cMh/ ~ economy esdækic©ebIk optimism suTidiæniym cMh/ ~ account KNnIcMh ¬kt;RtakarTij optimistic estimate kar)a:n;sµansuTidæi eCOedayGñkTijKµandak;vtßúFana¦ optimise v. eFVIeGay)anRbesIr ¬bMput¦ open balance smtulümanelx ¬minsUnü¦ option CMerIs/ at your ~ tamCMerIsrbs;Gñk/ open cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtKµanqUt ¬b¤cMh¦ share ~ siT§iTijPaKh‘un ¬kñúgéføNamYyenA open credit NTanKµandak;vtßúFana eBlNamYy¦ naGnaKt ¬sMrab;GtifiCnl¥rbs;FnaKar¦ oral agreement/contract open market pSarcMh/ pSaresrI/ kic©RBmeRBog¼ kic©snüapÞal;mat; ~ operations RbtibtþikarelIpSarcMh ¬minEmnCalaylkçN_GkSr¦ open policy eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay order 1> bBa¢a/ provincial/municipal ~ open the trade sector v. dIkaextþ¼Rkug/ 2> lMdab; 3> sNþab;Fñab;/ ebIkTUlayvis½yBaNiC¢kmµ public ~ sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ opening balance smtulüedImRKa order for payment (French: mandat opening bank (for letters of credit) de dépense) GaNtþiebIkR)ak;cMNay FnaKarebIksarNTan order form/slip b½NÑbBa¢aTij operating budget fvikaRbtibtþikar order, purchase b½NѼkar bBa¢aTij operating costs/expenses bnÞúkcMNay ordinary share PaKh‘unsamBaØ RbtibtþikarFmµta ordnance yuT§P½NÐ/ unexploded ~ 67
  • 76.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH outlook TsSnvis½y/ karRbemIlemIlGnaKt organic agriculture ksikmµsrIragÁ output Fatuecj/ plitpl/ final ~ organic/organisational law Fatuecj sMerc¼cugeRkay c,ab;erobcMGgÁkar output tax or VAT (value added tax) organisation chart GgÁkarelx GakrelItMélbEnßm organisational structure outreach kareQagdl;/ karQandl; rcnasm<½n§cat;taMg outsource v. cuHkic©snüaxageRkA Organisation for Economic outstanding adj. enACMBak;/ ~ balance Cooperation and Development smtulüenACMBak;/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt (OECD) GgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© minTan;sgR)ak;/ ~ loans kMcIenACMBak; ~ nigGPivDÆn_ student sisSBUEk orientation kartMrg;Tis outstanding obligations (debt) oriented (orientated) tMrg;eTArk/ sMedA/ bMNulhYskalbriecäT manninñakareTArk outward-looking country origin RbPBedIm/ edImkMeNIt/ bJsKl;/ RbeTsebIkcMh ¬eq<aHeTAxageRkA¦ certificate of ~ viBaØabnb½RtRbPBedIm TMnij/ overcapacity smtßPaBelIs ¬tMrUvkarplit¦ country of ~ RbeTsRbPBedIm overcharge kMérykelIs ¬elIskMritsmrmü¦ origin, zero point Kl;G½kS overcontrol karRtYtBinitühYs original cost tMélenAeBlcUl overdraft 1> kardkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaØI ¬tMélsMPar³eBlTijcUl¦ 2> NTankMNt;/ NTanelIssmtulü original invoice vikáybRtedIm ¬FnaKar¦ originating bank FnaKarebIksarNTan overdraft, to grant an orthodox policy eKalneya)aysmµamti GnuBaØatNTanelIssmtulü ¬RsmtamkarCMenO¼mtiCaTUeTA¦ overdue hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ bill lixit outcome lT§pl TarR)ak;hYskalkMNt;/ ~ loans R)ak;kMcI outdated, out-of-date hYssm½y hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ payment karsgR)ak; outflow lMhUrecj hYskalkMNt;sg outgoing letters lixitecj overfishing karensaTRtIhYsRbmaN outgoings cMNay overheads or overhead expenses/costs outlays (financial) cMNay/ debt cMNay Rbeyal¼TUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nig amortisation ~ cMNayrMls;bMNul sMxan;² dUcCa QñÜlpÞH/ TUrs½BÞ/ sMPar³kariyal½y>>> outlet kEnøglk;ecj EdlminTak;TgedaypÞal;nwgkarplit¦ 68
  • 77.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 overheated economy esdækic©rt;ekþAeBk ¬bBa¢IbBa¢ak;karevcx©b;TMnij¦ ¬kMeNInskmµPaBesdækic©EdleFVI[mankMeNIn packing, non-returnable GtiprNa¦ sMbkevcx©b;minRmmUlykvij overlap RtYtKña/ KgKña pact ktikasBaØa ¬kic©RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar¦ overlook emIlrMlg paddy RsUv/ ~ husking karkinRsUv/ overpopulation RbCaCneRcInhYs ~ plots GMBkERs overproduction briplitkmµ/ karplitelIs paid holidays éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ overriding (in law) sMxan;CagGVIÉeTot paid-up capital mUlFn)anbg;CMrH over-sampling karykKMrUtagelIs ¬edImTunEdl)anbg;ehIy¦ overseas adj. enAbreTs/ ~ branches panel of experts KN³CMnajkar saxaenAbreTs panic karP½yep¥Il/ GehtuP½y/ financial ~ oversight 1> karRbEhsePøcPøaMg GehtuP½yhirBaØvtßú 2> karemIlxusRtUvelI/ karTTYlbnÞúk paper loss/profit cMeNj¼xat elIRkdas overspending cMNayhYskMNt; ¬RTBü)ancuH¼ekIntMélb:uEnþminTan;)anlk;ecjeT¦ overstaffed EdlmanbuKÁlikeRcInhYs paper money luyRkdas/ RkdasR)ak; overtime, work v. eFVIkarem:agbEnßm paperwork kargarRkdassñam overview karBinitüCaTUeTA/ TsSn³rYm par value tMélcuHelIb½NÑ ¬rW tMélcarwk¦ overwhelming majority PaKeRcInelIslb; paradox brmti/ Rbtimti owner m©as;/ m©as;kmµsiT§i/ kmµsiT§ikr/ ~ of paradoxically EdlRbTaMgRbeTIsépÞkñúg the goods m©as;TMnij paramedic n. GñkGmevC¢saRsþ ownership kmµsiT§i/ PaBCam©as; paramedical adj. GmevC¢saRsþ parameter ):ar:aEm:Rt pare the budget v. bnßyfvikabnþicmþg² P, p parent company Rkumh‘unem park ]Tüan/ national ~ ]TüanCati package kBa©b;/ ~ budget kBa©b;fvika/ partiality n. PaBlMeGog ¬kñúgkarCYyKaMRT¦ pay/salary ~ kBa©b;ebovtSr_ ¬ebovtSr_ nig participant n. GñkcUlrYm R)ak;]btßmÖepSg² sMrab;kargarGVImYy¦ ~ tour participate v. cUlrYm kBa©b;ExSTsSnkic© participation 1> karcUlrYm packaging (accounting) sMbkevcx©b; 2> PaKkmµ ¬karbNþak;Tun¦ packing list bBa¢Ievcx©b; 69
  • 78.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 participatory poverty assessment pay out v. TUTat;¼bg; R)ak;ecj (PPA) karvaytMélPaBRkIRkedaymankarcUlrYm pay up v. TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK participatory rural appraisal (PRA) payable adj. sg)an/ ~ to bearer karvaytMélCnbTedaymankarcUlrYm sgeGayGñkkan;/ ~ to order sgtambBa¢a partner édKU/ smaKt/ GñkcUlh‘un payback period 1> ry³eBlRtUvsgkMcIvij partnership 1> PaBCaédKU 2> CMnYjh‘unKña 2> ry³eBl RbmUlTun)anvij¼Rsg;edIm part-time work kargarmineBjem:ag ¬)ancMeNjesµITundak;cuH¦ party (to the contract) PaKI ¬énkic©snüa¦ payee GñkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;[ pass the test (education) eFVIetsþCab; payer Gñkbg;R)ak;¬[eK¦ passbook esovePAR)ak;beBaØI paying bank FnaKarTUTat; passive adj. Gkmµ paying business GaCIvkmµ¼CMnYj Edl passport lixitqøgEdn pþl;cMeNj past-due debt bMNulhYs kalkMNt;¼ payment karTUTat;/ karbg;R)ak;/ karsgR)ak;/ éf¶kMNt;sg ~ by instalments karsgbNþak; ¬]> tamEx¦/ patent RbkasnIyb½Rt ¬GnuBaØateGayRbkb ~ credit NTanTUTat;/ ~ currency rUbiyvtßú GaCIvkmµ¦/ )a:tg;/ ~ licence b½NÑ):atg; TUTat;/ ~ in kind karTUTat;Cavtßú/ ~ systems patrimony ebtikP½NÐ/ RTBüsm,tþi/ RbB½n§TUTat;/ ~ mechanism ynþkarTUTat;/ ekrþ×mrtk ¬EdlmanCab;tmkBIxag«Buk¦ ~ warrant GaNtþiebIkR)ak; patron Gñk]btßmÖ/ emekIy/ bri)al payoff n. R)ak;bg;pþac; pattern lMnaM/ KMrU/ trading ~ lMnaMeFVI payout n. 1> R)ak;TUTat;ecj 2> R)ak;bg;CYy BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ of rotation lMnaMvilpøas;bþÚrKña Rkumh‘unNamYy ¬]> edayrdæaPi)al¦ pawn v. bBa©aM payroll bBa¢I¼tarag ebovtSr_ pawnbroker kugsuI ¬bBa©aM¦ peace building karksagsnþiPaB pay as you earn (PAYE) pecuniary Tak;TgnwgR)ak;kas/ ~ motives RbB½n§Bn§kat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ ehtuplxagluykak; pay at sight sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar penalise v. Bin½y/ dak;eTas pay back v. sgvij penalty eTasT½NÐ/ eTasbBaØtþi/ karpakBin½y pay n. ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMér/ holidays with ~ pending accounts KNnIBüÜr ¬rg;caM éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_/ leave without ~ karedaHRsay¦ karQb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_ pension esaFnnivtþn_/ R)ak;ruWERtt/ ~ fund pay off v. 1> TUTat;¼bg; pþac; mUlniFiesaFnnivtþn_ 2> TUTat;R)ak;pþac; nigbBa©b;kargarGñkNamñak; 70
  • 79.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 pensioner GñkTTYlesaFnnivtþn_ perpetual inventory system per diem ¬R)ak;¦ cMNaytaméf¶ ¬Kittam RbB½n§sareBIP½NÐnirnþn_ cMnYnéf¶ nigtamFmµtamanGRtaesµIKñasMrab; perpetuity nic©PaB buKÁlikRKb;kMrit¦ person buKÁl/ physical/natural ~ percentage PaKry rUbvnþbuKÁl/ legal person/entity nItibuKÁl perception sBaØaxn§/ cMNab;GarmµN_ personal pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ consumption performance TegVI/ karGnuvtþn_/ lT§pl/ kareRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ effects sMPar³ ~ standard sþg;dar lT§pl¼Rbtibtþi eRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ loan kMcIpÞal;xøÜn ¬sMrab; performing EdldMeNIrkar/ ~ asset kareRbIR)as;kñúgRKYsar rW pÞal;xøÜn minEmnsMrab; RTBüskmµdMeNIrkar/ non ~ asset RTBüskmµ GaCIvkmµeT¦/ ~ property RTBüpÞal;xøÜn/ mindMeNIrkar ~ revenue R)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl/ ~ selling period ry³eBl/ GMLúgeBl/ RKa ¬KNenyü¦ kareXasnapSaylk;pÞal; ¬énbuKÁlmñak;¦/ periodic tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl/ samayik/ ~ income tax Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl ~ control system RbB½n§RtYtBinitütamkal personal identification number kMNt;/ ~ order system RbB½n§bBa¢aTijeTogeBl (see PIN) periodical n. kalikb½Rt ¬TsSnavdþI/ personality 1> buKÁliklkçN³ ¬KYrkt;sMKal;¦ RBwtþib½Rt>>>¦ 2> Gñkl,Il,aj periodically edayeTogeBl personnel buKÁlik/ ~ benefits GtßRbeyaCn_ periodicity samyikPaB pþl;eGaybuKÁlik perishable adj. EdlgayxUc¬KuNPaB¦/ perspective yfaTsSn_/ TsSnvis½y ~ goods TMnijgayxUc PERT (Programme Evaluation and perishables n. TMnijgayxUc Review Techniques) bec©keTsBinitü perks (or perquisites) GtßRbeyaCn_ vaytMélKMerag ¬rW kmµviFI¦ bEnßm ¬pþl;CabEnßmelIebovtSr_¦ pessimistic estimate kar)a:n;sµanTuTidæi permanent Gcié®nþy_/ ~ establishment pesticides fñaMsMlab;stVcéRg RKwHsßanGcié®nþy_/ RKwHsßanCab;lab;/ ~ organ petition jtþi GgÁkarGcié®nþy_ petroleum eRbgkat/ eRbgn§n³/ ~ security permit lixitGnuBaØat/ Tidæakar/ building ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBogsþIBI snþisuxeRbgn§n³ lixitGnuBaØatsagsg;/ export/import ~ petty cash sac;R)ak;bnþicbnþÜc/ ~ custodian lixitGnuBaØatnaMecj¼naMcUl/ work ~ lixit Gñkkan;hibR)ak; ¬R)ak;tictYc¦/ ~ book esovePA GnuBaØateGayeFIVkar ¬sMrab;CnbreTs¦ cMNaytUctac/ ~ fund ebLa/ mUlniFisMrab; 71
  • 80.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 cMNaybnþicbnþÜc/ ~ voucher b½NÑcMNayebLa planning Epnkarkmµ/ kareFVIEpnkar/ Ph.D. (degree) fñak;bNÐit karksagEpnkar phase n. dMNak;kal plant n. 1> eragcRk 2> eRKOgm:asuIn Phillips curve ExSekaghVIlIB ¬bgðaj plantation cMkar/ rubber ~ cMkarekAs‘U TMnak;TMngrvagGRtaERbRbYlénR)ak;ebovtSr_ platform evTika/ kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs; eTAnwgkMritnikmµPaB¦ KNbkS¦ phone card s½BÞb½Rt ¬katTUrs½BÞ¦ playback karcak;eLIgvij ¬ExSGat;>>¦ physical rUbvnþ/ Cak;Esþg/ ~ accounts pledge karsnüa/ R)ak;snüaeGay KNenyürUbFatu/ ~ environment brisßan plenary session sm½yRbCMueBjGgÁ rUbvnþ/ ~ factor ktþarUbvnþ/ ~ infrastructure plot dILÚt_/ k,aldI ehdæarcnasm<½n§rUbvnþ/ ~ investment vinieyaK plough back v. vinieyaKbnþ ¬nUvR)ak;cMeNj¦ rUbvnþ ¬CasMPar³/ R)ak;kas>>¦/ ~ resources pocket of poverty RcklðkmanPaBRkIRk FnFanrUbvnþ ¬GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>¦ polarisation, social PaB)ak;EbksgÁm/ physical therapist GñkBüa)aledayclna karRbmUlpþúMCa ¬BIr¦RkummanKMnitpÞúyKña phytosanitary PUtKamGnam½y police record, copy of the piece rate GRtatamÉktaplit lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;b:UlIs¦ ¬kMérKittambrimaNplit)an¦ policy brief segçbsMrab;eKalneya)ay pilot project KMeragsakl,g policy formulation nimµitkmµ¼karksag PIN (personal identification number) eKalneya)ay elxsMKal;pÞal;xøÜn/ elxGtþsBaØaNbuKÁl policy framework Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay pioneer industry ]sSahkmµQanmux policymaker Gñkksag¼GñkkMNt; pioneering work kargarQanmux¼ RtYsRtay eKalneya)ay political platform (of a party) pisciculture karciBa©wmRtI/ mcävb,kmµ pittance R)ak;cMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ poll n. kare)aHeqñat place kEnøg polling station kariyal½ye)aHeqñat plan n. Epnkar/ five-year ~ EpnkarR)aMqñaM/ pollutant n. sarFatubMBul investment ~ EpnkarvinieyaK/ rolling ~ pollution karbMBul/ air ~ karbMBulxül; EpnkarrMkil polyculture kareFVIVdMNaMeRcInmux/ Bhuvb,kmµ planned economy esdækic©Epnkar population RbCaCn/ ~ growth rate GRta planner GñkeFVIEpnkar/ EpnkarI kMeNInRbCaCn/ ~ policy eKalneya)ayRbCaCn 72
  • 81.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 port of loading/shipment kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij pragmatic adj. EdlKitBIlT§pl/ Edlmanpl portfolio investments vinieyaKCamUlb½Rt pre- mun/ buer/ pre-Angkor buerGgÁr/ ¬PaKh‘unTaMgGs;rbs;vinieyaKinNamñak;¦ pre-crisis munvibtþi/ position 1> CMhr pre-action controls karRtYtBinitümunskmµPaB 2> tMENg/ vacant ~ tMENgTMenr precarious path KnøgeRKaHfñak; positive adj. viC¢man/ ~ balance of precedent n. krNIyutþisaRsþ ¬tulakar¦ payments CBa¢IgTUTat;viC¢man/ ~ cash flow preceding mun/ ~ year qñaMmun ¬qñaMmunTI1¦ lMhUrsac;R)ak;viC¢man ¬sac;R)ak;hUrcUlFMCag precious stones t,Úg ¬fµ¦ mantMél sac;R)ak;ecj¦/ ~ interest karR)ak;viC¢man preclude RcanecalCamun ¬GRtakarR)ak;x<s;CagGRtaGtiprNa¦ pre-concession inventory possession karkan;kab;/ ePaK³ sareBIP½NÐbuersm,Tan post CaeRkay/ ~ auditing svnkmµCaeRkay precondition buerlkçxNÐ ¬lkçxNÐRtUv post a profit/loss RbkasCa saFarN³¼ bMeBjCamun¦ pøÚvkar BI cMeNj rW kMhat predictability n. PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an/ post an entry/item to the ledger TsSlT§PaB cuHelxnaeTAkñúgesovePAFM predictable adj. GacTsSn_Tay)an post-action controls karRtYtBinitü preemption siT§iTijmuneK ¬nUvsnøwkh‘un eRkayskmµPaB ecjpSayfµIEfmeTot¦ post-date v. cuHkalbriecäTGnaKt pre-existing condition lkçxNÐmantaMgBImun potential n. & adj. 1> skþanuBl pre-feasibility study karsikSamun 2> skþanuPUt karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an potentiality skþanuPaB preference cMNUlcitþ poverty PaBRkIRk/ TurKtPaB/ ~ reduction preference share h‘unGnueRKaH ¬EdlCa karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk/ ~ line bnÞat;RkIRk erOy² KµansiT§ie)aHeqñateT b:uEnþTTYl)anPaK power GMNac/ siT§iGMNac/ kMlaMg/ GanuPaB laPmunh‘unÉeTot nigRtUvsgmunh‘unFmµta kñúg power boat Lúgbut ¬GUb½r¦ krNIrMlayRkumh‘un¦ power grid/network bNþajGKÁIsnI preferential EdlmansiTi§/ EdleKcUlcitþ power of attorney lixitRbKl;siT§i ¬CagGVImYyeTot¦/ ~ creditor NTayk practice karGnuvtþn_ Cak;Esþg¼RbcaM/ mansiTi§TarbMNulmun/ ~ duty (tariff) GRta professional ~ RbRBwtþikmµviC¢aCIv³ Bn§KyGnueRKaHBiess ¬Tab¦ practitioner GñkGnuvtþ ¬RbcaM¦ pre-investment agency TIPñak;garBinitü 73
  • 82.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 lT§PaBmuneBlvinieyaK prices to suit all pockets éføsmRsb prejudice 1> buervinicä½y 2> kareFVI[xUcxatdl; nwglT§PaBTijrbs;RKb;Kña preliminary adj. epþImmux/ ~ discussion pricing karkMNt;éfø/ ~ system RbB½n§kMNt;éfø karBiPakSaepþImmux clearance ~ karkMNt;éføedIm,IbeBa©jTMnij premises GaKar nigdICitGaKar ¬kmµsiT§ikr primary bzm/ dMbUg/ ~ factor income ktþa EtmYy¦ cMNUlbzm/ ~ factor of production ktþa premium buBVlaP/ at a ~ Edllk;)anéfø plitkmµbzm/ ~ health care (PHC) karEfTaM ¬elIsFmµta¦/ insurance ~ buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg suxPaBbzm/ ~ needs tMrUvkarcaM)ac; CamUldæan/ prepaid expense cMNaybg;mun ~ sampling unit (PSU) ÉktaykKMrUtag prepaid income cMNUlTTYlmun dMbUg/ ~ selection CMerIsdMbUg/ ~ stratification prerequisite buBVlkçxNÐ RsTab;nIykmµdMbUg/ ~ -sampling frame prescription bBaØtþi¼evC¢bBa¢a (PSF) eRKagykKMrUtagdMbUg present v. bgðaj/ presenter Gñkbgðaj/ primary education karGb;rMkMritbzm presentation bTbgðaj prime cost tMélplitpÞal; ¬KµanbUkcMnayTUeTA¦ present value tMélbc©úb,nñ principal (in power transfer) GaNtþiTayk press release RbkasB½t’man principal accountant prestige kitüanuPaB/ PaBefáIg/ ~ product KNenyükredImExS ¬RksYghirBaØvtßú¦ plitplRbNitfáúMefáIg principal insurance company presumption karsnµtCamun/ sc©FarN_/ Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rgedIm ~ of innocence sc©FarN_énnireTas principle of equality and mutual benefit pre-tax profit cMeNjmunbg;Bn§ eKalkarN_esµIPaBnigmanRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk prevalence eRbv:aLg;¼PaBCaTUeTA prior adj. BImun/ ~ agreement price éfø/ agreed ~ éføRBmeRBog/ all-in ~ kic©RBmeRBogBImun éføsBVRKb;/ bargain ~ or cut ~ éføefakNas;/ prioritise v. eFVIGaTiPavUbnIykmµ list ~ éføelIbBa¢I¬kataLúk¦/ ~ and salary priority n. GaTiPaB/ have/take ~ over freeze karTb;éfø nigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ manGaTiPaBelI ~ discrimination karerIseGIgkñúgkarkMNt;éfø/ private company or privately owned ~ list bBa¢Iéføø/ closing/opening ~ éføeBl company Rkumh‘unÉkCn ehobbiThag¼ebIklk;/ cost ~ éføedIm/ private income cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ competitive ~ éføRbkYtRbECg/ fair ~ éfø private investor vinieyaKinÉkCn yutþiFm’/ rock bottom ~ éføefakbMput/ selling ¬mnusSFmµtaEdlmanR)ak;vinieyaK¦ ~ éfølk;/ ~ fixing karXubXitkMNt;éfø private economic entity 74
  • 83.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 GgÁPaBesdækic©ÉkCn kic©snüaEbgEckplitkmµ privatisation ÉkCnnIykmµ/ ÉkCnPavUbnIykmµ productive adj. manplitPaB/ ~ assets privilege 1> ÉksiT§i ¬GtßRbeyaCn_Biess¦ RTBüskmµmanplitPaB/ ~ ratio smaPaK 2> buBVsiT§i ¬siT§iBiess¦ plitPaB pro forma invoice vikáybRtbeNþaHGasnñ productivity plitPaB proactive skmµRKb;RKg/ skmµRbyuT§ profession n. viC¢aCIv³/ medical ~ viC¢aCIv³ probability RbU)ab‘ÍlIet/ PvnIyPaB/ ¬xag¦ eBTü ~ sampling karykKMrUtagedayRbU)ab‘ÍlIet professional énviC¢aCIv³/ ~ fees esah‘uy procedural law (French: code de viC¢aCIv³/ ~ secrecy karrkSasMgat;viC¢aCIv³ procédure) c,ab;nItiviFI profile n. TMrg;/ rUbPaBTUeTA ¬]> énRkumh‘un procedure nItiviFI cMeBaHsaFarNCn¦ proceeds R)ak;cMNUl/ pl/ net ~ cMNUlsuT§ profit cMeNj/ R)ak;cMeNj/ healthy ~ process dMeNIrkar cMeNjeRcIn/ ~ margin GRtacMeNj/ Gb,har/ processing karEkécñ/ RbRBwtþkmµ/ karcat;Ecg ~ sharing karEbgEckR)ak;cMeNj ¬Tinñn½y>>¦/ certificate of ~ viBaØabnb½RtbBa¢ak; profit and loss account or profit and BIkEnøgEkécñ loss statement (US) KNnIcMeNjxat proclamation esckþIRbkas/ karRbkas KNnIlT§pl/ r)aykarN_cMNUlcMNay procurement lT§kmµ/ karpÁt;pÁg;/ ~ phase profitability PaBmancMeNj dMNak;kalpÁt;pÁg; programme of action kmµviFIskmµPaB producer plitkr/ ~ surplus plelIs)an progress vDÆnPaB/ PaBeCOnelOn/ CMenOn/ dl;plitkr ~ report r)aykarN_CMenOn/ ~ payment product plitpl/ ~ breadth cMnYnmuxplitpl/ karTUTat;tamdMNak;énCMenOnkargar/ in ~ kMBug ~ cycle vdþplitpl/ ~ depth Funplitpl eCOnelOn ¬kñúgExSplitplnimYy²¦/ ~ line/ range ExS progressive personal income tax plitpl ¬plitplRbhak;RbEhlKña 1ExS¦/ Bn§kMeNIntamfñak;elIcMNUlbuKÁl ~ mix l,ayplitpl ¬plitplTaMgGs; prohibition karhamXat; Edldak;lk; rWplitedayshRKasNamYy¦ prohibitive adj. 1> Edlx<s;hYslT§PaB production plitkmµ/ ~ accounts KNnI ¬éfø/ tMél¦ 2> EdlhamXat; ¬c,ab;¦ plitkmµ/ ~ cost cMNayplitkmµ/ ~ line project KMerag/ ~ appraisal karvaytMél ExSsgVak;plitkmµ/ ~ system RbB½n§plitkmµ KMerag/ ~ cycle vdþénKMerag/ ~ formulation production-sharing contract (PSC) karksagKMerag/ ~ justification yutþikmµKMerag/ 75
  • 84.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ~ proposal sMeNIKMerag/ ~ implementation prosecutor RBHraCGaCJa karGnuvtþn_KMerag/ prospect niTsSn_ ¬karrMBwgTuk¦ projection karKn;KUrCamun prospecting licence GaCJab½NÑsMrab;kar proliferation karrIksay ¬cMnYn¦ rukrk ¬eRbgkat/ Er:>>>¦ promise to pay (French: engagement de prospective buyer GñkTijkñúgkarrMBwg dépense) karsnüacMNay prospector Gñkrukrk ¬Er:>>>¦/ buersI promissory note b½NÑCMBak;R)ak;/ b½NÑsnüasg prospectus briyayb½NÑ promotion 1> kartMelIgzan³ ¬buKÁlik¦ prosperity vibulPaB 2> karpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ protection kic©¼kar karBar/ 3> karCMruj/ ~ of commercial interests environment(al) ~ kic©karBarbrisßan karCMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ protectionist measure promotional strategy viFankarkarBarplitplkñúgRsuk yuT§saRsþpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ protocol 1> BiFIsar ¬Éksar¦ prompt adj. Pøam²/ ~ cash R)ak;bg;dl;éd/ 2> BiFIkar ¬sMrab;BiFIepSg²¦ ~ delivery karRbKl;Pøam²/ ~ payment protracted war s®gÁamruaMér: karTUTat;Pøam² provision 1>esckþIEcg/ bTb,BaØtþi rWbBaØtiþ proof Psþútag/ skçIkmµ ¬c,ab;¦/ final ~Gvsanb,BaØtþi/ transitional propensity TMenar/ ]bnisS½y ~ Gnþrb,BaØtþi 2> viFankareRtom 3> vtßúpÁt;pÁg;/ property RTBü/ sm,tþi/ RTBüsm,tþi/ sMviFanvtßú kmµsiT§i/ dInigGaKar/ ~ insurance karFana provision dealer, retail Gñklk;raynUv r:ab;rgRTBüsm,tþi/ ~ tax Bn§elIRTBüsm,tþi¼ TMnijes,ógGahar kmµsiT§i provision reserve sMviFanFn proportion n. smamaRt/ in ~ to provisional invoice vikáybRtbeNþaHGasnñ smamaRtnwg proxy 1> GñkTTYlkarepÞrsiT§i/ GaNtþiKahk proportional allocation 2> ÉksarsiT§iRbTan/ lixitepÞrsiT§i karélEcksmamaRt 3> siT§iRbTan/ karepÞrsiT§i proportional tax system RbB½n§Bn§smamaRt prudent monetary policy proposal sMeNI/ project ~ sMeNIKMerag eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtßúRbugRby½tñ proprietor, proprietress, n. m©as;/ kmµsiT§ikr prudential measure viFankarRbugRby½tñ prosecution 1> bNþwgsaFarN³/ karbþwgecaT prudential rule viFanRbugRby½tñ Rbkan; 2> Gyükar ¬PaKIedImecaTkñúgerOgRBhµTNЦ 76
  • 85.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 public administration rdæ)alsaFarN³ purposive sampling karykKMrUtagtam public n. & adj. 1>saFarNCn/ general eKaledA ~ saFarNCn 2>saFarN³/ ~ accounting/ accounts KNenyüsaFarN³/ ~ company Q, q or ~ limited company (PLC) Rkumh‘un PaKh‘un/ saCIvkmµ ¬manecjsnøwkh‘unlk;[ qualification KuNvuDÆi/ kMritCMnaj/ saFarNCn¦/ ~ finance hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³/ KuNsm,tþixagCMnaj/ lkçN³sm,tþi ~ adminstrative establishment RKwHsßan qualified acceptance karTTYlRBm rdæ)alsaFarN³/ ~ entity GgÁPaBrdæ ~ order edaymanlkçxNÐ sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³/ ~ proclamation qualitative énKuNPaB/ ~ method esckþIRbkasCasaFarN³/ ~ sector vis½y viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbKuNPaB saFarN³/ ~ utilities shRKaspÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ quality shipped KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ eBlpÞúk ¬pþl;esvasMrab;plRbeyaCn_saFarN³dUcCa quality standard sþg;darKuNPaB/ Twk/ GKÁIsnI/ ]sµ½n/ TUrKmnaKmn_¦/ ~ works bmanIyKuNPaB saFarN³kar quantitative énbrimaN/ ~ method public relations TMnak;TMngsaFarN³ viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦tamEbbbrimaN publicise v. pSBVpSay ¬c,ab;¦ quarrying GaCIvkmµ¬yk¦fµ public-spirited EdlKitRbeyaCn_saFarNCn quarter 1> RtImas/ 2> mYyPaKbYn/ 2nd ~ publish v. 1> e)aHBum<pSay of 7th century mYyPaKbYnTI2énstvtSr_TI7 2> RbkaspSay/ RbkaspSayCasaFarN³ quarter-day éf¶RbKl;R)ak;¬QñÜl¦RbcaMRtImas purchase ledger esovePAFMTij quarterly adj. & adv. RbcaMRtImas ¬kt;RtakarTijcUl¦ quasi-money rUbiyvtßúepSg² purchase v. & n. 1> Tij/ ~ on credit quasi-public institution TijeCO 2> karTij sßab½nsaFarN³Rbhak;RbEhl purchaser GñkTij/ likely/prospective ~ questionnaire bBa¢IsMnYr ¬sMrab;sMPasn_¦ GñkTijEdleKrMBwg quick ratio smaPaKrh½s purchasing power GMNacTij/ lT§kmµBl/ quintile bBa©PaK ¬sßiti¦ ~ of the currency GMNacTijénrUbiyvtßú quorum kUr:um ¬cMnYnmnusScaM)ac;sMrab;ebIkkarRbCMu¦ purge visuT§ikmµ/ viercnkmµ/ karsMGitsMGag quota kUta/ fixing of ~ karkMNt;kUta/ ~ purify v. cMraj;eGaysuT§/ bnSúT§/ eRcaHsMGat regime rbbkUta/ ~ sampling purpose eKaledA karykKMrUtagtamkUta 77
  • 86.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 quotation éføRbkas ¬enATIpSar¦/ karRbkas spot ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;dl;éd éfø/ share ~ karRbkaséføsnøwkh‘un/ keen ~ rate éfø ¬Ékta¦ éføTak;Taj ¬KYreGaycg;Tij¦ ratification karpþl;sc©ab½n/ sc©anumti quote v. & n. 1> kMNt;¼):an;sµan/ ~ in rating kareFVIcMNat;fñak; tMél¼KuNsm,tþi/ local currency kMNt;éføCarUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk performance ~ kareFVIcMNat;fñak;lT§plkargar 2> éføkMNt; ratio smaPaK/ Gnu)at/ ~ analysis quoted company Rkumh‘uncUlpSarh‘un karviPaKsmaPaK ¬snøwkh‘unmanlk;¼Tij enApSarh‘un¦ rational smehtupl/ sniTanIy/ quoted price éfø)anRbkas ~ expectation karrMBwgsmehtupl quotient n. plEck rationale sniTanPaB/ ehtupl rationality sniTanPaB rationalisation sniTankmµ/ kareFVI[rwtEt R, r manRbsiT§PaB/ ~ of civil servants sniTankmµm®nþIraCkar racism BUCsasn_niym raw adj. eqA/ ~ data Tinñn½yeqA ¬minTan; raise v. 1> tMelIg/ ~ taxes tMelIgBn§ viPaK¦/ ~ materials vtßúFatuedIm 2> ekNÐRbmUl/ érGgÁas ¬R)ak;¦ real Bit/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrubBit/ rally (price) eLIgéføvij ¬eRkayBI)ancuH¦ ~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak;Bit random écdnü/ ~ check karRtYtemIl real estate/property GclnRTBü ¬dI nig écdnü/ ~ sample KMrUtagécdnü ¼b¤ GaKar¦/ ~ agency TIPñak;garGclnRTBü randomisation écdnünIykmµ realism R)akdniym range n. 1> RbeLaH/ price ~ RbeLaHéfø/ ~ reality n. tfPaB/ karBit of vision RbeLaH ¬cMgay¦ emIleXIj realisation smiT§ikmµ/ smiT§ipl 2> cMnYnmux ¬plitplRbePTNamYy¦ realise v. sMerc/ eFVIeGaysMerc 3> CYr ¬PñM¦ realty GclnRTBü rank zan³/ zannþrs½kþi ¬m®nþIraCkar¦ reasonable smrmü rank v. eFVIcMNat;fñak; ¬tamlMdab;¦ reassess v. vaytMéleLIgvij/ ransom R)ak;elaHxøÜn reassessment n. rate GRta/ exchange ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;/ rebate 1> karcuHéfø ¬elI TMnijminRtUv)a:n;¼ closing ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;enAeBlbiT/ forward karsgR)ak;munéf¶kMNt;¦ ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/ ~ of interest 2> kar bnßy¼cuH éfø ¬[GtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn¦ GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ of return GRtaTajcMNUl/ 3> karbgViltMél ¬mYyqñaMKitmþgCakardwgKuN 78
  • 87.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 dl;GtifiCn¦ ~ expenditure cMNaymþgehIymþgeTot receipt bgáan;éd/ lixitTTYl recycling karEkécññeLIgvij receiver GñkTTYl red soil dIRkhm recession, economic karFøak;cuHesdækic© red tape kariyaFibetyü/ EbbbTniym recidivism, case of krNIminragcal redeem v. 1> sgpþac;/ ~ a debt sgbMNulpþac; recipient GñkTTYl/ ~ country RbeTs 2> bþÚr¼lk; ykR)ak; ¬]>sBaØab½NѦ TTYl ¬]> CMnYy¦ redemption n. karsgpþac; ¬bMNul¦ reciprocity bdikar/ PaBmaneTAmanmk rediscount bunGbhar ¬eFVIGbharmþgeTot¦ recognise sÁal;/ TTYlsÁal;/ recognised redistribution karEbgEckeLIgvij RbtiRsut redress n. sMNg ¬karxUcxat/ CMgWcitþ¦ recommendation Gnusasn_/ mtipþaMepJI reduction karkat;bnßy/ budget ~ recompense v. & n. 1> sg ¬karxUcxat¦/ karkat;bnßyfvika 2> sMNg redundancy programme kmµviFIbBaÄb; reconcile v. bnSúI/ sMrbsMrYl/ pSHpSaeLIg BlkredaykgVHkargar vij/ reconciliation n. redundant adj. EdleRcInelIstMrUvkar rW reconnaissance study karsikSaEsVgyl; KµanRbeyaCn_ reconversion karpøas;bþÚreLIgvij/ karerob re-election kare)aHeqñatsaCafµI cMeLIgvij reexportation karnaMecjbnþ/ bunnIhrNkmµ record n. & v. 1> kMNt;Rta/ Rbvtþi/ referee GaCJakNþal ÉtTKÁkmµ ¬lT§plx<s;bMput¦/ ~ profits reference book esovePA eyag¼RsavRCav cMeNjx<s;bMputminFøab;man 2> kt;Rta reference period RKa¼ry³eBl eKal recourse ])aRs½y ¬siT§irbs;Gñkkan;rUbiyaNtþi referral hospital mnÞIreBTübEg¥k kñúgkartamTarsMNgBIGñkeFVIbidæielx¦ refinancing (loan) bunhirBaØb,Tan ¬kMcI¦ recoverable (debt) EdlGacRbmUlvij)an reflect v. qøúHbBa©aMg recovery 1> karykcUlvij ¬R)ak;bgáar¦ reforestation kardaMéRBeQIeLIgvij/ bunvnkar 2> karRbmUlmkvij/ ~ of debts karRbmUl reform n. & v. 1> kMENTMrg; 2> EkTMrg; R)ak;bMNulmkvij 3>karerIb ¬esdækic©¦ refund v. & n. 1> sgvij 2> R)ak;sgvij recreation (service) kMsanþ refusal karbdiesF/ karRbEkk/ ~ of rectangular strategy yuT§saRsþctuekaN acceptance karbdiesFkarTTYlRBm rectification karEktMrUv regardless edayminKitdl; recurrent adj. mþgehIymþgeTot/ regime rbb/ financial ~ rbbhirBaØvtßú 79
  • 88.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 region tMbn;/ sub-~ GnutMbn;/ military ~ reinvest v. 1> vinieyaKbnþ ¬vinieyaKR)ak; eyaFPUmiPaK/ military sub- ~ tMbn;Rbtibtþikar cMenjeTAkñúgGaCIvkmµvij¦ 2> vinieyaKeLIgvij swkrg reject v. & n. 1> Rcanecal regionalisation tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ 2> vtßúRcanecal ¬eRBaHminRtUvsþg;dar¦ register n.&v. 1> bBa¢I 2> cuHbBa¢/ cuHbBa¢kar I I related ¬Cab;¦ Tak;Tg¼Tak;Tin registered capital mUlFn)ancuHbBa¢I ¬CapøÚvkar¦ relation TMnak;TMng registered letter/parcel relative adj. EdleFob/ ~ price éføeFob lixit¼kBa©b;beBaØI GnusiT§i relative advantage ]tþmPaBeRbobeFob registered office (of a company) relative majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn TIcat;karcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar edayeFob ¬)ansMelgeRcInCagebkçCnmñak;eTot¦ registrar m®nþIcuHbBa¢I ¬Gñkkan;kab;bBa¢I¦ relative n. sac;jati/ jatiBn§ registration n. karcuHbBa¢I/ ~ certificate relativity saebkçPaB ¬PaBmanTMnak;TMng¦/ viBaØabnb½RtcuHbBa¢I/ ~ number elxcuHbBa¢I rWLaTIvIet regressive tax system RbB½n§Bn§fycuH release v. beBa©j/ edaHElg/ bn§Úr ¬sMBaF¦ ¬fyGRtaenAeBlcMnUlekIneLIg¦ relevant adj. EdlBak;B½n§/ ~ institution regular adj. eTogTat;/ ~ income sßab½nBak;B½n§ R)ak;cMNUleTogTat; relief n. CMnYy/ tax ~ karGnueRKaHBn§/ regularity PaBeTogTat;/ niytPaB ~ assistance CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; regularisation niytkmµ relinquish bgVileGayvij/ e)aHbg; regularly edayeTogTat; remainder sMNl; ¬GVIEdlenAsl;¦ regulate v. RKb;RKgeday bTbBa¢a¼ reminder n. lixitrMlwk ¬]> [mkbg;Bn§¦ bTb,BaØtþic,ab; remission of taxes karbgVilsgR)ak;Bn§ regulations bTbBa¢a ¬lixitbTdæan kñúg ¬Edl)anbg;elIs¦ ÉksarxøH¦/ commune ~ dIkaXMu/ general ~ remittance karepJIR)ak;ecj/ visC¢na/ karepÞrR)ak; nItirYm/ internal ~ bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg remote area tMbn;dac;Rsyal regulator niytkr removal from a government office rehabilitation karsþareLIgvij/ nItism,Ta/ dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykñúgrdæaPi)al ~ project KMerag nItism,Ta¼sþareLIgvij/ remunerate v. pþ;l;laPkar ~ of finances karsþarhirBaØvtßúeLIgvij remuneration laPkar/ R)ak;kMér/ R)ak;Ex/ reimburse v. sgvij ¬R)ak;Edl)ancMNay¦ R)ak;QñÜl/ R)ak;bMNac; reimbursement karsgvij renew v. a licence bnþGaCJab½NÑ reinsurance ¬kar¦ Fanar:ab;rgbnþ renewable energy famBlkekIteLIgvij 80
  • 89.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 rent v. & n. 1> CYl 2> R)ak;QñÜl ¬sMxan; resampling karykKMrUtagsaCafµI elIGclnRTBü ¦ reschedule (a loan) eFVIkalviPaKfµI rental 1> R)ak;QñÜl ¬GclnRTBü nig rescind v. a contract lubecalkic©snüa clnRTBü¦ 2> karCYl rescue v. & n. 1> se®gÁaH 2> karse®gÁaH renter GñkCYlBIeK research v. & n. 1> RsavRCav 2> kar reorganisation karerobcMeLIgvij RsavRCav/ ~ and development (R & D) repatriation matuPUminivtþn_ karRsavRCav nigGPivDÆn_ repayment n. karsgvij/ R)ak;sgvij/ researcher GñkRsavRCav/ associate ~ ~ schedule tarageBlsgR)ak; GñkRsavRCavrg/ fellow ~ GñkRsavRCav/ repeat order karbBa¢aTijEfmeTot senior ~ GñkRsavRCavCan;x<s; ¬nUvmuxTMnijdEdl¦ reserve FnbMrug/ zbnIyPNÐ/ ~ of value repercussion (of an incident) RbtiXat FnbMrugmantémø/ ~ ratio smaPaKFnbMrug/ replacement investment vinieyaKbnøas; ~ requirement account KNnIFnbMrug replacement value tMélpøas;ecj katBVkic©/ ~ requirements kartMrUvFnbMrug/ ¬pøas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYyepSgeTot¦ ~ tranche PaKFnbMrug replenish v. bMeBjeLIgvij reserve fund mUlniFibMrug replicate eFVIcMlgtam/ eFVIsaCafµI reserve member (of a committee) ¬tamlMnaMdUcKña¦ smaCikbMrug ¬énKN³kmµaFikar¦ report r)aykarN_/ annual ~ r)aykarN_ reserved bMrugTuk/ ~ forest éRBbMrugTuk RbcaMqñaM/ market ~ r)aykarN_éføTMnijenATIpSar reserve, Tonle Sap biosphere representative tMNag/ GñktMNag/ zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab authorized ~ GñktMNagmansiT§iRbTan residence nivasdæan/ nivasndæan reproductive adj. énkarbnþBUC/ ~ health resident nivasCn¼nivasnCn/ Gñksñak;enA/ suxPaBbnþBUC non- ~ GnivasCn¼GnivasnCn repurchase karTijykvij resident representative tMNagRbcaMRbeTs reputation ekrþ×eQµaH/ kitþinam/ good ~ residual value tMélsMNl; kitþisBÞ resignation karlaElgBItMENg request v. & n. 1> esñI 2> sMeNI resolution n. 1> esckþIsMerccitþ require v. tMrUv[ ¬eFVIGVImYy¦/ required ¬énGgÁRbCMu¦/ 2> karedaHRsay/ conflict ~ reserves R)ak;bMrugtamkartMrUv ¬]/ kñúgc,ab;¦ karedaHRsayTMnas; requirement kartMrUv resort rmNIydæan/ ~ site mNÐlkMsanþ/ 81
  • 90.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 kEnøgrmNIydæan retrenchment karkat;bnßy ¬cMnay¦ resource FnFan/ ~ consumption retroactive Rbtiskmµ/ ~ effect T§iBl kareRbIR)as;FnFan Rbtiskmµ resource-rent tax (RRT) Bn§CYlFnFan retrospection karRkeLkemIleTAGtItkal response bias lMeGogkñúgcMelIy return 1> R)ak;cMNUl 2> lixitRbkas/ tax response rate GRtaeqøIytb ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn§/ nil ~ lixitRbkas responsibility karTTYlxusRtUv sareBIBn§EdlKµanbMNulBn§RtUvbg; responsible, to hold cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv return on investment ratio smaPaK responsiveness n. kar¼PaB eqøIytb cMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK restoration n. karsþarCYsCul[dUcedIm return, rate of GRtaTajcMNUl restraining force kMlaMgbg¥ak; returnable pack(ag)ing sMbkevcx©b; restrict v. dak;kMhit/ ~ credit dak;kMhit RbmUlvij¼epJITuk elINTan returned cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtbBa¢ÚnRtLb; restriction n. kMhit/ kardak;kMhit/ trade ~ returns 1> TMnijbBa¢ÚnRtLb; kMhitBaNiC¢kmµ 2> cMNUlBIvinieyaK restructured loan kMcI)anerobcMeLIgvij revaluation karvaytMéleLIgvij ¬BnüaeBlsg¦ revealed comparative advantage resumption of exports karbnþnaMecj ]tþmPaBeRbobeFobBinitüeXIj eLIgvij ¬eRkay)anp¥akmYyry³¦ revenue cMNUl/ R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ policy retail outlet hag¼kEnøg lk;ray eKalneya)ayxagcMNUl/ unearned ~ retail, to sell lk;ray cMNUlTTYlmun retailer, retail dealer Gñklk;ray reverse an entry v. cuHbRBa©aselxna/ retail-trade business GaCIvkmµ¼ eFVIRbtiRkanþelxna BaNiC¢kmµ lk;ray reversible EdlGacERbRkLas;)an retained earnings R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk review karBinitüeLIgvij/ ~ mission retained imports TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbI ebskkmµBinitüeLIgvij/ for ~ and R)as; ¬kñúgRsuk¦ decision/approval edIm,IBinitü nigsMerc retention of staff karrkSaTukbuKÁlik revise v. EksMrYl/ revised plan Epnkar ¬kMueGayeKecjBIGgÁPaB¦ EksMrYl retiree nivtþCn revocable letter of credit retirement karcUlnivtþn_ sarNTanGaclubvij)an retirement pension esaFnnivtþn_ revoke a licence dkhUtGaCJab½NÑ ¬mkvij¦ 82
  • 91.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 revolving fund Tuncl½t reward n. & v. 1> rgVan; 2> pþl;rgVan; right n. & adj. 1> siT§i 2> RtwmRtUv S, s right of first refusal siT§ibdiesFTImYy right of way siT§iqøgkat; ¬dIeK¦ SAC (structural adjustment credit) right to the lease siT§iPtisnüa NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ ¬rbs;FnaKar ¬siT§iénkic©snüaCYl¦ BiPBelak¦ riot n. & v. 1> kub,kmµ 2> eFVIkub,kmµ safeguard v. KaMBar rise v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn safety suvtßiPaB/ ~ net sMNaj;¼RbB½n§suvtßiPaB risk haniP½y/ PaBRbfuyRbfan/ eRKaHP½y/ salary ebovtSr_/ R)ak;Ex/ starting ~ ebovtSr_ at owner’s ~ haniP½yr:ab;rgedaym©as; cab;epþImbMerIkar/ ~ index snÞsSn_ebovtSr_/ ¬TMnij¦/ ~ consideration karBicarNaBI ~ loan (receivable) kMcIelIebovtSr_ haniP½y/ ~ taking karh‘anRbfuynwghaniP½y/ sale karlk;/ cash ~ karlk;ykCasac;R)ak;/ aggregate credit ~ haniP½yNTansrub for ~ lk; ¬sresrelIpøakRbkas¦/ ~ invoice rival n. KURbECg vikáybRtlk;/ ~ contract kic©snüalk;/ ~ on road tax Bn§pøÚv credit karlk;eCO/ ~ on instalment plan role play sMEdg ¬tY¦ karlk;eGaysgbNþak;/ ~ or return epJIlk; roll over v. (loan) pþl;saeLIgvij ¬kMcI¦ ¬Gñklk;rayTUTat;sgEtéføTMnijlk;dac; rough estimate kar)a:n;sµanec,al² ehIybgVilTMnijenAsl;[Gñklk;dMuvij¦/ routine n. TMrg;kardEdl² ~ proceeds/revenue cMNUlBIkarlk; row CYr/ CYrepþk ¬tarag¦ sales R)ak;lk;)an/ cMnYnTMnijlk;)an/ royalties sYy ¬rW kMérsYysar/ R)ak;bg;éfø ~ manager naykRKb;RKgkarlk;/ ~ mix QñÜleFVIGaCIvkmµ/ R)ak;lk;sñaéd¦ sareBIP½NÐTMnijsMrab;lk;/ ~ promotion rule viFan/ ~ of law nItirdæ karpSBVpSaylk;/ ~ returns TMnijlk;min ruling esckþIsMercCapøÚvkar ¬tulakar¦/ dac;bBa¢Únmkvij/ ~ tax Bn§elIcMNUllk;)an/ saldIka ¬tulakarkMBUl¦ ~ value tMéllk;¬)an¦/ ~ volume cMnYn ruling prices éføCak;Esþg Éktalk; ¬)an¦ run a factory ¬RKb;RKg¦ dMeNIrkareragcRk salesman Gñklk;/ tMNaglk; running costs cMNay ¬sMrab;¦ dMeNIrkar salination or salinisation karERbCaéRb rush hour em:agmmajwk ¬]> dIéRb¦ salvage v. & n. 1> RbmUlvij 2> rbs;)an 83
  • 92.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 BIkarRbmUl ¬BI GKÁIP½y/ navalic>>>¦ 3> kar scarcity PaBkMr/ tnuPaB se®gÁaH ¬nava b¤TMnijpÞúk¦ scenario esNarIy:U/ qak salvage/scrap value tMélRbmUl)anvij schedular tax Bn§viPaKtamRbePTcMNUl ¬eBlbeBa©jlk;rbs; rWeRKOgcRkcas;²¦ schedule, time tarageBl/ kalviPaK sample n. KMrUtag/ ):an;/ take a ~ v. ykKMrU scheme eRKagkar tag/ ~ allocation karélEckKMrUtag/ ~ design scope visalPaB/ EdnGnuvtþ ¬c,ab;¦/ TMhM bøg;KMrUtag/ ~ group RkumKMrUtag/ ~ overlap scrap product plitplkaksMNl; karKgKMrUtag/ ~ implementation karRsg; scrap/salvage value tMélRbmUl)anvij KMrUtag/ ~ selection kareRCIsKMrUtag/ ~ survey ¬BIkarbeBa©jlk;plitplkaksMNl;¦ GegátKMrUtag sample v. ykKMrUtag/ sampled children sea-damaged EdlxUcxatedaysarTwk kumar ¬RtUv)an¦ ykCaKMrUtag smuRT sampling karykKMrUtag/ ~ bias lMeGogyk seal n. & v. 1> Rta 2> e)aHRtabiT KMrUtag/ ~ domain tMbn;ykKMrUtag/ ~ error ¬]> kugtWenIr¦/ sealed tender karedjéfø el¥ógykKMrUtag/ ~ efficiency RbsiT§PaByk kñúgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit KMrUtag/ ~ frame eRKagykKMrUtag/ ~ rate GRta seaport kMBg;EpsmuRT ykKMrUtag/ ~ variance v:arIy:g;ykKMrUtag seasonal tamrdUv/ manlkçN³rdUvkal sanction TNÐkmµ/ kmµvi)ak/ economic ~ seaworthiness lT§PaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT TNÐkmµesdækic© secondary bnÞab;bnSM/ ~ need tMrUvkar sanction, with your Edl)ankarGnuBaØat bnÞab;bnSM/ ~ data Tinñn½yRbPBTIBIr BIelakGñk secondary school salamFümsikSa/ sanctuary TICMrk/ fish ~ kEnøgGPirkSBUCRtI/ higher ~ salamFümsikSaTutiyPUmi/ lower wildlife ~ EdnCMrkstVéRB ~ salamFümsikSabzmPUmi saturate v. ep¢ak/ eFVItitßikmµ second-stage unit (SSU) ÉktadMNak;TIBIr saver GñksnSMR)ak;/ snñiFikark³ secretariat elxaFikardæan savings R)ak;snSM/ sBa¢½y/ ~ account secretary elxaFikar/ ~ general KNnI snSM¼sBa¢½y/ ~ bank FnaKar GKÁelxaFikar/ ~ of state rdæelxaFikar snSM¼sBa¢½y/ ~ curve ExSekagR)ak;snSM/ sector n. vis½y/ ~ -wide TUTaMgvis½y ~ bank book esovePAebLasMéc sectoral adj. tamvis½y/ ~ level kMritvis½y saw mill eragcRkGareQI secured mankarFana/ assets fully ~ RTBü scale xñat/ TMhM/ fñak;/ maRtdæan ¬énEpnTI¦/ skmµmankarFanaeBjelj economies of ~ esdækic©maRtdæan securities mUlb½Rt/ ~ market pSarmUlb½Rt 84
  • 93.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 security 1> snþisux/ food ~ snþisuxes,óg seller, best esovePAlk;dac;bMput 2> karFana 3> rbs;Fana ¬R)atiePaK¦ seller, quick TMnijlk;dac;qab; ¬gaylk;;¦ 4> GñkFana selling karlk;/ ~ order bBa¢alk;/ ~ price Security Council (UN) RkumRbwkSasnþisux éfølk; ¬Gsb¦ semi-autonomous Bak;kNþalsVy½t security, without edayKµanvtßúFana semiconductor GgÁFatuBak;kNþalcMlg SEDP (Socio-Economic Development ¬eGLicRtUnik¦ Programme) EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© semi-finished product plitplBak; seed n. RKab;BUC/ ~ capital Tun edIm¼BUC kNþalsMerc ¬edIm,I[)anduHdal¦/ ~ money R)ak; edIm¼BUC send back v. epJIRtLb;vij seizure karrwbGUs send for collection v. epJIeTARbmUlR)ak; selection kareRCIs/ kareRCIserIs/ ~ error sender GñkepJI el¥ógkñúgkareRCIs/ ~ interval cenøaHeRCIs/ senior adj. fñak;x<s;/ ~ minister tentative ~ kareRCIsbeNþaHGasnñ eTsrdæm®nþI/ ~ officer m®nþIfñak;x<s; self-determination sV½ysMerc seniority GtItPaB/ promotion by ~ self-employed people CnbMerIGaCIB[xøÜnÉg tMelIgfñak;tamGtItPaB self-financing sV½yhirBaØb,Tan sensitive issue bBaðaresIb self-help approach viFIsaRsþCYyxøÜnÉg sensitivity PaBresIb/ PaBqab;rMePIb/ self-managing sV½yRKb;RKg PaBqab;ejac/ evTyitPaB/ ~ analysis self-regulating mechanism ynþkar viPaKénevTyiTPaB sV½yEktMrUv sensitise v. bMpuskarPJak;rlwk self-reinforcing system RbB½n§sV½yBRgwg series of reports kMrgr)aykarN_ self-reliance PaBm©as;kar/ karBwgEp¥kelIxnÉg Üø servant GñkbMerI/ civil ~ m®nþIraCkarsuIvil/ self-sufficiency PaBGacpÁt;pÁg;xøÜnÉgRKb; public ~ m®nþIraCkar self-sustaining sV½yRTRTg; service esva/ esvakmµ/ ~ fees kMéresva/ self-weighting sV½yTMgn;/ ~ design ~ contract kic©snüaesva/ ~ charge éføesva bøg;sV½yTMgn;/ ~ sample KMrUtagsV½yTMgn; ~ industry ]sSahkmµesva sell lk;/ ~ at auction lk;edjéfø/ ~ at a service v. a debt sgkarR)ak; discount lk;cuHéfø/ ~ on credit lk;eCO/ session sm½yRbCMu/ plenary ~ sm½yRbCMu ~ up RbmUllk;eRkayeBlkS½yFn/ ~ retail eBjGgÁ lk;ray set n. sMrab; ¬]> kUnesamYysMrab;¦/ bNþúM 85
  • 94.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ¬]> bNþúMeKaledA¦ short of, be v. xVHxat/ Gs; settlement dMeNaHRsay/ karTUTat;/ final ~ short term ry³eBlxøI/ ~ payoff karTUTat;pþac;/ ~ bank FnaKarTUTat;/ plry³eBlxøI ~ credit NTanTUTat; shortage kgVH/ karRkxSt;/ ~ in weight several (liability) dac;BIKña/ erog²xøÜn kgVHTMgn; ¬karTTYlxusRtUvminrYmKña¦ short-change v. Gab; ¬R)ak;¦ xVH severance payment (or golden shortcoming kgVHxat handshake) R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar/ shortfall kgVH ¬fvika¦/ cMnYnxVH R)ak;ebIkpþac; short-season rice RsUvRsal sex worker GñkrksuIpøÚvePT show of hands n. kare)aHeqñatedayelIkéd share n. h‘un/ snøwkh‘un/ ~ market pSarh‘un sick leave karQb;sMrakeBlQW share n. & v. 1> cMENk/ market ~ cMENk sick pay R)ak;]btßmÖeBlQW TIpSar 2> EckrMElk/ ~ experiences Eck side effect plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM/ bc©½yrg rMElkbTBiesaFn_ sight bill/draft rUbiyaNtþibgðaj ¬bþÚryk shareholder Gñkkan;PaKh‘un/ PaKTunik³/ R)ak;)anenAeBlbgðaj¦ influential ~ PaKTunik³manT§iBl sight payment karsgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar sharing PaKkmµ/ karEbgEck sight deposit R)ak;beBaØIGacebIk)antamsMeNI shelter n. CMrk/ tax ~ CMrkecosBn§ ¬edayBMucaM)ac;pþl;dMNwgmun[FnaKar¦ shipped bill of lading GBaØatb½NÑdwk signatory htßelxI TMnijtamnava significance sar³sMxan; shipped quality KuNPaB¬TMnij¦eBlpÞúk silting (of waterways) karduHdI shipping agent Pñak;garnavacr silviculture rukçvb,kmµ shipping company Rkumh‘unnavacr simple samBaØ/ ~ entry elxnasamBaØ shipping note lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij ¬mancuHKNnIEt 1KU¦/ ~ interest karR)ak; shop around v. rkemIlTMnij ¬éfø/ samBaØ ¬KitelIEtR)ak;edIm¦ KuNPaB>>> edIm,ITij¦/ ERCTMnijemIl simple random sampling shoplifting karlYcv:an;kñúghag karykKMrUtagécdnüsamBaØ shopping n. karedIrTijTMnij/ international simple response variance ~ karBieRKaHéføCaGnþrCati va:rIy:g;cMelIysamBaØ short bill rUbiyaNtþikMNt;ry³eBlxøI simple unbiased estimate short delivery karRbKl;TMnijxVH kar)a:n;sµansamBaØminlMeGog short notice, at CUndMNwgmunry³eBlxøI simplification n. kareFVIsamBaØkmµ/ ~ of 86
  • 95.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 customs procedures kareFVIsamBaØkmµnItiviFIKy smuggler Gñkrt;Bn§ simplify n. eFVIeGaysamBaØ smuggling karrt;Bn§ simulation kareFVIRtab;tam social énsgÁm/ sgÁmkic©/ ~ cost bnÞúksgÁm/ sine qua non condition karxatbg;xagsgÁmkic©/ ~ cost-benefit lkçxNÐxanmin)an analysis (SCBA) karviPaKcMnay nigplcM single entry (accounting) enjxagsgÁmkic©/ ~ impact plb:HBal;sgÁm/ rebobcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK ~ insurance cost bnÞúkcMNayFanar:ab;rgsgÁm/ single indicator technique ~ justice yutþiFm’sgÁm/ ~ morality sIlFm’ bec©keTsGaMgDIkaT½reTal sgÁm/ ~ order sNþab;Fñab;sgÁm/ ~ product single window RckecjcUlEtmYy plitplsgÁm/ ~ reintegration bunsmah sinking fund mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug ¬TwkR)ak; rNkmµsgÁmkic©/ ~ safety net RbB½n§suvtßiPaB dkmkrkSaTukedayELky:ageTogTat; sMrab; sgÁm/ ~ security/welfare (budget edaHRsaytMrUvkarGVImYynaGnaKtdUcCasg expenditure) R)ak;viPaCn_sgÁm/ ~ security bMNulCaedIm¦ snþisuxsgÁm/ ~ security contribution Sino-Khmer Exµrkat;cin viPaKTansnþisuxsgÁm/ ~ status zan³ ¬kñúg¦ site TIkEnøg sgÁm/ ~ strictures bBaØtþisgÁm/ size TMhM socio-economic adj. esdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ skill CMnaj/ life ~ bMNinCIvit ~ policy eKalneya)ayesdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ slogan Baküesøak ~ survey Gegátesdækic©-sgÁmkic© slope of a curve/line cMeNatén ExSekag¼ sociology sgÁmviTüa bnÞat; soft currency rUbiyvtßúexSay sloppy adj. x¢Ix¢a/ ~ work kargarx¢Ix¢a ¬minGacbþÚrykrUbiyvtßúdéTeTot)an¦ slum n. sgáat;RkIRk¬rexkrxak¦/ ~ -dwellers soft goods TMnijvaynP½NÐ Gñkrs;enAkñúgsgáat;RkIRk soft loan kMcImankarR)ak;Tab ¬TabCagGRta slush fund hibexµA ¬begáItedaysMgat;¦ enATIpSar¦/ kMcIKµankarR)ak; small-scale xñattUc soft market TIpSarmankarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInCag SME (small and medium enterprise) tMrUvkar shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm soft repayment terms lkçxNÐsgGnueRKaH smoking gun PsþútagekþA² software (computer) sUhVEvr smooth adj. relag/ rlUn/ ~ operation soil erosion kareRcaHdac;dI dMeNIrkarrlUn ¬l¥¦ sole agency TIPñak;garpþac;mux 87
  • 96.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 sole agent/representative tMNagpþac;mux specification yfaRbePT sole distributor GñkEbgEckpþac;mux specify v. bBa¢ak;/ kMNt;/ specified sole proprietorship 1> ÉkkmµsiT§i period kal kMNt;¼bBaØtþi 2> shRKasÉkbuKÁl specimen KMrUbgðaj/ bdirUb/ ~ signature solicitor Gñkc,ab; ¬PaKeRcIn CYyBieRKaH KMrUhtßelxa eyabl; nigerobcMÉksarxagc,ab;¦ speculation n. 1> karqk;»kasekgcMeNj solidarity n. samKÁIPaB ¬kñúgkarTij¼lk;¦/ oil ~ karqk;»kasekg solvency saFnPaB/ lT§PaBsgbMNul cMeNjkñúgeRbgkat solvent saFnIy ¬EdlGacsgbMNul¦ 2> karvaysµan/ pure ~ karvaysµansuT§saF sophisticated technology bec©kviTüa spoilage n. 1> karxUcKuNPaB ¬rbs;hUb¦ eCOnelOnnigsµúKsµaj 2> rbs;xUcKuNPaB sort v. erobtamlMdab; spoils C½yP½NÐ/ vtßúrwbGUs)an sound adj. RtwmRtUv/ RbkbedayKtibNÐit spot price éføTijlk;dl;éd ¬TUTat; nig sound the market v. sÞabsÞg;TIpSar RbKl;TMnijPøam²¦ South, the TkSiNRbeTs¬RbeTsRk¦ spouse shB½T§ sovereign immunity GP½yÉksiT§irdæ ¬siT§i spread, spreading n. karrIkraldal rbs;rdæedIm,I)anrYcputBIkarbþwgTarsMNgxUcxat¦ squeeze v. expenditure rwtt,itcMNay sovereign risk haniP½yrdæaPi)alminGac stabilisation sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUbnIykmµ/ sgR)ak; ~ policy neya)aysßirkmµ sovereignty GFibetyüPaB stability, economic sßirPaBesdækic© spatial sampling karykKMrUtagtamkEnøg stable exchange rate GRtabþÚrR)ak;man special drawing rights (SDR) sßirPaB staff buKÁlik siT§idkBiess stage n. dMNak;/ dMNak;kal special economic zone tMbn;esdækc©Bess i i stagflation (stagnation + inflation) special promotion zone (SPZ) tMbn; GPivDÆn_Biess kars<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa stagnation kars<wkRTwg/ GvDÆnPaB/ speciality ÉkeTs/ rbs;Biess economic ~ kars<wkRTwgesdækic© specialisation ÉkeTsnIykmµ/ CMnajnIykmµ stake PaKkmµ/ karcUlh‘un specialised bank FnaKarÉkeTs stakeholder GñkmanPaKh‘un/ GñkBak;B½n§ specific period of time ry³¼kMNt; stamp duty Bn§Etm eBlCak;lak; standard sþg;dar/ ~ cost tMélsþg;dar/ 88
  • 97.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ~ deviation KMlatsþg;dar/ draft ~ sþg;dar eKaledA¼ecjdMeNIr RBag/ compulsory ~ sþg;darbBa¢a/ gold ~ statistics sßiti sþg;dar¼xñat mas/ ~ of living or living status sßanPaB/ zan³/ ~-inquiry agency standard kMritCIvPaB/ up to ~ dl;kMrit TIPñak;garRsavRCavsßanPaBRkumh‘un/ ~ quo sþg;dar ~ operating procedures nItiviFI sßanPaBCak;EsþgkMBugman/ ~ symbol nimitþ Rbtibtþikarsþg;dar sBaØasMKal;zan³ standard-conversion factor (SCF) statute lkçnþik³/ co-~ of civil servants ktþabMElgsþg;dar shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil standardisation sþg;darUbnIykmµ statute of limitation GaCJayukal stand-by adj. eRtom/ ~ agreement steadily CaeTogTat;/ CaCMhan² kic©RBmeRBogeRtom/ ~ credit NTaneRtom steering committee KN³kmµaFikar standing (bank) sþg;Dig¼sßanPaB/ bank dwknaMkargar¼nayk of good ~ FnaKarmansþg;Digl¥ stem n. edIm ¬cMENkeRkABIKl;Cab;b£s nig standing order lixitbBa¢aGcié®nþy_ ¬[ cugCab;søwk¦/ cassava ~ edImdMLÚgeQI FnaKarepÞrR)ak;y:ageTogTat;eTAKNnImYy ¬]> sMrab;eFVIBUC¦ eTotrhUtdl;manbBa¢afµI¦ step (in a process) CMhan ¬kñúgdMeNIrkar standpoint, from the economic GVImYy¦/ ~ by ~ mYyCMhanmþg² tamTsSn³esdækic© stereotype n. pñt;KMnit staple product plitplmUldæan stevedore kmµkrkMBg;Ep start-up cost esah‘uycab;epþIm stevedoring karelIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l; state enterprise or state-owned stewardship n. karEfTaMRKb;RKg enterprise shRKasrdæ stiff price éfø x<s;¼x<s;eBk state general budget fvikaTUeTArbs;rdæ stimulate v. CMruj/ bMpus State Treasury rtnaKarCati stipulate v. Ecg statement esckþIRbkas/ r)aykarN_/ stock n. snøwkh‘un/ ~ exchange/market financial ~ r)aykarN_hirBaØvtßú/ ~ of pSarh‘un account sMrg;¼r)aykarN_ KNnI/ ~ of stock n. sþúk/ snñiFi/ TMnij/ opening ~ affairs bBa¢IsareBIP½NÐeBlkS½yFn/ ~ of sþúkedImRKa/ out of ~ Gs;BIsþúk/ ~ control receipts and payments r)aykarN_cMNUl karRtYtBinitüsþúk/ ~ in hand sþúkkñúgéd cMNay/ monthly ~ r)aykarN_RbcaMEx ¬mankñúghag¼XøaMg¦/ ~ in trade sþúkTMnij station of destination/origin sßanIy sMrab;lk;/ ~ turnover (ratio) GRtabgVilsþk 89
  • 98.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 ¬kñúgmYyqñaM¦/ ~ lines muxTMnijkñúgXøaMg lkçN³CaRbB½n§ stock v. sþúk ¬TMnijTuklk;¦ student stipends R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit stock, natural fish sþúkRtIFmµCati study tour TsSnkic©sikSa stockbroker KYkeCh‘un sub-class fñak;rg stockout n. Gs;BIsþúk ¬PaB¦ sub-classification cMNat;fñak;rg stockpile v. & n. sþúkeRcIn² ¬nUvGVImYy subcontract v. em:Akarbnþ/ cuHkic©snüabnþ sMrab;eRbIenAéf¶eRkay¦ subcontractor Gñkem:Akarbnþ/ GñkcuHkic©snüabnþ stocktaking kareFVIsareBIP½NÐ/ ~ sale sub-decree GnuRkwtü karlk;LayLúgmuneBleFVIsareBIP½NÐ ¬edIm,I[ subdivide v. Eckbnþ ¬KNnI/ Rkum>>¦ RsLHXøaMg¦ subjective choice CMerIsGtþenam½t stopfiler (tax) Gñkdak;RbkassareBIBn§ sublet, sublease CYlbnþ min)anRKb;elIk sub-national adj. fñak;eRkamCati storage karsþúk ¬Tukdak;GIv:an;kñúgXøaMg¦ subordinate entity GgÁPaB eRkam»vaT¼ storekeeper/shopkeeper m©as;hag cMNuH straight-line depreciation method subpoena v. & n. 1> ekaHsakSI viFIrMls;esµIPaK ¬tulakar¦/ 2> dIkaekaHsakSI strategic needs tMrUvkarCayuT§saRsþ sub-product, forest GnupléRBeQI strategist n. yuT§saRsþviTU/ GñkyuT§saRsþ subrogation ])aeTskmµ/ kardak;CMnYs strategy yuT§saRsþ sub-sample KMrUtagrg stratification RsTab;nIykmµ subscribed capital mUlFn)ancuHeQµaH stratum RsTab;/ ~ mean mFümPaKénRsTab; subscribing to securities strike kUdkmµ briviskmµmUlb½Rt stringent twgruwg/ ~ measures viFankartwgruwg subscription kar Cav¼sMuCav/ ~ price éføCav strong market pSarxøaMg ¬TIpSarman subsectoral level kMritGnuvis½y GñkTijeRcIn¦ subsidiary adj. rg/ ~ account KNnIrg/ structural adjustment kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§/ ~ ledger esovePAFMrg ~ loan kMcIsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ subsidiary n. (company) buRtsm<½n§ structural adjustment facility (SAF) ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unCag 50°¦/ wholly ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ owned ~ saxa ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘un structure n. rcnasm<½n§/ ~ of banking TaMgGs;¦ institutions rcnasm<½n§sßab½nFnaKar subsidise v. pþl;]btßmÖFn/ CYybMeBjxat structured experience bTBiesaFn_man subsidy, subvention n. ]btßmÖFn/ 90
  • 99.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 R)ak;bMeBjxat karpþl;/ ~ and demand karpÁt;pÁg;nigtMrUvkar/ subsistence agriculture ksikmµCIvRBwtþi/ ~ curve ExSekagkarpÁt;pÁg; ksikmµRKan;EtmYyrs; support v. & n. 1> KaMRT/ RTRTg;/ ~ subsistence production plitkmµCIvRBwtþi/ service esvakmµKaMRT 2> kar KaMRT¼RTRTg; karplitRKan;EtmYyrs; supporting document ÉksarGm substance sarFatu ¬rdæ)al¦/ skçIb½Rt ¬KNenyü¦ substandard eRkamsþg;dar Supreme Council of the Magistracy substantial adj. dMukMPYn/ ~ funding ]tþmRkumRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm karpþl;fvikaCadMukMPYn surcharge éføykbEnßm/ Bn§ykbEnßmelI subtotal srubrg TMnijnaMcUl ¬edIm,ICYyCMrujplitkmµkñúgRsuk¦ succeeding stage dMNak;kalCabnþ surety n. 1> GñkFana 2> rbs;Fana successor Gñkbnþevn surplus Gtierk/ pl elIs¼elIstMrUvkar sue v. bþwg surtax Bn§bEnßm sum 1> TwkR)ak; 2> plbUk survey n. & v. Gegát/ ~ area tMbn;Gegát/ summit snñisITkMBUl ~ data Tinñn½yGegát/ ~ error el¥ógGegát/ sundry account KNnIcMruH ~ operation RbtibtþikarGegát/ general ~ supervise v. Binitütamdan GegátTUeTA supervision karBinitütamdan/ GaNaBüa)al/ survivability PaBGacrs;)an/ financial ~ under financial ~ of the Ministry of PaBGacrs;)anxaghirBaØvtßú Economy and Finance eRkamGaNaBüa)al survivor CnenArs; hirBaØvtßúénRksYgesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú suspend v. BüÜr/ p¥ak supervisor GnurkS/ GñkBinitütamdan suspense account KNnIrg;caM ¬kt;RtaCa supervisory authority GaCJaFrGaNaBüa)al beNþaHGasnñnUvTwkR)ak;EdlKNenyükrmin supplementary crop dMNaMrYmpSM Tan;dwgfa RtUvkt;cUlKNnIc,as;las;NamYy¦ supplemental budget fvika]bsm<½n§ suspension kar BüÜr¼p¥ak ¬RbtibtþikarhirBaØvtßúénGgÁPaBrdæEdlmanlkçN³ sustain v. RTRTg;/ self- ~ing sV½yRTRTg;/ ]sSahkmµ nigBaNiC¢kmµ EtBMuEmnCanItibuKÁl¦ ~ life RTRTg;CIvit supplementary bEnßm/ ~ schedule sustainability cIrPaB tarag¼Éksar B½t’manbEnßm sustainable adj. mancIrPaB/ ~ agriculture supplier GñkpÁt;pÁg; ksikmµmancIrPaB/ ~ development supply 1> sMPar³pÁt;pÁg; 2> karpÁt;pÁg;/ karGPivDÆn_mancIrPaB 91
  • 100.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 sympathy n. smancitþ ¬CYyKaMRT>>>¦ tangible assets RTBüskmµrUbI/ RTBürUbI symptom eraKsBaØ/ nimitþehtu target cMNucedA/ eKaledA/ Epnkar/ sales synchronisation smkalkmµ targets Epnkarlk; ¬tYelx¦ ~ group synergy famBlelIs)anBIkarpÁúMKña RkumeKaledA/ ~ market TIpSareKaledA ¬]> karbBa©ÚlFnFanrksuICamYyKña edIm,I)an tariff 1> bBa¢Iéfølk; 2> taragBn§Ky/ Bn§naMcUl cMeNjeRcInCagenAedayELk²BIKña¦ task Parkic©/ ~ -oriented epþatelIParkic©/ synthetic products plitplsMeyaK ~ force Rkumkargar system of proportional representation taste cMNUlcitþ RbB½n§smamaRt ¬e)aHeqñat¦ tax Bn§/ Bn§dar/ back ~ bMNulBn§BIqñaMmun²/ systematic CaRbB½n§/ CayfaRkm/ ~ factor emergency ~ Bn§visamBaØ/ ~ accounting ktþaCaRbB½n§/ ~ land registration karcuHbBa¢I KNenyüBn§dar/ ~ avoidance karecosvagBn§ dIFøICaRbB½n§/ ~-risk phenomenon )atuPUt ¬edayc,ab;mancenøaHRbehag¦/ ~ assessor eRKaHfñak;manlkçN³CaRbB½n§/ ~ sampling Pñak;garkMNt;Bn§/ ~ base mUldæanykBn§/ karykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§ ~ burden bnÞúkBn§/ ~ collection karRbmUlBn§/ systematise RbB½n§nIykmµ ~ credit NTanBn§/ ~ collector GñkRbmUl Bn§/ ~ evasion kareKcBn§ ¬elµIsc,ab;nigRtUv maneTasT½NЦ/ ~ exempt EdlelIkElgBn§/ T, t ~ exemption karelIkElgBn§/ ~ holiday ry³eBlrYcBn§/ vismBn§/ ~ loophole cenøaH table tarag RbehagénBn§/ ~ moments »kashUtBn§/ ~ on tabulation karelIkCatarag profit Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNj/ ~ payment year take into account ykmkKit/ rab;bBa©Úl qñaMbg;Bn§/ ~ rate GRtaBn§/ ~ rebate karbnßy take stock v. eFVIsareBIP½NÐ Bn§/ ~ receipts/revenues cMNUlBn§/ ~ relief take up references v. RbmUlBt’man karbn§ÚrbnßyBn§/ ~ reduction karkat;bnßyBn§/ take v. legal action against bþwgtam ~ revenues efforts or ~ effort kMlaMgcMNUl pøÚvtulakarcMeBaH/ GnuvtþviFanc,ab;cMeBaH Bn§dar/ ~ treatment cMNat;kar¼RbRBwtþikmµ Bn§/ take-home pay R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§/ ~/taxation year qñaMCab;Bn§ ebovtSr_suT§ tax v. hUtBn§/ ykBn§ takeover karcUlRtYtRta ¬edayTijykCag taxable adj. 1> Cab;Bn§/ ~ income cMNUl 50°énPaKh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘un¦/ take over v. Cab;Bn§ 2> EdlGachUtBn§)an takings n. R)ak;TTYl)an ¬BIkarlk;kñúg taxpayer GñkCab;Bn§ ry³eBlNamYy¦ technical assistance CMnYybec©keTs 92
  • 101.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 technical fix dMeNaHRsay¼Rckecj ¬GaCIvkmµ¦ bec©keTs terms lkçxNÐ/ easy ~ lkçxNÐFUrRsal/ telegraphic address GasydæanTUrKmn_ ~ and conditions of a contract xøwmsar telegraphic transfer karepÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_ niglkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ ~ of a contract telex TUrBum< lkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ ~ of payment lkçxNÐ teller ebLakr TUTat;/ ~ of reference lkçxNÐeyag ¬sMrab; temporary beNþaHGasnñ/ ~ cover b½NÑFana epÞógpÞat;¦/ lkçxNÐkargar ¬kic©snüakargar¦/ r:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ/ ~ unemployment ~ of sale lkçxNÐlk; nikmµkalik territorial integrity bUrNPaBEdndI tenancy n. 1> ry³eBlCYl ¬GclnRTBü¦ tertiary education ]tþmsikSa 2> siT§ikan;kab; ¬GclnRTBüCYl¦ test n. & v. 1> etsþ 2> eFVIetsþ tenant GñkCYl ¬dI/pÞH>>>¦/ Ptik³/ ~ farmer test the market v. sÞabsÞg;TIpSar ksikrCYldIeK testament mrtksasn_ tendency ninñakar/ rising ~ ninñakarekIneLIg testimonial sMbuRtKaMRT ¬eGaycUleFVIkar¦ tender karedjéfø ¬edIm,IeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;¦ textile vaynPNÐ/ ~ industry ]sShkmµ tender terms and conditions book vaynPNÐ esovePAbnÞúk ¬sMrab;edjéfø¦ theory RTwsþI tenderer Gñkedjéfø think-tank Rkumpþl;KMnit tendering karedjéfø ¬edaymandak;Éksar third party PaKITIbI/ ttiyCn tMél):an;sµanlMGit¦ threshold n. kMritcab;ERbRbYl/ kaMQancUl tenure 1> ry³eBlkan;kab;tMENg/ GaNtþi thrift plan EpnkarsnSMsMéc 2> siT§ikan;kab;tMENg¼RTBüsm,tþi tied aid CMnYymancMNg 3> karkan;kab; ¬dI/ pÞH¦ time eBl/ kal/ kalkMNt;/ ~ deposit tenurial right siT§ikan;kab; ¬dI/ pÞH¦ R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt;/ ~ dimension term GaNtþi/ry³eBl/ long ~ ry³eBlEvg/ TidæPaBxageBlevla/ ~ draft rUbiyaNtþi TIXkal/ medium ~ ry³eBlmFüm/ short mankalkMNt;/ ~ frame Rkbx½NÐeBlevla/ ~ ry³eBlxøI/ GcIrkal/~ in/of officeGaNtþi ~ limit for delivery kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij/ term-deposit account KNnIbeBaØIman ~ policy b½NÑsnüaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt;/ kalkMNt; ~ segment kMNat;eBl/ ~ table tarageBl/ terminal contract kic©snüamankalkMNt; ~ value tMéltameBl/ ~ work kargarKit termination karbBa©b; ¬kargar¦/ karbBaÄb; em:ag ¬TUTat;kMértamcMnYnem:ag/ éf¶¦ 93
  • 102.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 timely return (of a cheque...) traditional CaRbéBNI/ ~ savings R)ak; bgVilvijTan;eBl snSMtamTMlab;/ ~ way of life rebobrs;enA tip TwkEt ¬R)ak;[eRkA¦ CaRbéBNI title 1> cMNgeCIg 2> gar traffic cracr/ ~ order sNþab;Fñab;cracr title deed b½NÑkmµsiT§i trainee or intern (US) kmµsikSakarI/ title, land b½NÑkmµsiTi§dI Gñkhat;kar toll éføeRbIesva ¬]> eRbIpøÚv/ s<an ¦ training karbNþúHbNþal/ on-the-job ~ tool ]bkrN_/ Rbdab;Rbdar karbNþúHbNþalP¢ab;nwgkargar/ off-the-job ~ top-down paradigm KMrUBIelImkeRkam karbNþúHbNþaldac;BIkargar ¬]> enAmhaviTüal½y¦ total n. & v. srub/ grand ~ srubrYm/ transaction Rbtibtþikar/ kic©karCMnYj subtotal srubrg transfer v. & n. 1> epÞr 2> karepÞr/ bEgVr/ track record n. RbvtþieCaKC½y-braC½y karepÞrR)ak;/ Gnub,Tan (French: cession), tracking kartamdanemIl ~ deed lixitepÞr/ ~ payments R)ak;epÞrTUTat; trade BaNiC¢kmµ/ CMnYj/ GaCIB/ ~ agreement ~ pricing kardak;éføedIm,IepÞrR)ak; kic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ balance CBa¢IgBaNiC¢ transferable adj. GacepÞr)an/ ~ credit kmµ/ ~ barriersr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ deficit NTanGacepÞr)an »nPaBBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ discount/terms karcuH transferee n. Gnub,Tanik/ GñkRtUv)aneK éføkñúgGaCIB ¬eGayGñkRbkbrbrdUcKña¦/ ~ name epÞreGay eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ/ yIeha/ ~ reference TIsMGag transferor n. GñkepÞr ¬[eK¦ bBa¢ak;xagGaCIB/ ~ representation tMNag transformation (products...) karbMEbøg BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ tariff taragBn§Ky tranship or transship v. epÞrBIyan trade v. pøas;bþÚrBaNiC¢kmµ/ eFVICMnYj mYyeTAyanþmYyeTot ¬edIm,Idwkbnþ¦/ trademark sBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ transhipment n. karepÞr trade-off karedaHdUr ¬TMnij¦Kña transit qøgkat;/ ~ account KNnIqøgkat;/ trader QµÜj/ GñkCMnYj/ BaNiC¢kr ~ goods TMnijqøgkat;/ ~ passenger GñkdMeNIr trade union shCIB qøgkat;/ ~ licence GaCJab½NÑsMrab;TMnijqøgkat; trading karCYjdUr/ kareFVIBaNiC¢kmµ/ transitional adj. Gnþrkal/ ~ economy ~ partner édKUBaNiC¢kmµ esdækic©Gnþrkal/ ~ measures viFankar trading capital TunbgVil Gnþrkal/ ~ period ry³eBlGnþrkal trading losses kMhateFVIGaCIvkmµ ¬eBl transmission karbBa¢Ún ¬sar¦ R)ak;cMNUl)anticCagR)ak;cMNayecj¦ transnational corporation (TNC) Rkumh‘unrMlgCati 94
  • 103.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 transparency n. tMlaPaB RKb;RKgkarkS½yFnEdlEtgtaMgedaytulakar¦ transporter GñkdwkCBa¢Ún trustee ordinance bTbBa¢a RbtisiT§iCn trauma n. rbYs ¬pøÚvkay rW pøÚvcitþ¦ ¼Gñksñgkar travel agency TIPñak;gareTscrN_/ TIPñak;gar trusteeship PaBTTYlxusRtUv Kmnakar trusteeship council traveller’s cheque mUlb,Tanb½RteTscrN_ RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiT§iCn traveller’s letter of credit sarNTan trustworthy EdlKYreGayTukcitþ eTscrN_ T account KNnIRbePTGkSr T travelling salesman Gñklk;cl½t tuition class karsikSabg;éfø treasurer n. hirBaØik/ rtnakr turning point cMNucbt; ¬eBlEdlman treasury rtnaKar/ ~ bill b½NÑrtnaKar karpøas;bþÚr¦ ¬ry³kalxøICagmYyqñaM¦/ ~ bond b½NÑrtnaKar turnkey contract kic©snüaesakñúgéd ¬ry³kalEvg¦ turnover plrbr/ plGaCIvkmµ/ R)ak;cMNUl treatment n. RbRBwtþikmµ/ cMNat;kar/ karcat;Ecg turnover rates of labour GRtaecjcUl treaty sn§isBaØa énBlkr treble v. ekInmYyCabI two-track approach viFIedaHRsayBIrpøÚv trend ninñakar/ market ~ ninñakarTIpSar two-way eTVTis/ BIrpøÚv trial balance taragtulüPaB typical CatYy:ag trickle-down effect plb:HBal;snSwm²/ plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM trillion, one (US) mYylanlan U, u tripartite adj. RtIPaKI trust fund mUlniFimrtk ¬mUlniFiRKb;RKg ultimate area unit (UAU) edayRbtisiT§iCnsMrab;GtßKahk¦ ÉktatMbn;cugeRkay trust fund facility (TFF) ultimate goal eKaledAcugeRkay ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk ultimate sampling unit (USU) trust letter lixiteCOTukcitþ ÉktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay trustee (one to whom a right has been ultimatum n. »sanvaT assigned by will, gift... French: ayant unaccountable adj. 1>minGacBnül;)an cause) RbtisiT§iCn 2> KµanKNenyüPaB/ minTTYlxusRtUv trustee in bankruptcy shbdiPaK ¬Gñk unaccounted for adj. )at;edayKµankarBnül; 95
  • 104.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 unaided edaykMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn undermentioned manerobrab;dUcxageRkam unaltered Edltpøas;bþÚr underproduction 1> karplitminRKb;tMrUvkar unanswered EdlKµancMelIy 2> karplitmineBjkMlaMg unascertained goods TMnijRcbUkRcbl; underrate v. vaybenßak ¬minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT¦ undersell v. 1> lk;efakCag ¬KURbECg¦ unavailing efforts karRbwgERbgKµan)anpl 2> lk;eRkamtMél ¬edIm¦ unbalanced budget fvikaKµantulüPaB undersigned, the GñkcuHhtßelxa ¬man»nPaB¦ ¬BIeRkam¦/ htßelxI unbanked cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtminTan; understanding karyl;dwg/ karyl;Kña dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar eTAvijeTAmk/ snÞidæPaB/ good ~ karyl;dwg unbiased tlMeGog l¥/ memorandum of ~ GnusSarN³RBmeRBog uncalled capitalmUlFnminTan;ehA ¬[bg;¦ underwrite v. 1> CYyFana 2> CYyr:ab;rg uncashed cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtminTan; underwriter GñkFana ebIkykR)ak; undisclosed income cMNUltRbkas/ unclaimed EdlBMuRtUv)anTamTar cMNUllYclak; uncleared goods TMnijminTan;qøgKy undivided profits R)ak;cMeNjminEbgEck uncontrollable expenses cMNayRKb; undoubted edaytsgS½y RKgmin)an unearmarked fund mUlniFiKµanélTuk uncrossed/open cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt edayELk KµanqUt unearned fees kMérminTan;rk)an undated KµancuHéf¶Ex/ ~ bond b½NÑTTYl unemployed adj. & n. 1> Gt;kareFVI sÁal;bMNulKµankalkMNt; 2> GñkGt;kareFVI/ nikmµCn undercoverage (insurance) karFana unemployment PaBGt;kareFVI/ nikmµPaB/ r:ab;rgdNþþb;minsBV seasonal ~ nikmµPaBtamrdUv/ temporary ~ undercut v. lk;efakCag nikmµkalik/ ~ benefit R)ak;]btßmÖcMeBaH underdeveloped countries nikmµPaB/ ~ rate GRtanikmµPaB RbeTsGn;fy/ RbeTsGnaPivDÆn_ unendorsed EdlKµanbBa¢ak;xagxñg underemployed 1> KµankargareFVIeBj unequal wealth distribution elj/ ~ capital TuneRbImin)aneBjelj r)ayvismFn 2> GñkKµankargareFVIeBjelj unexpected fall karFøak;cuHtrMBwgTuk underlease (see sublease) CYlbnþ unexpended balance smtulüminTan;cMNay undermanager bNÑaFikarrg unexpired cost (accounting) 96
  • 105.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü unproductive assets RTBüskmµKµan unfair KµansmFm’/ minyutþiFm’ plitPaB unfavourable minGMeNaypl/ unqualified acceptance karTTYlRBm ~ conditions lkçxNÐminGMeNaypl edaytsMéc unfilled order b½NÑbBa¢aTijmin)anGnuvtþ unquestionable KµanGVIKYrq¶l; unfit for work EdleFVIkarminekIt unrecorded adj. min)ankt;Rta unforeseen adj. min)anRbemIleXIj/ unregistered Edlmin)ancuHbBa¢I tRBagTuk ¬cMNay¦ unremunerative adj. Kµan)anpl/ unfounded adj. KµanmUldæan KµancMeNj unification n. karbRgYbbRgYm/ ÉkPavUbnIykmµ unrestricted random sample unified rYmEtmYy/ ~ as one rYmKñaCaFøúgmYy KMrUtagécdnüKµankMNt; uniformity lkçN³ÉkPaB unsafe adj. KµansuvtßiPaB unify v. bRgYbbRgYm unserviceable adj. minGaceRbIR)as;)an unilateral ÉketaPaKI unsettled adj. minnwgn ¬FatuGakas¦/ min unincorporated mincUlCaRkumh‘un Tan;edaHRsay ¬vivaT¦/ minTan;sg ¬bMNul¦ unintentionally edayGectna unskilled adj. KµanCMnaj/ ~ labour unionisation karcUlshCIB BlkmµKµanCMnaj unit 1> Ékta/ ~ of analysis ÉktaviPaK/ unstable adj. KµansßirPaB ~ of account ÉktaKit/ ~ price/rate unstratified sampling karykKMrUtag éføÉkta 2> GgÁPaB KµanRsTab; united rYbrYmKña unsuccessful adj. min)aneCaKC½y unknown (factor, quantity...) GBaØat unsuitable adj. minsmRsb unlawful elµIsc,ab;/ ~ means meFüa)ay untied aid CMnYytcMNg elµIsc,ab; up and down eLIgehIycuH unlimited liability karTTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit up to date (information) adj. Tan;eBl unloading karerITMnij update v. eFVIbc©úb,nñPaB ¬kñúgÉksarxøH unmarketable, unmerchantable eFVIcrnþkar¦ Edllk; minecj¼mindac; upgrade v. tMelIg smtßPaB¼KuNPaB/ unpaid (cheque) ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦minTUTat; eFVI[RbesIr unpaid balance smtulüminTan;TUTat; upheaval karvwkvr/ claclxøaMg unpaid capital TunminTan;)anbg; upkeep (expenses) cMNayEfTaM 97
  • 106.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 upper credit tranche PaKNTanxagelI valuables n. vtßúmantMél upward tendency ninñakareLIg valuation ekaslvic½y/ karkMNt;tMél urbanisation nKrUbnIykmµ/ Ministry of value added (VA) tMélbEnßm Land Management, Urbanisation and value added tax (VAT) GakrelItMél Construction RksYgerobcMEdndI bEnßm ¬Gtb¦ nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; value date éf¶KitkarR)ak; urgent bnÞan;/ ~ needs tMrUvkarbnÞan; value n. & v. 1> tMél 2> vaytMél useful life (accounting) GayukaleRbI value, declared tMél)an Rbkas¼ R)as; ¬énRTBüskmµ¦ raykarN_¼RbtievTn_ variable n. & adj. 1> Gefr 2> ERbRbYl user costs bnÞúkcMNaycMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as; variance (statistics) v:arIy:g; ¬kñúgkareRbIR)as;GVImYy dUcCa fñl;>>>¦ variation bMErbMrYl/ karERbRbYl usual supplier m:UypÁt;pÁg;CaRbcaM vault cash sac;R)ak;kñúgXøaMg usurer RBwT§ikr ¬GñkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ vehicle yan/ motor ~ yanynþ usury RBwT§ikmµ ¬karykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ velocity of circulation el,Ón ¬én¦ utensil Rbdab;RbdareRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH ¬BiesskñúgpÞH)ay¦ cracr velocity of money el,ÓncracrrUbiyvtßú utilities karpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ vendee GñkTij utility company Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ vendor Gñklk; ¬Rkumh‘un Twk ePøIg esvakmµsMxan;² sMrab; verbal (widely used in error for “oral”) saFarN³Cn¦ pÞal;mat;/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBog pÞal;mat;/ ~ warning karRBmanpÞal;mat; verbally (used in error for “orally”) V, v edaypÞal;mat; vertical bBaÄr/ ~ programme kmµviFIbBaÄr vacancy kEnøg¬eFIVkar¦TMenr ~ communication karR)aRs½yTak;Tgtam vaccine fñaMbgáar validate v. pþl;suBlPaB/ bBa¢ak;faBit ExSbBaÄr/ ~ integration smahrNkmµbBaÄr validity suBlPaB/ PaBmantMél/ ry³kal ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ vested interest plRbeyaCn_cak;b£s mantMél veteran (soldier) GtItyuT§Cn valorem (see ad valorem) viability PaBGacrs;)an valuable goods TMnijmantMél vibration rMj½r 98
  • 107.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 vicious circle n. GnÞak;vilvg; ¬Gt;Rckecj¦ voucher sMeNA/ b½NÑtMNagR)ak;/ b½NÑcMnay vicious cycle n. GnÞak;Cavdþ vulnerability PaBgayrgeRKaH video vIedGU video CD suIDI vIedGU view TsSn³/ karyl;eXIj W, w village development committee (VDC) KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi wage ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMér/ R)ak;QñÜl/ ~ rise violate v. rMelaP ¬c,ab;>>>¦ (US: raise) eLIgebovtSr_/ ~ and price violence higSa/ GMeBIhigSa controls karRtYtBinitüebovtSr_nigéfø/ ~ virtue KuNFm’ earner GñkeFVIkarykebovtSr_/ Ptikar/ ~ visible adj. ¬Gac¦emIleXIj/ ~ trade freeze karbgákebovtSr_ ¬mineGaycuHeLIg¦/ BaNiC¢kmµrUbI ~ indexation kardak;snÞsSn_ebovtSr_ vision ckçúvis½y ¬pSarP¢ab;nwgGRtakMeNIncMNayRTRTg;CIvPaB¦/ visual control karRtYtBinitüedayeRbIEPñk ~ scale taragkaMebovtSr_/ ~ work vocation ]bnisS½y/ to have a ~ for kargarsuIR)ak;kMér man]bnisS½ykñúgkar>>> waive v. lHbg;siT§i ¬]> edIm,IeFVIkartva:¦/ vocational training karbNþúHbNþal ~ tax eGayrYcBn§ viC¢aCIIv³/ ~ center mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþal waiver n. 1> karlHbg;siT§i/ karelIkElg viC¢aCIv³¼]bnisS½y 2> Éksar lHbg;siT§i¼elIkElg void adj. emaX³/ null and ~ emaX³ warehouse XøaMg/ PNÐaKar volume of exports (or imports) warehouseman qµaMXøaMg brimaNTMnijnaMecj ¬rWnaMcUl¦ warehousing karTukdak;TMnijkñúgXøaMg voluntary adj. edaysµ½RKcitþ/ ~ restriction/ warning karRBman/ kardas;etOn limitation kardak;kMrit¼kMhit edaysµ½RKcitþ warrant 1> dIka 2> b½NÑGnuBaØat/ ~ of vote kare)aHeqñat/ ~ of confidence kar attorney lixitepÞrsiT§i e)aHeqñatTukcitþ/ kare)aHeqñatsMEdgkarTukcitþ warrantee GñkTTYl)ankarFana vote-counting station warrantor GñkFana kariyal½yrab;snøwkeqñat warranty karFana voter registration station kariyal½y war-risk insurance karFanar:ab;rg cuHeQµaHGñke)aHeqñat haniP½ybgáedays®gÁam voting right siT§ie)aHeqñat wastage karx¢Hx¢ay 99
  • 108.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 waste kaksMNl;/ liquid ~ kaksMNl;rav/ work kargar/ GVIEdleFVI)an/ sñaéd/ ~ in solid ~ kaksMNl;rwg progress (WIP) kMBugplit ¬RTBükMBug watershed TICMral plit KWtMéleFVI)anenAcugRKa¦ waterways pøÚvTwk work out v. KNna weak market pSarexSay ¬minsUvmanGñkTij¦ work v. eFVIkar/ ~ full time eFVIkareBj wear and tear karswkric em:ag/ ~ overtime eFVIkarem:agbEnßm/ weighted average mFümPaKsmta ~ part time eFVIkarmineBjem:ag welfare state rdæmanKitKUreRcInxagsgÁmkic©/ work, art sñaédsil,³ suxevTn_RbeTs worker 1> Blkr 2> kmµkr well GNþÚg/ drilled ~ GNþÚgxYg/ ring ~ workforce kMlaMgBlkmµ ¬BlkrTMagGs; GNþÚgdak;lU kñúgkariyal½y rW eragcRk¦ wetlands dIesIm ¬dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenøI¦ working capital TunbgVil/ Tuncl½t white book esovePAs working condition lkçxNÐkargar white-collar worker nieyaCit/ buKÁlik working day éf¶eFVIkar kariyal½y working group Rkumkargar whole TaMgmUl/ TaMgGs; working paper ÉksarBiPakSa wholesale karlk;dMu/ ~ price éfølk;dMu/ ¬r)aykarN_sikSaRsavRCavBIerOgGVImYy¦ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµlk;dMu workman kmµkr wholesaler Gñklk;dMu work-related illness CMgWbNþalBIkargar wildlife stVéRB/ ~ sanctuary EdnCMrkstVéRB workshop 1> eragCag/ 2> sikçasala/ will 1> qnÞ³ 2> mrtksasn_ vKÁGnuvtþ wilful damage karxUcxatbgáeLIgeday writ dIkabgÁab; ¬tulakar¦ ectna write down v. kt;RtabBaú©HtMélRTBüskmµ windfall profit cMeNjPøam²trMBwgTuk ¬kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦ winding up 1> karrMlay ¬Rkumh‘un¦ write v. off a debt lubbMNul ¬ecjBIbBa¢I¦ 2> karCMrHbBa¢I write-back (of provisions...) winner GñkQñH/ C½ylaPI karykvijnUv ¬sMviFanFn>>> kñúgKNenyü¦ withdraw v. dk/ dkxøÜn/ ~ an order lubecal written, in writing CalaylkçN_GkSr karbBa¢aTij/ ~ money dkR)ak; ¬BIKNnI¦ withholding tax Bn§kat;Tuk/ ~ payable Bn§kat;TukRtUvbg; 100
  • 109.
    Economic Lexicon Part1 Y, y yardstick xñat year (fiscal, financial...) qñaM/ kariybriecäT ¬sareBIBn§/ hirBaØvtßú>>>¦ year on year qñaMelIqñaM/ BImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM/ ~ change bMErbMrYlqñaMelIqñaM ¬bMErbMrYleFob nwgeBldUcKñaénqñaMmun¦ yield Tinñpl young people RbCaCnv½yekµg/ RsTab;yuvv½y Z, z zero population growth (ZPG) kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUnü zone tMbn;/ hSÚn/ core ~ tMbn;sñÚl/ buffer ~ tMbn;RTnab;/ inter ~ GnþrtMbn; zoning karEbgEcktMbn; 101