การจัดการผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมจากอุตสาหกรรมปิโตรเลียม
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การจัดการผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมจากอุตสาหกรรมปิโตรเลียม
- 2. the three sectors of petroleum value chain upstream midstream downstream • exploration • appraisal • development • production • abandonment transportation of raw commodity (usually pipeline or ship) • refining and processing • transportation of products • retail sales of products petroleum resources consumer products
- 4. seismic survey • high intensity sound discharges • physical presence of the vessel • waste discharges • ballast water discharges • hydrocarbon or chemical spills
- 5. seismic survey • high intensity sound discharges • physical presence of the vessel • waste discharges • ballast water discharges • hydrocarbon or chemical spills exploration drilling • noise emissions • physical presence of the drill rig • light emissions • drilling waste discharges • turbidity • burial or smothering effect • toxicity • bio-accumulation
- 6. seismic survey • high intensity sound discharges • physical presence of the vessel • waste discharges • ballast water discharges • hydrocarbon or chemical spills exploration drilling • noise emissions • physical presence of the drill rig • light emissions • drilling waste discharges • turbidity • burial or smothering effect • toxicity • bio-accumulation field development • offshore facility construction • noise • location disturbance • pipe laying • longterm smothering and barrier effects • pipeline corrosion
- 7. seismic survey • high intensity sound discharges • physical presence of the vessel • waste discharges • ballast water discharges • hydrocarbon or chemical spills exploration drilling • noise emissions • physical presence of the drill rig • light emissions • drilling waste discharges • turbidity • burial or smothering effect • toxicity • bio-accumulation field development • offshore facility construction • noise • location disturbance • pipe laying • longterm smothering and barrier effects • pipeline corrosion operation/production • physical presence of the platform • physical artificial reef habitat • light emissions • production operations • noise emissions • produced formation water disposal • other waste disposal • atmospheric emissions • subsidence • hydrocarbon or chemical spills
- 8. seismic survey • high intensity sound discharges • physical presence of the vessel • waste discharges • ballast water discharges • hydrocarbon or chemical spills exploration drilling • noise emissions • physical presence of the drill rig • light emissions • drilling waste discharges • turbidity • burial or smothering effect • toxicity • bio-accumulation field development • offshore facility construction • noise • location disturbance • pipe laying • longterm smothering and barrier effects • pipeline corrosion operation/production • physical presence of the platform • physical artificial reef habitat • light emissions • production operations • noise emissions • produced formation water disposal • other waste disposal • atmospheric emissions • subsidence • hydrocarbon or chemical spills decommissioning • removal of structures • waste disposal • beneficial impacts and recycling
- 9. human, socio-economic and cultural impacts • land-use patterns • local population levels • local production levels • socio-economic systems • socio-cultural systems • availability of, and access to, goods and services • planning strategies • aesthetics • transportation
- 10. atmospheric impacts • flaring, venting and purging gases • combustion processes • fugitive gases • airborne particles • particulates
- 11. aquatic impacts • produced water • drilling fluids, cuttings and well treatment chemicals • process, wash and drainage water • sewerage, sanitary and domestic wastes • cooling water
- 12. terrestrial impacts • physical disturbance • contamination • indirect impact
- 14. potential emergencies • spillage • well blowout • explosions • fires • unplanned plant upset and shutdown events • natural disasters and their implications • war and sabotage
- 15. environmental protection policies and requirements
- 18. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure
- 19. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure environmental management
- 20. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure environmental management operational practices and procedures
- 21. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure environmental management operational practices and procedures environmental protection measures
- 22. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure
- 23. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure international and regional frameworks • Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention • Basel Convention • Convention of Migratory Species • Framework Convention on Climate Change • Biodiversity Convention • UN Law of the Sea • MARPOL • ASEAN framework(s)?
- 24. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure
- 25. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure national frameworks • common legislation • planning laws • environmental protection laws • environmental impact assessment • clean air and water laws • water catchment protection • marine pollution • standards for noise, radiation, chemical exposure • integrated pollution control • discharge and management of wastes • land contamination or land disturbance • permitted chemicals • safety and fire regulations • control of major hazards • storage and usage of chemicals • public and worker health and safety • national park or protected area laws • forest protection laws • protection of indigenous and cultural heritage • fishery protection, marine navigation and safety
- 26. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure
- 27. regulatory framework, institutional factors and infrastructure national frameworks • infrastructure needed for environmental protection • policy formulation and regulations • baseline environmental surveys • assessment and approvals • inspection, monitoring and enforcement • services • emergency responses • logistics and transportation • external supplies/services
- 29. environmental management • systematically integrates environmental issues into business decisions through use of formal management systems • integrates health, safety and environmental management into a single programme • considers all environmental components in decision-making at strategic and operational levels • prevents waste at its source through pollution prevention techniques and making maximum re-use of waste components, rather than installing expensive treatment for discharges • evaluates alternatives on a cost/benefit/risk basis that includes environmental values • aims at minimising resource inputs • innovates and strives for continual improvement
- 31. environmental management corporate management principles • define corporate strategies and environmental objectives • adopt health, safety environmental management system • pursue technical cooperation and capacity building • develop partnerships and communications • initiate prevention and cleaner production techniques • develop and maintain accident preparedness • ensure proper assessment, evaluation and planning of projects • training • review and audit
- 33. environmental management management systems • desk studies • aerial survey • seismic survey • exploratory drilling • appraisal • development and production • decommissioning and rehabilitation
- 35. environmental management • leadership and commitment • management commitment • policy and strategic objectives • organisation, resources and documentation • environmental training • evaluation and risk management • environmental impact assessment • risk evaluation and management • environmental plans, programmes and procedures • implementation and monitoring • audit and review
- 36. operational practices and procedures
- 37. operational practices and procedures operational considerations • footprint • pollution prevention • social/cultural interactions • waste • efficient use of resources • use of local resources • consultation and communication • risks and impacts • secondary and indirect impacts • infrastructure implications • training
- 39. environmental protection measures operational considerations • pollution prevention and cleaner production • water treatment and disposal techniques • oil spill contingency planning • decommissioning and rehabilitation • environmentally-sensitive areas
- 41. environmental protection measures technology considerations • atmospheric emissions • produced water • solid wastes • techniques
- 42. คำถาม???
- 43. References • National Oceans Office, “Chapter 4-impacts of petroleum in South East Regional Marine Plan: impacts on the natural system (2001) <https:// www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/ b885913d-e75d-4433-bc7e-0c763b376091/files/ impacts-petroleum.pdf> at 28 October 2015. • UNEP, Environmental management in oil and gas exploration and production: an overview of issues and management approaches (1997) <http:// www.ogp.org.uk/pubs/254.pdf> at 28 October 2015.