Animation Development And Computer Generated Imagery

Animation Development And Computer Generated Imagery
The entertainment and animations industry has been around for several decades, as early as the cave
arts era. Since then, this industry has dramatically changed and has introduced new ways to watch
animated films. Disney and Pixar are two huge competitors in the animation development and
computer generated imagery (GCI) industry. Computer generated imagery is the process of
computer graphics to create realistic images in films, TV and video games. GCI is used to refer to
either the two–dimensional or three–dimensional graphics used to create scenes and special effects
in films and TV. CGI takes a more realistic approach than traditional ways. The animations trend has
changed from traditional, where each frame is drawn by hand to a more ... Show more content on
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For example, The Simpsons, Family Guy and Ted are directed towards a mature audience.
Company Overview
Disney
For more than nine decades, The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is famous for
providing family entertainment. The company was established October 16, 1923 by Walt Disney and
Roy O. Disney. Disney is currently headquartered in Burbank, California with Bob Iger as the
president and chief executive officer. "The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries and
affiliates, is a leading diversified international family entertainment and media enterprise with five
business segments: media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and
interactive media (Disney, 2015)." While Disney was under the control of CEO, Micheal Eisner, it
was one of the first companies in its industry to experiment with animated feature films (Disney,
2015)." Disney is the world 's largest media corporation with assets including movies, television and
theme parks (Hoovers, 2015). Mickey Mouse is best known as the ruler of Disney, starting off as
comic strips to television cartoons to musicals. From a modest starting as a cartoon studio, Disney
continues to provide quality entertainment for every member of the family around the world.
Pixar
Pixar Animation Studios, commonly known as Pixar, is an American computer animation film
studio
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There is one scene in the movie which could have been...
There is one scene in the movie which could have been impossible to produce without computer
imagery. The scene involves Scar who wants to kill his royal relatives by trapping them under the
crowd of thousands running wildebeests.
'Occasionally, there's an effect that the directors want in a film that would be virtually impossible to
do with traditional animation techniques," explains CGI supervisor Scott Johnston. That's where
computer animation can sometimes make a difference. A stampede of thousands of wildebeests
would be too laborious to create by hand but animators working with computers can figure out what
the behaviour of the animal is and replicate it. We can also create all the camera angles that the
scene requires and match ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They came up with the idea a simulation, sort of following the leader. They created the leaders and
the followers so logically, the followers had to follow the leaders but at the same time avoiding each
other because they did not want the wildebeests to crash into each other. The next step was to match
them into the background. The CGI crew built the 3 dimensional grid stages which matched the
perspective and the look of the background which was going to be in the scene. Then they placed
one of the simulations on the grid and replaced the small magnets with the wildebeests running. The
different angles of the camera gave the audience the possibility to see the wildebeests running either
over the camera or under or even zoomed in the crowd.
In terms of color, the animators wanted the wildebeests to be slightly of different color so they gave
them random wild colors. It was made with the purpose that the director now could say what exactly
he liked or disliked and what he wanted to change in the particular wildebeest in the scene. When
they put this scene in the film for a draft version, the shades of grey were applied to match the black
and white film. And then in final color, they gave them each different coloring but within a very
limited range of shading: some of them became slightly lighter grey, some of them darker grey. All
in all, five CGI specialists spent over two years creating the incredible two

Cgi, Pre Production, Production And Postproduction Vfx And...
What is Behind VFX
CGI, Pre–production, Production and Postproduction VFX and special effects.
What is VFX ?
In film making, Visual Effects (abbreviated VFX) is the processes by which imagery is created
and/or manipulated outside the context of a live action shot.(What is Visual Effects– 2014)
What is Special effects?
An illusion created for films and television by the props, camerawork,computer graphics, etc. (What
is Special effects – 2014)
Visual effects and special effects are constantly mixed up in the cinematographic industry, not for
those who specialise but for the audience. 'Proper use of terminology would dictate that 'special
effects' refers to those which are produced on the set before the cameras, while 'visual ... Show more
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twenty, thirty special effects shots to films that have over 800 special effects shots in them and more
and more you know you're seeing not just rear the films are using the technology but they are using
them in huge ways. So live action films are becoming more and more computer generated"
(McClean 2007)
Does the narrative matter? of course it does, so why do we need the effects? the use of the effects
does not mean that the narrative of a film is weak, the effects just supports and makes the narrative
more effective, once you have a good story in your head seeing it on a screen makes a whole
different perspective and therefore the audience reacts depending on how they can see it and how
much they believe it. " Special effects are just a tool, a means of telling a story. People have a
tendency to confuse them as an end to themselves. A special effect without a story is a pretty boring
thing" (Schickel 1983)
An example of such would be the movie 'Life of Pi', a film that was created using visual effects and
special effects to the point of winning oscars for such, if we think about it, I would hardly believe
that if the film was filmed in a back garden or in a outdoor/indoor swimming pool with a small boat
and a man dressed up in a tiger costume would have been as successful as it was.
How movies would look

The Change In Pixar's 'Toy Story'
In 1995, a revolutionary motion picture hit the big screen changing cinematic history. It was
developed by Pixar and Disney who introduced us to the dynamic duo of a sheriff and a space
ranger. In Toy Story, Andy's family is preparing to move into a new home and the toys are preparing
for the change. Unknown to him or his parents, Andy's toys are actually alive. They communicate
and meet whenever humans are not present. The lead protagonist , a cowboy doll named Woody
(voiced by Tom Hanks), takes the toys on a mission to discover what new additions to the family are
among the heap of Andy's birthday presents. The multitudes of gifts surround an electronic Buzz
Lightyear action figure (voiced by Tim Allen). The extravagant toy becomes the ... Show more
For example, when the main theme song "You've Got a Friend in Me" is playing and the camera is
focusing on Andy and Woody playing together and smiling in many different settings. In contrast to
"Strange Things" and the scene where the appearance of Andy's room has changed, covered in a dim
blue shade and large stars mimicking outer space. This song shows Woody's confusion and fear, not
only regarding the change in his surroundings but also behavioral change in his friends and his self–
confidence. The audience seems to feel the same sadness Woody does when Buzz seemingly takes
over Andy's room. The movie was not made into a musical due to the simple fact that the characters'
personality does not fit singing. Also according to John Lasseter, the film's director, "Toy Story was
a buddy comedy, and inserting songs would feel inaccurate to the genre," (Spiegel). This promoted
the idea that not every animation needed to include singing from the protagonists in order to be
engaging. Toy Story effected the cinematic experience greatly which can be seen through its vast
success in the industry. It told a simple, yet effective story that appealed to all ages and through
impressive computer animation and thoughtful directing they were able to create something that
would be memorable for years to come. Its imagination and success inspired other motion pictures
which in turn created new filmic

Reflective Summary: Artifact Analysis
The computing innovation that is represented by my artifact is Computer Generated Imagery (CGI).
CGI's purpose is to use 3D computer graphics to add realistic special effects in films and other
forms of media. My artifact illustrates the effects of CGI by showing the process of turning the
facial data into animated images. My artifact also includes two bar graphs that show the positive
effects of CGI on the economy. To create my artifact I used Microsoft Word. I first selected a color
theme for my document. After that, I collected 4 photos that show the transformation of the data
from the beginning, to the end. Using "insert image" I added the images to my artifact and then I
rearranged them in a creative yet logical way. I also added an ... Show more content on
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As the fan base grows, this results in an increase in revenues and profits made from cinema films,
positively affecting the economy as well. CGI also has the potential to harm our economy. CGI
works by collecting digital data from facial movement of actors. But once the data is collected and
stored, it can be used repeatedly. With slight touch ups, using the digital designing software, the
actors small errors can be corrected. CGI can also be used to make large crowds of extras. This may
cause a job decline in the acting industry and in time, may negatively affect our economy. Another
harmful effect of CGI is on our society through the use of Photoshop to produce phony images.
Many famous individuals use Photoshop to touch up images and create unrealistic expectations for
average citizens, causing low self–esteem among many people. In an article I read online, it stated
that "15 percent of the 18 to 24 year olds surveyed in a 2000 people poll, believed that the models
who are used in mass communication, accurately depict what the human body looks like." . The
travel industry also uses Photoshop to remove the crowds from images of popular tourist locations
to appeal to those looking for a private getaway. Although this false advertising plays a huge role in
our society today, little is done to discourage

The Life Of Pi As A Spiritual And Uplifting Movie
The Life of Pi was a very spiritual and uplifting movie. The producers did a fantastic job finding the
correct cast and supporting actors. Suraj Sharma, the actor that plays Pi, did a terrific job both
drawing emotions out of the audience, and keeping the wild plot believable. Mr. Sharma was very
convincing as a young man trying to find god. The special effects and computer generated images
were breathtaking. The island scene was specifically done well. They really make the movie visually
interesting and are the glue that holds the movie together, for the simple fact, eighty percent of this
flick takes place on a life boat with a raft attached. The soundtrack was well constructed, with a
slow build up with dramatic crescendos. The score of this movie really places the viewer inside the
movie .Unfortunately, without the effects, soundtrack, and dramatic imagery, The Life of Pi would
be a very dry movie. One problem I had with The Life of Pi is the overuse of symbolism and
metaphors. It seemed as if everything director Ang Lee put into his film had to have three different
meanings, and at times, it muddied up the plot and was confusing. For example, the night scene in
which the fish were glowing underwater. Then a whale jumps out of the ocean nearly capsizing the
life boat. I assume that scene had a deeper meaning but, for the life of me I can't figure out its
purpose. The movie was clearly about religion, survival, and introspection on the human condition.
Pi is a very

Technological Evolution in the Film Industry Essay
As times are changing, knowledge and information are also changing. With that, the development of
motion picture complexity has changed the film industry by a continuing technological evolution. It
is evident that films have changed significantly over the last 100 years. The intricacy of filmmaking
technology has rapidly progressed, allowing creative potential for filmmakers. Films are often due
to technological advances, or even to reintroduce a classic story. Some examples of films that have
been remade include Scarface (1932), remade in 1983, and The Magnificent Seven (1960), remade
in 1998. King Kong (1933) is another example of a film that has been remade. The remake, King
Kong (2005), directed by Peter Jackson, shows technological ... Show more content on
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The stop motion animation sequences were filmed separately from the live action scenes with the
actors. These two parts were then combined to create the illusion that the ape was towering over the
actors. In the 2005 remake of the film, director Peter Jackson relied on Computer–Generated
Imagery (CGI) to animate Kong. This use of CGI gave the director greater artistic control of the
narrative. Many of the sets were computer–generated, as well as Kong himself. To combine both the
actors and the computer–generated images together, chroma keying was used. In the scene where
Ann Darrow is placed in the hand of Kong, the actress was filmed against a green screen, and held
by a large green hand. When this scene was merged with the digital Kong, a composite image shows
Kong holding her. Since chroma–keying technology did not exist in the 1930's, a full–sized, fur
covered hand had to be constructed to create the effect of Kong holding the actor. The difference
between the visual effects in both versions is significant, making is apparent that the remake has
displayed great technological advancement. These advancements also make the film more
believable, and emphasise the story.
Another aspect of the film that had a significant impact was colour. In the original version of King
Kong, the film was shot in black and white. Sometimes there can be implications with interpreting
the emotions in the film. Colour in film is a huge

Research Paper On 3d Visualization
What is 3D visualization? We usually define 3D visualization as 3D graphics, 3D rendering,
computer generated imagery (CGI), and other terms. They all mainly refer to the process by which
graphical matter is created by 3D software. It's a technology that has become a main trend over the
last few decades and has developed into one of the most suitable choice for producing high–quality
digital matter. Nonetheless, it is common to see some mistaken idea about the terminology. As
mentioned above, it's "the process by which graphical matter is created," it means which become to
visual content finally, like images and animations. It's differ from 3D design or 3D development
which generally refer to the production of digital matter, such as computer–aided design (CAD)
files, which are created by engineers or industrial designers and intended for manufacturing
purposes. 3D artists may use CAD for improve 3D visualizations, but the end results are dynamic
graphics that blend both technical skill and artistry. Who do this job? Usually 3D artists do 3D
visualization job. Like photography, 3D visualization is also an art that requires both artistic and
technical skill. 3D artists use software such as Autodesk 3ds Max, Maya, and Cinema 4D to create
outstanding visualizations that can be used in any field and bring benefits to human in real life. ...
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Many other industries can also benefit from these services–automotive, architectural, medical,
pharmaceutical, fashion, and others. If visual content in any capacity is required, 3D visualization
services may be the best choice. In the field of Architecture, Interior Design and Real estate the
creation of visual images is done by a team of Architects, Designers and Professional 3d Visual
Artists. Majority of architectural visualization use computer generated imaging systems through
three – dimensional computer modelling software and high end powerful

District 9 Comparison
To a certain extent it can be said that Tony Bloemkamp's District 9 is more evolved as a Science
Fiction (Sci–Fi) film than James Cameron's Avatar. But when framing this argument it's important to
consider that Sci–Fi films accommodate for vast amounts of variation and mutation. And although
these films contain a lot of similarities in terms of message and meaning the directors went about
conveying them in wildly different ways. When analysing the two films within the borders of
setting, dystopian society and the exploration of popular societal or cultural issues District 9's
excellence really shines through. Both District 9 and Avatar encapsulate their unique settings
brilliantly. The directors achieve this by using several imaginative and unique cinematographic
techniques. From District 9's seamless transitions between police footage, pan–views over Joburg's
skylines and depressing shots of the poverty–stricken slums to the succinct establishing and aerial
view shots used by James Cameron to bring form to Avatar's beautiful alien world of Pandora. In
this respect both films are almost flawless. But when it comes to realism, ... Show more content on
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In which all aspects of the universe – ranging from the office blocks to the slums – seem to feasibly
co–exist and operate. Tony Bloemkamp skilfully balances South African references with
international appeal and effectively establishes his new world. He manages to stay true to South
African culture despite the massive alterations the Aliens bring to the front. He does this by using
convincing news–broadcasts and juxtaposing well known South African imagery with the alien
presence. This is much more challenging than framing a computer generated universe that is not
even expected to have any ground in reality

Case Study On Pixar
Introduction
Pixar is a CGI (computer generated images) feature film movie and visual effects production
company based in Emeryville, California. Pixar is also the developer and producer of the industry
standard photorealistic 3D rendering software that makes computer generated animation possible.
The company was purchased by Disney in 2006 but operates as a separate entity.
Early History
According the to the company website, its origins go back as far as the 1970's. The company started
as a division of LucasFilm, when Ed Catmull was hired by George Lucas to develop computer
software for the film industry. Catmull had been in the business for many years as one of the
founders of Computer Graphic Lab with Alvy Ray Smith. These men are often ... Show more
Website IGN notes that: "Over the years, we've experienced a dissolution of the stigma once
attached to animation [...] Animation geared toward adults has been around for a long while – dating
back to '70s and '80s fare like Fritz the Cat, Heavy Metal and Ralph Bakshi's Wizards. Today, Adult
Swim provides us with pockets of ingenious alternative after hours comedy while franchise players
like The Simpsons, South Park and Family Guy continue to bring absurdist humour and parody to
the masses." The continued grown of this market segment will provide Disney Pixar an ever
increasing market into which they can position their feature film offerings. Rather than a challenge,
the proliferation of adult–targeted animation is a opportunity for Pixar.
Q 2: What results have come from creating a culture of creativity collaboration and teamwork at
Pixar?
By focusing on creativity, collaboration and teamwork, Pixar has been able to blend artistic,
technical, and business goals into a winning strategy. Creative problems are solved with technical
knowhow, which in turn is leveraged into a competitive business advantage. The push for innovation
has been seen across all

Cgi Pros And Cons
Are you ever amazed by the special effects movie makers have been able to come up with? What is
the standard? How much would be budgeted? Computer–Generated Imagery or CGI has not always
been where it is today. Ever wonder where it all began and how far it has taken us? I am sure we
have all watched a few older science fiction movies in our lifetimes, but one film that advanced past
the rest for its CGI at the time was TRON. As a young man watching this film, I fell in love with the
idea of being able to digitize oneself and disappear from reality as we all know it and enter into a
digital network of a mainframe computer. While not the CGI we have today, the graphics were far
better than good by 1982 standards and were set in an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were also a few instances where the crew was visible behind the scenes and even a few
wardrobe inconsistencies. Despite its minor flaws, the budget for the film was $17 million dollars,
which is pocket change compared to the 2010 version at $170 million dollars. Of course, the $17
million dollars of 1982 money would have been over $33 million dollars in 2010, which is still a far
cry from $170 million dollars. The characters, or gamers in the film race around on digital
motorcycles at breakneck speeds, hitch rides on ribbons of light, climb memory displays, interact
with the guardians of forbidden programs, and use what looks like a glowing Frisbee as a weapon to
disable corrupt programs. The ever–changing digital surroundings and fast action are sure to keep
you on the edge of your seats. These days, computer–generated imagery is normal in everything
from box office hits to almost any T.V. series, commercials, and even aiding the medical field in
training and even patient diagnosis and is changing the world with its realism and depth. However,
the movie Tron pioneered the use of CGI and any fan of 3D graphics should see this film if only to
see for themselves where it all

The Hybrid Animated Film: The Iron Giant
Animation has dramatically changed since the conception of Walt Disney's creations. Traditional
methods, while still used, have mostly given way to computer–based graphic software. These types
of computer–based programs allow for ambitious ideas to take shape earlier on during the concept
phase of production, allowing for the creative team to make dramatic changes during the inception
stages of production, saving time and money. The trend created by this software workflow, created
what is known as a "hybrid" animated film. The hybrid method utilized both traditional two
dimensional animation methods and computer generated imagery that seamlessly merge. The Iron
Giant, (Bird, 1998), was one of the first "hybrid" animated films. This directly influenced a trend
within the industry towards computer animation as a form of creative expression as opposed to a
tool to solve complex problems.
Prior to Warner Brothers creating The Iron Giant, feature animated films were made in a ... Show
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(Robertson, 1999) This process made the CG characters and objects virtually indistinguishable from
hand drawn animation. By utilizing this process The Iron Giant became one of the first hybrid
animated films, "The Iron Giant himself, the first title character in a 2D animated film to be created
with 3D computer graphics." (Robertson,

Space Adventure Films
The success of Space adventure films have grown tremendously in the last twenty years, mainly
because of all the advancements in computer generated images, and the advancements in the film
industry. "Space adventure films have excellent graphics and color schemes, including visual
effects, special effects, and being culturally, and historically significant." It's amazing how much the
film industry has grown in a short period of time, with the impact of imagined innovations in
science, technology, imaginary elements, and science fiction. There growth and advancements have
helped the film industry grow and maintain its fan base for many, many years. The success of the
computer impacted on the film entertainment industry is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(Boggs, Petrie, 2008) For them to create objects they first start with a blank screen and then they set
the scale of the computer to coordinate with the system for that element. The scale size usually is
anything from microns to light years across in size which are important and should be consistent
with all the elements in the project so the layers of lines are built up to the patches and that creates
the model that defines the shape of the object. (Boggs, Petrie, 2008) The modeler contains the power
of design; which the animator provides the illusion of life. The animator also uses tools to make
objects move which helps the animation process begin the same way, with a storyboard. A
storyboard is a series of still images that shows how the elements will move and interact with each
other. This process is important to the animator because it helps decide what movements need to be
assigned to objects in the animation. The animator must also have key points of movements for each
object in the scene. This helps the computer to produce motion for each object in a frame–by–frame
sequence. The final product when put together, gives the look of fluid movement which when the
modeler is formed, the animator provides motion. These designs and elements are nothing but empty
or hollow forms

Computer Graphics
Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and
manipulation of image data by a computer. The development of computer graphics has made
computers easier to interact with, and better for understanding and interpreting many types of data.
Developments in computer graphics have had a profound impact on many types of media and have
revolutionized animation, movies and the video game industry.
Overview
The term computer graphics has been used in a broad sense to describe "almost everything on
computers that is not text or sound". Typically, the term computer graphics refers to several different
things:
the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer
the various ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another example is that Sutherland's software modeled objects – not just a picture of objects. In
other words, with a model of a car, one could change the size of the tires without affecting the rest of
the car. It could stretch the body of the car without deforming the tires.
These early computer graphics were vector graphics, composed of thin lines whereas modern day
graphics are Raster based using pixels.
Further 1960s developments
Also in 1961 another student at MIT, Steve Russell, created the first video game, Spacewar. Written
for the DEC PDP–1, Spacewar was an instant success and copies started flowing to other PDP–1
owners and eventually even DEC got a copy. The engineers at DEC used it as a diagnostic program
on every new PDP–1 before shipping it. The sales force picked up on this quickly enough and when
installing new units, would run the world's first video game for their new customers.
E. E. Zajac, a scientist at Bell Telephone Laboratory (BTL), created a film called "Simulation of a
two–giro gravity attitude control system" in 1963.[5] In this computer generated film, Zajac showed
how the attitude of a satellite could be altered as it orbits the Earth. He created the animation on an
IBM 7090 mainframe computer. Also at BTL, Ken Knowlton, Frank Sindon and Michael Noll
started working in the computer graphics field. Sindon created a film called Force, Mass and Motion
illustrating Newton's laws of motion in

Designing A Computer Model Of A Human Body
If you are new to 3D, you may wonder what exactly the term rendering means. Rendering is the
process of developing a life–like image or animation from any 2D or 3D model with the help of
computer programs. The model generated holds three dimensional qualities such as shadows,
texture, lighting and viewpoint. Rendering can take a few minutes or even up to days for a single
image per frame.
In a 3D graphics context, rendering is a leading interactive media process and the last stage in the
pipeline. Rendering has been gradually improving in terms of the speed as computer has become
more rapid and the breakthrough from programmers. Rendering has been dated all the way back in
the 1960s, and American computer graphics director William Fetter was the first to create a
computer model of a human body.
William Fetter administers the progress development of a computer program as he was attempting to
come up with a new process which allowed him to widen the layout efficiency inside Boeing's
airplane cockpits. Fetter defines the process by calling it "computer graphics". It was one of Fetter's
partner, Ivan Sutherland who transformed things in motion in 1963. The graphical communication
system name Sketchpad enabled one to interactively create an image on the computer display for the
first time. This granted Fetter the ability to create the first ever three dimensional image of the
human body through computer graphics. It was called the "First Man" or also known as "Boeing
Man".

How Does Richard Matheson Use Cgi In Modern Disaster Films
The use of CGI (computer–generated imagery) has become a prevalent, although rather expensive
element implemented in modern films, especially of the disaster film genre. Audiences worldwide
are proving to be more difficult to amaze, and are not impressed so easily. Most moviegoers are
quick witted and even the slightest production error on screen can deter people from enjoying and
sometimes understanding the film. It is no secret that the general consensus in Hollywood is focused
to create the biggest, and most gruesome disaster situations on screen using special effects and CGI
in order to shock and awe their audiences. When studios act this way while producing a film, they
often ignore plot holes, and lack of substance in storylines in lieu ... Show more content on
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In both films, this universal attachment to the protagonist is established, but in The Last Man on
Earth Robert eventually is hunted down by the new society of "intelligient vampires" who had been
searching for him after he "destroyed" the vampires friends and family for his experiments in hope
to find a cure for the disease. "[Robert] is seen by these intelligent vampires as not only an
evolutionary throw–back but a serious threat as he indiscriminately destroys vampires both
monstrous and intelligent during his daylight rampages. As the monster who comes during one's
sleep, [Robert] is captured and condemned to public execution."(Moreman). This twist in plot,
creates a semi–original idea that holds true to the theme in the preceding novel, in a new society of
vampires, Robert has seen himself become a murderous human, the last of his kind. I Am Legend,
however ironic as it may seem because of the films shares the title with the novel, strays away from
this ending and instead, in this storyline, Robert finds a cure and in his final moments decides to
sacrifice himself for the rest of humanity as he knew it. Yet another Christ–like reference to further
instill the "legend" that Robert has left upon the new wave of society. The film I Am Legend
effectively encapsulated, and in some ways expanded, the attachment

Film Analysis Of A Short Film : Paperman
Animation is so important today as it is the only medium that can bring fantasies to life reasonably
easily while at the same time producing excessive entertainment. Animation all started to take off at
around 1935 – halfway through the great depression, where from there it all expanded greatly.
Paperman is an award–winning Disney 3D animation published in 2013 that is about a man who has
a very ordinary paperwork job and uses paper planes to try to get the attention of a woman he
admired. In the end, he gives up but all the paper planes he made come to life and set up continuous
events that make him come face to face with the woman. This report will critically analyse the
animated short film called Paperman and consider its purpose through describing the techniques
used.
Every film or animation has a target audience yet Paperman is unique and has a target audience of
all ages. This is because it includes no spoken dialogue, it includes unrealistic or fantasy events, it
includes humorous scenes yet at the same time it includes romance – which is suitable for older
people, furthermore it is just an all–round charming animation.
The tone of an animation can have a great effect on the audience and overall feeling of the film.
Walt Disney's Paperman film has a tone of humorous yet romantic at the same time. This is done by
the actions and emotions that the animated characters endorse such as the nervousness shown when
they both meet face to face.
One of the most important

CGI In The Jurassic World
A dinosaur, thrashing through the woods. A terrorizing cyborg, attempting to seal humanity's fate. A
friendly toy cowboy, coming to life. These are some of the unimaginable things that computer
generated imagery (CGI) has brought to life in film. CGI is constructing still or animated visual
content with picturing software (Rouse). It has many uses as well, and is a helpful tool in many
fields. CGI is used for visuals, advertising, anatomical modeling, architecture, special effects in
cinema, and video games (Rouse). CGI has played a significant role in film over the years. Before
CGI, special effects in cinema were simple. In "Pre–War Hollywood" or before World War II,
special effects included adding clouds to the sky, and ceilings to sets (Keil and Whissel 91). Many
different methods were also used to make the figures appear like they were moving, which CGI
replaced. A praxinoscope was one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One large difference in Jurassic World is that the dinosaurs are mostly CGI, with barely any use of
animatronics (Giardina). The difference can be seen by viewers, as the dinosaurs in Jurassic World
move very realistically. The structure of the dinosaurs in Jurassic World are also incredibly realistic.
The skin and muscles of the dinosaurs in Jurassic World are far more complex and technological
than in Jurassic World (Giardina). The Jurassic World special effects team made the dinosaurs
muscles fire and squeeze like a real–life animal would (Giardina). These simple–looking yet
effective improvements made in Jurassic World are perfect examples on how CGI has improved
over the years. The dinosaurs in Jurassic Park were the most unbelievable and realistic creations in
film history, and the 1990's film was way before its time. But after many years pass, Jurassic World
was able to improve the effects greatly through realistic movements and

Cgi Research Paper
From the space ships and lasers in Star Wars, to the toys that star in the movie, Toy Story, from the
video games you play to the latest installment of the Lord of the Rings film series, you have
encountered some form of Computer Generated Imagery, also known as CGI. Although some
graphics may look cheesy and unrealistic still, CGI has truly evolved over time as animators learned
how to create a realistic fantasy and submerge you into the film or game or whatever media you are
observing. CGI is an important factor in the magic of storytelling and bringing a story alive.
Computer Generated Imagery is an important aspect in film, from animation to live action films to
bring the viewer apart of the story. Computer Generated Imagery is the use of computer graphics as
a form of a medium or to create images in various forms of media such as video games, art, films,
TV and simulations. Computer Graphics started as just an idea that was way ahead of its time by
Ivan Sutherland, an American computer scientist. Sutherland showed a demonstration of the power
of computer graphics had for the first time on an interface called Sketchpad. With ... Show more
In 2004, the film, The Polar Express, cultivated the film industry by being the first computer–
animated 3D film to be done with motion capture. Motion Capture is when the movements of a
person or object is captured and projected through media such as video games, television, film or
even animation. Five years later, Avatar changed the face of CGI by being the first film to use
performance–capture and creating realistic 3D human characters and worlds through photos. CGI
can be used to produce just about almost anything, even the deceased! In the most recent installment
to the Fast and Furious series, Furious 7, motion capture was used for the first time to reincarnate
the late, Paul

3D Animation In Animation
3D animation is a virtual animation technique consisting of an animation in a digital world. 3D
animations are sophisticated creative pieces on which depend the mastery of multiple processes. The
illusion is shaped around the creation of a universe and characters both surprising and an almost
palpable reality. Behind the power of computers and software, the formidable human genius made it
possible to reach a dream: to give life to a technological matter rather abstract at the beginning, and
to set up stories without limitations for the imagination. That's why restricting the world of 3D to a
simplistic view would be an error. The advancement of digital image technologies has
revolutionized the entertainment and its sectors. Animation, video games, cinema, advertising... the
3D images invade our visual daily. For a few years now, the production of animated films has ...
3D models are genereally sculpted by an engineer or an artist with 3D modeling tools and digital
models from actual objects. Models can also be produced by physical simulation. Basically, a 3D
model is formed of points called vertices that define the shape and shape of polygons. A polygon is a
space formed by three vertices or more (a triangle). A polygon of n points is a n–gon. > Layout and
animation – placing and moving objects in a scene: Before rendering an image, objects must be
arranged in a scene. This defines the spatial relationships between objects and location and size.
Animation is the description of an object related to time (in other terms, how it behaves in space
over time). Popular surveys include key framing, reverse kinematics, and motion capture. These
techniques are often used in combination. As with animation, specific physical simulation also

The Amazing Spider Man Essay
Prosthetics is the work of sculpting, molding and which involves working closely with Make–up
artists. Prosthetics is often used in film, television and theatre. They try to attempt show difference
in age, shape, whole different species or some sort of wound. Prosthetic and makeup artists try to
achieve real and believable results. In these pictures from the movie .The Amazing Spider–man 2,
the movie used makeup and prosthetics instead of simply using CGI and making the actor look like
green goblin from it and instead went hands on. In picture 2 we can see prosthetics used to make the
green wound made in the actor's ( Dane Dehaan)neck and a scar is added from Dane's eyebrows
throughout to the middle of his cheek. Makeup is then used to create the colours used for the inside
of the wound and colour of a scar. Picture 1 was the original idea for green goblin. It insisted of
Dehaan wearing a green silicon mask up near the edge of his ... Show more content on
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The sense of style used for the character usually differs from where they are from, class, period they
lived in and especially the character's personalities. Costume designers make the actor's costumes
for the movies, theater ,plays and television. The pictures used in this is from the movie The
Amazing Spiderman 2, for the character green goblin playe by Dane Dehaan. Picture 1 shows Dane
trying on the costume that has been made for his character. Picture two shows this costume being
made on a model. Picture 3 shows the full model after it has being made and picture 4 is showing
how the fine details were made into making the costume. Since this character is certainly rich and
uses technology that 'normal' people would not have, he's costume is made so it appears futuristics
and every modernisted. Harry Osborn (green goblin)'s personality is known to us as greedy, jealous
and ambitious dark green was a perfect choice for his cotume colour. Dark green also represents

Advancement In Animation Essay
Advances in Animation and Their Effects on Modern Cinema Animation has been a huge
contributor to today's media when it comes to movies and televisions programing. For decades,
using a series of images to create the illusion of movement, has evolved into billion dollar industries
for entertainment. Animated movies are in a completely different league of their own and, no matter
how simple they may seem, require a sufficient amount of technique as well as technology. Even
live action movies use some form of animation in order to create worlds that could have never been
possible without technology. This form of entertainment has shaped standards when it comes to
what people expect to see in films in the 21st century. Animation, no ... Show more content on
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They both have their place in modern media, and they both have their own attributes. In order to
fully understand the magnitude of how much of a gap in popularity there is between these two
different techniques in animating there must be clear statistics that show proof how these movies fair
in the box offices. For instance, take a look at Disney's Princess and the Frog which was a
traditionally animated film. It had done well when it came to what movie critics had to say about it,
however, it failed in comparison to Pixar at the box office with a return of only $267million (Child
n.p). The newest adaption to Winnie the Pooh also received wonderful reviews from critics but was
only able to bring in $33million worldwide (Child n.p). Take these two movies and compare them to
Bolt (2009) and Tangled (2010) which grossed $310million and $590million individually (Child
n.p). That doesn't necessarily make Princess and the Frog and Winnie the Pooh "bad" movies; critics
seemed to think they were just fine. However there is a clear gap between the money made by the
CGI films and the hand–drawn films. Furthermore, the matter of whether or not they were both
made by different companies is of the question seeing as how all four films were produced by
Disney. Traditional animation, using hand–drawn images, has been successful for many decades and

Small But Powerful Ad Analysis
Advertisements have transformed alongside the technology revolution by using computer graphics
(CGI) to draw in the consumer. Tide's "Small but Powerful" commercial uses CGI to create
hyperbole as a humorous addition to some facts about the product in order to gain the attention of its
viewers. Celebrities can be used in a similar way to make a connection with the audience by
showing a familiar and popular face. While the use of celebrities and hyperbole draw in the
consumer and make this commercial more memorable, they also provide a platform to that connects
the audience to the product, Pods. In this advertisement, Tide uses Simone Biles, a well–known
Olympic gymnast, as an advocate of the product, Pods. With the backdrop of a female narrator,
Simone makes lockers fall, the ground shake and performs other physics defying acts with the help
of CGI, all to prove the point that small things can be powerful too. The creators use the 4'8''
Olympian as an advocate, comparing her trust in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a journal by Mark A. Callister and Lesa A. Stern, they say that in recent years, "depicting people,
products, and objects in ways that far exceed their capability is a common strategy used to gain
attention, inject humor, and emphasize product attributes." The commercial producers are trying to
use this technique to show that even though the pods are only a fraction of the size of normal
detergent, it gets the job done even better than the alternative. The commercial is metaphorically
comparing Simone's small stature to the modest size of each pod. Exaggerating Simone's physical
skills, in turn creates the thought in each viewer's mind that this good will similarly outperform its
capabilities on their clothes. Mark and Lesa's study suggests that these kind of hyperbolic
commercials are more powerful than ones that do not use this persuasion

Halberstam Essay
Danilo Capcha Professor Sande English 101 November 18, 2014 Halberstam brilliantly enough
discusses how CGI, which are out of the norm, are being used to exemplify many ideas such as
revolution, capitalism, and transformation. CGI films as explained by Halberstam are movies
generated solely by a computer that breaks off from societal norms which can be considered as
being queer, different or odd, to Halberstam. Movies that include animating revolt usually
incorporate human and non–human struggles in which two groups are then pit against each other to
show a theme that would never be shown in adult movies. In the movie, Chicken Run, the chickens
are the oppressed people of society while Mr. Tweedy and Mrs. Tweedy are the ones in control. ...
Woody goes through many milestones in which he shows that being a failure is not such a bad thing
after all. Collectivity is shown in the move when Buzz and Woody, the replaced toy, accidentally set
off on an adventure and are forced to work together to overcome many obstacles. At one point in the
movie, they are trapped in a claw machine and have to find a way out. Although their plan to escape
the claw machine goes very south, Woody still tries to help out Buzz. Halberstam would focus on
the scene when Buzz and Woody are "won" by Sid the Bully, one of the antagonists in the movie,
they are brought to his house and are selected as the 'lucky' patients in Sid's next toy surgery; Buzz
and Woody yet again must come together to get out of this horrible predicament. A couple of scenes
later they are seen trying to fight of a group of toys who have already been operated upon by Sid but
Buzz and Woody do not know that these toys are just like them. They also want to escape from the
horrible prison they have been placed in but cannot due to their deformation, so they work together
to help out Woody and Buzz escape. Halberstam would notice the change of character the 'evil' toys
undergo because Halberstam believes that most CGI films include characters that are failures, the
deformed toys, and then become great due to their

Visual Effect On Visual Effects
Visual effects started out as visual experimental techniques in the very early stages of film starting
with filmmakers like George mielies. As technology has progressed so have the ability of visual
effects in film. Visual effect techniques has influenced and help innovate film in many different
ways in the 21st century.
Firstly, one should differentiate between special effects and visual effects. Special effects are
generally carried out on set during production whilst and visual effects are usually done in post–
production, but this does not mean that special effects is not involved in the post–proudction process
and the visual effects are not involved in on set during production (http://filmescape.com/whats–
the–difference–between–special–effects–visual–effects).
Special effects can be seen in terms of two categories: optical and mechanical effects. Optical effects
have to do with the camera and the manipulation of the camera as well as the lighting to make the
scene look different (http://filmescape.com/whats–the–difference–between–special–effects–visual–
effects). This process could involving changing the cameras lenses, the type of lighting used in the
scene or how the camera moves to create a specific look to the shot (http://filmescape.com/whats–
the–difference–between–special–effects–visual–effects).
Mechanical effects are usually done during live–action shooting. This usually means making things
look like something they are not. This can involve changing the

Pixar Changing The Overall Feeling For Animation Forever
Pixar changed animation forever by introducing new ideas and changing the overall feel for
animation forever. One very important trend that Pixar started was the actual slowing down of a
movies narrative. Previously, before Pixar, animated movies such as Aladdin or even Beauty and
The Beast, both made by Disney, were both very rapidly paced, along with most other animated
movie prior to Pixar. Most companies did this because they considered their audiences to be an
extremely impatient bunch, specifically children. Pixar however, disproved this theory with Up,
Wall–E, and many others. Pixar knew the value of temporarily slowing down a movies narrative.
Pixar had faith that it's audience, including children, would not lose interest during ... Show more
As time can tell, it was a safe bet, by the time the credits of Toy Story began to roll the first day, the
movies would never be the same (Zorthian). Toy Story grossed a total of $191,796,233 at the box
office in The United States alone, it was the highest–selling film for three weeks in a row. As the
first full length, 3D computer animated movie, it was a milestone for animation, possibly the most
significant since the introduction of color. Most critics however, glossed over this achievement,
which was actually exactly what the developers were hoping for. The critics were actually thrilled at
the "invisibility" of the work. The film even won an academy award for Special Achievement, also
including nominations for best original screenplay, score, and song. The foundation that was set by
Toy Story had effects far beyond the franchise. Pixar, which Disney officially acquired in 2006, has
released 15 movies since then, this includes 26 Academy Awards and three Grammy's in total. There
have been more than 250 computer–animated films released world wide since Toy Story. John
Lasseter, current chief creative officer of Pixar and Disney, attributes that plentitude in part to the
choice by the Toy Story team to worry about the story more than showing off, and to concentrate on
developing software to serve their ideas, rather than the other way around. Lasseter even states, "if
Toy Story had not succeeded the way it did, it might not have

James Cameron Research Paper
James Cameron is a Canadian film director but also a philanthropist, and a deep–sea diver, He is
very well known for the incredible movie Titanic starring Leonardo Di–Caprio and Kate Winslet.
After he had finished Titanic he started a long 10 year quest to produce one of the most insanely
gorgeous movies known to date. AVATAR is one of the MOST CGI based films ever created and
Just about everyone knows that Avatar represents the absolute cutting edge CGI and 3D cinema
technology, but there is simply so much going on with respect to the technology used in this movie
that it is possible to overlook a lot of the neat facts about what actually went in to this fantastic film.
In 2005 James was announced to be working on a project titled "Project 880". While making ...
Monsters were men dressed up in rubber suits and extra–terrestrial planets were hand–made sets
built in studios. For a while, animatronics were even used to bring the otherwise impossible to life.
But without the advent of computer generated animation, today's live–action movies would be
completely unrecognizable. Computer Generated Imagery in movies started in the 1970s as visual
effects and short animations were being made from layering multiple 2D images to make it look
rounded and therefore 3D. In 1972 Pixar co–founders, Ed Catmull and Fred Park, produced the first
prototype of a digitally–rendered 3D hand using technology that would become the foundation for
countless effects and film masterpieces that followed. In 1993 the production of toy story start
which was set to be the very first full animation film made using CGI. Pixar, which was known for
producing small animations to promote their products(computers), was approached by Disney to
make a computer–animated film after the success of their short film Tin Toy. In 1995 Cameron
wrote the first treatment for Avatar with the intention of pushing the

The Impact Of Computer Animation On The Entertainment...
EE Computer Animation From the very beginning of animation, artists created images on paper of
two–dimensional animated characters. As time progressed, computers became an integral part of
people's lives. Technological advancements have allowed animators to use programs online that
would turn a two–dimensional animated character or object into a three–dimensional format. This
made it easier for animators to create whatever they wanted. Without the hassle of paper, these
people had a variety of tools to aid their creation. The impact of computer animation on the various
entertainment industries can be seen from the evolution through the years dealing with television
and movies. The impact of computer animation of the entertainment industry is shown through the
evolution of movies dating back from 1908 to movies today involving Computer Generated Images
(CGI) programs, such as Pixar Animation, through the use of various software programs, special
props, and scenery. Animation production created in modern day, such as video games, movies,
computer software applications, and television shows, requires various processes. Through the use
of multiple computer assisted programs, such as Autodesk Maya, animated visual effects are created
more efficiently concerning more complex 3D models then from past archaic methods. Maya is an
example of a software program that has been utilized with high class companies, such as Walt
Disney, in creating such films as in 'Dinosaur'. This was

Special Effects Technician Career Overview and Pay...
Special Effects Technician Career Overview and Pay Structure
A Special Effects Technician uses Computer Generated Imagery (CGI), pyrotechnics and physical
effects to create visual illusions in film, television, stage or video productions. I will attempt to
explain the major areas of work covered under the title of Special Effects Technician, the education
required and the salary expected in the field The Physical Effects Technician is the technician that
works to make props, models, scenery, prosthetics and mechanically animated pieces. The physical
effects technician works with a variety of mediums. Body and facial prosthetics utilize sculpting of
clay to make molds that are cast to fit the specific actors face and/or body. They are ... Show more
This technique is used to layer foreground and background images based on color hues or the
chroma range. The CGI technician layers the computer modelling around the actor. Programs such
as PhotoKey 6 Pro make it possible to render the images seemlessly. Being a CGI technician
requires computer knowledge and takes hours to edit and add in the actors into the computer
generated world. An example of a seemless CGI movie is Avatar which cost $425,000,000 to make
but grossed $2.7 Billion worldwide (www.the–numbers.com/movie/budgets/). For every 1/24 of a
second or one frame of film it took 47 hours of rendering (www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/trivia).
There are specialized training school for Special Effects Technicians,such as the Art institute with
multiple locations across the country and a few in California.. A College degree is not required it is
common especially in the area of CGI. A Pyrotechnician must be certified by the state that they
work in and pass a Pyrotechnic safety and handling course. The Physical Effects Technician should
have a firm grasp of art styles and art mediums. Now that we know what a Special Effects
Technician does, what kind of monetary compensation do they earn. A person can specialize in one
or more areas of expertise.
Their earnings vary due to geographic location. Since a large majority of the special effects are used
in movies, California offers the highest yearly wage of $85,000 per year,New York has a range of
$41,000

The Raiders Of The Lost Ark: Scene Analysis
The music begins to swell and the famous Staff of Ra scene in Raiders of the Lost Ark begins to
play out. Indiana Jones steps towards solving another piece of the puzzle as he plants the Staff of Ra
within an ancient underground burial site and watches as the sunlight spreads out among the room.
The scene switches focus and the camera pans down the Staff, Indiana Jones famously played by the
actor Harrison Ford comes into view as the music comes to a climax. Except Harrison Ford does not
come into frame, Nicholas Cage does. In an nearly identical scene as the original one in The Raiders
of the Lost Ark, Harrison Ford is completely erased from the character he played in 1981 in favor
for Nicholas Cage. Recreated is a scene where Nicholas Cage ... Show more content on
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Computer generated imagery or computer generated content is by no means a new concept of
technology. In fact, the use of computer generated effects trace back to the 1960's when it was first
used to create 2D animations, but first broke ground in 1973 when it was used in the Science Fiction
Thriller, Westworld. The history of computer generated content continued to develop and gain
popularity as years rolled passed and movies like Star Wars, The Matrix, and, later, Avatar put CGI
on the map. In modern day society, GGI and photoshopped images are very much integrated into the
video or photo content that we consume everyday, and in a way that is indistinguishable to the naked
eye. Until now, these effects were the creation of billion dollar budgets and teams of specialized
animators that worked very hard at making some of the most realistic and beautiful work. Yet as a
result of the constant update of technology and the growing personal computer industry, the creation
of such work can be recreated at the fraction of the cost or at no cost by anyone. This is computer
generated imagery at its finest and most accessible

The Day After Tomorrow: Remediating Global Warming Essay
Global warming, an increase in the average of Earth's temperature, has been occurring since the
1800s. A majority of climatologists conclude that human activities are responsible for most of the
warming. The main human activities that contribute to global warming are the burning of fossil fuels
(coal, oil, and natural gas) and the clearing of land (NASA). Since wealthier industrial countries use
most of the world's fossil fuels, they not surprisingly contribute most to this phenomenon. Europe,
Japan, and North America – with roughly fifteen percent of the world's current population – are
estimated to account for two–thirds of the carbon dioxide now in the atmosphere (Gotham Gazette).
Even though it comprises less than five percent of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the film, Emmerich strategically obliterates American landmarks, deliberately picks out the main
victims of global warming, and incorporates scenes that use computer generated imagery. By
utilizing these filming methods, Emmerich creates a quality disaster genre film.
Emmerich specifically chooses Americans to be the main victims of the supernatural effects given
rise to by global warming. His message is made immediate: Americans are the primary contributors
of global warming, and therefore will be the main victims of their own actions. By targeting
Americans, Emmerich appeals through pathos and engenders a special relationship between the
audience and the movie. Emmerich intends to make Americans realize that they are causing global
warming. Emmerich's choice in purposely targeting Americans might be because they make up the
main audience and generate more revenue for the film than any other country. This film is relatable
to the audience because most Americans are indifferent to the effects that global warming causes.
Again, Emmerich tries to emphasize that heating of the earth's surface is a

The History Of Filmmaking Is Vast And Spans Several...
The history of filmmaking is vast and spans several centuries, beginning in the mid to late 1800s
following the invention of the camera, by experimenting with photography to create animation and
moving images. Since then, cinema has evolved from looping one to two minute scenes on film, to
one to two hour movies shot in a multitude of possible mediums, with several different types of
picture, sound, and digital effects. The advancements of digital cinema have disrupted the
construction of reality within narrative filmmaking, and have blurred the lines between animation
and live action film by reaffirming film's place as a classical art. The contrasting ideas between Lev
Manovich's "Digital Cinema and the History of a Moving Image" and ... Show more content on
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Camera placement and framing also warps reality by inaccurately trying to imitate the human eye.
This practice of verisimilitude continues through to post production when editing manipulates the
viewer further by implying temporal and spatial relations that likely didn't exist during production.
Hollywood creates their own version of reality without the use of tangible special effects, but
nevertheless it's all fabricated: "Mise–en–scène is, perhaps, the most indispensable ingredient in
grounding a text in realism. The representation of a materially recognisable world is the one that the
photographic media are most obviously qualified to achieve. Any departure from this recognisability
is perceived as a significant departure from verisimilitude, inviting an immediate questioning of its
cause or effect. [...] [T]o represent a simulacrum of the material world is to assert the fictional reality
of narrative events." This goes to show that even with an absence of special and visual effects,
cinematic verisimilitude will never truly be one hundred percent real. Alternatively, when digital
cinema does incorporate special effects such as 3–D computer generated images, or CGI animation
there is no reason why it should be grounded in reality. The purpose of these technologies is to
create

Golden Age Of Animation
Animation plays an enormous role in the entertainment industry today. The Global Animation and
Gaming Market is estimated to be worth $242.92 billion (as of 2016), and animated films are the
most profitable of any film genre. This industry has widespread influence amongst all age groups,
and the films produced can span any genre. The industry has seen major changes with the recent
advances in computer–generated animation techniques. To fully understand animation, it's important
to see where it began. What is considered animation? That question is more loaded than many
believe, as the definition of animation is still debated today. This allows for some controversy as to
what is the first ever animation. Some believe that the cave painting ... Show more content on
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During this time, many classic characters emerged, including Bugs Bunny, Mickey Mouse,
Superman, and countless others. Disney released many feature length films during this time,
including Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, and Dumbo. Warner Bros cartoons was
founded in 1933, notably allowing their animators more freedom to develop different styles than
other studios at the time. As disney started to make the shift into primarily focusing on feature
length films, Warner Bros continued to focus on making shorts, such as the successful Looney Tunes
series. The Golden Age started to rely more on voice actors to help bring these characters to life, and
scores played by studio orchestras to complete the story. During this time, colored televisions
became available to more and more Americans changing the ways they can receive their
entertainment. In 1958 the Huckleberry Hound Show was the first half an hour television show to
feature only animation. This eventually led to popular cartoons such as The Flintstones, being
featured on primetime television. The golden age of animation came to an end when televised
cartoons started to gain large viewerships, and animated shorts lost their popularity in

How Animation Can Bring The Dullest Of The Features And...
Introduction
In a sense Animation can bring the dullest of the features and bring it to life. It's like magic that
gives the most seemingly inanimate objects different kind of emotions and vitality. Animation made
its way to the Multimedia as one of the most attractive and much sought component over the years.
What is animation? 'To animate' means to impart motion on something that cannot. Animation also
adds the essence of time, which increases the possibility of sending the desired information.
Animator need to specify how the 'thing' they are animating move through time and space.
Decades ago when CGI doesn't exist animators were hand drawing plates for animated films and
cartoons, or relying on stop motion to create realistic effect. The birth of 3D animation was a long
process and cost billions and time to develop. Director of 'Avatar' James Cameron waited around 20
years until 3D animation has advance before starting filming Avatar in 2009.
Chapter 1
History of Computer Animation
'The term CGI is a misnomer – the computer doesn't generate the images. That would be like calling
traditional animation Pencil–Generated Imagery. No matter what the tool is, it requires an artist to
create art.' – John Lasseter
To really understand Computer Animation one must go back to the very beginning. While
researching about the history of Computer animation I found an Interesting website it shows not
only the history of computer animation but also when computer was first

Enter the Void Film Review
Enter If You Must A testament of cinematic genius, a daring and psychedelic composition, an
adventure through reality and the afterlife: Enter the Void is unlike any movie one has seen or
probably will see in the future. Written and directed by the Frenchman Gaspar Noé, Enter the Void is
a complex film that constantly experiments with the director's unique visual style. Enter the Void
follows the tragic story of a young American drug dealer, Oscar, as he struggles to survive in the
neon–lit and chaotic streets of Tokyo. Early in the film, Oscar is shot and killed in a drug bust gone
wrong. The rest of the film is captured from the perspective of Oscar's spirit, as he revisits important
moments of his past and watches over his loved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Oscar starts his trip, the screen transforms into a collage of brightly lit shapes and colors. The
elaborate designs and images incorporate the audience into Oscar's character, a lost and troubled
youth, and we experience his thoughts and viewpoint first hand. Noé experiments with a new
language of film, as the various textures and morphing images he uses are essential in achieving a
3D feeling without any glasses. Noé constantly breaks from the typical conventions of film, as he
simultaneously combines experimental visuals with obscure POV–styles. When filming the camera
shots hovering over Tokyo, Noé combined studio scenes, helicopter shots, and computer–generated
imagery into one so the audience could not tell them apart. The dreamlike world of Enter the Void
was achieved by accentuating the neon lights, reflections, and dark areas of Tokyo. Noé even
experimented with motion blur, chromatic aberration, and focus effects to create the mysterious
flickers that add to Tokyo's sleazy psychedelic environment at night. Noé's visuals and unique
storytelling methods definitely show similarities to his favorite film, 2001: A Space Odyssey. The
light corridor scene in 2001: A Space Odyssey clearly influenced Gaspar Noé, as Noé re–creates the
same feelings of amazement and mystery that come from special effects, camera movement, and
lighting. Noé's work has also been compared to

The Art of Digital Animation
Norman McLaren said, "Animation is not the art of drawings that move but the art of movements
that are drawn." To be a digital animator, independence and social skills are needed. Strong design
skills and computer savvy will be key. (Clark 185) To be successful or to even get a job the animator
needs a proper foundation. Having social skills, years of experience, and even a degree (not often)
are needed to do so. The long hours can be fun or enjoyable in the beginning seeing as the animator
is doing what they love but eventually, they will be exhausted and with deadlines they can screw
their self over without being prepared. Being educated in the field is highly suggested, to
understanding of color, form, shape, dynamics, and so on is needed. However, the only way the
animator can truly learn is through experience, actual practice. Some people look to be apprentices
to other animator and learn through being in that type of environment. Being a digital animator has
it's pros, cons, is full of history, and has a simple method of getting into.
Digital animation is a vital piece in the entertainment industry today. Talented artists from all over
get into the field to create amazing works of art. An animator produces multiple images that are
referred to as frames. These frames when compiled in sequence create a moving picture known as
animation. "They draw by hand and use computers to create the large series of pictures that, when
transferred to film or tape, form the animated

Computer Generated Imagery And Its Effects
Computer–generated imagery was being developed during the 1980s and it soon started being used
in films for effects. Rickitt (2006) explains that effects during the 80s were not just there to solve
problems and producing impossible shots like their initial purpose but used as a marketing tool for
films to promote themselves based on the quality of the image and amount of visual effects
involved. Star Wars was the first film to make use of this marketing tool and made people grow
more interest on the film itself as well as the effects and of course, this brought more income to the
studios. This trend of using effects to promote films was immediately picked up and abused, but it
did not last long. Tron (1982) was the first film based almost entirely on computer–generated
scenery and massively advertised for them. However it ended up failing at the box office even
though it had superb computer generated effects at the time of its release. Rickitt described that the
failure of Tron could have been what made visual effects take longer to develop and being
incorporated in films. This was the first sign that a film heavily equipped with effects does not mean
that it would make a hit. Narrative is an important element of a film and effects cannot compensate
for a bad narrative (McClean, 2007).
After a decade of slow development, computer–generated imagery made its appearance once more
in Jurassic Park (1993) and changed the opinions directors and studios regarding visual effects.

Avatar Research Paper
Special Effects Throughout the course of film history, special effects have been used in order to
create visual appeals in movies for it's audience. Special effects are used to manipulate viewers to
cause certain reactions at various points in films that can often appear realistic. This way, the film
appears more credible to the viewers, leaving them with an enjoyable experience and an urge to
return and watch more optically pleasing flicks. By using special effects in films, the film industry
has been able to captivate movie audiences, therefore special effects need to be advanced in order to
protect the film industry from losing viewers and instead attract more moviegoers. In order to
enhance film scenes that would appeal to larger audiences, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
James Cameron's avatar was a well produced film, that used an extensive amount of special effects
to tell a story, while racking up over 2 billion dollars in theatres. With the advancement of
technology, 70 percent of the film was generated through computer graphics, and "Cameron used a
new technology for Avatar that allowed him to see computer–generated creatures on his camera
while filming live actors" (Bowles). The film avatar is claimed to be one of the most successful
films in history as it has garnered a gross of over 2.7 billion, showing that people are susceptible to
films with a massive quantity of special effects. B. This doesn't mean that all films should use solely
computer–generated imagery however, as films that use physical and handmade special effects, such
as those of Dennis Muren, do great in the box office as well. Before the extensive amounts of CGI
we have now, most effects were physical. Dennis Muren is a prominent special effects artist who
worked his technical magic on films such as "E.T.: The Extra–Terrestrial," and "Jurassic Park," both
of which were successful in the box office and received multiple Academy Awards his astounding
mechanical effects (Chaney para 2). Many films use a mixture of both computer generated effects
and machines for the visual aspects that make so many films amazing. Films like "Jurassic Park",
for instance, had giant hydromechanics that resembled dinosaurs made in order to have a much more
realistic illustration for viewers that was successful. Hydromechanics, also known as hydraulics, are
able to make smooth movements with liquids and gases, that allow them to flow with the help of
levers, pipes, valves, buttons, and other similar machinery, as well as with the use of computers and
other electronic

The Failure Of Fantastic Four 's Reboot
Introduction The failure of Fantastic Four 's Reboot has been arguing since its global release in
theaters in 9th of august in 2015. The reviews by critics led the earnings of the movie to reach
approximately $29.4 million in its debut in cinemas. In one hand, the most noticeable final
impression of reviewers is that the majority agreed to consider Fantastic Four 's Reboot the worst
superhero movie ever. On the other hand, almost all of the critics did not blame the actors and
actresses to be the reason of the movie 's failure. Yet, There were several aspects affected the movie
to not be worthy of audience 's attention in the Box Office such as visual language superficiality,
more realistic and dramatic than a fantasy movie, promising actors and actresses in an under
qualified movie, in addition to a confusing trailer. However, this essay will seek critically to find the
major mistakes that occurred in the final montage as well as spoiled it with a supporting evidence.
Visual Language Superficiality Primarily, In an article (Gleiberman, 2015) an arguable point has
been broached to describe the visual language in the movie to be very outdated in this era. In fact,
that means the product lacks the quality of the visual effects that can appear in well–done movies. In
addition to the lack of meanings in its Cinematography, a way to express meanings via visual
actions only. Furthermore, another article (Reoper, 2015) Fantastic Four 's visual effect is not indeed
bad, however,

Animation Development And Computer Generated Imagery

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