Reducing Weather Related Accidents

Reducing Weather Related Accidents
REDUCING AVIATION WEATHER–RELATED ACCIDENTS THROUGH ACCURATE &
FASTER WEATHER INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION AND EASY PRESENTATIO R B S
Narayana, AM–II ( MO Mumbai ) Keywords: Aviation, Weather, Cockpit Systems Abstract One of
the important goal of providing met services to air navigation is l to reduce the fatal accident rate for
aviation . it is important to develop technologies needed to meet this aggressive goal. Because
weather has been identified as a causal factor in approximately 30% of all aviation accidents, a
project for the development of technologies that will provide accurate, timely and intuitive
information to pilots, dispatchers, and air traffic controllers to enable the detection and avoidance of
atmospheric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| |4 | Icing Hazard Solutions | |5 | Training | |6 | Weather Product Generation | |7 | Advanced Aviation
Meteorology | |8 | Turbulence Hazard Solutions | |9 | Advanced Technology Vision and Tactical
Sensors/Systems | |10 | Near Term Tactical Sensors/System | |11 | Strategic Wake Vortex Information
| |12 | Hazard Characterization | |13 | Runway Contamination | Pilots need includes multi–functional
colour cockpit displays of weather hazards; cockpit oriented weather products; flight information
services and communications systems; quantification of hazards; and satellite–based, ground–based,
and aircraft–mounted
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Safety Systems Of The Airline Industry
Long over a week ago, news that a commercial airliner operated by United Airlines was allegedly
hacked and redirected in midair by One World Labs Founder Chris Roberts, sparked questions
regarding whether such a task is possible and if so, what it may mean in terms of future
transportation safety. With security always being a prime concern in the airline industry, this claim
from Chris Roberts has raised a number of concerns from experts as well as the general public They
are both eager to know the extent to which this story is true. Historically a plane's control systems
have been very manual, based on hydraulics and mechanical circuits, with some form of automation
of the control systems, however in the last couple of decades, the control systems have been
upgraded and today most modern jet–liners are controlled by electronic control systems – also
known as a fly–by–wire controls. These upgrades have been required in order to increase reliability
as well as support the increased functionality required by the control systems to operate more
sophisticated engines and much larger planes. Each new plane comes equipped more automated
than the last. The question on everyone 's mind is, should I worry? There are some fundamental
things that airplane manufacturers and their related partners have done to protect against such
attacks. First of all, there is a strong separation between the entertainment system and the avionics
control systems. Of course after the recent claims there

Study Of Components Of Air Traffic Services
Internship Report On STUDY OF COMPONENTS OF AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES Submitted to
Amity University Uttar Pradesh In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of Bachelorof Technology by Utssav Rishi Bhatnagar Under the guidance of Faculty Guides:
Industrial guides: Mr. Sachin Rajput Mr. S.R.Mahto DEPARTMENTOF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY AMITY
UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, NOIDA(U.P.) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I will take this
opportunity to thank Amity University for providing me the opportunity of doing research on a topic
in the form of an internship. I will also like to thank our Head of Department Dr. M.K. Dutta for his
encouragement and support throughout for the successful completion of the project work. I will like
thank my assigned facultie Mr. Sachin Rajput for his valuable guidance and support. I would like to
express our sincere gratitude to my industrial guide Mr. S.R Mahto .. He has been very kind and
helpful to me. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Guides for their help during the
course of the project right from selection of the project, their constant encouragement, expert
academic and practical guidance. I would also like to thank my parents without them nothing would
have been possible. Utssav CERTIFICATE This is to

Inplant Training Report
INPLANT TRAINING REPORT NAME : Nirmal Kumar.D BRANCH : ECE CLASS : 4 – 'A'
REG. NO : 10407534 AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA ( AAI ) AAI Communication,
Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) and Automation facilities are the vital elements for safe and reliable
Air Traffic Services over designated airspace. Airports Authority of India (AAI) is the Air Traffic
Service provider over the Indian airspace. Due to the overcrowded airspace globally, the safety and
Reliability of the Air Traffic Services depend heavily on the CNS/ATM systems sustained by the
CNS personnel on one side and the Air Traffic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It will also permit a significant reduction in transmission time, thus reducing the congestions and
will eliminate misunderstanding due to a deficient quality of the voice received, propagation
problems, dialects and the possibility of having instant access to previous voice transmission
recording. In future the CPDLC may be the primary means of communication, all aircraft should be
also be advised of appropriate voice communication frequencies. Aircraft communication via
CPDLC should only be done with the appropriate ATC unit for it route segment, otherwise request
may get rejected due to absence of corresponding flight plan. The pilot initiates the CPDLC
procedure by sending a contract message containing the four–letter ICAO site designator of the ATC
unit. The latter will respond with an acknowledgement message Navigation: Future navigation
technology will definitely improve the accuracy of position determination and to provide better
predictions of future position to enable aircraft to fly more accurate and well–defined profiles.
Improvement in position accuracy is also a prerequisite for the introduction of reduced separation
minima. The GNSS is the solution for seam less navigation. Global Navigation Satellites System
(GNSS) The term GNSS is generic name used by ICAO to define any world–wide positioning and
time–determining system that includes one or more satellite constellations, aircraft receivers and
various integrity monitoring systems including

American Airlines Flight 1420 Crash
Introduction
American Airlines Flight 1420 tragically crashed on June 1, 1999. The flight crew attempted to land
the McDonnell Douglas DC–9–82 in Little Rock, Arkansas during a thunderstorm. The aircraft
overran the runway, crashing through several obstacles before coming to rest 800 feet from the end
of the runway. Eleven people were killed and over 100 injured. This preventable accident was the
result of human error, miscommunication, and poor decision making. After investigating the Flight
1420 crash, the NTSB made several recommendations to the FFA addressing the issues that led to
the accident in an attempt to prevent such errors in the future.
Findings
Following the investigation of the American Airlines 1420 accident, the NTSB released a detailed
and comprehensive list of the overall findings. Using data from the accident craft's CVR and FDR,
along with a thorough investigation of the crash site, the NTSB findings painted a clear
understanding of the string events leading up to the crash. In addition, the events gave insight to the
causes that prevented flight 1420 from landing safely in Little Rock.
Prior to America Airlines Flight 1420 departure, the crew received their preflight paperwork, which
included several weather advisories from both the NWS and American Airlines. The weather reports
indicated "wide spread thunderstorms" along the planned flight route. In addition, the paperwork
included two alternate airports, Dallas/ Fort Worth and

A Brief Note On Air Traffic Control ( Atc ) Essay
4.3 VARIOUS MODULES OF DLCA 6500 : 4.3.1 Air Traffic Controller(ATC) Air traffic control
(ATC) is a service provided by ground–based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in
the air. The primary purpose of ATC systems is to handle the aircraft downlinks and ground station
uplinks. The pilot sends some downlink messages by using MKP (Multi–Functional Keypad),
CCP(Cursor Control panel) in AM. The pilot will confirm the message by pressing SEND in AFD
and it will come to ATC after pressing SEND function in AFD.RIU will then send the message to
one of the existing radios (HF, SATCOM or VHF, with the selection of the radio based on special
logic contained within the RIU). For a message to be sent over the VHF network, the radio would
transmit the VHF signals containing the downlink message. This message is then received by a VHF
Remote Ground Station .ATC may use a radar system called Secondary Surveillance Radar to
downlink flight parameters allowing radar processing: systems and therefore controllers to see
various data on a flight, including airframe unique id (24–bits encoded), indicated airspeed and
flight director selected level, amongst others.Any aircraft is required to have clearance from Ground
Control. This is normally done via VHF/UHF radio. Figure 4(b): Air Traffic Controller (ATN–CM
page) Figure 4(c): Air Traffic Controller 4.3.2 Radio Interface Unit (RIU): It is Radio Interface Unit.

Mobile Communication : An Overview Of 4g And Its Features,...
Mobile Communication from 1G to 4G Ajit Singh Grewal GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
Fairfax, Virginia, USAAbstract The evolution of mobile telephone system can be classified into
different generation based on the level of maturity in technology. This classification does not depend
on any standardized facts. The purpose of this paper is to provide the history of mobile
communication and provide an overview of 4G and its features, architecture, key technologies and
challenges. Introduction: From 1G (First Generation) to 3G (Third Generation) the way of mobile
communication has changed drastically. The new generation is giving users a new way to
communicate and access the services on the go. The ultimate aim of the latest generations is to
provide better services to its users. The growth of mobile users over last few decades has increased
significantly. From around 210 million users in 1995 to almost 1.6 million users in 2008 worldwide.
Figure1: Figure 1: Growth of mobile users from initial years till 2010. Initial advancement that were
taken during the launch of GPRS (2.5G) i.e. users can use data services (E.g. internet access, MMS–
Multimedia Message Service). As clearly shown in the figure1, the mobile internet subscribers also
increased from almost zero to almost 800 million in 2008. Now the ever growing need of high
mobile data services led to the new generation i.e. 4G (The Fourth Generation) of the mobile
communication that tends to support all these

Draft Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations
Special Publication 800–146 DRAFT Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations
Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Lee Badger Tim Grance
Robert Patt–Corner Jeff Voas NIST Special Publication 800–146 DRAFT Cloud Computing
Synopsis and Recommendations Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology Lee Badger Tim Grance Robert Patt–Corner Jeff Voas C O M P U T E R S E C U R I T
Y Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards
and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899–8930 May 2011 U.S. Department of Commerce Gary
Locke, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Director ...
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3–1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Promises
.................................................................................................................. 3–1
Limitations................................................................................................................ 3–2 Obligations
............................................................................................................... 3–2 Recommendations
................................................................................................... 3–3 Understanding Who Controls
Resources in a Cloud ............................................... 4–3 The On–site Private Cloud Scenario
........................................................................ 4–4 The Outsourced Private Cloud Scenario
................................................................. 4–7 The On–site Community Cloud Scenario
................................................................. 4–9 The Outsourced Community Cloud Scenario
........................................................ 4–12 The Public Cloud Scenario
.................................................................................... 4–13 The Hybrid Cloud
Scenario.................................................................................... 4–15 4. General Cloud Environments
..........................................................................................

It Project Management
Introduction
Fiction Corporation is a large national retail chain of 10,000 employees and 500 retail outlets.
Fiction is moving its primary data center operation to a new headquarters building several miles
away. The company wishes to upgrade its network and correct any security flaws in its
infrastructure as part of this move. The Fiction CEO has a capital budget of $500,000 and must not
interrupt business operations. The fiction corporation has hired Big–Proj for completion of this
network migration project without exceeding the budget of $500,000. The Project life cycle has
been signed for 30 days. Big–Proj typically handles these types of moves as part of its normal
operations; along with network upgrades, and ERP deployments. The ... Show more content on
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Included in this plan should be details on data center facility size, location, site plans, physical
security requirements, risk management initiatives (security priorities and business continuity
issues) and critical infrastructure capacities – initial estimates of equipment densities, power and
cooling capacities and levels of redundancy. Companies must have a strategy for recovering their
data in the event that fires, hurricanes or other natural disasters destroy their primary data centers.
Planning for recovery from a disaster is quickly becoming recognized as a necessity. (Omar et al,
2011)
Step 6: Develop a detailed data center move/relocation project plan.
Perhaps one of the most critical steps within a data center move/relocation project, the team will
need to create a detailed move plan that includes the equipment move sequence, back–up operations
during the move, installation and testing and ongoing operations.
Success of data center move and relocation projects are highly dependent upon detailed and
coordinated planning and execution of many functional participants.
Develop an inclusive plan that incorporates the five (5) process areas and nine (9) knowledge areas
of the PMBOK®.
The Project plan has been developed as a 30 day life cycle.
Migration Plan Approach
The primary intentions of the approach proposed by this design methodology within this Migration
Plan are to ensure the

The Aeronautical Telecommunication Network ( Atn )
2.3 AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (ATN) :
2.3.1 Introduction
In the early 1980s, the international civil aviation community started to express concern about the
limitations on existing facilities and procedures, and their inability to cope with increasing air traffic
in the future years. Consequently Special Committee on FANS was established to study, identify
and assess new concepts and technology in the field of air navigation, including satellite technology,
and also to make recommendations thereon for the development of air navigation for international
civil aviation over a period of 25 years. A major result was the global Communications, Navigation
and Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) concept which identified the use of data
communications and of satellite–based systems as being the two major areas of improvement to the
then existing systems. The CNS/ATM concept was further developed and redefined, after which the
Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) became an integral part of CNS/ATM systems.
The ATN comprises application entities and communication services which allow ground, air–
ground and avionics data subnetworks to interoperate. This is done by adopting common interface
services and protocols based on International Standards. The ATN has been designed to provide data
communication services to Air Traffic Service (ATS) provider organizations and Aircraft Operating
agencies for the following types of communication traffic:
1. Air

Core Banking Solutions
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Title of the Project: Importance And Applications Of Core Banking Solutions (CBS)
Objectives of the Project Work: The major objectives of this project work are to: To evaluate the
advantages and disadvantages of CBS over traditional banking system To explore the technology
used in CBS with special reference to Shreyas Grameen Bank. To identify and discuss various
issues related with the automization of Banks. To define various Core Banking Services provided by
Indian Banks. To identify and determine the causes of CBS becoming a nightmare. To determine the
effects of the implementation of CBS on consumers, banks and the economy as a whole. To ... Show
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The study finds and concludes that performance of rural banks in India has significantly improved
after amalgamation process which has been initiated by the Government of India.
I. Introduction
Banks play an important role in mobilization and allocation of resources in any country. Rural
people in India are facing problems in the inadequate supply of credit. The major source of credit to
rural households, particularly–low income working households, has been the informal sector.
Informal sector advances loans at very high rates of interest; the terms and conditions attached to
such loans have given rise to an elaborate structure of intimidation of both economic and non–
economic conditions in rural population in India. RRBs were established in India in 1975 essentially
for the purpose of taking banking service to the doorsteps of rural people, particularly in places
without banking facilities.
The objectives as given in the preamble of RRBs Act of 1976 were "to develop the rural economy in
providing for the purpose of development of agriculture, trade commerce, industry and other
productive activities n the rural areas, credit and other facilities particularly to the small and
marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans and small entrepreneurs and for matter connected
therewith and incidental thereto"
In India rural people such as small and marginal farmers, landless agricultural laborers, artisans and
socially and economically backward castes and classes

Aviation: The Radar System Essay
1. INTRODUCTION A radar system to be used in this modernised world of aviation has to be
efficient and reliable. The system has to accommodate the endless flow of air traffic all day without
any failure that would otherwise hinder the flow of air traffic, causing not only the airline but the
airport itself to lose money. As such, the radar system chosen for this assignment is the latest model
of CAAS' Long Range Radar and Display System (LORADS) III, suited to meet the operational
requirements of Singapore. This radar system has been operational since 16th October 2013, and
costs more than $300 milion. This radar is based on Thales' TopSky ATC system, one of the world's
leading Technology Company providing services for airspace security. ... Show more content on
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The Route Adherence Monitoring (RAM) system checks if aircraft are adhering to their planned
route by comparing the actual position of surveillance tracks with known points of the planned
route. LORADS 3 makes use of a multi–sensor tracking technology, and is capable of fusing data
from radars, ADS–B, and ground sensors with multi–hypothesis filtering. It also provides an ADS–
C surveillance for remote and oceanic areas. 2.2 Role in air traffic management Radars play a vital
role in air traffic management. It provides real–time distance and range to any reflective target,
detecting not only aircrafts, but objects and land masses as well using electromagnetic waves. A
radar is capable of seeing through any condition of visibility, giving air traffic controllers and edge
in providing important weather and aerodrome information to pilots. A radar is essential to air traffic
when safety is concerned. When non–ideal weather conditions occur at an aerodrome such as
thunderstorms, the radar would aid the aircraft in its approach and take off. It prevents collisions
through provision of information to the ATC and pilots. A radar facilitates air traffic management
through surveillance, which determines an aircraft's position and velocity, giving controllers an
accurate overview of air traffic at any point in time. With the ADS–B equipped,

The attacks of 9/11 in 2001 shed a light on many different...
The attacks of 9/11 in 2001 shed a light on many different weaknesses relevant to the security of the
United States regarding communication, and disaster response. On every level of government–
federal, state, and local– substandard communication methods contributed to the deaths of nearly
3000 people, as well as the growing number of people dying from illnesses that resulted from
participating in the cleanup at Ground Zero. There were many communication challenges faced by
agencies tasked with responding to the incident, and particularly in the case of law enforcement,
these problems likely resulted in more fatalities than would have occurred had better systems been
in place. This paper will discuss the communication problems that ... Show more content on
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The air traffic controllers kept the most up–to–date information about hijackings, and were in the
best position to react to the events that were unfolding. Conceivably, this might have resulted in
saving lives at both the Pentagon and the third disaster site, when Flight 93 crashed in Shanksville,
Pennsylvania after the passengers prevented that plane from being hijacked. According to reports,
operators tried hard to include the FAA in this phone call, but they had difficulties with the
equipment as well as being unable to find phone numbers that were secure. Before 10:03 AM,
NORAD on three occasions requested confirmation that the FAA was included on the conference
call in order to give them an update on the hijackings. However, the FAA was not able to participate
in the call until approximately 15 minutes later. As a result, their representative was completely
unfamiliar with the situation, was not able to access decision–makers, and did not have any of the
data available to senior officials at that point. There was a complete lack of coordination with the
single agency that was in the best position to take an active role in thwarting more hijackings. The
report issued by the 9/11 Commission concluded that rescuers had to make instant life–and–death
decisions founded on poor communications and contributing to the death toll at the World

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Contents : Abstract : Introduction : History : Concepts : Branches
of AI : Artificial Intelligence in fiction : Problems o 7.1 Deduction, reasoning, problem solving o 7.2
Knowledge representation o 7.3 Planning o 7.4 Learning o 7.5 Motion & manipulation o 7.6
Perception o 7.7 Social intelligence o 7.8 Creativity o 7.9 General intelligence  VIII : Tools o 8.1
Search & optimization o 8.2 Logic o 8.3 Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning o 8.4 Neural
Networks o 8.5 Control Theory o 8.6 Languages  IX : Philosophy  X : Applications of Artificial
Intelligence  XI : Conclusion  XII : References        I II III IV V VI VII I:
Abstract At the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those who attended would become the leaders of AI research for decades. Many of them predicted
that a machine as intelligent as a human being would exist in no more than a generation and they
were given millions of dollars to make this vision come true. Eventually it became obvious that they
had grossly underestimated the difficulty of the project. In 1973, in response to the criticism of Sir
James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from congress, the U.S. and British Governments stopped
funding undirected research into artificial intelligence. Seven years later, a visionary initiative by the
Japanese Government inspired governments and industry to provide AI with billions of dollars, but
by the late 80s the investors became disillusioned and withdrew funding again. This cycle of boom
and bust, of "AI winters" and summers, continues to haunt the field. Undaunted, there are those who
make extraordinary predictions even now. Progress in AI has continued, despite the rise and fall of
its reputation in the eyes of government bureaucrats and venture capitalists. Problems that had
begun to seem impossible in 1970 have been solved and the solutions are now used in successful
commercial products. However, no machine has been built with a human level of intelligence,
contrary to the optimistic predictions of the first generation of AI researchers. "We can only see a
short distance ahead," admitted Alan Turing, in a famous 1950 paper that catalyzed the

Spoofed Research Paper
For years we have found ways to protect our belongings with security to make sure our phones or
computers aren't hacked, or data isn't stolen from them. Many sUAS are starting to apply security
measures, but they are still vulnerable. An Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) more commonly known
as a drone by hobbyists may be a revolutionary device, but they don't come without there downfalls.
While a drone might be able to maneuver in a tight space or follow you while avoiding obstacles, it
is still very seceptible to being hacked, and could leave it vulnerable for the next few years. Ways
drones can be Spoofed: Many drones are seceptible to being spoofed, and drones that use apps wifi
are the the ones that get spoofed. Spoofed is a fancy way of saying

Case Analysis : Training Requirements For United States Navy
Case Analysis: Training Requirements for United States Navy (USN) MQ–4C Triton Unmanned
Aircraft System (UAS) Operators Summary The MQ–4C Triton Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS),
previously known as the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS), is a major defense acquisition
program (MDAP) based on the United States Air Force (USAF) high–altitude, long–endurance
(HALE) RQ–4B Global Hawk (Cohn & Harrison, 2014; Department of Defense [DoD], 2013;
Naval Air Systems Command [NAVAIR], 2014). The program "...entered System Development and
Demonstration (SDD) based on a Milestone (MS) B Acquisition Decision Memorandum (ADM)
issued on April 18, 2008" (DoD, 2013, p. 5). An SDD contract was awarded to Northrop Grumman
Corporation (NGC), with an option for low rate initial production (LRIP), on April 22, 2008 (DoD,
2011). Program milestones include: January 2009: system requirements review (DoD, 2013)
February 2010: preliminary design review (DoD, 2013) February 2011: critical design review (DoD,
2013) June 2012: first SDD aircraft delivered (DoD, 2013) March 2013: flight readiness review
(DoD, 2013) May 2013: first flight conducted (DoD, 2013) September 2014: first transcontinental
flight from Palmdale, California to Patuxent River Naval Air Station (NAS), Maryland (DoD, 2014)
November 2015: operational assessment (Director, Operational Test and Evaluation [DOTE], 2016)
According to the MQ–4C Navy Training System Plan (NTSP; NAVAIR, 2014), scheduled program
milestones

Human Operator, Underwater And Space Domains
Introduction The need to perform tasks in hostile environments such as those characteristic of
nuclear, underwater and space domains has driven telerobotics researchers to design systems that
allow human operators to work safely from remote locations (Ferre et al., 2007). Telerobotic
systems extend the actions of a human operator by transmitting complex control actions to a robot
that duplicates them on remote objects on the operator's behalf (Figure 1). Sensors are placed at the
remote site to gather data from the task, and feedback is then transmitted back to the operator and
displayed by the human machine interface (HMI). The operator perceives system information from
the remote environment through the HMI and responds accordingly by sending commands back to
the remote devices. Essentially, these systems are closed–loop configurations in which a human
operator plays an important role. Therefore, the HMI component of an optimal telerobotic system
has to accurately stimulate the operator's senses of sight, hearing and touch to (1) communicate the
state of the remote environment and (2) process the operator's commands to accurately control the
remote devices (Ferre et al., 2007). For complex or intricate tasks, force feedback that stimulates the
operator's sense of touch can enhance his ability to complete the task. This requirement was the
original motivation for the evolution of haptic interface technologies. Figure 1. Outline of a
telerobotic system (adapted from

Deregulation of the U.S. Airline Industry Essay example
Deregulation of the U.S. airline industry has resulted in ticket prices dropping by a third, on an
inflation–adjusted basis. As a result some 1.6 million people fly on 4,000 aircraft every day. Airlines
carried 643 million passengers in 1998, a 25% increase over 1993 and the FAA estimates that the
nation¡¦s airline system will have to accommodate 917 million passengers by the year 2008. The
growth in air travel threatens to overwhelm the presently inadequate air traffic control system,
which has not kept pace with available technology in navigation, communications, and flight
surveillance. Much of the equipment used for air traffic control today is based on fifty–year–old
technology; for example, analog simplex voice links for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On March 11, 1999, the FAA released the NAS Architecture Version 4.0 to the public. Key
influences on the architecture include the 1996 White House Commission on Aviation Safety and
Security, which recommended that the FAA accelerate modernization of the NAS, and the 1997
National Civil Aviation Review Commission, which recommended funding and performance
management methods for implementing NAS modernization. It describes the agency¡¦s
modernization strategy from 1998 through 2015. Based on the Free Flight operational concept,
Version 4.0 contains capabilities, technologies, and systems to enhance the safety of the aviation
system and provide users and service providers with more efficient services. Free Flight centers on
allowing pilots, whenever practical, to choose the optimum flight profile. This concept of operations
is expected to decrease user costs, improve airspace flexibility, and remove flight restrictions.
The NAS Architecture is divided into three modernization phases and its implementation is being
synchronized with the International Civil Aviation Organization to ensure interoperability and global
integration.
„h Phase 1 (1998–2002) focuses on sustaining essential air traffic control services and delivering
early user benefits. Free Flight Phase 1 will be implemented. Controller computer workstations will
begin major upgrades. Satellite–based navigation systems will be deployed, and

Smart Cards Vs. Smart Card Technology
Abstract
Smart Cards are portable devices used for operations on data that can be offline or online and are
mainly used in tasks that require high security. Smart cards are in a wide use and thus my study
looks deep into smart card technology along with its use in India and throughout the world. My
paper even highlights things to happen in future with the use of smart card technology. Importance
is even given to the problems and methods for the development of multipurpose smart card system
and even the main characteristics of smart chip based cards like memory management, security
purpose use, open platform smart card based tasks and portability.
1–Introduction
A smart card is a card generally made of plastic same like a credit or debit one .It consists of a
integrated microprocessor and a memory. Two ways of it exchanging data with the outside world are
via contact cards and via contactless cards that use radio frequency. To interchange information the
card is to be put in a reader (contact cards) or kept in the connection area of a contactless reader.
Smart cards do not require batteries or any power supply .Power is provided by the reader. It is
necessary for a card to have a certain microprocessor or logic for it to be called a smart card.
Security and mobility are the two main features of a smart card. The applications that are linked to a
smart card system have the major requirement of

Network Theory Information Flow Based Theory And Control...
Cyber–physical systems:–
Abstract: – Security is one of the important aspect in deciding the reliability of any system and
Cyber – Physical systems cannot be ruled out from this important issue. In this paper we investigate
the security issues in CPS, enforcing sensor network theory information flow based theory and
control theory in CPS which are the three primary approaches to system security policies and
mechanisms. In brief we will categorize attacks based on these three primary approaches and also
discuss some of the mitigations to inflate the growth of CPS in terms of security.
What is a Cyber Physical system:–
CPS is a well–integrated computational and physical process, which sense the physical world
interact with the physical world and control the entities pertaining to the physical world. It is the
amalgamation of communication computation and control. CPS perform their activities in such a
way that their behavior is constrained by the laws of physics.
According to David A Mindell, "The era of cyberspace and the internet, with its emphasis on
computer as a communication device and as a vehicle for human interactions connect to a longer
history of control systems that generated computers as networked communication device."
The commerce, entertainment and friendship these three different subjects from history has taught
us three basic lessons
1. Cyber system should be a part of systems design.
2. Cyber System is a support service that should not hinder usability

Medical Distress Alert System Using Rfid Technology Essay
MEDICAL DISTRESS ALERT SYSTEM USING RFID TECHNOLOGY
BY
OCHU EMMANUEL
Matric No: 129099008
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences,
College of Medicine,
University of Lagos,
Idi–araba, Lagos.
PROJECT REPORT
JUNE, 2015
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The rate of Mortality in the health care sector is most times caused by delayed response to patients
in the various wards of a medical centre of which an increase in the number of nurses to patients'
ratio will only have a minor effect to cushion this. therefore, a distress alert system goes a long way
in dealing with such occurrence in the health sector thereby decreasing the rate of mortality which in
turn gives a level of assurance to patients in the medical centers.
Over time electric bells are being used to establish a call link between patients and Nurses at the
Nurse stations, this is always situated at the bedside of the patient but as time went by upgrades
were being made to this based on the level of technology at different points in time. Having
substantially explored the world of Technology I came across a RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification) Technology which I feel if integrated to the medical distress alert system will go a
long way in being able avail ease to patient while the medical personnel can as well track record of
patients in the wards while a concrete database system can be actualized being updated from time to
time without stress

Introduction Of Safety Management System Essay
Chapter one: Introduction Introduction to Safety Management System (SMS): The Civil Aviation
Authority of New Zealand (CAA) provides a Safety Management System (SMS) to be implemented
by New Zealand aviation organisations which provides an organised approach of preventing the
accidents or undesirable incidents. This SMS proposed by Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand
provides complete navigation material to support part 119, 139, 145 and 172 to the Aviation
organisations in New Zealand. The SMS contains viable advice to improve the existing safety
systems and adds processes for enhanced safety results. This also provides a step–by–step process
for a systematic way to manage safety while agreeing the regulations of safety. Quality Management
System (QMS) is an already established system that exists in most New Zealand Aviation
organisations that deals with internal quality procedures of an organisation whereas Safety
Management System (SMS) adds on a risk–based approach to the procedures of an organisation.
Safety communications and publications: Communication is crucial when critical safety information
is considered in Aviation industry, both internally and externally. The Element 13 of Safety
Management System by CAA deals with communication of safety–critical information. Safety
communication is considered as one of the most important elements of SMS. Internally, this element
provides various procedures to accelerate the flow of safety information to the senior

What Is A Quadcopter?
The hardware used can be seen in figure 4. At the center of the design is the UAV body. The UAV is
an "X" style quadcopter frame with four rotors. Attached to the frame is the battery, the four ESC's,
four brushless motors, the Arduino UNO, the remote phone, and the optical LiDAR sensor.
Additionally, the other hardware pictured for the design is the cellular network tower and the host
phone, used as the remote controller. V. LTE TDD For multi–way communication from the user
cellphone to the drone cellphone, LTE networks make use of Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). Fig. 4. UAV Control via Cellular Network Block Diagram Fig.
5. Flow Diagram of Android UAV Quadcopter TDD uses different time slots ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Bunched structure struggles when the signal is jammed because all the synchronization bits are
bunched. Being that directional control of the drone is accomplished through the communication of
two distinct cellphones on a populated network, there is a delay encountered because of the TDM
method of communication. Rotor based UAV's have six degrees of freedom: three translational and
three rotational. Control of those degrees is only accomplished through changing speed in the four
independent rotor motors. In robotics and control theory, this is referred to as under–actuation,
meaning the system dynamics are nonlinear and thus extremely challenging for a human to control
[16]. Disrupting airflows caused by wind and other factors exponentially increase the level of
difficulty for complete human control. An instability not timely controlled tends toward an
unrecoverable flight. Therefore, a stabilization control algorithm is required to act real time from
onboard embedded hardware. I. TDD LTE Frequency Bands There are many frequency bands used
for LTE TDD. Because of this, the spectrum allocated for LTE varies throughout the world. The
FDD (Paired Spectrum) and TDD (Unpaired Spectrum) frequency bands continue to be developed
for use with LTE. While FDD requires two different bands, one for uplink and one for downlink,
TDD only needs a single band

Safety Management Systems In The Aviation Industry
Topic Learning Guide
Aviation Safety Systems
TOPIC 2
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Safety Management Systems in the Aviation Industry
Introduction
This topic area covers the second and third sessions. Now that some of the basic terms and concepts
associated with safety management systems and risk management have been discussed, it is
important to outline what a safety management system encompasses, and the benefits it can bring
when implemented and maintained within an organisation such as an airline. Not only must
organisations be aware of operational issues such as scheduling, crewing, and administration, but all
staff members must be made aware of the importance of implementing measures to identify,
analyse, and monitor safety ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Flight Safety Foundation, 2002, Flight Safety Foundation organizational chart,
http://www.flightsafety.org [accessed January 2002] GAIN Programme, 2000, Operators Flight
Safety Handbook, ASFA Safety Management Program Resource Pack. Maurino, D., Reason, J.,
Johnston, N. and Lee, R. 1995, Beyond Aviation Human Factors, Avebury Aviation, England
Aviation Safety Systems
References
Mein, D.T.E. 2001, Employing safety management systems as part of a performance–based
regulatory regime, Air Traffic Management, July/August, pp. 22–26 Nav Canada, 2001, Corporate
Safety Plan 2001–2002, http://www.navcanada.ca [accessed January 2002] O'Connor Airlines, 1999,
OASIS Fieldbook; Airmanship Resource Management, Operations Manual OFB–005, Australia
Reason, J. 1998, Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents, Ashgate, England Royal
Aeronautical Society, 2002, About the RAeS, http://www.raes.org.uk [accessed January 2002] Shell
Group of Companies, 1999, Aviation Safety Management Policy, Shell International Limited,
London Wood, R.H. 1997, Aviation Safety Program; A Management Handbook, Snohomish,
Washington

Resources
ADDITIONAL READINGS http://www.scaleplus.gov.au – all Australian legislation, as well as
court case results are available on this site in full.
Assessment Progress
The information presented within this session, as well as the handouts, are the foundation for the
first assessment. The

Effective Performance Management With The Balanced...
Effective Performance Management with the Balanced Scorecard Technical Report
Writers: Liz Murby Stathis Gould
CIMA CIMA
CIMA gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Gary Ashworth, Philip Barden, Peter Brewer,
Gavin Lawrie, Bernard Marr, Professor Bob Scapens, Dr Mostafa Jazayeri–Dezfuli, and Francesco
Zingales. Contact: liz.murby@cimaglobal.com Copyright © CIMA 2005 First published in 2005 by:
The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants 26 Chapter Street London SW1P 4NP Printed
in Great Britain The publishers of this document consider that it is a worthwhile contribution to
discussion, without necessarily sharing the views expressed. No responsibility for loss occasioned to
any person acting or refraining from action ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
27 7.2 Public sector: Health Action Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Appendices
1. The value dynamics framework at Dell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2. The Business
Modelling Approach's 'if–then matrices'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3. The Business Modelling
Approach's implementation questionnaire . . . . . 37 References and further information sources . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2
Effective Performance Management
Introduction
To manage and deploy organisational resources in such a way as to deliver and fulfil organisational
objectives is a vital role of senior finance and management professionals. Many tools, techniques
and frameworks have evolved to assist managers in this: value–based management, total quality
management, the performance prism, and more.
This report focuses on one such framework: the balanced scorecard. Of the tools designed to
improve corporate performance, the balanced scorecard has probably been the most popular.
Originally developed as a performance measurement tool, the scorecard is now associated
increasingly with strategy implementation. It acts as a management framework with the potential to
identify and exploit organisations' key value drivers to their best strategic advantage. This report

considers the more recent developments in scorecard thinking, in particular the key role of strategy
mapping. It outlines

Information Tech
September 11, 2013 By Timothy Hale, U.S. Army Reserve Command Chief Warrant Officer 5
Phyllis J. Wilson, the U.S. Army Reserve command chief warrant officer, shared what she sees as
the top five qualities: strong character, strong leadership skills, technical savvy, across the board
competence, and the capacity to be a counselor, adviser and mentor. "We want some of the best
NCOs to come into the Army warrant officer corps," Wilson said. "You've got to be extremely good
at your skill set: being a strong leader and knowing your technical skills so you can advise –– the
same things that the rest of the Army leadership talks about." She said the competence a warrant
officer must have is not only the technical aspect of their MOS, but ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
6. Pass the commissioning physical for technical specialties or the Class 1 (warrant officer
candidate) flight physical for Aviators. 7. All applicants must have 12 months remaining on their
enlistment contract. 8. Active Federal Service (AFS): All applicants must have 12 years of AFS or
less prior to their packet being boarded. Applicants must submit an AFS waiver request with the
application if they have 12 or more years of AFS. 9. Age Requirements: For 153A, 33rd birthday or
less prior to their packet being boarded. For all other WO MOS', – 46th birthday or less prior to
their packet being boarded. Applicants must submit an Age waiver request with the application if
they exceed the age requirements specified. All documents should be single–sided copies and in the
following order: | Name: ________________________________________ | Board Packet (These
copies should be clean and neat in appearance–they will make up your board | packet being
reviewed for your selection): | ___ DA Form 61 (with valid HT/WT and APFT statement, signed as
shown on the web site example) | ___ Senior Warrant Officer Letter of Recommendation (CW3–
CW5) | ___ Company Commander Letter of recommendation (or applicable Company Grade UCMJ
authority) | ___ Battalion Commander Letter of recommendation (or applicable Field Grade UCMJ
authority) | ___ Resume (USAREC Form 1935) | ___ ERB or equivalent document (used to verify
DOB, GT, AFS, and ETS) |

Mobile Technology Pros And Cons
T he current market for UAV control software lacks flexibility for long range flights with collision
avoidance capabilities. There is currently no consumer available option for BVLOS besides wide
range Wi–Fi
communication networks. Although Wi–Fi is capable of sending and receiving very large packets of
data, it has several physical limitations when used for UAV control. The main limitation is the lack
of infrastructure outside of business campuses and test areas. Thus the ability for long distance
flights are not easily obtained. A practical solution to this problem is designing a system for UAV
control and collision avoidance that is capable of using the existing cellular LTE network
infrastructure for BVLOS. The use of cellular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There have been successful BVLOS UAV flights using 4G LTE cellular networks where flight
controllers were able to remotely operate a UAV from a distance of more than 60 miles with full
control [7]. During the flight, the operator was able to view a live video feed, as well as have full
control of the camera [7]. The use of cellular technology for UAV flight allows for operation from
virtually anywhere around the world [7]. Cellular networks allow for continuous controlled flight in
a BVLOS scenario, making its technology a very attractive solution. Although this area of UAV
technology has many advantages, it also comes with its share of problems. Researchers have
experienced issues with loss of cell coverage, package delay, and significant packet loss [8], [9].
Our project aims to eliminate or avoid these issues by testing and designing the algorithm to be
robust enough, yet light enough to navigate these low coverage areas. Existing coverage maps such
as the one in figure 1, provide guidelines for where cellular network coverage can be obtained in
order to avoid losing coverage and cause the communication system to fail.
Additionally, UAV collision avoidance methods and algorithms are also currently being researched,
including visual and sensory systems that have been used with varying results [10], [5]. Every
collision avoidance system can typically be divided into two main components: the

Nextgen
What is NextGen? NextGen is not just one particular project or aspect. Instead, it is a wide range of
changes improvements, and implementations created by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
and its partners that are designed to improve and make air travel more efficient and safer today and
in the years to come. NextGen has the ability to save air carriers money by reducing fuel costs via
shortened and more direct routes.
NextGen is the overall modernization of the National Airspace System (NAS) that provides benefits
to the air carrier and to the consumers/passengers in that it allows for flights to depart on–time,
arrive on–time (or ahead of schedule), decreases the EPA emissions, thus helping to save the
environment, and allows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of multiple systems "talking" to one another, all systems will interface with SWIM, which
will then disseminate the information as applicable to the user requesting it, as seen in Figure 2. For
an example, when a user interfaces with an application appropriate to their role in the airspace
system, e.g., controller, dispatcher, pilot, or maintenance coordinator. Each user identifies themself
to the system through the application or through a centralized system sign–on. That user's ability to
access SWIM–based applications and data is then controlled by the role–based limits imposed on
that user through SWIM (Meserole & Moore,

Description Of A Flight Recorder
1. Introduction It is very difficult, when an accident occurs during a flight to determine precisely
what happened for several reasons:  Most of the time, during a flight, an aircraft is not in an
environment where people cannot testimony what they saw (over water, high in the sky ...)  When
the aircraft crashes, it is often in an area difficult to access (open sea, on a mountain, ...)  When the
aircraft is ready to be examined, after being recovered from a difficult crash area or after a potential
fire has been extinguished, the pieces are frequently severely damaged. To be able to retrace what
happened during the last moments of the flight of the aircraft, before an accident or incident, a flight
recorder has been developed. The information collected by this flight recorder can help the
investigation teams to understand what happened even when the aircraft is badly damaged or even
impossible to use to find answers. But developing a flight recorder is not simple precisely because it
has to withstand a severe accident. When an extreme fire starts after a crash for example, the flight
recorder has to stay in good conditions until it is recovered by someone on the crash site. Therefore,
regulations, certifications and standards have been made to ensure that this element in the aircraft
has all the required properties. Nowadays, the flight recorder has an increasing role to play in
investigations of accidents because of the number of passengers that can be carried on a

English As A Global Language
HM6206 – World Englishes – Question One, English as a Global Language Caitlin Leslie –
s1203568 In a public poll on debate.org the question 'Should English Be The World Language' was
posed, as of the date of access (10.12.2014) the figures stood at 53% saying 'yes' and the remaining
47% voting 'no'. The justification for voting 'no' all seems to stem from a lack of diversity, removal
of culture and the difficulty of enforcing such a regulation. Those who placed a 'yes' vote went on to
reason that English was already on its way and that it was an easy language to learn and gave
shocking disregard for non–native speakers of the language. It seems to be that the vast majority of
those in favour of making English a global language are already native speakers of it
(http://www.debate.org/opinions/should–english–be–the–world–language). In order to predict the
possible futures for English as a global language it is imperative we look back in history, the
formation of the language, the spread of the language. Which social, political and economic factors
meant English would thrive and others would fall behind. The very fabric of life is embedded in
pattern and the rise and fall of languages is no different, applying the systems that we've seen in the
past to modern day will enable us to extrapolate the future paths of languages across the planet far
into our social future. In 1922 when the British Empire was at its height it covered a quarter of the
land mass on Earth, populating

The Boeing Company: Strategic Audit...
THE BOEING COMPANY: STRATEGIC AUDIT I. CURRENT SITUATION A. Current
Performance Boeing performance has been outstanding for the past few years. Their Return on
investment rose from three percent to 6 percent from 1998 to 1999, but it did drop to five percent in
2000. In 1996 Airbus claimed 42% of the market share, while Boeing had 64%. Boeing is looking at
falling below the 50% mark. Boeing's profits have been doing quite well. They have risen
drastically in the past few years, which can be seen in the profitability ratios. Boeing is doing fine
when it comes to profitability, even though they have dropped slightly since 1999.
B. Strategic Posture Mission "People working together as one global company for Aerospace
Leadership." Objectives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Office of the Chairman is responsible for the overall operation of the Company and
implementing the policies set by the Board of Directors (Elliott 34). See Appendix B for the names
and positions of top managers.
The Strategy Council considers major strategic and policy issues, including mergers and
acquisitions. It is made up of nine members: Chairman and CEO, Chief Financial Officer, Chief
People and Administration Officer, three senior executives from Boeing's two largest business units
(Boeing Commercial Airplanes BCA and Information, Space and Defense Systems ISDS), the
General Counsel, the Senior Vice President for Washington, D.C. Operations, and the Senior Vice
President for Communications.
III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A. Societal Environment Economic Opportunities George W.
Bush has been elected as the new President of the United States. One of his goals is to implement a
tax–relief program that will help stimulate consumer spending (Bush). This could increase the
amount of air traffic if consumers choose to spend this unexpected income on travel. This could then
boost airline revenues and allow for more completed purchases on Boeing's commercial aircraft.
Threats The defense budget of the United States has been declining. Since the end of the Cold War,
the United States has revised its military strategies. The Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991 rendered

Description Of The Flight Recorder Systems
The parameters that are mandatory and those that are only recommended depend of the type of the
aircraft.
ICAO – A8 – 2.2.2.6 Type IA FDR
This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the 78 parameters in
Table A8–1
ICAO – A8 – 2.2.2.7 Type I FDR.
This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the first 32
parameters in Table A8–1.
Table giving the parameters to record, the required precision and frequency (Extract)
Tests for crash protected devices
The manufacturers have to ensure to the authorities that their systems will be still usable even after a
crash. Therefore they have to demonstrate its reliability in extreme case through tests and
certifications.
ICAO – A8 – 1.3 The flight recorder systems, when tested by methods approved by the appropriate
certificating authority, shall be demonstrated to be suitable for the environmental extremes over
which they are designed to operate.
1.5 The manufacturer shall provide the appropriate certificating authority with the following
information in respect of the flight recording systems:
a) manufacturer's operating instructions, equipment limitations and installation procedures;
b) Parameter origin or source and equations which relate counts to units of measurement; and
c) Manufacturer's test reports
The tests are supposed to simulate a crash of the aircraft so it has to be submitted to intense
solicitations. To assure that the conditions are

Qa & Aviation Safety
Name: Pinto, Rafael A. Date: 07/25/12 Activity 9.9 – Aeronautical Science Perspective Paper
Aviation Safety and Quality Assurance Despite having an enviable safety record, the aviation
industry is under constant pressure to drive down accident rates. Air accidents damage consumer
confidence and inhibit the growth of the industry. When it comes to flying, the word safety is
mentioned constantly. Shortage of qualified professionals, ageing of aircraft's fleet and
environmental concerns are some of the challenges faced by today's aviation. The primary goal of
the aviation industry is to maintain airplane and helicopter safety standards and protect the interests
of the mechanics, flight ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The QA (or FOQA) concept is the prevention of occurrence of defects. The principle of prevention
is that it is necessary to preclude maintenance failure. This principle extends to safety of personnel,
maintenance of equipment, and virtually every aspect of the total maintenance and flight operations.
Prevention is about regulating events rather than being r regulated by them.. Flight operations
quality assurance (FOQA) is the process of collecting and analyzing data from flights to improve
safety and efficiency of flight operations. FOQA is used to reveal operational situations in which
risk is increased in order to enable early corrective action before that risk results in an incident or
accident Data is retrieved from the flight recorder and categorized. Then, the data is sent to be
analyzed. The analysis is usually done by software. After the data analysis is done, the manager will
contact the appropriate airline or pilot association and place the necessary corrections in place.
Lastly, all the flight operations will be watched to ensure safety protocols are being followed and
any discrepancies being reported. For the maintenance department, QA will readily pinpoint
problems which managers can use to improve the quality and reliability of the total maintenance,
work environment, tools and equipment use, eliminate unnecessary man–hour and dollar
expenditures, improve training, work habits, and

Future Air Transportation System Essay
2.2 FUTURE AIR NAVIGATION SYSTEMS (FANS) : 2.2.1 Introduction to FANS Future Air
Navigation Systems (FANS) is a concept that was developed by the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) in partnership with Boeing, Airbus, Honeywell and others in the air transport
industry to allow more aircraft to safely and efficiently utilize a given volume of airspace. Today
FANS is used primarily in the oceanic regions taking advantage of both satellite communication and
satellite navigation to effectively create a virtual RADAR environment for safe passage of aircraft.
FANS play a key role in supporting many of the evolving CNS/ATM (Communication–Navigation–
Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management) strategies. Today, FANS–1 is the standard used on Boeing
aircraft and Airbus standard for FANS is known as FANS–A. Both standards are considered first
generation FANS architecture. Figure 2(d): FANS architecture The following is a closer look at the
FANS requirements from an LRU (Line Replacement Unit) perspective. The Flight Management
System (FMS) will receive a comprehensive software load that should include the following
components (if not already a part of the previous software loads): RNP–RNAV – Required
Navigation Performance standards are necessary to maintain the navigation performance in the
particular oceanic region that supports FANS. The upgrade involves adding RNP software and
display of RNP status on the CDU or MCDU (Multi

Stress And Its Effects On The Mind, Body, And Environment
Stress can be defined in a number of ways and is experienced differently by each individual. Stress
is natural, a physiological response involving a complex interaction between the mind, body, and
environment. Stress is not fundamentally negative, people need a certain amount in their everyday
lives to maintain function. An optimal level of stress stimulates an individual to stay alert and
perform at a desired level. Ideally, stress enables us to take action by stimulating our sympathetic
nervous system and improving our mental focus. If we become too relaxed or subjected to too little
stress, we can become less motivated and less prepared for physical action. This type of situation
also impedes our ability to respond appropriately to any given situations. Opposite of too little
stress, when we encounter too much stress our body becomes overwhelmed and we lose our
superior mental stance (The American Institute for Cognitive Therapy, 2009). There are three kinds
of stress–producing factors affecting the way humans cognitively perform. Objective factors refer to
those naturally stressful situations, to include both negative and positive events. It is imperative to
understand that the degree in which a person experiences stress becomes individualized over time,
primarily caused by an array of subjective factors. Subjective factors are indicated by our own
personal thoughts and how we determine whether or not something is stressful and to what extent
we experience that

The Marine Air Ground Task Force
On the basis of United States Code, Title 10, and joint doctrine, the Marine Corps, in coordination
and cooperation with the Navy, has made logistical self–sufficiency an essential element of the
Marine Air–Ground Task Force (MAGTF) expeditionary warfighting capabilities. This means that
the Marine Corps' logistics mission, at all commands and support levels, is to generate MAGTFs
that are rapidly deployable, self–reliant, self–sustaining, and flexible and that can rapidly
reconstitute (Logistics Operations, 1999). While the Marine Corps is unmatched in its ability to be
the most rapid responding force across the globe, a deficiency exists that should be addressed. Over
the past decade, there have been numerous successful innovations in ground and aviation logistics,
but they have lacked in standardization or integration within the MAGTF. Emerging operating
concepts such as disaggregated MAGTF operations and seabasing, along with current fiscal
constraints, are driving the need to further modernize and integrate MAGTF logistics in order to
optimize support to the warfighter (Borrelli & Hodge, 2013). Independently, the logistical concepts
and systems that exist for the ground elements and the aviation elements are proven to be effective
and efficient, however, when the aviation and ground elements work in concert the response of
logistical support is hindered. This paper will offer possible solutions to close the logistics gap
between the Marines Corps' aviation and

Human Factors in Aviation
JAR 66 Module 9Exam Practice Exam
Module 9
This is exam number 1.
1. Accidents and engineering faults are
a) insignificant and increasing
b)insignificant and decreasing
c) significant and increasing
Answer:c
2. Information on drugs and alcohol can be found in
a) AWN 3
b)AWN 47
c) BCARs
Answer:b
3. 70 – 80% of the total focusing ability of the eye is carried out by the a) iris
b)lens
c) cornea
Answer:c
4. At what distance should a person without hearing difficulties be able to hear an average
conversational voice in a quiet room
a) 1 metre (3 feet)
b)2 metres (6 feet)
c) 3 metres (9 feet
Answer:b
5. If you have been prescribed new medicine by your doctor you should
a) continue with your normal shift pattern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When someone is working in an enclosed space (such a fuel tank), another person should be outside
the space in constant communication to
a) ensure compliance with the maintenance manual

b)provide instructions to the tradesman
c) for safety reasons
Answer:c
4. An engineer who has developed his own way of performing a task
a) is in regular violation
b)should be commended for his resourcefulness
c) is improving maintenance efficiency
Answer:a
5. The circadian cycle body temperature
a) varies by 1.5oF
b)varies by 1.5oC
c) does not vary
Answer:a
6. The aim of human factors programs within an organizations is
a) to reduce costs by increasing efficiency, safety and quality and decreasing waste through human
error
b)to optimize the relationship between maintenance personnel and systems with a view to
improving safety, efficiency and well–being
c) to safeguard the health and safety of maintenance personnel by reducing accidents in the
workplace
Answer:b
7. The scientific study of measurements of the human body is known as
a) anthropometrics
b)ergonomics
c) physiology
Answer:a
8. The SHEL model of human factors takes into account
a) Software, hardware, efficiency and liveware
b)Software, hardware, environment and liveware
c) Software, hardware, environment and location
Answer:b
9. How long can the aural reflex

Report On Cellular Systems And Computer Science
Report on Cellular Technology
Submitted by,
Ganesh Babu kavuri
Under the guidance,
Bijan Karimi Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Tailgate School of
Engineering University of New Haven
Serial# Topics
1. Objective
2. Cellular Concepts and basics
3. Cellular system Architecture
4. Multiple Access schemes for cellular system
5. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
6. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
7. Single Carrier– Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC–FDMA)
8. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
9. TDMA Frame
10. TDMA Evolution
11. Global System for Mobile (GSM)
12. GSM Network Architecture
13. Interim Standard–136
14. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
15. TDD FDD Duplex Schemes
16. Cellular handoff
17. Summary
18. References
OBJECTIVE
Cellular systems are widely used today and cellular technology needs to offer very efficient use of
the available frequency spectrum. With billions of mobile phones in use around the globe today.
Cellular refers to a network technology that facilitates mobile device communication over areas
comprised of cells and transceivers, which are also known as base stations or cell sites. In a cellular
network, the most widely used mobile transceivers are mobile phones, or cell phones.

Cfi Oral Plan of Action
CFI–I Oral Plan of Action
Objective:
Discussion of the elements related to Basic fundamentals of Fundamentals of Instruction, Technical
Subject Areas, Preflight Planning.
Contents:
Fundamentals of Instruction
Review
Certificates and Documents Airworthiness Requirements
Weather Information
IFR Cross–Country Flight Planning
National Airspace
Technical Subject Areas
Regulations and Publications
Operations of Systems
Aeromedical
Aircraft Systems, Flight Instruments, and Navigational equipment
Instrument Cockpit Check
Air Traffic Control Clearances
Lost Communications
Schedule: FOI 0:15 Review 0:45 Technical subject areas 1:00
Equipment:
Dry erase board, markers, Pilot Operating Handbook (POH), ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
* IFR Cross–Country Flight Planning * Regulatory requirements for instrument flight within
various types of airspace. * Computation of estimated time en route and total fuel requirement for
an IFR cross–country flight. * Selection and correct interpretation of the current and applicable en
route charts, RNAV, DPs, STARs, and standard instrument approach procedure charts (IAP). *
Procurement and interpretation of the applicable NOTAM information. * Completes and files an
IFR flight plan that accurately reflects the conditions of the proposed flight. (Does not have to be
filed with ATC.) * Demonstrates adequate knowledge of GPS and RAIM capability, when aircraft is
so equipped. * National Airspace System

Technical Subject Areas * Regulations and Publications Related to IFR Operations * 14 CFR parts
61, 71, 91, 95, and 97. * FAA–H–8083–15, Instrument Flying Handbook. * Aeronautical
Information Manual. * Practical Test Standards. * Airport Facility Directory. * Standard Instrument
Departures/Terminal Arrivals. * En Route Charts. * Standard Instrument Approach Procedure
Charts. * Operations of Systems * Primary flight controls and trim * Flaps, leading edge devices,
and spoilers * Powerplant and propeller * Landing gear * Fuel, oil, and hydraulic * Electrical *
Avionics * Pitot static,

Reducing Weather Related Accidents

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