Nao Nagle Research Paper

Nao Nagle Research Paper
Nano Nagle was born in 1718, Country Cork, Republic of Ireland and died on April 26, 1784. Nano
Nagle founded the Presentation Sister of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Ireland and was also a pioneer
of Catholic education in Ireland. In this essay I will give an overview of the life of Nano Nagle, the
significant events, her achievements and sacrifices and the hardships Nano endured. I will also
discuss how Nano Nagle responded to the needs of the faithful and how the key messages of Nagle,
inspired and empowered others to respond to the needs of the faithful. Paragraph 1: Nano Nagle was
the eldest of six children. She lived in a period of Irish history when the English imposed the Penal
laws. This meant that the Irish were oppressed. They were denied the right to own property and to
be educated. The parliamentarian Edmund Burke said the object of the law was to "reduce Catholics
in Ireland to a miserable populace, without property, without estimation and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
When her uncle died, he left her a large sum of money, which she devoted to building schools,
providing relief for the poor and the unwell. All of this was done in secrecy at first despite the law,
but even the authorities were seeing the benefit in Nano Nagle's charitable nature. Nagle founded
her first school in 1754 and by 1757 she had opened seven schools, five for girls and two for boys.
This gave the children a basic education and religious teaching. Nagle then began to visit the sick
and the elderly after school, bringing them food, medicine and hope. Nagle opened homes for aged
women and began running adult classes. In 1775 she founded the Society of Charitable Instruction
of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and also founded the first Presentation convent in Cork. She received
the habit on 29 June 1776and took her first vowels in
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Address The Inequality Of Children's Education In Northern...
General Disposition
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) was formed on May 1, 1707 and
consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The four countries are
united by the monarch and the government. The UK was one of the United Nations' (UN) 51
original members, being admitted on October 24, 1945.
The UK's education system plays an important role in reducing poverty amongst those residing in
any one of the countries. Education also promotes democracy, peace, tolerance, development, and
economic growth. Education must be child centered, empowering, and must include life skills, as
well.
Addressing the Inequality of Children's Education The inequality in children's education in the UK
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It makes children vulnerable to disease and malnutrition to violence and exploitation. 1 in 10
children, approximately 230 million children, live in countries affected by conflict, while 20 million
children are displaced due to ongoing disputes. Around 28 million children are not educated because
of armed conflict. Many MPs warn that Britain's international standing on humanitarian work is at
stake because UK has not created a basic strategy to help children affected by war, the UK has failed
to meet its moral and political obligation to tens of millions of children caught up in conflict zones
across the world. Yet, the UK has contributed £1 billion to aid Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan.
£100 million package was sent to Syria and £40 million was sent to the region surrounding Syria.
Lebanon's support will include psychosocial consultations for children and safe spaces for children
which will offer a place to play, study, and spend the

The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian Friel’s...
The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian Friel's Translations
Regarded by many as Brian Friel's theatrical masterpiece, Seamus Deane described Translations as
"a sequence of events in history which are transformed by his writing into a parable of events in the
present day" (Introduction 22). The play was first produced in Derry in 1980. It was the first
production by Field Day, a cultural arts group founded by Friel and the actor Stephen Rea, and
associated with Deane, Seamus Heaney and Tom Paulin.
As Deane asserts, the play is in many respects an intelligent and enlightening metaphor for the
situation in Northern Ireland. The aims of raising cultural awareness and dispelling socio–political
apathy in the North were central to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This culminated in the Rebellion of 1798, lead by Wolfe Tone and the Society of United Irishmen, in
which Hugh and Jimmy participated: "The road to Sligo. A spring morning. 1798. Going into battle"
(445). But, as these characters soon discovered, the rebellion failed resulting in large executions and
the passing of the Act of Union in 1800. This piece of legislation, effective from 1 January 1801,
brought Ireland under the direct rule of the British Crown.
1823 saw the rise of Daniel O'Connell (the only real person mentioned in the play), a disillusioned
veteran of 1798 who founded the Catholic Association. O'Connell campaigned for better civil rights
and social conditions for the Irish people, hence Maire reporting that he said "We should all be
learning to speak English" (399). O'Connell believed that it was necessary to use the English
language in order to allow Ireland to progress in a quickly modernising Western world. In 1829, due
to his efforts in Parliament, the Catholic Emancipation Act came into force overturning the penal
laws.
It was at this juncture, when the play takes place, that Britain began to make deeper inroads to Irish
society and culture. An attempt to colonise the mind and the people as opposed to conquering land
through brute force. Translations is Friel's vehicle for representing methods central to the colonial
discourse of Imperialist aspirations. In the foreground of the play

Irish Literature And Rebellion Essay
Irish Literature and Rebellion
In the heart of every Irishman hides a poet, burning with nationalistic passion for his beloved
Emerald Isle. It is this same passion, which for centuries, Great Britain has attempted to snuff out of
the Catholics of Ireland with tyrannical policies and the hegemony of the Protestant religion.
Catholics were treated like second–class citizens in their native home. Centuries of oppression
churned in the hearts of the Irish and came to a boil in the writings and literature of the sons and
daughters of Ireland. The Literary Renaissance of Ireland produced some of the greatest writers the
world has seen. John O'Leary said it best, "literature must be national and nationalism must ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, he was troubled at the thought that his pen could be the cause of war. Although he was
politically active, his focus was more on the cultural and literary realms than on a violent rebellion
"At the end of his life he was still wondering if his early writing had helped to seed the rising, to
'send out / Certain men the English shot' ("The Man and the Echo, lines 11–12")" (DLB 19, 420). [I
was unable to find a copy of "The Man and the Echo" in print so I downloaded and from the internet
and have attached it.] He goes on further to question how because of his poems, he has caused the
destruction of homes and families, "Could my spoken words have checked / There whereby a house
lay wrecked?" (The Man and the Echo, line 15–16). Yeats considers himself responsible for the
death of his friends and others family. He is disappointed that his ink could be the reason for
bloodshed.
The "rising" that Yeats is talking about is the Easter Rising of 1916. On April 24, 1916, a group of
Irishmen that called themselves the Irish Republican Brotherhood led by Padraic Pearse and James
Connolly's Ctizen Army, posted the Declaration of the Republic on the door of the General Post
Office in Dublin and declared Ireland a free country. [I have also attached a copy of the Declaration
of the Republic for reference.] Unfortunately, although anticipated by the nationalist's leadership,
the British Troops quickly suppressed the rebellion and the

The Catholic Church in Developing the Identity of The...
The Republic of Ireland cannot be adequately examined without including the large role played by
the Catholic Church in political development and policy making. The Catholic Church has validated
itself as an influential institution since the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169. The original intent of
the invasion served to spread the papacy, and with Ireland, the Church would come to achieve
arguably the most Catholic country to exist in the world. The Republic of Ireland evolved through
many centuries in order to achieve a true Irish State. The Anglo–Irish War proved significant in
achieving the latter goal by ridding the southern sector of Ireland from the centuries of grueling
oppressive rule and discrimination under Great Britain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
372). The Irish Republic Army, the IRA, was formed from 73 of the 105 Irish representatives that
held seats in the Westminster Parliament (Gray, 2008). This organization in turn created an illegal
Irish Parliament, the Dail Elreann, whom declared war on Britain that initiated the Anglo–Irish War.
The Irish Republic Army maintained two clear goals they were looking to achieve from the onset of
the war. The provisional government desired a complete separation from British rule in addition to
creating an Irish Republic free of any other influence (Gray, 2008, p. 376). The war illustrates the
birth of "modern guerilla war[fare]" which in the end arguably produced survivors in place of
winners (Gray, 2008, p. 371). Although the war ends diplomatically in favor of the Irish provisional
government, the newly established Ireland lacked unity primarily due to arguments over the treaty
they reluctantly signed. The continuous strive for religious freedom and ultimate desire for a united
Irish state, while an ideological goal, proved contradicting. Since the Northern counties of the Irish
territory were primarily protestant and heavily influenced by the Church of England it proposed a
problem of true unity, since the Southern counties of Ireland were overwhelmingly traditional
Catholics. Evidence exists for both religious freedom and Irish

Global Public Health Treaty Of The Republic Of Ireland,...
Introduction
"Smoking kills. If you 're killed, you 've lost a very important part of your life." The wise words of
Brooke Shields. Though questionably phrased, Ms. Shields gets right to the heart of matters.
Tobacco smoking kills almost half of its regular partakers, with one person dying every six seconds
from tobacco–related causes (WHO, 2014). It is one of the world's most devastating health threats
and nations across the world are working to combat its effects in a number of manners, most
particularly in the form of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). This report will
include a general overview of the FCTC and examine the implementation of its policies in Australia,
the Republic of Ireland, China and Brazil. It will also include a brief overview of the smoking status
of each of these countries.
The FCTC
The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was devised in 2003 and
inaugurated in the February of 2005. The global public health treaty was the first of its kind,
attracting the signatures of 168 countries. The convention's aims are stated as "...to protect present
and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental and economic
consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke." (WHO, 2003). It requires
participating countries to implement multisectoral measures related to a wide range of areas such as
packaging, advertising, taxation and education. Ratified countries enter into a legally binding

Protestant and Catholic Troubles in Ireland
The troubles emerged as the result of several years of the escalating incidents between Catholics and
Protestants in Northern Ireland. The troubles have been protracted and costly in every sense of the
world. From the first civil rights marches in 1968 till the signing of The Good Friday Agreement in
1998, 3,500 people died and over 35,000 were injured in Northern Ireland as the direct result of the
aggressive violence , rebellion, bombings, murders, and terror tactics. The Catholic and Protestant
troubles and conflicts had a significantly impact on Ireland. This serious issue had impacted the
lives of individuals and families that took place or witness the gruesome events that the troubles had
causes, the political change and reform of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the Protestant side the Ulster Defence Association and others terrorized the Catholic population.
The violence that lasted for over three decades known as the Troubles has considerably impacted
and affected the lives of all ages, during the Troubles sixty percent of deaths were due to the
Republican military, twenty percent of deaths were due to the loyalists, ten percent of deaths were
due to the British Army, and two percent of deaths were due to the police. Johnson, Wesley
(Statistics of Deaths in the Troubles in Ireland). Restating that over 3,500 people had died and over
35,000 were injured, it was estimated that 103 people were killed under the age of seventeen during
the troubles, an estimated that 150 children under the age of fourteen were either killed or injured
during the troubles. The Troubles had immensely impacted the lives of children in Northern Ireland;
studies suggest intense and severe childhood experiences as a result of political motivated violence,
which even effected children's development and general sense of wellbeing, even today this is a
difficult thing to scale. It is also said that the children of Ireland lived in the most deprived regions
in the United Kingdom due to the rise in family poverty. Mental health was also greatly affected by
the violence the Troubles had caused. A study was conducted, assessing people aged sixteen to
sixty–four about their mental health,

Cultural Analysis For Doing Business
Abstract
This paper will present a Cultural Analysis for doing Business in Ireland. This paper will answer
four main questions, while adding additional information and insight to the nation of Ireland.
Among reading this paper, the reader should be able to understand Ireland's culture, how people in
Ireland conduct business, how U.S. and Ireland compare in business, and the implications for U.S.
businesses that wish to conduct business in Ireland. These research questions were tackled using
scholarly articles found through the Internet and Liberty Online Library Database. While conducting
this research, a long period was spent reading through the articles to find points of relevance to this
paper, while adding some unique attributes to this paper as well. Anyone wishing to conduct
business in Ireland, want to find out about Irish people, or have an interest in traveling to Ireland,
will learn all they need to know while reading through this paper.
Keywords: Ireland, culture, business, U.S.
Global Business Cultural Analysis: Ireland Ireland is a little, autonomous nation situated in
northwestern Europe. The nation 's official name is the Republic of Ireland. Dublin is the capital and
biggest city. The nation possesses around five–sixths of the island of Ireland. The staying one–6th of
the island is possessed by Northern Ireland, which is a piece of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland.
In Gaelic, the antiquated dialect of

History Of Ireland And Its Impact On The Country
In the history of Ireland, religion is one the most important factors in what has shaped the country. A
predominately catholic country, Ireland has had religion as a staple in how their political parties,
social movements, education and overall life are governed. The church dictated what was considered
acceptable and were not afraid of shaming members of communities into doing what the church
wanted. It also controlled the societal roles for men, women and children. All of the categories that
the church played a role in had lasting effects and are what shaped what we now see as the Republic
of Ireland. The areas that I think were effected the most and are the most important are gender
equality and roles as well as education. With how close the church is and was intertwined with these
topics is a huge portion of the country's history, one that may not be as well told due to the control
the church has over so many aspects of life. The goal of this research is to thoroughly explore the
history and provide analysis on how this has affected modern Ireland in the fields of gender and
education The history of religion in Ireland is difficult to digest because of how many aspects of life
the church monopolized and controlled for the communities. According to the book Moral
Monopoly: The Rise and Fall of the Catholic Church in Modern Ireland, in 1961 93.5 percent of the
population was Roman Catholic and by 1991, the percentage had dropped slightly to 91.6 percent
(Inglis 19). The

The Catholic Church Essay
Introduction
3. Religion in Ireland
Inglis (2007) believed that the Catholic Church was once the backbone of strong cohesive family
networks and community structures that created a sense of belonging and identity in Ireland . It
provided the Irish people with a certain comfort and solace and its teachings were central to the way
Irish people thought. Irish Catholics were deeply spiritual people who once devoted their lives to the
Church (inglis 2007).
(Giddens, 2010) states religion is necessary and functional for human societies, not because it offers
realistic or 'true' answers to the mysteries of the universe, but because it brings together
communities of worshippers and constantly recreates social bonds and thus strengthens solidarity.
Many people believe that Ireland is, in some official way, a Catholic country. While Catholics are,
by a mile, the largest religious grouping in Ireland, there is no reference at all in the Irish
Constitution to Catholicism (IHRC, 2011)
There are references to religion in the constitution, right from its opening line: "In the Name of the
Most Holy Trinity, from whom is all authority and to whom, as our final end, all actions both of men
and States must be referred". Religious belief is acknowledged: "The State acknowledges that the
homage of public worship is due to Almighty God." However there is no reference to the Catholic
Church, no religious body is given preference over any other and in fact the constitution goes on to
state in

Anita Groener vs. the Minister for Education and the City...
SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDY The case study is presenting a lawsuit of Anita Groener, who
is suing Minister for Education (hereinafter referred as 'the Minister') and the City of Dublin –
Vocational Educational Committee (hereinafter referred as 'the Education Committee'). The charge
was based on the free movement of workers, more specific, knowledge of an official language of the
host country. Mrs. Groener was a Netherlands' national, who wanted to work as a full–time art
teacher. The origin of the dispute was the Minister's refusal to appoint Mrs. Groener to a permanent
full–time post as an art teacher employed by the Education Committee after she had failed a test,
intended to asses her knowledge of the Irish language. Minister's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I think that if a person would like to work or teach in Ireland and if the knowledge of the Irish
Language is not required for the performance of the teaching duties, he or she should get a full–time
job. Not every Irish person can speak the Irish language, why should foreigners have to learn it? The
Irish courses are compulsory for children receiving primary education and optional for those
receiving secondary education. I think this can be the case of an indirect discrimination. If the
government wants to protect their heritage, they can do the same thing Slovenia did, when we were
in Yugoslavia. The large part of the country spoke Serbian–Croatian language and that is why
Slovenians had to learn it at school. A lot of literature was written in Serbian–Croatian language, the
military officers spoke Serbian–Croatian, so we had to adjust to the circumstances and learn a
language, which was foreign to us. However, Slovenia and the Republic of Macedonia were the only
two states, who did not have only Serbian–Croatian as an official language; they also had their own
language, which was the first official language of the state. Comparing to Ireland, nevertheless,
there was no problem for a Serb to work in Slovenia, even though he could not speak Slovene, for
Serbian–Croatian was acknowledged as a second official language. Slovenia became independent in
the year 1991, so Slovene became the only official language. I think that the way things

The Rise of Irish Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century Essay
Discuss the significance of the political developments within revolutionary and constitutional Irish
nationalism from the period 1798 to 1867
Word count 1592
The nineteenth century was a revolutionary and constitutional period in Irelands history, that
somewhat shaped the Ireland that we live in today. This essay will explore the political
developments, within revolutionary and constitutional Irish nationalism in the period 1798 to 1867.
The late eighteenth century marked the beginning of what was to map Ireland's future through the
nineteenth century and to the present day. Ireland at this time was a deeply divided society.
Catholic's and Presbyterians made up eighty five percent of the population, yet they had no power
what so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ulster Protestants now came to regard the union as the essential basis for their prosperity. (Beckett
1981).
The first threat of nationalism after the union came in the form of an uprising by Robert Emmet.
Emmet had a poorly armed army and almost certainly knew that chances of success were faint. But
his rebellion was not about success. It was to remind everyone that 1798 was not forgotten and he
wanted to spur on the rebels in their quest against the British. Emmet was evidently captured and
sentenced to death. He did however have one small victory in his final speech. He requested that 'no
man write his epitaph until his county be free'. This speech had long lasting historical value,
motivating republicans and nationalist movements from then to the present day.
Daniel O'Connell became a great political influence in Ireland during the 1820's. He had a
significant effect on the political landscape in fighting for the rights of Catholics. He brought the
grievances of Catholic's to the forefront of constitutional Irish nationalism. The creation of Catholic
rent and linking politics with religion made great strides in his campaign for Catholic Emancipation.
O'Connell had always said that emancipation was only the first stage in his programme and that
repeal of the union was his ultimate goal. He didn't believe in the rebellions that went before him.
He always felt it was best to assert themselves politically rather than use

The Curse Of The Irish Hospitals Sweepstake: A Hospital...
This essay discusses modernisation in Irish society and how Irish social policy has evolved and
developed from it. By definition, this modernisation in Ireland was the transformation from a
traditional agrarian society to a secular industrial society, in other words Irish modern society is
Ireland industrial society. Focusing on industrialism, we see how Ireland became today's modernised
Ireland through economic organisation.
The earliest social policy in Ireland was the Poor Law, under which workhouses were established in
Ireland in the 18th century. The policy aims behind the poor law were to deter, control and contain
the poor and it was the first system of state intervention that existed in Ireland and began to show an
acceptance of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whelan, Breen and Whelan discuss the changes in their paper 'Industrialisation, Class Formation
and Social Mobility in Ireland' (1991). For example, they describe how the decline of the
agricultural sector, due to rapid industrialisation, meant massive decline in opportunities for
agricultural employment which could not be compensated for by alternative opportunities in Ireland,
therefore emigration became the solution (Whelan et al, 1991). The paper discusses how few
societies have changed so rapidly and so radically, as has Ireland since 1960. Success in the form of
state initiatives to promote industrialisation brought a more 'general promise that the fruits of
independence would finally be realised' (Whelan et al, 1991). The expectations and excitement
related to this were captured in the catch phrase of the 1960's "The rising tide that would raise all
boats". This industrialisation saw, in the education system by 1985 over 94% of all 15 year olds
remained in school and in the employment sector, employed professionals formed some 17% of the
work–force by 1985. Industrialisation caused economic organisation in Ireland starting in some
forms in the 18th century, it has seen Ireland create and develop social policies, which today are still
ever evolving, alongside this, social modernisation is a continuous and open ended–process for
growing

Essay On Trade
Most the countries around the world engage in trade, this paper is going to go in to just six of the
countries that are in the same region and trade with each other; Estonia, Republic of Latvia, Poland,
Hellenic Republic and Republic of Austria. We will be giving you a small look into the back ground
of each, and overview of trade flows between our countries and initiatives from environmental
sustainability.
Profiles:
Estonia is an Eastern European country which borders the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between
Latvia and Russia. Estonia has a land mass of 42,388 sq. km, which is about twice the size of New
Jersey. As of July 2017, Estonia has an estimated population of 1,251,581 (Central Intelligence
Agency, 2017). Estonia regained ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Poland has been able to pursue a policy of economic liberalization. The polish state is over 1,000
years old and the 16th century was one of the most powerful countries. It was also the only place in
the European Union to not go into recession during 2007 to 2008. The economy growth has grown
in the last twenty–six years. Poland has a high standard of living, safety, education, and economic
freedom. It has a leading school education system and university education is free.
Overview of International Trade flows between EU and its major trading partners:
The European Union is a political and economic union of 28 member states. The EU has developed
an internal single market through a system of laws that apply in all member states. The EU policies
aim to ensure the free movement of people, good and services, and capital within the market of the
EU. Major external trading partners of the European Union and the percentage of trade include,
United States (17.5), China ( 14.8), Switzerland (7.2), and Russia (6.0).
"The most important sectors of Greece's economy in 2015 were wholesale and retail trade, transport,
accommodation and food services (25.4 %), public administration, defense, education, human health
and social work activities (21.0 %) and real estate activities (17.2 %). The main trade partners with
the Hellenic Republic are Germany and countries within the United Kingdom. The county's main
imports are machinery, vehicles, fuel, and various

A Developed Country As The Most Socially Progressive States
Also, I would prefer to focus on a developed country as the most socially progressive states have the
most influence in the global market and are often compared with the United States. Ireland, an
island of 27000 square miles and a population of 4.6 million is ranked 6th in HDI as of 2014, proves
to have a high degree of development, on par with Germany and ahead of the US (at 8th). This is
reflected in Ireland's healthy social progress and economic efficiency. The GDP per capita is
~$45,000 with only ~5% of the country's population below the poverty line compared to 15% for
the US. Ireland is also also a very peaceful country and ranked 11th for income equality with a 34.3
GINI (2013). Throughout the history of Ireland, the country and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Widespread trade commenced in the period starting in 2500 BC to 400 AD with the population
consisting of various different rival groups, called the Celts, who shared a polytheistic, pagan
religion. This religion influenced stories and mythology surrounding the ancient monuments and
their use. Shortly after the year 400, St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, which remained the
dominant religion while many Celtic traditions were retained. During this period, a change in
religion and the fall of the nearby Roman Empire, Ireland enjoyed prosperity, but was invaded by
the Vikings. They plundered some of the newfound riches and treasures but also established Dublin
and many other important cities, such as Wexford, Waterford, Cork, and Limerick. This control by
the vikings ended around 1200 when the Normans (from modern day France) invaded and
conquered England and Ireland, establishing a lordship which began the next several hundred years
of British rule. By 1600 much of this dependency was in the form of plantations controlled by
Britain, and in 1641 a rebellion was staged by the protestant colonists. Similar conflict continued
into the 1700s, and hundreds of thousands of people died during the first major famine of Ireland in
1740. A second uprising took place in 1798, shortly after which Ireland was formally joined with

Comparison Between Relative Deprivation And Routine...
Two theories that best support a terroristic acts are, relative deprivation and routine activity. Relative
deprivation theory states that when desires becomes a legitimate expectation, those desires are then
blocked by society. The terrorist group believes that it lacks every day necessities to survive, causing
their desires to be greater and the reflection of how they feel as a whole includes more of what they
see as a necessity rather than a want. The goal is to find a way to incorporate their wants and needs
and have it be sustained no matter the cause. They are not satisfied with their lifestyle and are
persistent for immediate change. Routine activity theory is primarily based on the motivation of the
offenders. It solely holds the political motivation of terrorists and what they can obtain from
political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are globally known and use social media as an outlet to gains followers and keep a steady
supply of motivated offenders. ISIS motivation for these extreme acts are done because they believe
that there is a greater good for them in the afterlife. By associating themselves with this group, it is
believed that their family will be better off; with an increase in status, greed satisfaction, and a
glorious afterlife. The outcome of offending the appropriate victims also enhances their maximum
symbolic, profit–making and political effect. Having sacrifice yourself to target symbolic buildings
and kill innocent victims, gives the terrorist the impression that he will have milk and honey in the
afterlife along with many wives. The last element of this theory involves the lack of presence of a
guardian has a major role in this organization because there is no law enforcement or surveillance
systems to record what they do. Without this guardianship it weakens the society and leaves others
to follow the beliefs of this terroristic

What Is Formative And Summative Assessment
Introduction
"Assessment can be the engine of curriculum reform, or the principal impediment to its
implementation" (Mary Barnes, 2000) is a thought which is of great debate in the Republic of
Ireland today. Education and curriculum are constantly evolving and often assessment gets left
behind. The relationship between student learning and an effective curriculum lies in the power of
the assessment. One cannot thrive without the other, and one cannot be entirely effective unless the
other is equally as effective.
In this assignment I will explore the types of assessment, particularly formative and summative
assessment which are used worldwide in the classroom. As well as the history of assessment in
Ireland, the newest junior cycle programme and finally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research has shown that formative assessment is effective in all educational settings (Paul Black,
1998).One major difference between formative assessment and summative assessment is the way in
which formative assessment uses student involvement as an integral pillar. Without student
involvement in the assessment process, formative assessment is not reaching its full potential. Many
research papers have shown that student motivation is dramatically increased when students are
involved in both their own learning and in the learning of others (Pintrich & de Groot,
1990).Teachers, however, do not have a sit back role in formative assessment. They are still crucial
to the proper use of this assessment by ways of designing appropriate assessment tasks, identifying
attainable learning goals and outlining clear criteria for student success. One key factor in formative
assessment is the return of feedback to students. Many studies have shown that substantial learning
gains are the outcome of an effective and frequent feedback process from teacher to student
(Wiliam,

Anita Groener vs. the Minister for Education and the City...
SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDY
The case study is presenting a lawsuit of Anita Groener, who is suing Minister for Education
(hereinafter referred as 'the Minister') and the City of Dublin – Vocational Educational Committee
(hereinafter referred as 'the Education Committee'). The charge was based on the free movement of
workers, more specific, knowledge of an official language of the host country. Mrs. Groener was a
Netherlands' national, who wanted to work as a full–time art teacher.
The origin of the dispute was the Minister's refusal to appoint Mrs. Groener to a permanent full–
time post as an art teacher employed by the Education Committee after she had failed a test,
intended to asses her knowledge of the Irish language. Minister's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The documents before Court contain that the teaching of art, like that of most other subjects taught
in public vocational education schools, is conducted essentially or indeed exclusively in the English
language. It follows that the knowledge of the Irish Language is not required for the performance of
the duties which teaching of the kind at issue specifically entails. The national court has to decide
whether the linguistic requirement in question is justified 'by reason of the nature of the post to be
filled'. The Irish Constitution says: 1) The Irish language as the national language is the first official
language, 2) The English language is recognized as a second official language, 3) Provision may be
made by law for the exclusive use of either of the said languages for any one or more official
purposes, either throughout the State or in any part thereof.
Irish is not spoken by the whole Irish population. The Irish government designed this policy to
maintain and to promote their identity and culture. Teachers have an essential role to play, through
teaching and by their participation in the daily life of the school and the privileged relationship
which they have with their pupils. In those circumstances it is reasonable to require them to have
some knowledge of the first national language. Community law requires that power to grant an
exemption is exercised by the Minister in a non–discriminatory manner. The principle of non–
discrimination

Conflict in the Emerald Isle Essay
Conflict in the Emerald Isle
The island of Ireland is known for many things: St. Patrick's Day, its green landscape, music, beer,
and discord. The heart of this conflict began centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced
Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. There has always been hatred between the Irish
Protestants and Catholics. The island is broken up into to distinct regions. The Republic of Ireland
consists of 26 counties, which make up the southern region. This area is predominantly Roman
Catholic. Northern Ireland is made up of the 6 northern counties, which are under British rule. This
area is predominately Protestant. The conflict between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
is based ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This upset a majority of the Irish citizens, whom happened to be predominately Catholic, who felt
that they were just that, citizens of Ireland, not subjects of England. They wanted the right to govern
freely without British interference. There were, however, supporters of this act as well. These
Unionists or Loyalists were made up largely of Protestants. They gladly welcomed the power of the
British crown because they felt that they were truly British citizens not Irish citizens.
While under British rule the Catholics were subjected to discriminating laws such as: they were not
allowed to bear arms, hold public office, and were restricted in their right to an education. The laws
have been lifted the tension still remains between the Catholics and the Protestants (Ito 1). There
were still those who were pushing for "Home Rule" and the Protestants "vowed to resist the
movement with violence" (Ito 1). However this movement never amounted to much.
In 1920 the Government of Ireland Act separated the island into north and south. In 1921 these two
sections would become known as the Irish Free State, or the Republic of Ireland and Northern
Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is composed of the 26 southern counties of Ireland and controlled
by the parliament of Ireland. The remaining 6 counties in the north of Ireland make up Northern
Ireland, which is controlled by Britain. This was intended to be a compromise between

Global Economic Trends Ireland
Tallinn University of Technology
Tallinn School of Economics and Business Administration
Global Economic Trends
Individual Work:
"Ireland"
Professor: Ricardo Vicente
Student: Roksolana Sliusar
Tallinn 2014
Content
Introduction
1. General information about Ireland
2. Globalization in Ireland
2.1 General globalization information
2.2 Ireland Political Globalization
2.3 Ireland Social globalization
2.4 Ireland Economic Globalization
Conclusion
2
Introduction
When I was thinking about that I would like to write in individual work I checked a lot of
information about different regions. But then Ireland attracted my attention. I found this country
interesting because Ireland to mid–80s tried unsuccessfully to find ways to accelerate ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The island est.) was Christianized from the 5th century National Holiday: Saint Patrick 's Day,
March 17 onward. Following the Norman invasion in the
12th century, England claimed sovereignty over Ireland. However, English rule did not extend over
the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest. This led to colonisation of Ireland by
settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially
disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th

century. In 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early
20th century was followed by the partition of the island, creating the Irish Free State, which became
increasingly sovereign over the following decades, and Northern Ireland which remained a part of
the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s.
This subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973, both parts of
Ireland joined the European Economic Community [4].
Census 2011 results show that Ireland's population has continued to grow strongly since Census
2006, increasing by
348,404 persons to 4,588,252 persons. This represents an increase of 8.2 per cent over the 5 year
intercensal period, an annual average increase of 1.6 per cent. The previous annual average increase
between Census 2002

The Problems of Northern Ireland Essay
The Problems of Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is part of Ireland which is the most western part in Europe. It is a small place with
a population of 1.5 million and is no larger than Yorkshire. It has been the centre of media attention
because of a conflict between the people of the province. Many people have been killed there and in
the years 1968–1994 over three thousand died. Northern Ireland is ruled by the British parliament in
London where as the republic of Ireland has its own government and parliament in Dublin.
Unionists are made up of Protestants wanting Northern Ireland to be a part of the UK. They think
that British troops in Northern Ireland should stay and help fight ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
SDLP and Sinn Fein are both political however Sinn Fein back up revolutionary violence and work
of the IRA. The IRA use force to oppose British presence in Ireland and have killed many British
soldiers and Northern Ireland police officers. The IRA is illegal.
Overall what cause so much conflict in Ireland are the different groups fighting for unionist and
nationalist views. They all believe that they are right and it seems that they won't quit until others
believe it. All groups for nationalist views want the same thing like unionist groups they all want the
same thing to but are going different ways about it. There are political parties, terrorist groups,
religious groups and historical links battling for unionist and nationalist views. It causes a lot of
suspicion and violence and there is not just one fight to be solved but many.
Northern Ireland Coursework
Question 2A
In this piece of coursework I will be looking at two events that have been particularly important in
shaping the views of the protestant community in Northern Ireland. The two events I have chosen to
look at are the Catholic rebellions 1641–1649 and the Battle of Boyne in 1690.
English and Scottish people were sent to live in Ireland by Elizabeth

Protestant Propaganda
Protestant Propaganda
What do you think of when you hear the name Ireland? Ireland is a relatively small island off the
coast of Great Britain with a land area of 32,424 square miles (Delaney 2). There are several things
that you may associate with this country such as St. Patrick's Day, shamrocks, beer, and strife. The
source of the bitterness behind this conflict began centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced
Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. For this reason there has always been an animosity
between the Protestants and the Irish Catholics. The island is broken up into two distinct regions.
The Republic of Ireland consists of twenty–six counties, which make up the southern ... Show more
This event gave the Catholics yet another reason to dislike the Unionists.
The Unionists also used crooked politics to ensure Protestant control. One way of doing this was by
gerrymandering the political district lines. For example, one ward was ninety percent Catholic while
the rest of the Catholics were scattered about in Protestant wards (Golway 280). By dividing the
districts this way it made the Catholic votes virtually meaningless. Then, the Protestant controlled
government passed the Civil Authorities Act. This Act granted the government the right to search
homes without a warrant, impose curfews, and randomly arrest citizens even if no real crime had
been committed. The Catholics were the ones who were primarily oppressed by these laws. Other
laws limited the education of Catholics, restricted them from holding office, and they were also
discriminated against on the job. Protestants filled many of the positions leaving the Catholics
jobless (Golway 280). This policy of discrimination helped inflate the already high poverty rate in
Ire that they could feed their family, they also had to worry about curfews and being arrested for no
apparent reason. This is not right. The government should not be allowed to pass laws that would
help single out a certain minority. This is an example of how propaganda can be used in politics.
I do not agree with some of the methods used to spread

Essay on The Irish Republican Army Ideology
The Irish Republican Army Ideology
The Irish Republican Army ideology is still living in Northern Ireland, nearly a century after the
organization's establishment. Although the IRA has since disbanded, the spirit is kept alive by a
number of splinter factions, including the Provisional, Continuity, and Real IRAs. Not many
terrorist organizations can maintain a campaign this extensive in time. The long history of the IRA
campaign of terror leads to many political, social, religious, educational and economic effects. It
also contributes to international problems about which we may only be able to speculate.
The most violent splinter group from the Provisional IRA is named the Real Irish ... Show more
The group predominantly participates in bombings, especially car bombs; however, the U.S.
Department of State says they have also been involved in robberies and assassinations. Their targets
include the police in Northern Ireland, Protestant communities in Northern Ireland, the British
military, and civilians, according to the State Department. There is a good deal of conflicting
information regarding the number of attacks committed by the Real IRA. According to the MIPT
Terrorism Knowledge Base, the rIRA have participated in 29 total incidents, while the State
Department says that there have been more than 80 attacks since 1999. Another report stated that the
rIRA was responsible for nine terrorist attacks in 1998 alone, including its most deadly (Melaugh).
The most effective attack by the Real IRA occurred on August 15, 1998 in Omagh, Northern Ireland.
On that day 29 people were killed and around 220 were wounded. Among the dead was a woman
who was 8 months pregnant with twins. A false warning was issued 30 minutes before the bomb
went off to Ulster Television in Belfast. Law enforcement officials moved people away from the
location of the warning, only to have moved them closer to the actual location, causing even more
injury (Omagh). The public was so outraged with the bombing that the Real IRA announced they
were ceasing all "military operations,"

Impact of Irish Culture on U.S. Military Operations
Thesis: Understanding the ideology of a nation's way of life is fundamental to successful military
operations. Ireland has endured fighting, famine, and struggle for centuries, making the people of
Ireland both tough and rugged. Era after era of invasions of Ireland created a culture that is resilient,
comprehends survival, and fully understands guerrilla warfare.
1. The meaning of culture.
2. Major characteristics that define Irish culture.
a) Geographic location, background/origin, and religion
b) Infrastructure and terrain
c) Social normality –Hard people from a harsh environment
d) Economic factors –Trade: early/modern trade and current state
e) Political repute –Similarity to U.S. Government
f) Military ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the ninth century, Vikings began to raid Ireland, eventually conquering and settling on the island.
The strong Irish culture influenced the Viking conquerors' way of life, rather than an invader's long–
term domination would suggest. Anglo–Norman invaders arrived in Ireland in 1169, attempting to
colonize the island over the next 500 years. The invaders began to expand their influence across the
island by means of force. These attacks caused rebellions from the Irish people, as they were no
strangers to aggression from the East. "Religious persecution of Catholic Irish grew – in particular
after the accession of Elizabeth I, a Protestant, to the throne in 1558. Oliver Cromwell's subsequent
siege of Ireland in 1649 ended with massacres of Catholics at Drogheda and Wexford and forced the
resettlement of thousands, many of whom lost their homes in the struggle. By 1691, with the victory
of Protestant English King William III over the Catholic forces of James II, Protestant supremacy in
Ireland had become complete. Catholics in Ireland suffered greatly in the subsequent period of
British occupation, enduring laws that prevented them from bearing arms, holding public office and
restricting their rights to an education. While many of those rights were eventually restored, the
animosity between Catholics and Protestants remained." (Washington Post, 1999). A group of Irish

Ukraine Research Paper
GP GROUP PROJECT – WORLD TOUR (NORTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPE) Introduction
(to be created) In Norway, tax exemptions are provided for the Tesla, an electric car. The Tesla has
become one of the best economically and environmentally friendly option. In fact according to
Tesla's website it is the best selling car in Norway. In Bulgaria, alternative sources of energy are
being used as well. The country has two nuclear reactors that produces one third of the country's
electricity. Bulgaria exports a good amount of energy as well. Ukraine's chief of State is president
Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko. Its head of government is prime minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk.
Ukraine's constitution was adopted in 1996. The way Ukraine is different from America is that
Ukraine has a 5 year election term while the United States only have a 4 year term. From a reliable
resource online, All resources are cited in the bottom of the essay, it's told that the president is
elected by a majority vote through a two–round system. It also stated that the prime minister is
appointed by the president with the approval of the parliament. Anyone in the supreme council is ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of them is that marijuana is a soft drug compared to cocaine, but it is still illegal. It is also
illegal to take pictures in certain buildings for security purposes, and one last rule that's not too
strange is that you need a license to carry a gun with you in public. And last but not least, it's the
beautiful country of Romania. And to add to it's beauty, it officially has the most beautiful waterfall
in the world. Nature is only one of Romania's great art qualities. They also have the colorful painted
eggs that we appreciate during easter. Continuing on with the colorful items they also make vivid
and elaborate rugs that they use to decorate plain, old, tedious fences with. most of the fences are
wooden, and speaking about wood they are also known for their wonderful

The Analysis Of The Registration Process For A Pharmacist
The critical analysis of the registration process for a pharmacist in another Member State registering
to practice in the Republic of Ireland will be facilitated through an understanding of the influence of
the European Union and a comparison of the registration procedures outlined by both the Republic
of Ireland and the United Kingdom. The agreement of ROI to the European Treaty in 1973 on 1
January has had and has a profound effect on all legislation including the area of pharmacy. EU
legislation predominantly comes in the form of directives or regulations. Regulations are considered
mandatory in their totality where–as directives allow for implementation into national law
sanctioning countries to incorporate it using their own methods ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The improvements were necessary in order to comply with EU directives specifically directive
2005/85/EC which frameworks the free movement of professionals across member states and
exemplifies that previous implementation was inadequate. It is now acknowledged and regulated by
the Statutory Instrument no. 489/2008 (Ireland 2008). The authors Weedle and Clarke (2011);
Appelbe et al. (2013) have synopsised the criteria which must be met in order to be eligible for the
EU route of registration with regards the directive 2005/85/EC to practice in the ROI and
subsequently the UK. Firstly the applicant must be a citizen of a member state within the EU/EEA.
The applicant must then provide evidence of their qualification in pharmacy. The education/training
prerequisites are outlined in Article 44 of the EU directive (Directive 2005/85/EC). If the criterion
there is met then automatic recognition is permitted. Alternatively one must demonstrate a minimum
of three uninterrupted years of the past five years in a regulated pharmaceutical discipline/area as
mentioned in Article 45. This form of entry is as a result of acquired rights provision. This is for
those who cannot comply with the above mentioned training requisite. This maybe as a result of the
applicant possessing the qualification in pharmacy in a

Is Fergal Tobin's The Best of Decades an Accurate...
"The Best of Decades": Is this an accurate description of the 1960s in Ireland?
"The Best of Decades" is a somewhat accurate description of the 1960's in Ireland. Significant social
change took place in the areas of politics, the media, education and culture in Ireland during this
period. A new generation emerged who had limited tolerance for the conditions suffered by those
heretofore. Ireland had been engulfed in an economic depression during the previous decade.
Emigration and poverty were widespread setting a tone of misery and exasperation. (1) But this new
decade brought with it the idea of freedom: freedom to challenge previous ideals and to break
through the boundaries that had previously been set. 1960's Ireland was characterised by this
atmosphere of optimism and prosperity. (2) However what was perceived by many to be the "golden
era" was undermined by several bleak issues. Irish society was still very much subservient to the
Catholic Church during this period, while the late 1960's also marked the beginnings of "The
Troubles" as we know them today, a period of major civil unrest in Northern Ireland which lasted
for many years following and claimed the lives of many innocent people. (3)
A notable feature of Irish society in the 1960's was economic expansion. There was a prevalent
perception that Ireland had become isolated from European economic growth and that this had to be
reversed. The advancement of industrial and economic growth in

The Brexih Problem? By Mrs. Karine Brigand
The Brexit question an Irish problem? By Mrs Karine Brigand
First, few words about the title of this communication. It refers to the article "The Irish question a
British problem" published by John Hume in 1979. It encouraged, in that time, Dublin and London
governments to sit together with Northern Irish parties. To define their roles and responsibilities in
the situation in Northern Ireland. But also to find a way out of their quarrels. This title is also a
reference to John Hume himself. Because we may lack in the current generation of politicians,
people such as John Hume. He defined the European project as a model of effective reconciliation
and cooperation between old enemies. Despite the fact that this article has been published 37 years
ago, it has some relevant parts on today prospect of Brexit.
Introduction: In this presentation, Mrs Karine Brigand focused on the impact of Brexit from both
Dublin and Belfast perspectives. This "unique" relationship, between the United Kingdom (UK) and
Ireland, continued after the 1922 partition. They created a free circulation between both countries. A
free circulation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is not significant compared to the 33 millions of voters in the UK. There are 18 constituencies
in Northern Ireland. 11 voted for remain. Mainly western and border constituencies. Because the
potential return of a hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland scares them.
The top 3 constituencies which voted for remain are Belfast South and West and Foyle.
Foyle (78%) has a double criteria. First it is on the border and second it is a nationalist republican
constituency.
Belfast West (76%) has a republican tradition and a strong Irish identity.
Belfast South (70%) is a student city with middle and upper class area. But it is not so much about
nationalist or unionist criteria here, but rather the level of

Ireland Is An Island Surrounded By The Celtic Sea And The...
Ireland is an island surrounded by the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Mountain ranges cover a
vast majority of its geographical structures. Central Ireland is predominantly flat and its ground is
most filled with clay and sand. The climate of Ireland has a lot to do with it being surrounded by
water; it stays usually about 50 degrees year around, having mild winters and cool summers. Ireland
has long been a country of tradition and held on to traditional values for very long, even when other
countries should change. Even today, many Irish homes still follow some of the traditional values
which some argue to be the values of an individual with a well–rounded life. But this does not mean
that the entire country employs these values. In fact, the role of the family has changed significantly
in the last couple of decades. In many 'traditional' Irish families, food and family life were closely
linked. Traditionally one parent (Mostly the female/mother) would stay at home to take care of the
family and look after the home duties such as cooking, cleaning etc. Nowadays this division of work
(especially at home) has shifted slightly towards a more modern perspective. Over the years it
became more regular for both parents or females in general to be actively employed during the
week. (ASK, 2016) This shifted may have changed some parts of the traditional values and gender
roles but according to a recent study by the European movement Ireland, the country still has a long
way to

A Proposal For A Legalization Of Abortion
Executive Summary The purpose of this policy paper is to address the egregious violation of rights
that Ireland has submitted it's citizens to by outlawing abortion procedures. This proposal calls
primarily for a decriminalization of abortion and for the government to examine the religiosity of
both Ireland's political administration and the cultural view of abortion. The 2013 Protection of Life
During Pregnancy Act fails to protect the maternal health of woman and is failing due to the
vagueness in language and inconsistency in implementation. That being said, the source of the
problem lies in the Eight Amendment of the Bunreacht na hÉireann, the Irish Constitution, that
defends that a fetus is an effective Irish citizen at the time of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Women can experience serious, life threatening, and sometimes fatal complications during a
pregnancy. The United Nations affirms that denying access to abortion legally qualifies as torture as
a dangerous pregnancy constitutes as an act by of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or
mental (Convention Against Torture). Protection against this type of reproductive right violation is
guaranteed by the The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against
Women, specifically Article 16.1; The Right to Decide the Number and Spacing of Children
(CEDAW). In December of 1985 Ireland acceded the Convention. Although Ireland did not ratify
CEDAW and the document is not legally binding, adhering to these human rights norms is an
expectation that is on place on all the UN Member States. By criminalizing abortion Ireland violates
these basic human rights and infringes on a women's right to reproductive freedom
2. Origin/History of the Problem and Current Context The Republic of Ireland has been view in the
international community as a "morally conservative country" (Bloomer 368). Contraception only
became available in 1973 and divorce was prohibited until 1997. In 1983 the Eight Amendment to
the Irish Constitution (Article 40.3.3) equated the life of an unborn child to that of it's mothers and
thus abortion was prohibited. Recently in 2013, the Irish government sought to try and appease
critiques of their strict abortion ban when the government passed

The European Union And The Union Of Soviet Socialist...
In this essay I will discuss how the EU that we know today come to be, what are is advantages and
disadvantages.
Europe had dominated the global trade, banking and finance, its empires had stretched across the
word and its military powers had been unquestioned. From this high Europe was brought down to
lows of the devastation of the Second World War; a war that left 40 million people dead. It destroyed
countries, cities were left in ruin and agricultural production halved, leaving many people to
rationing their food. This all meant terrible news for Europe's global influence and power leading to
the emergence of two huge superpowers the United States of America and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republic. This is what gave birth to the European Union, an idea conceived by Jean
Monnet.
The European Union is set up with the aim of ending the wars between neighbors, which culminated
in the Second World War. In particular France and Germany who had be at war with other 3 times in
less than 3 decades. As of 1950, the European Coal and Steel Community begin to unite European
countries economically and politically in order to secure lasting peace. The six founding countries
are Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The 1950s are dominated by
a cold war between east and west. Protests in Hungary against the Communist regime are put down
by Soviet tanks in 1956. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome creates the European Economic Community
(EEC), or 'Common Market'.

The Trouble with Violence in Northern Ireland Essay
In the past century we have experienced a vast majority of violent acts towards minority groups such
as blacks, Jews, homosexuals and others. According to BBC the Troubles of Northern Ireland
represent one of the latest examples of religious, ethnic, geographic and political conflict. The
Troubles started in the late 1960s and it is considered by many to have ended with the Belfast Good
Friday Agreement of 1998. After more than 30 years of civil conflict, peace had finally been
achieved. However, random violence acts have continued since then. How did the Belfast Good
Friday Agreement end the Troubles in Northern Ireland and how is the country today? The island
was divided into Northern Ireland and The Republic of Ireland in the 1920s. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The IRA targeted soldiers and policemen, but while doing so they killed civilians. To keep them
apart, the capital, Belfast transformed into a war zone, and walls were built to prevent the groups
from attacking each other. For many years Belfast was known as "the Barricaded city". Protestants
also formed groups, which carried out attacks against Catholics. In the 1970s and 1980s,
approximately 3,000 people were killed, with many more injured. Despite the Protestants majority,
the creation of Northern Ireland did not bring security to them because it was clear that London was
never as committed to the Union as the Protestants were. The Protestant leaders assumed that the
new state could only exist if they had the power therefore they made sure that their power should be
both strong and permanent. As result they changed the voting system and the electoral boundaries
(gerrymandering). Nationalists and Catholics were considered as second–class citizens, and
dangerous to the state. They were seen with being less deserving of jobs and houses than their
Protestant neighbors, they were discriminated in the public service, in education as well. The
representatives of Nationalists and Catholics were also banned from political power and influence.
In addition to being discriminated they were also complaining to the government because of the use
of special powers against republicans.

Overview of the Republic of Ireland and its Business Culture
Executive Summary The Republic of Ireland consists of twenty–six counties and is located on the
island of Ireland, along with Northern Ireland. Ireland is a parliamentary democracy, made up of
three branches of government: the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch.
The executive branch consists of the President, who is mostly there for ceremonial purposes, the
Prime Minister, who is the head of the government, and the Deputy Prime Minister. The legislative
branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate and the Judicial Branch consists of
the Chief Justice and seven other judges. This paper goes over a brief look into the Republic of
Ireland's history, economy, their culture, and their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the majority of the Irish are Roman Catholic, Catholicism is strongly intertwined into the
everyday life of an Irish person. It influences laws, education and architecture. One example of this
is divorce, which only recently became legal in 1997. Another example is abortion, which is still
illegal today, according to the Irish Constitution (Gall & Hobby, 2009, p. 235). A July 2014 estimate
of Ireland's population, puts the population at 4,832,765. Out of the 240 recognized countries,
Ireland's population ranks at number 123 ("Ireland", 2014, Population). About eighty–five percent of
the population identify themselves as Irish, two percent as Asian, one percent as Black, less than one
percent as mixed and two percent as unspecified ("Ireland", 2014, Ethic Groups). According to
Wilson, Ireland is relatively peaceful when it comes to ethnic relations since most of nation is Irish
and identify with the same culture. It is typically when the Irish leave their nation, that they are
subjected to prejudice and discrimination (Wilson, 2001, p. 1095). There are two official languages
recognized in Ireland, Irish (Gaelic) and English. About thirty percent of the population speak
Gaelic well enough to use it in daily conversations and only

Greggs Essay
International Marketing Strategy
Laura Klinke
BAMBA 2010
Assignment
Table of Content
I. Executive Summary 3
II. List of Figures 4
III. List of Appendices 4 1. Introduction 5 2. About Greggs 5 3.1. The History 5 3.2. Greggs in
Numbers 6 3.3. Greggs Foundation 6 3.4. SWOT–Analyse 7 3. PESTEL – Analyses 8 4.5. Australia
8 4.6. Canada 9 4.7. India 9 4.8. Ireland 10 4.9. PESTEL–Evaluation 11 4. Market Entrance Strategy
Ireland 12 5. Marketing Mix 13 6. Conclusion 13 7. Bibliography 15 8. Appendix ... Show more
After it they expanded into the Midlands, Wales and North London.
Greggs produces and retails takeaway foods, e.g. sandwiches and fresh bakery food products. As
well, they offer a range of healthy food with lower fat, calorie and salt quantities and a range of
regional food.
Nowadays Greggs will be found at the High Streets, airports, shopping centres and place with a lot
of public interest. All sandwiches are hand–made and fresh and have no sell–by date. Everything
Greggs sell has its own recipe and all food will be fresh making in the stores. (Greggs, 2010,
[Online])
"Our values are our commitment to the way we will treat each other. We aspire to be a company that
everyone is proud to shop with, work for and do business with. Our values apply to all our
stakeholders, including our customers, our people, our shareholders and our suppliers." (Greggs,
2010, [Online])
2.2. Background Information
Today Greggs operates 1,400 stores, 10 regional bakeries, the savoury production centre, 2
distribution centres and 375 delivery vehicles and serves approximately six million customers each
week. Greggs employ 19,000 people and want to add another 600 shops in the near future. Therefore
6,000 new jobs will be creating. These employees include 289 Master Bakers. The total sales
increase from 2009 to 2010 is 2,9 %. The Greggs Foundation raises and distributes £ 10 million
since it starts.
Vision: The company´s vision is to be Europe´s finest bakery–retailer.
Mission: The

The Northern Ireland Marching Season
The Northern Ireland Marching Season
The marching season is where the Protestants of Ireland celebrate William of Orange's victory in the
Battle of the Boyne by marching through Northern Ireland via some Catholic areas. These marches
take place in July of every year and are usually peaceful. But sometimes they are violent. There are
a number of possible reasons why there is a tension between the two communities over the marches,
for example land, religion, politics, history and social division.
During the 16th century, James 1st and England started to take a closer interest in Ireland. They
feared Ireland because they thought that they could become a threat to their own power. This was
mainly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But when the civil war in England had finished, Cromwell was eager to regain control of Ireland. So
he sent over soldiers from England to control Ireland again. He restored control of Ireland between
1649 –50 but was ruthless. As a punishment for the rebellion, he ordered his soldiers to slaughter all
people, soldiers and civilians, in Drogheda and Wexford. Also, the Catholics involved in the
rebellion had there land taken off them and were forced to live in poor lands. Many of these people
died of hunger and disease. This was the start of Catholic hatred towards the English rule and
towards Protestants.
The next big event to happen was the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. The marching season
commemorates the Protestant victory over Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne, so this event lives
long in both Catholics and Protestants memory. That is why this battle is one of the main
contributors to why there is still tension over the marches.
The Battle of the Boyne symbolises 'protestant ascendancy'. It was the first time that the Protestants
stood up for themselves against the Catholics. The Battle of the Boyne was a fight between two
people and two religions. It was William of Orange from the Netherlands against James II. James
became king of England in 1685 but was expelled from the throne in 1688. Instead of leaving
quietly and forgetting about England, he

Ireland Research Paper
After studying a few facts about Ireland, I have realized what a very interesting country that it is.
Ireland is said to be a cool and wonderful place to explore. Within a few miles you can see
dangerous cliffs to flat pastures to towering mountains to gloomy bogs. You can find really old
castles or five–star spa hotels to relax and spend the day in. You can dine on fine Irish dinners or
munch on fish and chips served in a bag from a convenience store. Ireland is an amazing place that I
would love to visit.
Sports: In Ireland, the main sports are soccer, which they call football, and hurling. Hurling can also
be called hurley and is an outdoor stick–and–ball game that is comparable to field hockey and
lacrosse. In the 15th century, the sport ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(€)
The population of this small island (it is an island if you didn't already know that) is 4,594,000.
The official Ireland flag is made of three colors, green, white, and orange. The green represents the
Gaelic tradition of the Irish natives, the orange represents the followers of William of Orange, and
the white represents the peace between them.
About forty million people from America can follow their ancestry back to Ireland. This is because
of the awful famines and diseases that were spread in the nineteen hundreds and led to migration
from the country.
Ireland is a small country, but it is big for an island. The biggest distance from north to south on the
island is 302 miles, and from east to west it only gets to 171 miles across.
The highest peak in Ireland is Carrantuohill, mountain, which is 3,414 feet in height. It is located in
the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, which is a mountain range on the Iveragh Peninsula on the southwest
side of Ireland.
Ireland is a beautiful county with a very interesting culture. It has rolling grasslands and steep
mountains, gorgeous scenery and famous castles. Ireland is and amazing country to

Why Was the "Irish question" So Troublesome for the...
Great Britain and Ireland had merged under the Act of Union 1801. While the British Empire was
changing and liberalizing its system of imperial rule granting greater independence to Canada, New
Zealand, Australia and South Africa , Ireland was forced to remain a part of the Union and used as a
source of cheaper food supplies and labor, which could not be acceptable for the Irish. In one of his
letters, then a future Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli referred to maintaining the boiling Ireland as
the Irish Question , and the expression grounded in the language of British politicians of the 19th
and 20th centuries, when the struggle for a better life was the key of the Irish politics during the
same period. Opposition to the Union in Ireland ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On June 8, 1886 the first Home Rule Bill was defeated. The House of Commons thought it was
going to hurt the economic development. Gladstone, the Prime Minister, introduced a second bill in
1893 which was passed by the House of Commons but was vanquished by the main force against
Home Rule, the House of Lords. First Ireland – what else would receive Home Rule? For them, the
bill was seen as the start of the process of reduction of the London's power though Home Rule
meant that the Irish Parliament would be restored for most issues, but the British government would
still cover many important areas. "It was not a new protest, or a call for concessions, but rather a
demand for the restoration of the political rights of an ancient nation."
Non–political movements participated and influenced the course of the Irish Home Rule Movement
as deeply. Young Irishmen sought for the freedom fashioned their dream in other activities. Anglo–
Irish literary revival led by the poet William B. Yeats and the Gaelic League founded by Douglas
Hyde and Eoin MacNeill assembled with the hope of keeping the Irish language alive, re–create a
separate Irish culture, considering these features the best claim upon the world's recognition of the
Irish as a separate nation . The very process of forming Irish national culture was called 'de–
Anglicization'. Even being a

Pillar Of Ireland
The chapter illustrates who are the Irish people and what are their uniqueness. First, the Republic of
Ireland does not include Northern Ireland, which, is part of the United Kingdom. I will analyze two
pillars of the Irish culture and how the author portrays the Irish people in this book.
The first pillar that I am going to analyze is the catholic church in Ireland. According to the author,
most people in the country are Catholics, although the number has decreased recently. The reason I
focus in this pillar is because I realize that it brought negative and positive aspects to Ireland. For
instance, the Catholic church contributed to the educations of children and help in the hospitals.
However, it role in the government contributed to the of Protestants in the public affairs of the
country. The other reason I focus on this pillar is because it shows that globalization and economic
growth contribute to the diversity of a population. Moreover, globalization and economic
development also contribute to decrease the role of religion in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The way the author describes the Irish interest me because he was mainly describing Catholic Irish.
The author says so many good things about the Catholic Irish that I felt he was being biased in some
occasions. For instance, the author says that "Catholics enjoy having Protestant in the country and
that they even help Protestants to repair their churches" (page 161). I think that the author was being
biased because he presumes that there are less tensions between the two religious groups due to the
kindness of the Catholic. I think that the tensions between the two religious groups are not notable
because the Protestants represent a small portion of the population. Furthermore, when the country
started achieving economic growth, it started being more secular. Hence, it is reasonable to see a
decrease in the tension between Catholics and

Taxation on Inflation in Ireland
Taxation on inflation: there has been a rise recently in Ireland. The this accounted for families and
prosperity. Yet they had to allow for a bigger wage increase. This way they can compensation for the
increase of inflation.
Irelands working week consist of a Monday to Friday. The maximum hours that can be worked are
48 hours and the legal working age starts at 16.
Ireland has no control over the maximum and minimum price of any goods. However, the retailer
and service provides apply to the industry regulator for approval for any price increase. financial
services for the suppliers don't have to apply for approvals for changes in price, they must however
inform the central bank of Ireland of any such changes.
Ireland has been a member of the European union since 1973. Their trade policy is the same as that
of other members of e.u. since they are part of a membership of the e.u. they have nontariff barriers
on agriculture and manufacturing. Subsidies quotas import bans and restrictions for some services
and goods, they have some market access restrictions in some service sectors. Also, nontransparent
and restriction standards and regulations.
The welfare and safety wealth at work general application regulation 2007 contains an widespread
list of unambiguous workroom health plus safety instructions that each company must bear by.
Irelands company has been through a revolution the last couple of years. They have evolved from
"an agricultural focused economy to a recent

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