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STEAM: A Framework for 21st Century Education
- 1. STEAM: A Framework for 21st Century Education Gregory N. Washington, Ph.D. Dean, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- 2. Who am I? • Major Academic Accomplishments – Developed first mechanical active antenna with Smart Materials – First Reported Intelligent Control Methodology for Hybrid Electric Vehicles – Dean (UCI), Interim Dean, Associate Dean for Research • Academic – More than 140 papers in Journals, Conference Proceedings and edited volumes, 4 best paper awards. University Distinguished Teaching Award • Industry and Government funding ($>12 million ($4 million single PI)) – NSF (CAREER+ 3 other awards), ARO, AFOSR, DARPA, DOT, Dept of Energy, NASA, Ohio Aerospace Institute – BF Goodrich, Goodyear, Dupont, HRL, Boeing, Ford, GM, Ameritech, Outboard Marine Corp. • My motivations for this talk – Family – Product of Public Schools
- 4. Choose which is larger 4 Many of us were raised to believe that these two lines were the same size This one!
- 5. How is world is indeed different • Speed and cost of communication – Information Technology is changing exponentially • Scale of communication – The size and scale of our interactions are global and unprecedented • Density of communication – In the last forty years we’ve doubled our population, put half of them in cities and digitally connected them. We communicate with more people than ever in MORE ways than ever 5
- 6. Our Changing World - STEM Based 6 Our Changing World 7 Billion people on the planet, placing stress on Energy, Infrastructure, food, etc.. Most countries compete by lowering trade barriers, privatized public enterprises and opened public utilities to competition. Popula(on Growth Global Market Economies Telecom Revolu(on Scale The avg. 20 year old sends 24k texts per year (67 per day) Avg Worker gets 105 emails per day We send 500 million tweets per day.
- 7. Speed - Accelerated Change! • Years to 50 Million users – Radio – 38 years – Television – 13 years – Cell phone – 7 years – Internet – 4 years – IPOD – 3 years – Facebook – 2 years • More than half of the top 10 in demand jobs in 2014 did not exist in 2004 7Singapore Science Park Shanghai - Pudong
- 8. Shoot movies Record movies View movies Picture (instant!) Compute Listen Radio Listen Music (mobile!) Play Wake-up Measure Time Share voice Share pictures Share text Find people Plan route Forecast weather © Dassault Systemes 2009 Design Scale: 1980: 1400 Kg of Disconnected Technology
- 9. © Dassault Systemes 2009 2014: Now Integrated in Our Pockets
- 10. Global Compe(tors -‐ SINGAPORE 1960s h"p://www.country-‐data.com/cgi-‐bin/query/r-‐11828.html
- 12. Thousands of Graduates The New Global Battlefield: Science and Engineering National Science Board, S&E Indicators, 2010
- 13. Education is a Global Jobs Issue • 7 Billion People (5 billion adults) • 3 Billion looking for jobs • 1.2 Billion formal jobs • 1.8 Billion looking for a formal job – According to Gallup – Formal job attainment is the most important global issue and is at the core of much of the conflict nationally
- 14. 12.0 10.7 17.1 19.4 18.1 21.7 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s 10s -‐0.9 ? Economic Issues - The Lost Decade Globally, there are 1.2 billion formal jobs for 3 Billion people Lost Decade Total New US Jobs (Millions) By Decade
- 15. Grand Opportunities in STEM 15 3/18/14 • In April 2003, Human Genome (3 Billion DNA sequenced and encoded on 25K genes). • In 2013 computers eclipsed humans in Computational Capacity. Laptops by 2029. • Communications Bandwidth has increased by 100K since 2000. • Rise of Nanotechnology as a Discipline • Our understanding of the Brain
- 16. Grand Opportunities in STEM 16 3/18/14 • In the next 5 years you will no longer need – IDs – Money – Credit Cards – Store cards – Business Cards – Photos – Mail/Mailman – Paper and Hardback Books – Bills and notices – Paper – Steering Wheels – Organ Donors? – Classrooms?
- 17. Technologies of Great Promise – All STEM Based • Internet of Things • Big Data Analytics • Human – Machine Interface • 3-D Printing • Cloud Technologies • Education of Tomorrow We are in the third inning of a 9-inning game
- 18. A word on Predictions… • “I think there is a world market for about five computers.” Thomas J. Watson Chairman of IBM, 1943 • “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in their home.” Ken Olson, President, Digital Equipment Corporation, 1977 • “We don’t like their sound. Groups of guitars are on the way out.” Decca Recording Company executive, Turning down the Beatles in 1962 • “Ruth made a big mistake when he gave up pitching.” Tris Speaker, 1921
- 19. That Being said, some items are predictable • Moore’s Law: The number of transistors double every 18 months • Computational speed doubles about every 2 yrs. • Feature sizes of MEMS decrease by 100 per decade
- 20. Computers and Sensors Worn on the Body Everything Connected to the Network WHAT ARE WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES? WHAT IS THE INTERNET OF THINGS? WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON? Connec(vity
- 21. Why the market is interesting Source: Ericsson Mobility Report, “On The Pulse Of The Networked Society,” June 2013 THINGS PEOPLE PLACES 50B THINGS connected 50 40 30 20 10 0 Billions 1900 1990 2000 2020 2010 1B PLACES connected 5B PEOPLE connected
- 22. MINIATURIZED SENSORS § Enable a broad range of health monitoring services § Offer real-‐Wme connecWvity to service providers § Ensure 24/7 health monitoring § Expected to transform the healthcare industry Wireless health applications have become mainstream
- 23. Many more interesting applications in motion Security Monitoring Smart IrrigaWon Smart Appliances Water Quality Monitoring Pet LocaWon Smart Metering Mold DetecWon Smart Watch Health Monitor Out-‐PaWent Monitor Wearable Sensors Smart Glasses Cardiac Monitor Healthcare, Automo(ve, Supply Chain, Intelligent Buildings, Consumer Electronics, Retail, Construc(on, Emergency Service Smart Clothing LocaWon Monitoring Energy and Water Use Smart Grids PolluWon Monitoring Structural Monitoring Urban Noise Maps Traffic CongesWon Smart Parking
- 24. What can fit in a wearable DEVICE? Power Management WiFi + Bluetooth + FM + NFC GPS 3G Cellular SoC w/Quad-‐Core 1GHz CPU and Advanced Graphics Memory
- 25. Watch this!
- 26. Solutions – Which way do we go? • Embrace the Core • Embrace the Digital Learning Revolution • 21st Century STEAM • Innovate, Innovate, Innovate – Use non-traditional frameworks to motivate youth (Maker Movement) – Experiential Learning – Embrace Entrepreneurship
- 27. Common Core Standards It’s a great start, as it standardizes educa(on in 46 states and it starts to include Technology and Engineering What the Standards do NOT clearly define: • How teachers should teach • All that can or should be taught • The nature of advanced work beyond the core • The intervenWons needed for students well below grade level • The full range of support for English language learners and students with special needs • Everything needed to be college and career ready To be effec(ve in improving educa(on and geeng all students ready for college, workforce training, and life, the Standards must be partnered with a content-‐ rich curriculum and robust assessments, both aligned to the Standards.
- 28. Common Core – Con’t • Common Core: 3 million teachers in 46 states • Tools are being developed to teach to the skills that kids need to have. • Active crowdsourcing is promising www.sharemylesson.com www.torsh.co www.beferlesson.com
- 29. Common Core – Con’t • You must to continue to learn, relearn, and unlearn! • Use these online tools to help you plan – Contribute and disseminate www.learnzillion.com www.khanacademy.org iTunesU
- 30. New Learning will get us there • “School” will take many forms. Sometimes it will be self-organized. • Learners decide and define the time and place for learning. • Whatever the path, radical personalization will become the norm, with learning approaches and supports tailored to each learner.
- 31. Image Source: Jamil Salmi, World Bank Tomorrow’s Classroom • Stanford University’s Sebastian Thrun and Google’s Peter Norvig • Allowed anyone, anywhere to attend online, take quizzes, ask questions and even get grades for free. • In the first few hours – 5000 students enrolled, 160,000 by the beginning of class • Students hailed from more than 190 different countries (Ukraine, Australia, China, US)
- 32. What if I hate STEM? • STEM is changing – Its about solving real problems not just math problems – The technology is becoming less esoteric and easy to use – Its driving change in unrelated fields – There will be more STEM in everything you do Try STEAM?
- 36. FAB-Camp UCI • From July 15-26, about 60 (7th and 8th)students participated in the UCI FAB-Camp. • This program gave students “hands on” project based learning skills while simultaneously exposing them to multiple engineering disciplines • Students built their own, LED, Fuel Cell, Hovercraft, model aircraft, ice cream, etc. • They also learned the basics of advanced manufacturing with a focus on how to use CAD software and 3-D printers • FABCamp 2014 June 23rd – July 25th (4 one week sessions) hfp://sites.uci.edu/fabcamp/
Editor's Notes
- This is a very difficult time to be an educator (at any level). The difficulty today is unlike any in our history. We have had four major shifts in the way in which we educate, and we have always been required to change. We have always been funded to do so. Not so today. This is not going to be lecture on what we need to do to be better it’s a conversation We have moved from the industrial revolution into the information age:
- Why? Some time back in your early childhood or young adulthood you were taught to believe that these items were the same. But they are not the same because I changed it. And thats what’s happening in this world, it has changed its dramatically different and the interesting part about it is that many of us experience this change but don’t recognize it.We thus spend our time responding rationally to a world in which we recognize but no longer exist
- How did you communicate when you were growing up? By land-line telephone. My story with my roomate’s telephone bills ($400 per month bills because he spoke to his girlfriend who was 45 minutes away.). We were NOT globally connected years ago. My story of my first visit to Korea (people came to rub myh. We are globally interconnected now, in fact 1/3 of the followers of the average twitter account are out side of this country.When I was in college Drinking and Driving was a big problem. Nancy Regan initiated the Just say NO campaign to drugs and alcohol. Now I see more commercials about texting and driving than drinking and driving
- Speed of technology has massively increasedScale and size are globalDensity of interactions have increased dramaticallyWe live in a world “earlier technological revolutions had to do with transforming energy or transforming materials. This one has to do with the transformation of time and distance,”1.1 billion people live without clean drinking waterSteam Pipe – July 18 2007Bridge – Aug 1 2007Levees – 2005San Bruno Pipeline explosion 9/9/2010 - when a 30 inch diameter steel natural gas pipeline exploded killing 8 people. A 300 foot flame that burned for an hour and a half. In Dec 2010 gas pipeline in wayne mi exploded and killed and burned a funiture store (killing 2). In january 2011 gas pipeline ruptured in Philadelphia (killed city utility worker and injured 6 people). Feb 8 2011 - Allentown, Pa leveled 2 row houses and killled 5 people including a four month old child. Public housing blocks are seen at Ma On Shan in Hong Kong's rural New Territories September 9, 2011. This southern Chinese city is described as a concrete forest, famous for the number of high rise commercial and residential towers. About 25 percent of the world's tallest 100 residential buildings that stand at least 200 meters tall are in the territory.California 30% of bridges and overpasses are structurally deficient – ASCE 2009Florida - one out of every four bridges and overpasses are structurally deficient – ASCE 2009Steam Pipe – July 18 2007Bridge – Aug 1 2007Levees – 2005Growing animosity and anti-US sentiment: There are places in the world right now where if someone knew you were an American, (white or black, Christian, Jew or Muslim) they would kill you. All of the major countries of the world are coming together to compete against the US, What do you think the European Union (EU) is all about?There are a number of Major Crises are on the Horizon:1)Energy, Researchers (some of them right here at OSU) believe that we will endure a major energy crisis within the next 5 years. (JOKE FUEL PRICES)2)Economy, Recently Stephen Roach chief economic strategist for Morgan Stanley suggest that because of the nations debt portfolio we may have a major financial crises in this country within the next 10 years. 3)Environment, Just last year the a group of 1400 scientist sponsored by the world health organization predicted a major environmental crisis within the next 20 years.Our Primary and Secondary Educational System is Failing: According to the Gates Foundation 33% of “all” high school age students drop out and another 33% who graduate are not prepared for high school. When minority populations are singled out the number of dropouts is 50%. Bill Gates at the Governor’s Educational Summit (4/29/2005 "American high schools are obsolete,”. . ."By obsolete, I don't just mean that our high schools are broken, flawed and underfunded. ... By obsolete, I mean that our high schools - even when they are working exactly as designed - cannot teach our kids what they need to know today.2/3 of all the bridges in the US are structurally obsoleteWe're adding a billion people every 13 years, “If all they required was a single 60 watt light bulb for four hours a day, we would need twenty new 500 megawatt coal burning power plants just to accommodate them”.Any Engineering College must address these major issues if it to be relevant in the next 100 years.Consumption of meat will increase by 60%Consumption of grains by 30%Overall Food consumption by 40%69 of California’s 1,247 dams are in need of rehabilitation to meet applicable state dam safety standards.California’s drinking water infrastructure needs an investment of $27.87 billion over the next 20 years.California reported an unmet need of $1.7 billion for its state public outdoor recreation facilities and parkland acquisition.66% of California’s major roads are in poor or mediocre condition.68% of California’s urban interstates are considered congested.California spends $2 billion less each year on highway maintenance and rehabilitation than is needed. 30% of California’s bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete.Any Engineering College must address these major issues if it to be relevant in the next 100 years.Consumption of meat will increase by 60%Consumption of grains by 30%Overall Food consumption by 40%
- ExponentialSpoken Language – 100,000s yearsWritten Language - 10,0000s yearsPrinting Press 400 yearsIs America Falling off the Flat Earth – Norman AugustineMore S&P 500 Engineers receive their undergraduate training in engineering than any other discipline.23% Engineering, 13% economics, 12% Business.Of China’s top nine leaders 8 are engineers and one is a geologist – 435 member House of Representatives only 3 are engineers
- In April 2003 Scientist announced the sequencing of the human genome (3 Billion DNA sequenced and encoded on 25K genes).Now in a short time we can tell if you have a propensity for certain diseaseAre you likely to be addicted to certain drugs/smokeComputational CapacityIn the last 20 years computational capacity has doubled every 6 months. We are reaching computational capacity of the human brain.Brain: Computational Capacity 2 x 1016Computer: Computational Capacity 1 x 1015By 2013 computers will eclipse humans in Computational Capacity. Laptops by 2029.Computers could potentially experience the full range of emotionsBandwidthCommunications Bandwidth has increased by 100K since 2000. Cost of communications have seen a significant decrease.Nanoscale can be defined as 1/1000 of a human hair.Our understanding of the brain is improving exponentially. Our brains are no growing exponentially yet. They will when we start to infuse them with non-biological technology.We are shrinking feature size by a factor of 100 per decade.
- In April 2003 Scientist announced the sequencing of the human genome (3 Billion DNA sequenced and encoded on 25K genes).Now in a short time we can tell if you have a propensity for certain diseaseAre you likely to be addicted to certain drugs/smokeComputational CapacityIn the last 20 years computational capacity has doubled every 6 months. We are reaching computational capacity of the human brain.Brain: Computational Capacity 2 x 1016Computer: Computational Capacity 1 x 1015By 2013 computers will eclipse humans in Computational Capacity. Laptops by 2029.Computers could potentially experience the full range of emotionsBandwidthCommunications Bandwidth has increased by 100K since 2000. Cost of communications have seen a significant decrease.Nanoscale can be defined as 1/1000 of a human hair. Feature sizes are shrinking by about 100 per decade.Fat insulin receptor gene should be turned off
- Left side of the plot is a logarithmic plot – straight line means exponential growthThe observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder ofIntel, that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months, and this is the current definition of Moore's Law, which Moore himself has blessed.
- The Internet of Things (IoT) is a computing concept that describes a future where everyday physical objects will be connected to the Internet and will be able to identify themselves to other devices. The term is closely identified with RFID as the method of communication, although it could also include other sensor technologies, other wireless technologies, QR codes, etc.IoT is significant because an object that can represent itself digitally becomes something greater than when the object existed by itself. No longer does the object relate just to you, but now it is connected to objects around it, data from a database, etc. When many objects act in unison, they are referred to as having "ambient intelligence." Wearable computers, also known as body-borne computers are miniature electronic devices that are worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing.[1]
- Broadcom has the blueprints needed to enable OEMs to design wearables in different form factors from head to toe.
- For IOT and Wearables, the top right corner shows the key chips and supporting components.We can add cellular connectivity for certain applications – but how small can we make this? Smaller is always better in our business….
- We can actually fit all of this into a Smart Watch today!I always wanted to be like Dick Tracy. I also wanted XrayGoggels (You know why)
- Learn Zillion: http://learnzillion.com/common_core/math/k-8
- Learn Zillion: http://learnzillion.com/common_core/math/k-8
- The way learning is organized is shifting from being institution centric and to being more learner centric.We’re seeing institutions use MOOCs and other forms of online learning to get more flexible (like edX). EdX is a not-for-profit enterprise of its founding partners Harvard University and MIT that features learning designed specifically for interactive study via the web. Also seeing completely self-organizing forms of study and scholarship. PEERAGOGY. P2P University (Open University)P2P University – study groups, collaborative study – self organizing.In between - SocialMedia Classrooom – Howard Rheingold teaching hybrid classes at Stanford, transform the in class experience, transform the online experience. Novo Ed is another MOOC trying to leverage more collaborative online activities with peer/colleagues.
- Must utilize and deploy the large cadre of UG and Graduate StudentsUCI/ICS Middle School - App - JamUCI - Energy InvitationalAlmost two weeks ago, at the University of Johannesburg, more than 20 people were injured and one woman was killed trying register for a limited number of openings. Thousands had camped out overnight hoping to snag one of the few available places and when the gates opened, there was a stampede.
- What direction do I go if I hate STEM?