Dr. Gregory Washington, Dean of UCI’s Henry Samueli School of Engineering, delivers a riveting message to provoke educators in the NSF IUSE Ideas lab to action. The world is changing rapidly, but we still educate the same way. We need a STEM-o-lution!
NSF IUSE Ideas Lab In Engineering: Provoking Action!
1. NSF IUSE IDEAS Lab in
Engineering
Gregory N. Washington, Ph.D.
Dean, The Henry Samueli School of
Engineering
Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering
2. Who am I?
• Major Academic Accomplishments
– Developed first mechanical active antenna with Smart
Materials
– First Reported Intelligent Control Methodology for
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
– Dean (UCI), Interim Dean, Associate Dean for
Research
• Academic
– More than 140 papers in Journals, Conference
Proceedings and edited volumes, 4 best paper
awards. University Distinguished Teaching Award
• Industry and Government funding ($>12
million ($4 million single PI))
– NSF (CAREER+ 3 other awards), ARO, AFOSR,
DARPA, DOT, Dept of Energy, NASA, Ohio
Aerospace Institute
– BF Goodrich, Goodyear, Dupont, HRL, Boeing, Ford,
GM, Ameritech, Outboard Marine Corp.
• My motivations for this talk
– Family
– Product of Public Schools
3. Who we are? UCI Engineering At a Glance
• 21st Ranked Public Engineering Program
• Comprehensive University (Medicine, Law,
Business, etc)
• 5 Departments
• Only UC First Year Engineering program
• One of the Safest Communities in the
country
• Great combination of analytical and
experiential learning
Enrollment
• 3121 Ugrad - 902 Grad students
• Total Enrollment >4000
• 12 Engineering Degree programs (11
accredited)
• 113 Faculty
• Freshman Cohort: 38% Low Income, 57%
First Generation
• 3.97 GPA
4. Key Metrics – More Students
• The UCI campus student faculty ratio is 26.3. With our student size
of 3754 students we would need 142 faculty to be at the average of
the campus.
• Only UC Engineering program without hard cap on enrollment.
• Faculty and staff growth have been relatively flat since 2008
4
30%
Increase
since
2007
6. Global Challenges
• Level
1
– Climate
Change
– Water
Scarcity
– Energy
Security
– Cyber
Security
– Global
financial
structure
– Biodiversity
and
Ecosystem
losses
– Fisheries
Deple?on
– Deforesta?on
– Infec?ous
Disease
• Level
2
– Poverty
– Educa?on
– The
Digital
Divide
– Urbaniza?on
– Intellectual
property
– Interna?onal
labor
and
migra?on
– E-‐Commerce
rules
– Biotechnology
rules
– Mari?me
Safety
and
Pollu?on
Disrup6ve
to
our
way
of
life
Eliminate
our
way
of
life
7. Accelerated Change!
• Years to 50 Million users
– Radio – 38 years
– Television – 13 years
– Cell phone – 7 years
– Internet – 4 years
– IPOD – 3 years
– Facebook – 2 years
• More than half of the top
10 in demand jobs in 2014
did not exist in 2004
7Singapore Science Park
Shanghai - Pudong
8. Are
we
changing
fast
enough?
“Educa6on
is
the
most
powerful
weapon
which
you
can
use
to
change
the
world”
–
N.
Mandela
12. Are
we
losing
our
compe66ve
edge?
“Educa6on
is
the
most
powerful
weapon
which
you
can
use
to
change
the
world”
–
N.
Mandela
13. Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Top Bachelors Majors at US Universities
1. Business
2. General Studies
3. Social Science and History
4. Psychology
5. Health Professions
6. Education
7. Visual and Performing Arts
8. Engineering and Technology
9. Communications and Journalism
10. Computer and Information Science
14. Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Top Bachelors Majors at Global Universities
1. Business (1)
2. General Studies (10)
3. Social Science and History (6)
4. Psychology (9)
5. Health Professions (4)
6. Education (5)
7. Visual and Performing Arts (8)
8. Engineering and Technology (2)
9. Communications and Journalism (7)
10. Computer and Information Science (3)
15. Thousands
of
Graduates
The New Global Battlefield: Science and Engineering
National Science Board, S&E Indicators, 2010
16. Are we really ahead Globally?
• In STEM Women perform better in other parts of the world
17. Are we really ahead Globally?
• In STEM Women perform better in other parts of the world
18. Education is a Global Jobs Issue
• 7 Billion People (5 billion adults)
• 3 Billion looking for jobs
• 1.2 Billion formal jobs
• 1.8 Billion looking for a formal job
– According to Gallup – Formal job attainment is
the most important global issue and is at the
core of much of the conflict nationally
19. 12.0 10.7
17.1
19.4 18.1
21.7
40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s 10s
-‐0.9 ?
Economic Issues - The Lost Decade
Globally,
there
are
1.2
billion
formal
jobs
for
3
Billion
people
Lost
Decade
Total
New
US
Jobs
(Millions)
By
Decade
20. Global
Compe6tors
-‐
SINGAPORE
1960s
h1p://www.country-‐data.com/cgi-‐bin/query/r-‐11828.html
22. 70% of Young Adult Males (18-24 yrs old)
are NOT Eligible for the Military
• Lack High School Diploma
• Cannot Pass Military Entrance Exam
• Obesity
• Drugs
• Incarceration
26. Technology is a New Real Competitor
• Probability of Computerization
– Telemarketers – 99%
– Secretarial/Adm. Assistant – 96%
– Accountant/Auditors – 94%
– Retail Salespersons – 92%
– Technical Writers – 89%
– Paralegals – 94%
– Postal Service Clerks – 95%
– Machinists – 65%
– 47% of total US employment is at
risk
The
future
of
Employment:
How
SuscepGble
Jobs
are
to
ComputerisaGon;
C.B.
Frey,
M.A.
Osborne
27. In short supply in the US
What about Creativity?
Creativity
The
Global
Innova?on
Index,
2012:
U.S.
ranks
only
10th
in
innova?on!
The
US
is
ranked
52nd
in
STEM
educa?on.
67%
of
PhDs
in
the
US
are
not
US
ci?zens
.
World
Economic
Forum
Global
Compe??veness
Report
2012:
US
ranked
7th.
28. Grand Opportunities in STEM
28
3/18/14
• In April 2003, Human
Genome (3 Billion DNA
sequenced and encoded
on 25K genes).
• In 2013 computers
eclipsed humans in
Computational Capacity.
Laptops by 2029.
• Communications
Bandwidth has increased
by 100K since 2000.
• Rise of Nanotechnology
as a Discipline
• Our understanding of the
Brain
29. Grand Opportunities in STEM
29
3/18/14
• In the next 5 years you
will no longer need
– IDs
– Money
– Credit Cards
– Store cards
– Business Cards
– Photos
– Mail/Mailman
– Paper and Hardback Books
– Bills and notices
– Paper
– Steering Wheels
– Organ Donors?
– Classrooms?
30. Solutions – Which way do we go?
• Create new inventors
• Disrupt the University
Paradigm
– Establish Create and Make
Spaces on Campus
– Experiential Learning
– Embrace Entrepreneurship
• Embrace the Digital
Learning Revolution
32. “To stimulate creativity, one must develop the
childlike inclination for play…”
-- Einstein
How? – Bring exploration and play
back into the classroom
33. Why Kids are the ideal inventors?
Crea6ve
Mo6vated
by
challenges
Not
afraid
of
failure
Resilient
Idealis6c
34. Why Kids are the ideal inventors?
Kelvin
Doe,
Sierra
Leone,
created
ba_eries
and
generators;
started
a
radio
sta?on
for
his
village
from
a
deteriora?ng
voltage
stabilizer
that
he
found
in
the
trash.
William
Kamkwamba,
Malawi,
windmill
to
power
his
family’s
house
using
blue
gum
trees,
bicycle
parts,
and
materials
collected
from
a
scrapyard
36. FAB-Camp UCI
• From July 15-26, about 60 (7th
and 8th)students participated in
the UCI FAB-Camp.
• This program gave students
“hands on” project based learning
skills while simultaneously
exposing them to multiple
engineering disciplines
• Students built their own, LED,
Fuel Cell, Hovercraft, model
aircraft, ice cream, etc.
• They also learned the basics of
advanced manufacturing with a
focus on how to use CAD
software and 3-D printers
• FABCamp 2014 June 23rd –
July 25th (4 one week sessions)
hp://sites.uci.edu/fabcamp/
38. Teach
Students
How
to
Design
and
Build
Anything
Art
Biology
Engineering
Printable
Muscle
A
3-‐D
printer
by
San
Diego-‐based
Organovo
uses
cells
rather
than
plas?c
to
fabricate
organic
machinery.
Hands-‐Free
Guitar
Hero
for
Amputees
To
prepare
prostheses
for
amputees,
algorithms
translate
signals
made
by
nerves
once
connected
to
missing
limbs
into
finger
movements
in
the
game.
Fly-‐Trap
Clock
A
flypaper
conveyor
belt
traps
insects
and
deposits
them
into
a
microbial
fuel
cell
to
power
a
digital
clock.
Minecrab
This
freewheeling
homage
to
the
pixelated
pleasures
of
videogames
past
is
one
of
the
most
successful
?tles
of
all
?me.
Robo6c
Gravity
Harps
Commissioned
for
Bjork’s
latest
project,
pendulums
connected
to
a
harp
and
computer
allow
the
user
to
program
and
play
predetermined
melodies.
Archangel
Wings
A
?nkerer
and
his
comic-‐book-‐ar?st
brother
built
the
X-‐
Man’s
wings
in
robo?c
form.
Gene6c
Lava
Lamp
A
visual-‐effects
ar?st
created
a
lamp
using
crystals
grown
on
electroluminescent
wire
in
the
shape
of
DNA,
encases
in
silicone
and
acrylic.
HeartWave
A
tabletop
tank
ougi_ed
with
sensors
reads
your
heartbeats
as
ripples
across
water.
The
most
original
projects
combine
two
or
more
disciplines.
Look
to
mash
them
up
Programming
Develop
Open
Source
Curricula
39. New Learning will get us there
• “School” will take many
forms. Sometimes it will
be self-organized.
• Learners decide and
define the time and
place for learning.
• Whatever the path,
radical personalization
will become the norm,
with learning
approaches and
supports tailored to each
learner.
40.
41.
42. We should be concerned... but?
1. Electrification
2. Automobile
3. Airplane
4. Water Supply and Distribution
5. Electronics
6. Radio and Television
7. Agricultural Mechanization
8. Computers
9. Telephone
10. Air Conditioning
11. Highways
12. Spacecraft
13. Internet
14. Imaging
15. Household Appliances
16. Health Technologies
17. High-Performance Materials
18. Laser and Fiber Optics
19. Nuclear Technologies
20. Petroleum and Petrochemical
Technologies
• We were able to do this in spite of the fact that in 1900 the US Population
was 76 million and China’s was 467 million (6.14 times larger than ours).
China’s Population in 2009 is only 4.33 times larger than ours.
• What about people like me?
Great Achievements of the Last Century
This is a very difficult time to be an educator (at any level). The difficulty today is unlike any in our history. We have had four major shifts in the way in which we educate, and we have always been required to change. We have always been funded to do so. Not so today. This is not going to be lecture on what we need to do to be better it’s a conversation We have moved from the industrial revolution into the information age:
940 freshmen coming this year. An increase of 30% from last year.Student growth continues with major growth over the last three years. The HSSOE has the largest graduate program at the university by more than 150 studentsThe faculty has grown by 9.3% in the last five yearsThe number of staff has actually decreased by -0.29% over the last five yearsCoupled with significant reductions of our operating budget over the last five years has placed significant strain on our faculty. Campus enrollments have been relatively flat over the same periodFaculty and Staff growth has not kept pace with student enrollments. Staff growth has been anemic in the last few years and faculty growth has come through special arrangements (i.e. university hiring initiatives, spousal hires, etc)Filled faculty has increased 9.3% over the last five years.
Level 1 has the potential to dramatically change our way of life. Level 2
ExponentialSpoken Language – 100,000s yearsWritten Language - 10,0000s yearsPrinting Press 400 yearsIs America Falling off the Flat Earth – Norman AugustineMore S&P 500 Engineers receive their undergraduate training in engineering than any other discipline.23% Engineering, 13% economics, 12% Business.Of China’s top nine leaders 8 are engineers and one is a geologist – 435 member House of Representatives only 3 are engineers
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - Test administered in 2009.
In April 2003 Scientist announced the sequencing of the human genome (3 Billion DNA sequenced and encoded on 25K genes).Now in a short time we can tell if you have a propensity for certain diseaseAre you likely to be addicted to certain drugs/smokeComputational CapacityIn the last 20 years computational capacity has doubled every 6 months. We are reaching computational capacity of the human brain.Brain: Computational Capacity 2 x 1016Computer: Computational Capacity 1 x 1015By 2013 computers will eclipse humans in Computational Capacity. Laptops by 2029.Computers could potentially experience the full range of emotionsBandwidthCommunications Bandwidth has increased by 100K since 2000. Cost of communications have seen a significant decrease.Nanoscale can be defined as 1/1000 of a human hair.Our understanding of the brain is improving exponentially. Our brains are no growing exponentially yet. They will when we start to infuse them with non-biological technology.We are shrinking feature size by a factor of 100 per decade.
In April 2003 Scientist announced the sequencing of the human genome (3 Billion DNA sequenced and encoded on 25K genes).Now in a short time we can tell if you have a propensity for certain diseaseAre you likely to be addicted to certain drugs/smokeComputational CapacityIn the last 20 years computational capacity has doubled every 6 months. We are reaching computational capacity of the human brain.Brain: Computational Capacity 2 x 1016Computer: Computational Capacity 1 x 1015By 2013 computers will eclipse humans in Computational Capacity. Laptops by 2029.Computers could potentially experience the full range of emotionsBandwidthCommunications Bandwidth has increased by 100K since 2000. Cost of communications have seen a significant decrease.Nanoscale can be defined as 1/1000 of a human hair. Feature sizes are shrinking by about 100 per decade.Fat insulin receptor gene should be turned off
The way learning is organized is shifting from being institution centric and to being more learner centric.We’re seeing institutions use MOOCs and other forms of online learning to get more flexible (like edX). EdX is a not-for-profit enterprise of its founding partners Harvard University and MIT that features learning designed specifically for interactive study via the web. Also seeing completely self-organizing forms of study and scholarship. PEERAGOGY. P2P University (Open University)P2P University – study groups, collaborative study – self organizing.In between - SocialMedia Classrooom – Howard Rheingold teaching hybrid classes at Stanford, transform the in class experience, transform the online experience. Novo Ed is another MOOC trying to leverage more collaborative online activities with peer/colleagues.
